CORPORATE

PROFILE

NPCIL

NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED

(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

NPCIL

Nuclear Power - An Inevitable Option

Electricity is a basic input which is closely
related to the economic development of a country. In
spite of the impressive strides in increasing overall
installed capacity in the country, we are still facing
power shortages. Options available for commercial
electricity generation are hydro, thermal, nuclear and
renewables. In the energy planning of the country, a
judicious mix of hydro, thermal, nuclear and
renewable is an important aspect. Diversified energy
resource-base is essential to meet electricity
requirements and to ensure long-term energy
security. With the limited resources of coal and oil
available in the country and with growing global
concerns of greenhouse gases generated by fossilfuel-fired-stations, nuclear power is being called
upon to play a greater role in medium- and longterm perspective.

Indias Energy Resource Base

Resource

Amount

Electricity Potential
(GW-year)

38 Billion T
12 Billion T

7,614
5,833

61,000 T

328
42,231

2,25,000 T

1,55,502

150 GW
100 GW

69
33

Fossil
Coal
Hydrocarbon

Non-Fossil
Nuclear
Uranium metal
In PHWR
In Fast Breeders
Thorium metal
In Breeders

Renewable
Hydro
Non-conv. Renewable

(Source: Department of Atomic Energy)

Long - Term Nuclear Power Programme

India's long-term nuclear power programme is based
on utilising the vast indigenous thorium resources for
electricity generation. India's uranium resources can
support a first-stage programme of about 10,000 MW
based on Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)
using natural uranium as fuel and heavy water as
moderator and coolant. The energy potential of natural
uranium can be increased to about 3,00,000 MW in the
second stage though Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) which
utilise plutonium obtained from the recycled spent fuel of
the first stage along with thorium as blanket, to produce
U-233. With the deployment of thorium at third stage using
U-233 as fuel, the energy potential for electricity
generation is large and substantial. Indigenous industrial
infrastructure for reactor programme is well-developed.
Special infrastructure for the production of fuel, heavy
water, reactor control and instrumentation have been
developed within the Department of Atomic Energy. Indian
industry has gained valuable experience and reached a
stage of maturity in manufacturing equipment components
and handling of mega package contracts for these
reactors.
1

Stage

India's Nuclear Strategy

Natural
uranium
dioxide
fuel

NPCIL

NPCIL-Power Behind Nuclear Power

Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
is a Public Sector Enterprise under the Department of
Atomic Energy (DAE), Government of India. It was
incorporated on September 17, 1987 as a Public Limited
Company under the Companies Act 1956, with the
objective of operating the atomic power stations and
implementing the atomic power projects for the generation
of electricity, in pursuance of the schemes and
programmes of Government of India under the Atomic
Energy Act.
The formation of NPCIL was necessitated to give it
operational flexibility and raise financial resources from
the capital market to finance the setting up of the projects.
The authorised share capital of the company is Rs. 15,000
crores of which Rs. 10,174 crores is paid up as on
31/03/2014 which is fully subscribed by the Government
of India.

Generation in the year 2013-14

Generation in the year 2013-14
BUs
Thermal

792.477

Hydro

134.848

Import from Bhutan

Nuclear

5.598
34.227

Total

967.150

Installed Capacity as on 31st December 2014

MW

Thermal

1,78,015

Nuclear

5,780

RES

33,792

Hydro

40,885

Total

2,58,472

(Source: CEA / MNRE )

NPCIL - Mission

To develop nuclear power technology and to produce nuclear power as a safe, environmentally benign and an
economically viable source of electrical energy to meet the increasing electricity needs of the country.

Board of Directors
The business of the company (NPCIL) is managed by the Board of Directors appointed by the President of India.
The Chairman and Managing Director is the Chief Executive of the company and looks after the day-to-day affairs of the
company under the superintendence of the Board of Directors.

NPCIL at a Glance
Date Of Establishment

17th September,1987

Authorised Share Capital

Rs. 15,000 crores

Paid Up Capital (31/03/2014)

Rs. 10,174 crores

Number of Units in Commercial operation

Total Installed Capacity *

21*
5,780 MW

* Including RAPS-1 (100 MW) owned by the Department of Atomic Energy

NPCIL

Accomplishment of challenging tasks

m En-masse Coolant Channel Replacement (EMCCR)

and Safety Upgradation was carried out for the first

time in RAPS-2, totally with indigenous efforts.
Subsequently, EMCCR was carried out in five more
reactors - MAPS 1&2, NAPS 1&2 and KAPS-1
m Restoration of MAPS 1&2 to their original rating of 220

MW by innovative solution of spargers

m En-masse Feeder Replcement (EMFR) carried out for

the first time in the world in a PHWR at MAPS-1.

Subsequently EMFR carried out at RAPS-2, NAPS
1&2 and KAPS-1
m The complex task of core shroud inspection was

carried out successfully for TAPS, with remote

handling tools developed indigenously by DAE/
NPCIL. These units are operating for more than 45
years. Plant life extension works are being carried out
progressively

Financial:
m

During the year 2013-14, NPCILs Profit After

Tax(PAT) was Rs. 2,299 crore, 9.4% higher than the
last years profit of Rs. 2,101 crore in view of higher
generation

Dividend and tax on dividend of Rs. 807 crore for the

year paid to the Govt. of India

NPCIL's instruments continued to be maintained at

AAA rating

Project:
m

Robust construction and commissioning work is

under process in projects - KKNPP - 2 (1000 MW
LWR), KAPP - 3 & 4 (2 x 700 MW PHWRs) and RAPP 7 & 8 (2 x 700 MW PHWRs)

KKNPP Unit - 1 commenced commercial operation on

December 31, 2014. The unit attained criticality on
July 13, 2013 and synchronized to southern grid for
the first time on October 22, 2013 & generated 1106
MUs infirm power till March 2014. The unit generated
2242 MUs in 2014 - 15 before start of commercial
operation

GHAVP ( 1 & 2) and KKNPP ( 3& 4) projects, which

were accorded financial sanction were prepared for
launch. Pre-project activities like MoEF clearance,
land acquisition, site infrastructure development
works, etc. are in various stages of progress at green
field sites in Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat, Rajasthan and West Bengal

m RAPS - 5 registered 765 days of continuous run.

Second longest run in the world. Seventeen times

continuous run of more than one year have been
achieved by Indian reactors

Performance Highlights: (2013-14)

Operation:
m During the year 2013-14, NPCIL achieved its highest

ever generation of 35,333 Million Units of electricity,

including In Firm power of 1106 Million Units of
KKNPP-1
m The overall Availability Factor of the reactors in

operation continued to be high at 88% during the year

m Overall capacity factor of operating reactors of NPCIL

was 83% during 2013-14

Safety:

Public Outreach:
m

m The safety record of NPCIL was maintained

impeccable over 45 years of safe, accident free

operation
m IAEA carried out follow up mission during February 4 -

7, 2014, after 15 months of OSART mission at RAPS 3 & 4. The team assessed that in many cases the
station has done much more than what was intended
in the OSART observation

The public outreach activities continued throughout

the year. New and innovative activities were also
introduced

CSR:
m

NPCIL continued its neighborhoods welfare activities

in the areas of Health, Education, Skill Development
and Infrastructure around its sites. As a part of Swach
Bharat Abhiyan, NPCIL has chalked out a plan for
construction of 457 sanitary facilities (423 toilets and
34 urinals)

DETAILS OF OPERATING REACTORS (TOTAL 5,780 MW)

NPCIL

Operating Reactors

Type of Reactor

Rated Capacity MW

Location

Commercial Operation

TAPS-1
TAPS-2
TAPS-3
TAPS-4

BWR
BWR
PHWR
PHWR

160
160
540
540

Tarapur
(Maharashtra)

28/10/1969
28/10/1969
18/08/2006
12/09/2005

RAPS-1
RAPS-2
RAPS-3
RAPS-4
RAPP-5
RAPP-6

PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR

100
200
220
220
220
220

Rawatbhata
(Rajasthan)

16/12/1973
01/04/1981
01/06/2000
23/12/2000
04/02/2010
31/03/2010

MAPS-1
MAPS-2

PHWR
PHWR

220
220

Kalpakkam
(Tamil Nadu)

27/01/1984
21/03/1986

NAPS-1
NAPS-2

PHWR
PHWR

220
220

Narora
(U.P.)

