FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

PROJECT REPORTAPRIL-2014
Submitted by
NAME

REGISTER NUMBER

R.DEEPAK RAJ ANAND

12201769

R.ESWARAMOORTHI

12201773

R.K.GUNASEKARAN

12201776

K.KARTHIK KUMAR

12201783

D.MANIKANDAN

12201785

A.VIGNESH

12201802

In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

of the

STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND

TRAINING
CHENNAI-600 025
Under the Guidance of
Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.
HOD/MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SANDWICH)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION
COIMBATORE -641 014.

CIT SANDWICH POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

GOVERNMENT AIDED INSTITUTION
COIMBATORE -641 014
BOARD EXAMINATION PRACTICAL APRIL 2014
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project Work report on
FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS
Submitted by the following student for the award of the DIPLOMA IN
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Is a bonafide work done by
Mr._________________________
Register no.__________________
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of DIPLOMA
IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
of State Board Of Technical Education and Training,
Chennai 600 025.
Signature of the guide
(Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN, M.E., MISTE.,)
[H.O.D. / MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SANDWICH)]

...

...

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

Submitted for the Board Practical Examination, April 2014 held on

_________________

INDEX
CONTENTS

Page. No

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...6
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project..8
1.2 Project Over view...10
CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS
2.1 Project Description....13
2.2 Working Principle.14
CHAPTER 3 : DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPINENTS
3.1 Foot Step Platform17
3.2 Rack And Pinion17
3.3 Chain And Sprocket..18
3.4 DC Generator.19
3.5 Shaft20
3.6 Spring..20
3.7 Gear wheel..21
3.8 L.E.D Light.23
CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 5 APPLICATIONS.....29

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES..27

CHAPTER 6 : SPECIFICATIONS31
CHAPTER 7 :
APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION........34
CHAPTER 8 : CONCLUSION.....36
CHAPTER 9 : PHOTOGRAPHS.38
CHAPTER 10 : DRAWINGS
10.1 Foot step platform...41
10.2 Spring...42
10.3 Rack..43
10.4 Pinion44
10.6 Assembled View...45
CHAPTER - 11

BIBILIOGRAPHY...47

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincere thanks to the
management

and

to

our

respected

principal,

Dr.V.SELLADURAI, Ph.D., M.I.E., F.I.P.E., O.R.S.I., for

having permitted us to do this project work by offering
adequate duration to complete the work.
We express our sincere thanks to Mr.M.KULOTHUNGAN,

ME., MISTE., Head of the Department, Department of

Mechanical Engineering (Sandwich) for his valuable advice

and guidance to complete this project work successfully
With deep sense of gratitude, we extend our earnest and
sincere thanks to our beloved Head Of the Department
Mr.S.KAARMUMKHILAN., M.E., M.I.E., M.I.S.T.E., for
his encouragement and valuable suggestions during this
project work
We also express our sincere thanks to the faculty of all
Departments and staff members of our institution, who have
helped us in various ways to complete this project work
successfully.
We also express our in depth thanks to our parents, friends
and everyone else those who have helped us either directly or

indirectly for completing our project work successfully.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the project :
Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his
sustenance and wellbeing ever since he came on the earth a
few million years ago

Primitive man required energy

primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating

plants or animals, which he hunted. With the passage of time,

man started to cultivate land for agriculture. He added anew
dimension to the use of energy by domesticating and training
animals to work for him. With further demand for energy,
man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving
windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water for
sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of
falling water to turn water wheels. Till this time, it would not
be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy
needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was
using only renewable sources of energy.
Other people have developed piezo-electric (mechanical-to
electrical) surfaces in the past, but the Crowd Farm has the
potential to redefine urban space By adding a sense of
fluidity and encouraging people to activate spaces with their
movement. The Crowd Farm floor is composed of standard

parts that are easily replicated but it is expensive to produce

at this stage. This technology would facilitate the future

creation of new urban landscapes athletic fields with a
spectator area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large
gathering space for rallies, demonstrations and celebrations,
railway stations, bus stands, subways, airports etc. like
capable of

harnessing human locomotion for electricity

generation. With further demand for energy, man began to

use the wind for sailing ships for driving windmills, the force
of falling water to turn water for sailing ships and for driving
windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water
wheels. Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the
sun supplying solar energy needs of man either directly or
indirectly and that man was using only renewable sources of
energy.

1.2 Project Overview:

called CHANGE as its backbone. The new

The field of Mechanical Engineering has a theme word

technological advancements and the need of the people

have made us think about this project. Nowadays
Power plays an important role in our society.
Particularly in India there is huge demand of power for
human needs.Our project maiden venture into the field
of power generation. This system would be economic
utility at all places to provide power to the needs of the
people in their areas. In this project we are generating
electrical power as non-conventional method by simply
walking or running on the foot step. In construction of
foot operated generator project the reciprocal moment
is converted into rotary motion which generates
electrical energy. The control mechanism carries the
rack & pinion, D.C generator, battery and Nonconventional energy system is very essential at this
Non-conventional energy using
\

time to our nation.

foot step needs no input power to generate the output

of the electrical power. This project using simple drive
mechanism such as rack and pinion assembly and chain
drive mechanism is used to make this project. It is very
useful one in the day to day human activities.

