Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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PRESENTED TO :
Sir faisal ioqbal
Co ordinator internship vivas
M.BA Evening
Session 2012-2015
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Executive summary
Since it is required by the students of mba to commence a report on
manufacturing or service organization as Internships provide an opportunity
to link theory with practice in order to cope the gap between theoretical
study and actual practices for better understanding that how it is performed
in actual. To fulfill this mandatory requirement I was assigned by my MENTOR
to do a six week internship. The key purpose of this report is to critically
scrutinize and realize banking operations and propose measures in the form
of solid and weighted recommendations for their more perfection. I decided
to do a complete analysis of bank with respect to technology it has, its
prevailing culture and also its financial analysis. And then give concrete
recommendations and suggestions.
To achieve my mission stated above the first step was to choose the
organization so I got the opportunity to do internship inAl Baraka Bank
(Pakistan) Limited (ABPL) a pioneer in Islamic banking my key
purpose was to study how Conventional banking is different from Islamic
banking I realized main difference is on the part of operations and use of
funds.
I joined a 6 week internship for a practical exposure of banking world I work
from 9.00 to 3.00 pm Daily I have one day off in every week. I find Al-baraka
is performing its banking business in line with the set of laws of SBP. As the
Al-baraka Gujranwala is a foreign subsidiary so its main products are the
similar as being offered at head office . The vision and mission of Al baraka
are also stated in report along with the complete detail of hierarchy of bank.
Then the work done by me during the internship is also discussed and the
ratio analysis years 2009-2010. Then I have done the SOC analysis on the
report to know about the strengths, opportunities and challenges which are
being faced by the bank and they will have to face in the near future, by
doing the SOC analysis I give conclusion on the bank performance and some
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Dallah Al Baraka Group and the founder of the Al Baraka Banking Group. He
serves as a director on the boards of a number of organisations and
associations across the world. Currently he is Chairman of the following
organisations: General Council for Islamic Banks and Financial Institutions;
Jeddah Chamber of Commerce & Industry; Council of Saudi Chambers;
Federation of GCC Chambers and the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and
Industry. As a renowned pioneer of Islamic banking and in recognition of his
achievements and his role in promulgating Islamic economic principles
encapsulated in the message of his group: Reconstruction of the Earth Shaikh Saleh Kamel has been awarded the highest of certificates, trophies,
and accolades by many countries and organisations over his lifetime.
Mr. Abdulla A. Saudi (Vice Chairman) :
Mr. Saudi, Libyan national, is a world-renowned and respected international
Banker. He holds a Certificate in Management and Accounting. He worked at
the Central Bank of Libya for 14 years, holding various positions including
that of Manager of the Banking Department and Head of the Foreign
Investment Department. He was the founder of Libyan Arab Foreign Bank,
where he served as Executive Chairman between 1972 and 1980,
establishing branches of the Bank worldwide. He was the founder of Arab
Banking Corporation (B.S.C.), Bahrain and served as its President & Chief
Executive from 1980 to 1994. He also founded Arab Financial Services (E.C.),
Bahrain in 1982. In addition to being voted one of the Most Innovative
Bankers
by
the
representatives
of
governments
and
international
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received, over his career, several gold medals and awards, notable amongst
which are those awarded in 1977 by the King of Spain and the President of
Italy and that given to him by the President of Tunis in 1996. He is currently
the Executive Chairman of ASA Consultants W.L.L., Bahrain
Mr. Abdullah Saleh Kamel (Vice Chairman):
Mr. Abdulla, Saudi Arabian national, is a respected Saudi businessman,
educated in Economic Studies at the University of California, USA. Mr. Abdulla
Kamel has held a number of executive positions over the years at Dallah
Group. He headed the real estate and property management and central
logistics division during the period 1988-1989, was Presidents Assistant
for Trade Affairs 1989-1995 and held senior positions at Dallah Al Baraka
Holding Company over the period 1995-1999. Mr. Abdulla Kamel is currently
the Chairman of Aseer Company, Amlak Real Estate Development and
Finance, Al Tawfeek Financial Group, Al Tawfeek Company for Investment
Funds and Vice-Chairman of Bank Al-Jazira in Saudi Arabia and King Abdullah
Economic City. He is also a Member of the Boards of Saudi Research &
Marketing Group and Okaz Corporation for Journalism and Publishing. Mr.
Abdulla Kamel has been and remains very active in public activities through
his
membership
in
many
international
and
local
organizations
and
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Yousif,
Bahraini
national,
holds
Master
Degree
in
Business
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in banking and has held a number of senior positions in his career, including
that of Deputy Treasurer at Al Rajhi Bank in Riyadh for two years to
December 2007 and Chief Executive Officer of Fahad Abdulla Al Rajhi Holding
Co., Riyadh between January 2007 and August 2010. Prior to that he held
various positions including Head of Treasury Sales and Marketing Unit in Arab
National Bank, Riyadh; Manager of Treasury Sales & Services Unit in United
Saudi Bank in Riyadh; Senior Corporate Relationship Manager in Saudi
American Bank, Riyadh; Senior Dealer in Saudi American Bank in Riyadh and
Computer Engineer for SAMBA Data Center in Saudi American Bank. He is
currently Chief Executive Officer of Deutsche Gulf Finance.
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from
strong
capacity
for
timely
payment
of
financial
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While
progressing
towards
the
integration
process,
the
profitable
business
stream
in
the
mediumterm
while
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AL-BARAKA IN PAKISTAN
Al Baraka Islamic Bank (Aib) has the honor of being the pioneer of Islamic
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and
investment
banking
and
treasury
services
strictly
in
accordance with the principles of the Shariah. The authorized capital of ABG
is US$1.5 billion, while the total equity amounts to about US$ 1.59 billion.
With assets of US$11.2 billion, the Group has a wide geographical presence
in the form of subsidiary banking Units in 12 countries, which in turn provide
their services through more than 250 branches. These banking Units are
Jordan Islamic Bank/ Jordan, Al Baraka Islamic Bank / Bahrain, Al Baraka
Islamic Bank / Pakistan, Banque Al Baraka D'Algerie/ Algeria, Al Baraka Bank
Sudan/Sudan,
Al
Baraka
Bank
Ltd
South
Africa,
Al
Baraka
Bank
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BRANCHES IN PAKISTAN
SOUTHERN REGION
S.
No.
01
Branch Name
Karachi Main
Cod
Addr
Telephone
ess
No.
Fax No.
Lakhani
021-
021-
Centre,
2636261
2635045
I.I.
021-
Chundri
2636262
gar
Road,
khi@albaraka.com.p
k
021-111742-742
Karachi
02
Karachi Gulshan
.
Provinci
021-
021-
khi.kgi@albaraka.co
al Trade
4824510-13
4813240
m.pk
.
LPlot #
021-
021-
khi.kia@albaraka.co
1-A,
5114001-4
5114005
m.pk
Centre,
Block
13-B,
Gulsha
n-eIqbal,
Karachi
03
Karachi Korangi
Sector
23,
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Korangi
Industri
al Area,
Karachi
04
Karachi Clifton
.
Garnet
021-
021-
khi.kcn@albaraka.co
Centre,
5360901-4
5360906
m.pk
Khayab
an-eJami,
Block
-8,
CLifton,
Karachi
05
Karachi
.
City
021-
021-
khi.ksf@albaraka.co
Shahrah-e-Faisal
Tower,
4373201
4373200
m.pk
Plot
33-A,
Block
-6,
PECH
Society,
SharaheFaisal,
06
Karachi
SITE
Area
Karachi
Plot No.
021-
C-18/A,
6011390
ksi@albaraka.com.pk
Estate
Avenue,
SITE,
07
Gadap Gulshan-
Karachi
Plot No.
021-
021-
Imran.nizami@albara
e-Meymar
SB-13,
6350931-3
6833332
ka.com.pk
SectorZ,
Sub
SectorIV,
Gulsha
n-eMeyma
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r,
08
Hyderabad
Gadap
Shop
022-
022-
hyd@albaraka.com.p
No.
2636962-4
2634990
A/2616,
WARDA, Noor
Moham
mad
High
School
Road
CENTRAL REGION
S.
Branch
No. Name
Cod Ad
e No.
dre
ss
01
02
Lahore Main
Lahore
Circular
Road
95-B,
042-
042-
Hali
5756016
5756877
Road,
042-
Gulberg
5756074
-II,
042-
Lahore,
5756084
Pakistan
042-111-
742-742
64-
042-
042-
lcr@albaraka.com.
Circular
7674801
7674802
pk
Road,
042-
Lahore
7674803
albaraka@albarak
a.com.pk
0427674804
03
Lahore DHA
80-Y
042-
042-
lhr@albaraka.com.
Block,
5692771-5
5721482
pk
Defence
Housing
Authorit
y,
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Lahore
Cantt.
04
Lahore
Shadman
5, Race
042-
042-
lsh@albaraka.com
Course
6366913
6362533
.pk
806-C,
042-
042-
Faisal
5160263-4
5160388
816-C
041-
041-
fsd@albaraka.com
Main
2637321-3
2634377
.pk
Faisal
041-111-
Lane,
742-742
Road,
Lahore.
05
Lahore
Town
Faisal
Town,
Lahore
06
Faisalabad
Civil
Lines,
Faisalab
ad.
07
Multan
76
061-
061-
mlt@albaraka.com
Abdali
4500371-4
4500375
.pk
Anwar
055-
055-
guj@albaraka.com
Industri
4273172
4273190
.pk
es
055-
Comple
4273177
Road,
Multan.
08
Gujranwala
x, G. T.
Road,
Gujranw
ala.
09
Gujrat
Lamcy
0533-
0533-
Hotel,
530513-15
530516
Opp. Go
Well
CNG
Station,
GT
Road,
Gujrat
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10
Sahiwal
183-B/7,
040-
swi@albaraka.com
Sarwar
8059040
.pk
1/1437,
052-
skt@albaraka.com
Paris
3006118
.pk
Shahee
d
Kutcher
y Road,
Sahiwal
11
Sialkot
Road,
Sialkot
NORTHERN REGION
S.
Branch Name
No.
01
Islamabad Main
Code
Addr
Telephone
ess
No.
Fax No.
11-W,
051-
051-
isb@albaraka.com
Blue
2206829-31
2206832
.pk
Area,
051-111-
Jinnah
742-742
Avenue,
Islamab
ad.
02
Islamabad F-10
7-G,
051-
051-
Lords
2111945-7
2111948
Block 3,
051-
051-
rwp@albaraka.co
Services
5792030-33
5792034
m.pk
Plaza, F10
Markaz,
Islamab
ad
03
Rawalpindi
Road
Mall
Plaza,
262,
The
Mall,
Rawalpi
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ndi.
04
Rawalpindi
137-B,
051-
051-
rwp_rcc@albaraka
Chandni Chowk
Chandni
4571128-30
4571127
.com.pk
Main
0992-
0992-
abd@albaraka.co
Manseh
34311214
343227
m.pk
091-
091-
pwr@albaraka.co
5250191-94
5250195
m.pk
058610-
058610-
mir@albaraka.co
48361-65
48363
m.pk
Chowk,
Main
Murree
Road,
Rawalpi
ndi.
05
Abbottabad
ra Road,
Opposit
e Radio
Station,
Jhangi,
Abbotta
bad.
06
Peshawar
UG
39-
40,
Deans
Trade
Centre,
Islamia
Road,
Peshaw
ar
Cantt.
Peshaw
ar.
07
Mirpur
Plot
8,
#
Sub
Sector
B-3,
Part-2,
Allama
Iqbal
Road,
Mirpur,
Azad
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Kashmir
.
08
Rawalpindi City
A-65.
051-
051-
rcb@albaraka.com
City
5777411-15
5777410
.pk
Plot No.
051-
051-
CB-1,
4540861-3
4540864
Zulfiqar
0997-
0997-
man@albaraka.co
Plaza,
304178-80
303159
m.pk
sadder,
Jinnah
Road,
Rawalpi
ndi
09
Wah Cantt.
Sadat
Plaza,
The
Mall,
Wah
Cantt.
10
Mansehra
Abbotta
bad
Road,
Manseh
ra
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CORE VALUES
PARTNERSHIP
Partnership:
Our Mission
Our Vision
DRIVEN
Tosociety
meet the
financial
of communities
We believe that
needs
a fair needs
and equitable
financialacross
systemthe world by
NEIGHBOURLY
business ethically
in accordanceofwith
which rewardsconducting
effort and contributes
to the development
the the Sharia,
Our shared beliefs create strong bonds that form the basis of long term
practicing
the
highest professional standards and sharing the
community.
OF MIND
relationships withPEACE
customers
and staff.
mutual benefits with the customers, staff and shareholders who
Driven:
We have the energy and perservance it will take to make an impact in our
customers lives and for the greater good of the society.
Neighborly:
We value and respect the communities we serve. Our doors are always open;
our customers always experience a warm-hearted, hospitable welcome and
accommodating service.
Peace of mind:
Our customers are rest assured that their financial interests are being
managed by us to the highest ethical standards Commitment.
AL BARAKAS COMMITMENT TO ISLAMIC BANKING
Al Baraka Islamic Bank and Albaraka Banking Group are fully committed to
develop and promote an integrated Islamic Financial System. Compliance
with the rules and principles of Islamic Shariah is the core of the banking and
financial activities and its philosophy. All its banking activities are very
closely regulated by a Board of Shariah Advisors based at the Head Office in
Bahrain and a Shariah Advisor based in Pakistan, to ensure strict compliance
with the highest standards of Islamic Banking principles.
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PAKISTAN MANAGEMENT
Board Of Directors:
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Mr.
Chairman
Member
Member
Member
Member
Member
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Mr.MuhammadSiddique
Secretary of BEC
Memon
Chairman
Mr. Adnan Ahmed Yousuf
Mr. Tariq Mehmood Kazim
Member
Country Head
(ABL)
Mr. Abdul Ghaffar Fancy
Member
(EFH)
Mr. Federico Tauber (MAK) Member
Secretary of HRRC
Mr. Mukkarram Jafri
South Region
North Region
Chairman
Member
Member
Secretary to BAC
Branch Manager
Mr Muhammad Arshad
Mr Muhammad Arshad
Chairman
Mr. Tariq Hamid
Member
Mr. Imtiaz Ahmad Pervez
Member
Mr. Nadeem Amjad Khan
Member
Mr. Syed Tariq Husain
Operational Manager
Foreign trade Manager
Credit & Marketing
Musadiq
Mr. Federico Tuaber MR AsadMember
Umer
Meer
Manager
Mr
Hafiz
Ullah Khan
Secretary to BRC
Mr. Ayyaz Ahmed
Shari'a Advisor:
Assistant Manager
MR Irfan
A/c opening
Officer
Mufti
Abdullah
Miss Anum
Assistant Manager
MR Aamir
Officer
MR Salman
Cash Officer
Mr Raheel
Clearing Officer
Mr Ramzan
Clearing Officer
Mr Saqib
MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY
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Clearance
Settlement
opening of accntous
Deposits/account department
Cash department
Clearing department
Remittances department
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DEPOSITS DEPARTMENT
CATEGORIES OF ACCOUNTS:
Bank offer following type of account to their customers.
Individual accounts:
Individual accounts are the most common personal investment accounts.
Opened by single person.
Joint Account:
A joint account occurs when two or more than two customers have one
account. Theparties to a joint account are considered in law as they are one
person.
Business accounts:
Business accounts can be opened by institutions, companies, partnerships,
trusts and non-profit organizations. Following documents are required.
TYPES OF ACCOUNTS:
Deposits are collected by opening account. Major types of accounts offered
in ABPL are following:
Current Account
Saving account
Profit and loss saving account
Khazana accont
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Current account
Saving account
Current Account:
This type of account is payable to the customer on demand, hence called
currentliabilities due to their nature. No profit is given at this account.
Minimum amount for opening these types of accounts is normally about Rs:
1,000/-.
Saving account:
Saving account of two types is offered in ABPL
Khazana account
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with one exception for foreigners that they will have to submit a copy of their
passport. Amount deposited in the foreign currency account must be in
four currencies, which are mentioned earlier. When the customer will
withdraw the money,he/she will receive the amount in the same foreign
currency/profit will also be in thesame foreign currency.There are two types
of foreign currency accounts:
Current Account
Saving Account
These accounts are treated in the same manner as Pak Rupee Accounts.
Must not be bewared under any law from entering into any contract.
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Individual account
Businessman
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Salaried person
Student
Minor
House wife
Photo account
Joint account
Sole proprietorship
Partnership
Trust/club/society
Others
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
The following documents are required from the different type of customers.It
is important to mention that documents are demanded from customers with
a view to ensure the source of income of respected entity.
Types of documents
Two types of documents are demanded from respected entity.
Business documents
Personal documents
The customer can close the account. The customer is required to submit
an application for closing the account. Then the account is closed out
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and his balance is paid to him after deducting the Closing charges Rs.
232 and the application is filed in Account closing file.
Cheque book is returned back to bank and the officer cancel and the
remaining cheques in cheque book by marking the stamp VOID. And all
other facilities if the customer was taking from the customers are
surrendered.
The range of checks in the checkbook returned is also jot down in the
account closing form.
After deducting the account closing charges and bringing the balance of
account being closed to zero the statements of all the years are printed
out.
Acoount closing form is attachd with account opeing form of relevevnt
account and the account apening form is mar
I used to learn how my instructor keeps the record of check book being
issued to customer and remaining cheque books in hand.
General Rules for Various Types of Accounts
Following are some general rules, which are applicable to all kinds of
accounts:
Not more than one account of each category may be opened in one and
the same branch except joint account with any other individual.
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In the event of the death of an account holder the credit balance in the
account shall be paid to the legal heirs of the account holder.
The account holder wishes to close the account should surrender all
unused checks.
example
Doctor
is
required
to
submit
MBBA
certificate
or
appointment letter
If some one for example labor does not have any strong evidence or
proof of his earning then he is required to submit application having
request of opening account
CASH DEPARTMENT
The Major function of this system is Receipts & payments to the customers,
on behalf of their account, through Cheque or any other negotiable
instruments.The cash system mainly encompasses following areas:
Receipts
Payments
Receipts:
The Account holder deposits in their accounts through a deposit slip. The
deposit slip contains the account number and the title of account. The
amount in figure and words is also written on both side of the slip. The
customer then deposits the amount to the cashier, which is dully signed by
the cashier and an officer .At last amount is deposited in customers account.
Payments:
Kinds of checks:
Cross cheques
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Ordinary cheques
CLEARING DEPARTMENT
All instruments for collection (check, drafts, pay orders, etc) received
for clearing tobe deposited by the customers are be entered on the
banks general pay-in slip alongwith all the details, especially the bank
name/code and the document number.
The clearing official of the bank affixes the banks crossing and clearing
stampsalong with his/her signature.
REMITTANCES DEPARTMENT
The function of the remittance department is the transfer of money/funds
from onebank/branch to the other.
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Modes/Instruments of Remittance
The Bank of Punjab, like other Commercial Banks undertakes to remit or
transfer moneyfrom one place to any part of the country and outside the
country. The money is remitted mostly by means of:
Make payment.
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Bills sent to other cities banks for clearing are called outward bills for
collection.
Checks are entered in the OBC register, the number is written and
clearing stamp is affixed along with the test number entry.
Upon clearing that bank credits the bank account and gives advice to
the bank.
Bills received from other banks out of city for the local clearing are
called inward billsfor collection.
The bank received the clearing advice along with the check/draft.
The checks/drafts are recorded in the inward mail and entered in the
IBC register.
After realization the advice is mailed to the branch and its account is
credited.
Foreign Remittances
To facilitate its customers in the area of Home Remittances ABPL has taken a
number of measures to Increase home remittances through the banking
system and Meet the SBP directives/instructions for timely and prompt
delivery of remittances to the beneficiaries.
CREDIT DEPARTMENT
Credit department deals with funded and non funded facility. In other words
it can be said that it covers with both long-term and short- term
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Types of Murabaha
Murabaha sale is divided into two types:
Ordinary Murabaha sale:
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There are two parties to it, the seller and the buyer. The seller is an ordinary
trader who buys a commodity without depending on a prior promise of
purchase, and then he displays it for Murabaha sale for a price and a profit to
be agreed upon.
Murabaha sale connected with a promise:
There are three parties to it. The seller, the buyer and the bank as an
intermediary trader between the buyer and the seller. The bank here does
not purchase unless the buyer specifies his desire and a prior outstanding
promise to purchase.
The mode of Murabaha sale connected to a promise is used by the Islamic
banks which undertake the purchase of commodities according to the
specifications requested by the customer and then resell them on Murabaha
to the one who promised to buy for its cost price plus a pre-agreed profit.
There are different forms to the application of Murabaha sale connected to a
promise of purchase. Some of these forms are determined by whether the
promise is binding or not. Other forms are determined by how the bank
receives the commodity in the case of the first sale. The bank may receive
the commodity directly or through one of its agents or it can authorize the
buyer to receive the commodity.
Features:
Competitive pricing
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Variable tenors
Bill
Cheque / DD/ PO
Personal Guarantee
GFCA
Statement of Lien
Negotiation:
Exporter comes to the bank and submits the shipping documents along with
LC (letter Of Credit) exporter bank received the documents with LC. Checks
the documents with LC, take indemnity or guarantee from the exporter and
after approving from the branch manager and head office, gives value of the
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the
ICCs
Banking
Commission.
GUIDELINES:
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Commercial invoice.
A full set of bills of lading evidencing that the goods have been
shipped on board the carrying vessel and stating that freight has
been paid by the exporter.
IMPORT
There are three types of import:
Letter of credit
Firms contract
Advance payment
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LC (Letter of credit):
It means guarantee to pay by the issuing Bank if either of the parties
(importer or exporter) defaults/unable to pay at sight (immediately /arrival of
documents) or at payment in due date in acceptance.
Advance payment:
In advance payment method the exporter is trusted to ship the goods after
receiving payment from the importer.
Cash in advance before shipment may seem to be the most desirable
method of all, since the shipper is relieved of collection problems and has
immediate use of the money if a wire transfer is used. Payment by check,
even before shipment, may result in a collection delay of four to six weeks
and therefore frustrate the original intention of payment before shipment. On
the other hand, advance payment creates cash flow problems and increases
risks for the buyer. Thus, cash in advance lacks competitiveness; the buyer
may
refuse
to
pay
until
the
merchandise
is
received.
Advance Payment
LC
Contract
REMITTANCES
Remittances are of two types:
Inward Remittance.
Outward Remittance.
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Inward Remittance:
The Bank receive inward message through SWIFT for credit to the
beneficiary account being maintained either in Pak rupees or FC account. In
case of Pak rupees account mentioned in the SWIFT Message. The receiving
bank converts the FC account into Pak rupees by applying TT Buying Rate of
the value date of that day.
Remittance Outward:
Until and unless special approval /permission have being granted by SBP.
The FC amount can be duly remitted through FC account only by depositing
FC cash.
IJARAH
Ijarah means to give something on rent. It is a long term financing
agreement
Mode of Financing
The chosen mode of financing would be the Ijarah agreement, where the
Bank acquires an asset (plant & machinery, vehicle) and the rents it to the
client for an agreed period.
Car Ijarah in ABPL
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The customer agrees to a monthly payment (rent) to the Bank for use
of the vehicle.
At the completion of the agreed period, the Bank gives the customer an
option to purchase the asset (vehicle).
The following table details some of the macro-features of the applicable
mode of financing:
Documentation of Ijarah
There are a number of documents involved in an Ijarah financing transaction.
The following documents are required for the approval of credit.
Credit Application
CIB
Spread
Call Report
Risk Rating
Purchase Agreement
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Agency Agreement.
Possession Report.
Bill
Cheque / DD/ PO
Personal Guarantee
GFCA
Statement of Lien
Diminishing Musharaka
Musharaka is a contract whereby the bank and a customer agree to combine
their financial resources for the establishment or running of a business or
project, or for undertaking any type of business activities. The two parties
agree to manage the project in accordance with the terms of the contract.
The profit or loss will be apportioned between the parties pro rate their
participation in the invested capital. Unlike the sharing of loss, the sharing of
profit may be or may be not pro rata the share of the parties in the capital,
depending on the additional work or responsibilities that either of the two
parties may shoulder.
In a Diminishing Musharaka the banks share decreases gradually as a result
of a gradual sale of its shares to the customer against the payment of
installments. The bank makes profit by selling the share at a price which is
higher than its original value.
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TYPES OF SECURITIES
The word security means any thing given to protect or safeguard the
repayment of an advance and to justify this term the thing so given should
itself be safe; otherwise the object for which it is given is defeated.
The ABPLusually takes three types of securities from its customers just for
the sack to secure its clients deposits
These types are:
Pledge
Hypothecation
Mortgage
In each case the bank does not become the owner of the, property but the
bank has only the right over the property until the borrower makes payment
of his debt.
Pledge:
In a pledge, the possession of the property but not the ownership passes to
the creditor. The pledgee is entitled to the exclusive possession of the
property until the debt is repaid but the ownership remains in the pledgor
subject to the pledgees right.
Hypothecation:
In case of hypothecation, the property in goods is charged as security for a
loan from the bank. But the ownership and possession is left with the
borrower. In case of hypothecation, neither the property in goods and nor the
possession of property pass to bank, but only the security is granted in a
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MY AREA OF INTERNSHIP
I did my internship in banking sector, AlBaraka Bank Pakistan Ltd. ,
Gujranwala branch situated at Anwar Industrial Complex, G.T Road.
ABPL is working in Pakistan as a foreign bank since 1991; in Gujranwala it
starts its work from 31st December, 2007. This branch within a short time
gets better position in market. During my internship I got the opportunity to
work in different departments like
OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
CREDIT DEPARTMENT
I learnt a lot about the practical work of different departments under the
supervision of the department managers. I was given full authority to do
tasks so I gained a lot by the favor of certain individuals at bank. Although I
worked in all these departments but I gained most from foreign trade
department due to the manager of the department because he was very
cooperative and adept in his work. And I also give the credit to the branch
manager who gives me freedom to go all the departments for learning
My work
As I have mentioned earlier that it is mendatory for the students of masters
of commerce to join internship for the period of six weeks. The purpose is to
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learn the things practically. To fulfill this requirement I choosed the banking
sector. As i studied the subject of Islamic banking in my 2nd semester so I
was curious to know the real working of Islamic banking.
I was fully ambitious to learn maximum in this short spam of time. To achieve
my ambition I choosed the Islamic bank abpl Gujranwala branch situated at
Anwar Industries Complex, G.T Road.
I feel it necessary to describe that the manager of branch and the credit and
marketing department were too much cooperative and helping. It made
workme feel confident and I was able to work in all the departments freely.
During my internship branch manager go for UMRA and the credit &
marketing manager worked in place of him he was too much co-operative
and motivated us to learn as much as you can and assured us for any kind of
help if needed. He also assured us for any kind of help needed for
preparation of report.
During my internship I worked in three departments
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First work
At first day I was very passionate as after giving my last semester I was
going to last step of my masters of commerce. Now it was time of practically
viewing the working of an organization. During my internship I came to know
that there is a big difference in real working and bookish knowledge.
I spend my first week in foreign trade department. Here Mr. ASAD MEER
guided us as he is foreign trade manager in this branch. he shared us his
views about the need of the establishment of this department. In this
department I was able to know about the activities involved for import and
export in the foreign trade department.
In this department I keenly observed all the documents involved in import. I
also asked the meaning of some technical terms found in these documents
and there purpose. He told us the whole process of import in detail. We did
not learn too much about export as he said that the process of export is
exactly opposite to the process opf import.
Mr ASAD MEER also told us the regulating laws of foreign trade which are
followed durion the whole process of import. I also viewed the registers in
which entries are made.
FOREIGN TRADE DEPARTMENT
First thing I learned was letter of credit, and then I viewed import and export documents.
LETTER OF CREDIT:
Letter of credit is the guarantee given by the importer bank to the exporter bank that if the
importer fails to pay the money, the importer bank also called Applicants bank pay on his behalf.
TYPES OF L/C:
There are several methods for making payment of an import or export transaction. These are
listed below:
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The issuing bank (importers bank) gives a lasting undertaking to accept and pay bills drawn
upon it, to the exporter, upon fulfilling the terms and conditions stipulated in the Letter of Credit
(LC). It gives complete protection to the exporter.
The issuing bank (importers bank) can modify the LC without any obligation on its part. These
are usually not accepted by the exporters.
LC at sight
When exporter ships goods and present documents of shipment in its bank, exporter sends these
documents to importers bank. Importer has to make payment within 5 working days. In case of
default, foreign bank can claim markup. This is called LC at sight.
2nd day we ask Mr. ASAD MEER about the remaining types of LC. He was tolding us in very
detailed way. The remaining kinds of LC are:
LCDA
It is supplier credit LC. It facilitates importer. Payment is made at predefined future date which
may be 30, 60, 90 days. Goods are delivered before payment. Acceptance arrangement is made b
importers bank.
Deferred payment LC
It is just like LCDA but no acceptance is involved. Importer bank sends schedule to exporter
bank of deferred payment according to phases defined. Pre defined date is not given as
production may be completed earlier.
Transferable LC
Non-Transferable LC
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This kind of LC has the protection of the credit standing of the importers as well exporters
banks. The exporters bank which confirms this LC, takes full responsibility of making payment
if the importers bank fails to do so.
Though the issuing bank gives a commitment to honor the drafts, however, it does not give any
guarantee. From the exporters point of view confirmed irrecoverable LC is the best form of
receiving payment.
As there are so many kinds of LC it was a new thing 4 me so I was feeling it difficult to digest
them easily so the concerned manager advised us to revise the work of previous 2 days. So In my
3rd day of internship I revised the previous 2 days work and learned about some other kinds of
LC briefly.
Some other kinds are:
Freely negotiable LC
Clean LC
Special LC
Red clause LC
Green clause LC
Documentary LC
Fixed LC
Revolving LC
Back to Back LC
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Open account:
In this mode, major risk is of exporter. As he sends goods before receiving payment, importer
may or may not make payment. No bank is involved in this transaction. Payment is made simply
through accounts of businesses.
Import contracts:
It is just like L/C. transaction is committed between importer and exporter. Importer submits
import contract to bank just like Performa invoice. Security of supplier is less as compare to L/C.
importers bank does not give any acceptance, payment is only made when importer makes
payment. A certificate is issued by the importer named registration of certificate. It is for security
of supplier.
Advance payment:
Importer makes payment in advance. Major risk is of importer, as exporter may or may not send
goods, or he may send improper goods. To avoid any discrepancy resulting from cultural or
language differences, HS-code is introduced. Formerly ITC was applied.
Communication system
In ancient times L/C was used to send through Letter head of business. Then it was used to send
through Telex. It is just like typing machine. More reliable system of communication is
SWIFT.
L/C confirmation
It is needed in case of any issue which may be political or economical. If L/C is not being used
by a renowned bank, beneficiary bank may ask for confirmation from renowned bank. Security is
given by both of the banks. Confirmation charges are charged by confirming bank. upon
confirmation, L/C may be accepted
Codes used by SWIFT:
707- Amendment
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Documents of shipment
Bill of lading is prepared in case shipment is made through sea. This bill is prepared by
booking officer or agent or captain of ship. Usually 4 copies are prepared each for
exporter, importer, importers bank, captain.
In 4th day of my internship I asked them the payment methods he told us that
there are many modes of payments which are offered to customers
according to the needs of customers.
MODES OF PAYMENT
There are four modes payments which are as follows:
Deferred Credit
Sight Credit
Acceptance Credit
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Negotiation Credit
Deferred Credit
The draft is issued by the importer and presented to the bank by the exporter along with
documents (bill of loading, invoice, and insurance). The payment is made by the bank on
maturity of draft.
Sight Credit
The draft is issued by the importer and presented to the bank by the exporter along with
documents (bill of loading, invoice, and insurance). The payment is made by the bank if it finds
the documents correct.
Acceptance Credit
Bank confirmed that document has been received and payment would be made within certain
time period.
Negotiation Credit
The issued L/C can discount at any bank and got the amount money that he required against L/C
issued by the bank.
SHIPPING GUARANTEE
In case documents are not received by the importer and goods have been reached on the port.
Authorities inform the importer to get goods immediately. Importer may request importers bank
to issue shipping guarantee. Bank guarantees at his request and ensures that documents will be
presented when received. It is called shipping guarantee.
In 5th day of my 1st week I learned about the main documents of which are asked by ICC and
some other rules of ICC which are applied between whole process of import and export. He also
told us about some terms which are used in foreign trade world.
IMPORTS & EXPORTS
Main document is UCP for DC according to ICC publication # 600. ICC is regulatory body. Its
head office is located at Paris. All countries are its members. UCP is set of rules to avoid
complications & discrepancies among countries.
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Rules of ICC:
URR--means uniform rules for reimbursements
URC-- means uniform rules for collection
URDG-- means uniform rules for demand guarantees
These rules are applicable internationally. Some of them are being followed in Pakistan.
Foreign exchange regulations:
General rules:
Foreign exchange rules
Special rules:
Import policy order
Export policy order
Inco terms: (international commercial terms)
It is series of ICC. New series is Inco term 2010. It defines liabilities of seller and buyer. Inco
terms come with price quotations.
FOB
CFR/CNF/C&F
CIF
FAS
DAF
DDU
FOT
CPT
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Terms allowed in Pakistan are FOB and CFRIn my last day of internship at foreign trade
department I understand some ending processes of import and export and then I spend the
remaining time in discussing some other issues related to import and export.
IMPORTS
When the goods arrive at port or dry port, the importer will file the Bill of Entry giving the detail
of imports, Value of imports, Rate of duty & Tariff.
Customs appraisal officer will carry out an assessment of goods according to the rules/tariff
manual. Depending upon the assessment following taxes will be remitted by the importer:
Custom duty based upon ad valorem, specific rate or both. Sales tax - 15% of ad valorem +
custom duty.
With-holding tax 4% of ad valorem + custom duty + sales tax, Regulatory duty as imposed by
the government from time to time under the power of customs act.
EXPORTS
To dispatch the shipment, the exporter will submit shipping bill. The customs appraisal officer
will examine the goods for correctness of declared description, value, and claimed duty
drawback. Thereafter the goods will be allowed for shipping.
I spend my third & fourth week of internship in Credit department. In this
department I came to know the main purpose and benefit of the
establishment of this department & the necessary points which are kept in
mind while deciding that the credit should be granted or not. During my
internship I concluded that it is the toughest department of the bank. Here I
learned about the different modes of Islamic financing & about the facilities
for which the credit is granted keeping in view the important points in mind
as before granting credit different activities are performed on basis of which
it is decided that credit should be granted or not e.g customer rating sheet is
made which includes the rates assigned to different indicators.
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Transaction document
Charge document
Title documents
Transaction documents:
Murabahah: General sale and purchase
Ijarah: Rental based transaction is involved
In second day in this department I learned about different modes of Islamic financing.
ISLAMIC MODES OF FINANCING:
Murabahah:
An agent is appointed, a document named agency agreement is signed b the agent appointed
by the bank. Agent goes into the market and selects the required goods from the market and
informs the bank. Bank purchases this on behalf of customer and sell it to the customer, who is
also agent of the bank. In Murabahah, cost is known to the customer. Profit is also declared to the
customer.
Ijarah:
Ijarah is basically rental based. Car is rented out to the customer for specific time period which
may be 3, 4, 5 years. Customer pays the rent. Ownership is not transferred in this case. If
customer uses this even for number of years it will not come under the ownership of the
customer. Only price is declared to the customer.
Musharakah:
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It is just like partnership. Two or more partners share their investment and profit. Profit is
distributed in agreed ratio.
Mudaraba:
Two parties are involved in this case. One party invests capital in the business and other party
provides services. Services may be related to managing of money to earn profit for the business.
Modarib is the person who gives services and manages the money
At 3rd day in this department I learned about the sale based products
SALE BASED PRODUCTS:
Salam:
Order is placed and payment is made in advance before goods are produced and delivered.
Payment is made in full only.
Istisna:
Production starts after placement of order and payment is made when goods are delivered.
Manufacturer uses its own material to produce goods. Payment can be made in installments or in
full.
In 4th day of 2nd week I revised the previous 2 days work as te concerned manager was busy
and I assuming it as an opportunity I questioned him about previous ambiguities.
In 5th day of this department I learned about the main points which are kept in mind while taking
decision that credit sould be granted or not.
Credit authorization:
Three operations are performed:
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Current risk
Business risk
Operations risk
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In case banker do not operate his account or do not make any transaction for six months, his
account will be blocked apparently. Letter is sent to the customer one month before blocking
account, this letter is called pre-dormant letter. After blocking, a letter is also sent to the
customer, which is called post-dormant letter.
If he wants to activate his account, he needs to sign the request and perform at least one
transaction. No charges are deducted by the bank. He needs to submit his CNIC copy.
KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER:
A transaction profile is maintained by the bank in which important data relating to customer is
included. The data entered may be no of possible transactions performed during the month and
total amount of these transactions. Source of income and nature of business is also mentioned
in this. If the customer has to transact more than the defined limit because of expansion in his
business, the bank update KYC. If customer transact more than the defined limit and does not
inform the bank, the bank may inquire this. Customer sometimes transacts their black money to
convert it to white money. To avoid this, concept of KYC was introduced.
4TH WEEK
I spent second week in operation department doing billing and remittances. Operations officer
gave me some knowledge about these things. Purpose of these products is to ensure safe
payment. It is in favor of payee only. There are less chances of its miss use because these can be
deposited only in payee account. in case of loss, bank will be responsible.
DEMAND DRAFTS (DD)
DD is a written order given by the branch of the bank on behalf of the customer to other branch
of the same bank to pay the certain amount to the customer. DD are issued for the particular
place other than place of issuance. A draft is a Cheque drawn by a bank on its own branch or any
other branch of another bank at a different place requesting it to pay on demand a specified
amount of money, which is already received, to the person named on it. DD is of following two
types:
DD payable
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In the first type as advice reaches for payment the immediately pay to the customer while in later
as DD presented by the customer, it is paid and the suspense account is debited.
Documentation:
A printed application form is provided for filling in completely and signing by the applicant.
After depositing an amount of draft and commission of the bank, duly completed and signed by
two authorized officers, then it is handed over the applicant and credit order is dispatched to
drawer branch. Following are the pre-requisites for the processing of DD:
Bank Serial No
In 2nd day of 4th week I learned about the other clearing instrument called as pay order in detail
and also get knowhow about CDR.
PAY ORDER
For this kind of remittance the payer must have the account in the issuing bank. Pay order are
more liquid as compared to cheques because cheques may be dishonored while PO cant be. It is
written order issued by the bank drawn and payable on itself. It is used for local transfer of
money from one person to another person. The public also uses it for depositing money with
Government or Semi Government department.
Documentation:
The party who requires a pay order will get a printed application from the bank. He will fill it
and deposits the amount and commission. The bank charges are same as on demand draft.
No. of PO
Central No.
In case DD and PO gets dormant after 6 months of issue. Dormant account needed to revalidate.
Issuer should go to drawer branch and request for revalidation, bank changes the date and
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authorized signatory signs the document again. Credit advice is generated having information
about company on which it is generated in the favor of which company. One copy is sent to
drawee branch and the other is sent to head office.
CALL DEPOSIT RECEIPT:
Bank has no advantage of issuing DD and PO. CDR is issued for Govt. contracts. CDR can be
issued only to account holder
This day I learned about other clearing instruments known as Bills collection.
BILL COLLECTIONS
Bills department performs the following functions.
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In old times one representative of each bank had to go to SBP every day for record of clearing.
This was hard task to perform. To avoid this time taking task, SBP made contract with OCS and
made an institution called NIFT.
Representative of NIFT collects outwards in the evening and provide inwards in morning time.
Types of clearing:
Inward clearing:
Checks of Al-Baraka bank if submitted in other banks, those banks sends the checks to AlBaraka bank for clearing, this is called inward clearing.
Outward clearing:
Cheques of other banks if submitted by customer in Al-Baraka bank, the bank sends cheques to
other banks for clearing, this is called outward clearing. It is drawn by our bank on other.
Local clearing:
Within city clearing is named as local clearing.
Same day clearing:
Cheques having amount more than Rs. 100,000/- can be cleared in same day clearing. Only
specific branches are members of same day clearing. If cheques are objectionable, they can be
returned back. In this case Standard hours for NIFT service is 24 hours
Inter city clearing:
Clearing between the cities in which NIFT provides its services i.e. Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar,
Gujranwala etc. if cheque is cleared through intercity clearing, there will be no deduction in the
amount of cheque. Standard hours are 48.
If SBP does not play its role in clearing then NBP is authorized to perform this function.
Instruments of clearing:
cheque
Pay order
Demand draft
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Challan form
Stamp of crossing
Stamp of clearing
5th day I was absent while 6th day I spent in clearing my ambiguities and revising the work done
in this department.
CREDIT
Work done in 5th week
I spent 5th week in credit & marketing department with Assistant vice president of the bank. Mr.
Hafeez Ullah Khan in this department I got the opportunity to learn about how bank valuate their
customers before lending them money.
1st day I spent in this department in learning its objective of learning and existence and how a
customer is captured.
CREDIT & MARKETING
Main objective of this department is to identify the parties who are interested to get loan. After
identifying them, bank investigates whether that party has the capability and willingness to pay
back the loan. I viewd the documents and information needed For this purpose.
2nd day I learned the main objective of financial institutions and came to know that it is very
important for an economy.
Functions of financial institutions
Main functions of financial institutions are as follows:
To enlarge economy
Financial system is a system which ensures the flow of funds between demanders and suppliers
of funds. It creates interface between supplier and demanders of funds.
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Credit marketing
Risk management
Credit administration
This day we properly started to learned the real working of this department.
CREDIT MARKETING:
Main objective of this category is the identification of clients in the market who needs credit. The
main role of this category is to develop credit portfolio for investment of money.
RISK MANAGEMENT:
In this category risk attached to credit is managed. Main role of category is risk evaluation of
proposal and if it matches to credit rules of SBP.
CREDIT ADMINISTRATION:
Main role of this category is the legal documentation of risk management.
Analysis performed:
Economic analysis
Industry analysis
Firm analysis
If bank want to lend some amount to a specific firm, it needs to analyze the economy at first,
then it need to analyze the whole industry. After that analysis of the firm is conducted. In
analyzing we do see two things, one is Risk and other is Return.
Financial system hesitates to give credit to dying industry or sector like textile etc. rising industry
is food and livestock. It would be beneficial for banks to give credit to this industry.
4th day I learned the main thing of this department and that was the process of developing a
relationship with a customer.
Develop relationship:
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After identifying particular industry, we find ways to create relationship with that industry. For
developing relationship, the following tasks are performed like:
Components of credit:
Capacity of repayment
Willingness to pay
5th day I spent in discussing my various queries related with my previous work done in this
department and then learned about the 5cs of credit analysis which are kept in mind while
granting money to any customer.
5 Cs of credit analysis:
Character
Capacity
Cash flow
Operating cycle to generate cash flow is determined to find that whether person has sufficient
cash to repay.
Capital
Companys equity against debt is determined to find that whether the firms position
Conditions
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Bank sometimes conduct PEST analysis to make decision of lending. PEST means political,
economical, social and technological analysis.
6th day I further discussed queries which were arised in my mind and learned more which
something was new for me.
CPRMG:
It stands for credit policy and risk management group. Function of risk management is
performed by this group in head office of bank. This group implements the credit risk policy and
manages risk. It tells the bank, to which industry bank should advance credit.
In credit policy deviation, CPRMG checks that whether the procedure adopted is according to
policy defined and if there is any deviation. It gives approval upon certain terms and conditions.
Credit authorization department checks the compliance of terms and conditions given by
CPRMG relating to issues of credit and its approval.
6th C added to credit risk components is collateral, which is security against credit. It is the
most latest in components.
WORK DONE IN 6TH WEEK
6th week was last week of my internship. During internship, I was relatively confident as I keenly
observed the overall operations of branch and concluded that it is better than its other branches.
The evidence of this is that this branch stood 2nd in profitability in central zone.
I got very good experience there because of cooperative environment. I conducted detailed
SWOT analysis and became capable to discuss it in my report. I discussed this analysis with
employees of bank and they were agreed to me. I also collected some annexure for my report and
got my letter of internship. I spent time in all departments and asked some questions relating my
internship.
During internship I did some following practical work:
I filled deposit-clips
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Employees have been very cooperative to me in all my internship. Their cooperative nature and
politeness is the key to success for them.
LAST DAY AT BANK
Last day is full of happiness because it was a tiring job for me to sit the entire day one place I
appreciate the employees who did not get irritated from sitting for hours.
I enjoyed to learnt a lot from bank but I personally dislike to have this as my profession as I fed
up to see same routine duties there is less opportunity to gain much knowledge as does teaching
job entail.
Last day I personally went to each person who guided me during this short time of my internship.
And presented the thank you card to them
Thank God I have completed my internship successfully!!!
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