01/01/1991
01/07/1992

KAPS-1
KAPS-2

PHWR
PHWR

220
220

Kakrapar
(Gujarat)

06/05/1993
01/09/1995

KAIGA-1
KAIGA-2
KAIGA-3
KAIGA-4

PHWR
PHWR
PHWR
PHWR

220
220
220
220

Kaiga
(Karnataka)

16/11/2000
16/03/2000
05/05/2007
20/01/2011

KKNPP-1

VVER

1000

Kudankulam
(Tamil Nadu)

31/12/2014

Reactors under Commissioning and Construction (Total 4,300 MW)

Type of
Reactor

Rated Capacity
(MW)

Location

Kudankulam-2

VVER

1,000

Kudankulam
(Tamil Nadu)

KAPP - 3
KAPP - 4

PHWR
PHWR

700
700

Kakarapar
(Gujarat)

RAPP - 7
RAPP - 8

PHWR
PHWR

700
700

Rawatbhata
(Rajasthan)

Fast Breeder

500

Kalpakkam
(Tamil Nadu)

Projects

PFBR**
** Being implemented by BHAVINI.

Performance of NPCIL
Particulars

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-13

2013-14

17,324

18,804

16,956

14,927

18,831

26,473

32,455

32,863

35,333

Availability Factor, %

89

85

83

82

92

89

91

90

88

CRISIL Credit Rating

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

AAA
Highest
Safety

Generation (MUs)

NPCIL

ISO-14001 and IS-18001 Certification:

All the nuclear power stations namely Narora, Kakrapar, Tarapur, Kalpakkam, Rajasthan and Kaiga have been
certified for ISO-14001 (Environment Management System) and IS-18001 (Occupational Health and Safety
Management System).
This certification provides for :
m

Compliance with applicable environmental legislation and regulations along with a commitment for continual
improvement.

Improved corporate commitment to environmental protection and conservation of resources.

Ensuring Environmental
Protection
Protection of the plant personnel, the
environment and the public is an important
consideration in the design, construction and
operation of the nuclear power stations. The
radiation source is adequately shielded, monitored
in all operation and constantly maintenance works
on the active systems are carried out strictly
according to approved procedures.
The release of radioctivity to the environment
from nuclear power stations is in very small
quantities, in any case well within the limits
stipulated by the Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
(AERB). The radiation dose due to actual releases is
insignificant compared to the dose that from the
natural radiation background. A person living at the
fence post of a nuclear power station receives a
radiation dose in 20 years equivalent to the radiation
dose of a single chest X-ray indicating the adequacy
Typical ESL at one of the Nuclear Power Plants of NPCIL

of radiation control in nuclear power plants.

It is interesting to compare the radiation

The Dose received by a Hypothetical person at

Exclusion Boundary of NPPs (2013)

exposures resulting from the operation of a nuclear

2400

power plant in India to the unavoidable natural

background radiation exposure. Detailed surveys
1000

6.94

27.4

15.52

0.557

0.92

0.8

have shown that normal natural background

radiation in different parts of the country varies from

NPCIL

2.07 mSv/year (a unit for radiation measurement) at Tarapur in Maharashtra to 3.1 mSv/yr at Narora in Uttar
Pradesh. It is estimated that annual average maximum individual exposure at a plant boundary of nuclear power
stations is less then 0.1 mSv/year. These small additional exposures are indistinguishable in the large variation of
natural background that are observed and have no impact whatsoever on the health of the population.
Environment Survey Laboratory with advanced monitoring equipments are set-up at each of the sites,
before commissioning of the nuclear plants. These ESLs monitor, environmental matters like air, water, soil, crop,
vegetation, fish, meat, food stuff etc., upto an area of 30 kms radius form the plant for radioactivity. The background
level of radiation is established for comparison after commissioning of the plants. The data from the ESLs over the
last 44 years of operation of nuclear power plants in India has shown that, there is no significant rise in radioactivity
due to the operation of nuclear power plants over the natural background radiation.

Safety of Nuclear Power Stations

Safety has been given paramount importance in design,
construction and operation of nuclear power stations. To
ensure the safety of reactor, a defence-in-depth philosophy is
followed, which leads to multiple barriers, diversity,
redundancy, independence and fail-safe design of the safetyrelated systems. Safety of nuclear power stations is further
ensured through sound design, using international standards
and codes, stringent quality assurance, approved operating
procedures, in-service inspection and maintenance of safety
systems, etc.

PRIMARY
CONTAINMENT

SECONDARY
CONTAINMENT

FUEL

FUEL
CLADDING

EXCLUSION ZONE

HEAT
TRANSPORT
SYSTEM

(Not to scale)

International Nuclear Event Scale

7

Major Accident
Serious Accident

ACCIDENT
5
4
3

Accident with off-site risk

Accident without
significant off-site risk
Serious incident
Incident
Anomaly

INCIDENT

2
1

DEVIATION

No safety
significant

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) classifies

nuclear events in the International Nuclear Event Scale
(INES). INES is a 0 to 7 point scale. Events at level 0 are
deviations and have no safety significance. Events of level 1
to 3 are incidents. Events of level 4 to 7 are accidents. In
India, no nuclear accident as defined by INES of IAEA has
occurred so far over 410 reactor years of operation.

International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)

NPCIL

Nuclear Waste Management

A unique feature of nuclear power plants is the generation of
extremely low quantity of radioactive waste. The spent fuel containing most
of the high level radioactivity is not considered waste as it produces
valuable fuel for future reactors. Spent fuel is sent for reprocessing for the

The volume of high level waste generated in a day for

supplying electricity to a metro like Mumbai or Delhi
would be (just 6 kg), about the volume of 2 bricks.

extraction of plutonium, uranium and other useful isotopes. High-level

waste is immobilised by vitrification in glass matrix, encapsulated in stainless steel double- walled canisters and kept for
interim storage for about 30 years under surveillance in concrete vault lined with stainless steel for decay of radioactivity.
Ultimately waste is disposed off in deep underground geological repository with protective barriers.
During the process of generation of electricity, small quantity of low- and intermediate-level solid wastes are
produced in nuclear power stations. After treatment, these wastes are disposed off within the plant premises in earthen
trenches, reinforced cement concrete trenches or tile-holes, depending upon the radiation levels. Bore-holes are made
around the disposal site for sample collection and analysis to ensure no leakage of radioactivity to the outside.
Small quantities of very low levels of gaseous and liquid radioactive wastes are also produced in nuclear power
stations. Gaseous wastes are filtered, monitored and disposed off through a 100-m tall stack. Liquid wastes are diluted
and generally sent to water body and are monitored. The radioactivity levels of gaseous and liquid wastes disposed off,
are very low compared to regulatory stipulations. The impact of these wastes on the environment is estimated to be less
than 1% of the stipulated dose limit for the general public.

NPCIL

Target for near future

The government had set in July 2014 target of tripling of the then existing nuclear power capacity of 4780 MW in the next
ten years. Pursuing the target, a capacity of 1000 MW has been added on December 31, 2014 with the start of
commercial operation of Kudankulam Unit-1. Further to this a capacity of 4300 MW (including 500 MW by BHAVINI) is
also under commissioning/ construction.

Future Plans
Start of work on new projects totaling to 16100 MW by NPCIL based on both indigenous reactors and reactors based on
foreign technical cooperation during the next five years. The details are given below:

Project

Location

Capacity (MW)

Indigenous Reactors
GHAVP 1&2

Gorakhpur, Haryana

2 x 700

CMAPP 1&2

Chutka, Madhya Pradesh

2 x 700

Mahi Banswara 1&2

Mahi Banswara, Rajasthan

2 x 700

Kaiga 5&6

Kaiga, Karnataka

2 x 700

KKNPP 3&4 (Russian Federation)

Kudankulam, Tamilnadu

2 x 1000

JNPP 1&2 (France)

Jaitapur, Maharashtra

2 x 1650

Kovvada, 1&2 (USA)

Kovvada, Andhra Pradesh

2 x 1500*

Chhaya Mithi Virdi, 1&2 (USA)

Chhaya Mithi Virdi, Gujarat

2 x 1100*

Reactors with Foreign Technical Cooperation

* Indicative Capacity

Of these projects, KKNPP 3&4 and GHAVP 1&2 have already been accorded sanction. In respect of the others, preproject activities like land acquisition, obtaining statutory clearances, site investigations etc. are in progress in respect of
Chutka, Mahi-Banswara, Kovvada & Chhaya Mithi Virdi sites. In respect JNPP 1&2 and Kaiga 5&6, land is available.
Environmental and CRZ clearances have also been obtained for JNPP.
Techno-commercial discussions with technology partners are in progress to arrive at viable project proposals in respect
of JNPP 1&2, Kovvada and Chhaya Mithi Virdi.

NPCILs - Nuclear Power Map

NPCIL

In Operation
- 21 Units - 5,780 MW
Under Commissioning & Construction
- 6 Units - 4,300 MW
Proposed Projects

Gorakhpur
(Haryana)

Rawatbhata

4x700 MW

Narora

(Rajasthan)

(Uttar Pradesh)

1x100 MW*
1x200 MW
4x220 MW
2x700 MW

2x220 MW

Haripur
(West Bengal)

6x1000 MW

Mahi Banswara
(Rajasthan)

4x700 MW

Kakrapar
(Gujarat)

2x220 MW
2x700 MW

Chutka
(Madhya Pradesh)

Chhaya Mithi Virdi

2x700 MW

(Gujarat)

Bhimpur

6x1100 #

(Madhya Pradesh)

Tarapur

4x700 MW

(Maharashtra)

Kovvada

2x160 MW
2x540 MW

(Andhra Pradesh)

6x1500 MW #

Jaitapur

Kalpakkam

(Maharashtra)

(Tamil Nadu)

6x1650 MW*

2x220 MW
1x500 MW**

Kaiga
(Karnataka)

Kudankulam

4x220 MW (Tamil Nadu)

1x1000 MW
2x700 MW
1x1000 MW
4x1000 MW
This map illustrates capacities, numbers and approximate locations of nuclear power plants.
(Not to scale)
* Owned by DAE, operated by NPCIL. Presently under extended shutdown
#

Indicative capacity ** Being implemented by BHAVINI

NPCILs - Plants under operation and construction

NPCIL

Tarapur Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2

2 x160 MW, Tarapur, Maharashtra

Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2

100 MW, 200 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan

Madras Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2

2 x 220 MW, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu

Narora Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2

2 x 220 MW, Narora, Uttar Pradesh

Kakrapar Atomic Power Station Units 1 & 2

2 x 220 MW, Kakrapar, Gujarat

Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 3 & 4

2 x 220 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan

Kaiga Generating Station Units 1 - 4

4 x 220 MW, Kaiga, Karnataka

Tarapur Atomic Power Station Units 3 & 4

2 x 540 MW, Tarapur, Maharashtra

Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Units 5 & 6

2 x 220 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan

Kudankulam Atomic Power Project Units 1 & 2

2 x 1,000 MW, Kundankulam, Tamil Nadu

Kakrapar Atomic Power Project Units 3 & 4

2 x 700 MW, Kakrapar, Gujarat

Rajasthan Atomic Power Project Units 7 & 8

2 x 700 MW, Rawatbhata, Rajasthan

10

NPCIL

Published by:
Directorate of Corporate Planning & Corporate Communications (CP&CC)
6-S-14, Vikram Sarabhai Bhawan, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai- 400094
E-mail: cpcc@npcil.co.in
Website: www.npcil.nic.in
January 2015