CHAPTER 2
SYNOPSIS

CHAPTER 2 : SYNOPSIS
2.1 Project Description :

RACK &
PINION AND
CHAIN
SPROCKET
\

FOOT STEP
ARRANGEME
NT

DC
GENERATOR

L.E.D LIGHTING
LOAD

2.2 Working Principle :

The pushing power is converted into electrical energy by
proper driving arrangement. The rack & pinion, spring
arrangement is fixed at the inclined step. The spring is
used to return the inclined step in same position by
releasing the load. The pinion shaft is connected to the

supporter by end bearings as shown in fig. The larger

sprocket also coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is

running the same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is
coupled to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain
(cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the
rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller
sprocket is running same direction for the forward and
reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger
sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedalling action.
The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled to the
smaller sprocket shaft. The flywheel is used to increase
the rpm of the smaller sprocket shaft. The gear wheel is
coupled to the generator shaft with the help of another
gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent
magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt
D.C. This D.C voltage can be stored to the Lead-acid 12
\

Volt battery. Then battery is connected to the inverter.

This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the

230 Volt A.C. That 230 Volt A.C voltage is used to
activate the light, fan and etc. Here we are using L.E.D
lights as load to our systems. By increasing the capacity
of battery and inverter circuit, the power rating is
increased. This arrangement is fitted in shopping
complex, college and wherever the large people walking

on the footsteps simultaneously.

CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF
COMPONENTS
CHAPTER 3 :DESCRIPTION OF
COMPONENTS
3.1 Foot Step Platform:

This is made up of mild steel sheet. It is 2.5mm

steel sheet fabricated steel structures of size
991mm x 305mm x 2.5mm. This section is mainly

placed in the crowed areas. This footstep

arrangement is attached with spring section.

3.2 Rack And Pinion:

Rack and pinion gears are used to convert rotation

(From the pinion) into linear motion (of the rack).
A rack and pinion is a type of linear actuator that
comprises a pair of gears which convert rotational
motion into linear motion. The circular pinion engages
teeth on a linear "gear" barthe rack. Rotational motion
applied to the pinion will cause the rack to move to the
side, up to the limit of its travel.

3.3 Chain and Sprocket :

A sprocket is a profiled wheel with teeth that meshes

with a chain, track or other perforated or indented
material. It is distinguished from a gear in that
sprockets are never meshed together directly, and
differs from a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and
pulleys are smooth. The spring is used to return the
inclined step in same position by releasing the load
.The pinion shaft is connected to the supported by end
bearings as shown in fig. The larger sprocket also
coupled with the pinion shaft, so that it is running the
same speed of pinion. The larger sprocket is coupled
to the small cycle sprocket with the help of chain
(cycle). This larger sprocket is used to transfer the
rotation force to the smaller sprocket. The smaller
reverse direction of rotational movement of the larger

sprocket is running same direction for the forward and

sprocket. This action locks like a cycle pedaling

action. The fly wheel and gear wheel is also coupled
to the smaller sprocket shaft.

3.4 D.C.Generator :
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a
device that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy. The reverse conversion of electrical energy into
mechanical energy is done by a motor, motors and
generators have many similarities. The gear wheel is
coupled to the generator shaft with the help of a nother
gear wheel. The generator is used here, is permanent
magnet D.C generator. The generated voltage is 12Volt
D.C.

3.5 Shaft :

shaft and other one is Primary shaft. Both shafts are

In our project there are two shaft is considered i.e. Main

made up of mild steel. It is heavy to with stand the

human load and ends are supported by two end bearings.

3.6 Spring :
In this project spring plays an important role for reverse
action. That means the upward motion is gained by the
spring deflection.

The material of the spring is mild steel.

(Platform).

Here we are using four number of springs in under step

3.7 Gear wheel :

Gears are mechanical parts with cut teeth designed to
mesh with teeth on another part so as to transmit or
receive force and motion. Gears are also sometimes
called toothed wheels or cogged wheels or cogs. The
cut teeth are also sometimes called cogs.

Gears are positive type drives which are used to

transmit motion between two shafts or a shaft and a
component having linear motion, by the meshing of two
or more gears. Their definite velocity ratio is an
advantage over other drives (such as traction drives and
V-belts) in precision machines such as watches that
depend upon an exact velocity ratio. In cases where
an advantage over other drives in the reduced number of

driver and follower are in close proximity gears also have

parts required; the downside is that gears are more

expensive

to

manufacture

and

their

lubrication

requirements may impose a higher operating cost. Gears

of differing size are often used in pairs for a mechanical
advantage, allowing the torque of the driving gear to
produce a larger torque in the driven gear at lower speed,
or a smaller torque at higher speed. The larger gear is
known as a wheel and the smaller as a pinion. This is the
principle of the automobile transmission, allowing
selection between various mechanical advantages.
A vital aspect of two meshed gears is the gear ratio. It is
the ratio of their rotational speeds. A gearbox is not an
amplifier or a servomechanism. Conservation of energy
requires that the amount of power delivered by the output
gear or shaft will never exceed the power applied to the
input gear, regardless of the gear ratio. Work equals the
product of force and distance therefore the small gear is
required to run a longer distance and in the process is
able to exert a larger twisting force or torque, than would
is actually some loss of output power due to friction.The

have been the case if the gears were the same size. There

gearwheel section is attached with the dynamo though

the coupling.

