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For this activity all you need is a grid of dots, a pencil and your brain.
Note: "1 by 1" means how many sides (not how many dots).
So, let's try drawing in some squares and count how many:
1 by 1
Well, that's easy, there's just one:
2 by 2
That seems to be easy too. There are four of them, aren't there?
That makes five squares altogether - four 1 by 1 squares and one 2 by 2 square
Your Turn !
3 by 3
Hint: For the 3 by 3 case, you will expect to get 1 by 1 squares, 2 by 2 squares and 3 by 3 squares. How many of
each?
How Many
2 by 2 squares
How Many
3 by 3 squares
How Many
4 by 4 squares
How Many
5 by 5 squares
Total
1 by 1 Grid:
2 by 2 Grid:
1
1
3 by 3 Grid:
4 by 4 Grid:
5 by 5 Grid:
12 = 1,
22 = 4,
32 = 9,
etc ...
and the totals are found by adding together square numbers.
Sn = n(n+1)(2n+1) / 6
Sn
S5
S5
S5
=
=
=
=
n(n+1)(2n+1) / 6
5 (5+1) (25+1) / 6
5 6 11 / 6
55
2 by 2
There is another square too, this one:
Why is it a square? It has four equal sides and four right angles, so that's a square.
So, that makes six squares altogether.
Four 1 by 1 squares, one 2 by 2 square and one x by x square.
What is the value of x? We can use Pythagoras' Theorem to find it:
x 2 = 12 + 12 = 1 + 1 = 2
So x = 2
So, we have four 1 by 1 squares, one 2 by 2 square and one 2 by 2 square.
Your Turn !
3 by 3
4 by 4 and 5 by 5
Also try the 4 by 4 grid, and the 5 by 5 grid
As you proceed, you will find squares like these:
How
Many
1 by 1
1 by 1 Grid:
2 by 2 Grid:
How
Many
2 by 2
How
Many
3 by 3
How
Many
4 by 4
How
Many
5 by 5
How
Many
2 by
2
How
Many
5
by 5
How
How
How
How
Many
Many
Many
Many
8 by
10
13
17
8
by 10 by 13 by 17
Total
1
1
3 by 3 Grid:
4 by 4 Grid:
5 by 5 Grid:
Advanced
Can you find a formula to calculate the number of squares that have lengths that are square roots?
Can you then find a formula for the total number of squares in each case?
Are there any more squares lurking in there that we've missed?
Conclusion
What started off as seeming to be a simple exercise turned out to be quite complex. You really doneed to use your
brains to think this one through, but it's a challenging and rewarding exercise.
Have you ever wondered what the area of your garden is?
Let us try and find out!
You will need a garden, a tape measure, pen and paper ... and your brains.
Rectangle: Area = W L
W = width
L = length
Then measure the base (b) and height (h) of each triangle:
Write down each measurement carefully so you know which triangle it belongs to.
Now go inside and calculate each area (using Area = b h) and add them all up.
... in fact it's not any shape at all ... it has some straight edges and some curved parts. What should I
do?
Maybe it looks something like this:
You could try covering your garden with a grid of squares these could be 1 meter squares or 1 foot squares,
something like this:
How does this help? The grid and the outline of the garden don't match. There are lots of corners
and curved parts.
Count the squares!
There are special methods talked about on the Area page. The simplest method is:
An estimate for this area is 41 m2. This is just an example. Your garden will be different.
(If your grid was 1 foot, then the area will be in square feet)
You want to re-turf the garden. How much grass should you order? How much will it cost?
You want to plant the garden with tomato plants. These have to be planted a certain distance apart. How
many plants could you plant? What will be your expected yield of tomatoes?
You want to hold a barbeque party. How many people could comfortably fit into your garden?
You can now do Activity: Grass for the Garden
Crash!
Jade has crash-landed in the desert.
There is a village somewhere nearby, direction unknown.
So Jade comes up with a cunning plan:
This way he will find the village no matter what direction it is in, and can (hopefully) find his way back to the plane for
fresh water and shade when he needs it.
But he needs to know, at the end of each stage:
Distance (in a
walked altogether
Point
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
n(n + 1)/2
where n is the number of stages.
Like this:
Number of
stages (n)
12/2=1
23/2=3
34/2=6
etc ...
and one of those points is always the origin, which is at (0,0), so when xB and yB are zero we get:
Direction?
There is one more thing Jade must know: to get back to the plane, what compass bearing must he travel?