3.8 Light Emitting Diode ( L.E.D ):

The longer lead is the anode (+) and the shorter lead is
the cathode (&minus).
In the schematic symbol for an LED (bottom), the
anodeis on the left and the cathode is on the right. Light
emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in

electronics.

They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and

sizes. For their low price, low consumption and simple
use, they have almost completely pushed aside other light
sources- bulbs at first place.

It is important to know that each diode will be

immediately destroyed unless its current is limited. This
means that a conductor must be connected in parallel to a
diode. In order to correctly determine value of this
conductor, it is necessary to know diodes voltage drop in
forward direction, which depends on what material a
\

diode is made of and what colors it is. Values typical for

the most frequently used diodes are shown in table

below: As seen, there are three main types of LEDs.
Standard ones get full brightness at current of 20mA.
Low Current diodes get full brightness at ten times
lower current while Super Bright diodes produce more
intensive light than Standard ones.

CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES

CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES :
Power generation is simply walking on the step.
Power also generated by running or exercising on the
step.
No of need fuel input.
This is a Non-conventional system Battery is used to

store the generated power.

DISADVANTAGES :
Only applicable for the particular place.
Mechanical moving parts is high.
Initial cost of this arrangement is high.
Care should be taken for batteries.

CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 5
APPLICATIONS
This technology would facilitate the future creation of
new urban landscapes, athletic fields with a spectator
area, music halls, theatres, nightclubs and a large
gathering

space

for

rallies,

demonstrations

and

celebrations, railway stations, bus stands, subways,

airports

etc. like

capable

of

harnessing

human

locomotion for electricity generation. Power generation

using foot step can be used in most of the places such as,
colleges,
schools,

cinema theatres,

Shopping complex and

Many other buildings.

CHAPTER 6
SPECIFICATIONS

CHAPTER 6

SPECIFICATIONS
RACK
Length, l

240mm

Thickness, T

17mm

Module, m

1.6mm

Outer diameter, O.D

60mm

Inner diameter, I.D

20mm

Width, B

25mm

Module, m

1.6mm

Addendum

1.6mm

Dedendum

2mm

Tooth Thickness

2.513mm

Working Depth

3.2mm

Pitch diameter, D1

38mm

PINION

SPRING

Free length, l

120mm

Inner diameter, I.D

32mm

Outer diameter, O.D

36mm

Number of turns, n

10

Wire diameter, W.D

2mm

BIG SPROCKET WHEEL

Inner diameter, I.D

20mm

Outer diameter, O.D

135mm

Number of teeth, n

32 nos

SMALL SPROCKET WHEEL

Inner diameter, I.D

20mm

Outer diameter, O.D

mm

Number of teeth, n

16 nos

SHAFT
=

20mm

Outer diameter, O.D

CHAPTER 7
APPROXIMATE
COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER 7

S.NO NAME OF THE QTY APPROXIMATE

PART
COST (Rs.)
1

Rack and pinion

600

Chain and sprocket

300

Spring

800

Bearing

200

Shaft

600

L Angle and Platform

14 Mt

2000

1 Mt

300

LED Light

12v - Dynamo

Petrol Allowances

__

1000

Fabrication work

__

4000

10

Finishing

__

2000

700

TOTAL COST

APPROXIMATE COST ESTIMATION

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION
Thus this is a promising technology to provide efficient

solution to power crisis to affordable extent. This will be the

most acceptable means of providing power to the places that

involves difficulties in transmission. Moreover jumping
across a power producing platform, then will be fun for idle
people. They can also improve their health by exercising in
such platforms with earning. This can be used for many
applications in rural areas where power availability is less or
totally absence. As India is a developing country where
energy management is a big challenge for huge population.
By using this project we can drive D.C Loads according to
the force.

Hence we have completed the project successfully.

CHAPTER 9
PHOTOGRAPHS
CHAPTER 9
PHOTOGRAPHS

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

CHAPTER 10
DRAWINGS

CHAPTER 10 : DRAWINGS

10.1 Foot step Plat form:

10.2 Rack :

10.3 Pinion :

10.4 Spring :

10.5 Assembled View :

CHAPTER 11
BIBILIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 11 BIBILIOGRAPHY

Websites Referred:
i. http://www.academia.com
ii. http://www.wikipedia.com

iii. http://www.wineyard.in

iv. http://www.efunda.com

Books Referred: