BAN604HeatTransfer

UnitIIntroductiontoHeatTransfer
PartA
1. Defineheattransfer.Whatarethemodesofheattransfer?
2. Whatisconduction?
3. Whatisconduction?Howitdiffersfromconvection?
4. StateFourierlawofconduction.
5. DefineThermalconductivity.
6. Defineoverallheattransfercoefficient.
7. Writedowntheequationforheattransferthroughacompositeplanewall?
8. Definefinsorextendedsurfaces.Statetheapplicationsoffins.
9. DefineFinefficiencyandFineffectiveness.
10. Whatarethefactorsaffectingthethermalconductivity?
PartB
1. Acompositeslabismadeofthreelayers15cm,10cmand12cmthicknessrespectively.The
firstlayerismadeofmaterialwithK=1.45W/mK,for60%oftheareaandtherestofmaterial
withK=2.5W/mK.ThesecondlayerismadeofmaterialwithK=12.5W/mKfor50%ofareaand
restofmaterialwithK=18.5W/mK.ThethirdlayerismadeofsinglematerialofK=0.76W/mK.
Thecompositeslabisexposedononesidetowarmat26oCandcoldairat20oC.Theinsideheat
transfercoefficientis15W/m2K.Theoutsideheattransfercoefficientis20W/m2K.Determine
heatflowrateandinterfacetemperatures.
2. Aconcreteslabismadeofthreelayers0.15m,0.10mand0.12mthicknessrespectively.The
firstlayerismadeofmaterialwithK=0.0145W/cmK,for60%oftheareaandtherestofmaterial
withK=0.025W/cmK.ThesecondlayerismadeofmaterialwithK=0.125W/cmKfor50%of
areaandrestofmaterialwith
K=18.5W/mK.ThethirdlayerismadeofsinglematerialofK=0.76W/mK.Thecompositeslab
isexposedononesidetowarmat299Kandcoldairat253K.Theoutsideheattransferco
efficientis20W/m2K.Theinsideheattransfercoefficientis15W/m2K.Determineheatflowrate
andinterfacetemperatures.
3. Acompositeslabismadeofthreelayersofarea150X100X120mm.Thefirstlayerismadeof
materialwithK=1.45W/mK,for60%oftheareaandtherestofmaterialwithK=2.5W/mK.The
secondlayerismadeofmaterialwithK=12.5W/mKfor50%ofareaandrestofmaterialwith
K=18.5W/mK.ThethirdlayerismadeofsinglematerialofK=0.76W/mK.Thecompositeslab
isexposedononesidetocoldairat20oCandwarmairat299K.Determineheatflowrateand

interfacetemperatures.Theinsideandoutsideheattransfercoefficientis15W/m2Kand20
W/m2K.
4. Analuminiumalloyfinof7mmthickand50mmlongprotrudesfromawall,whichis
maintainedat120oC.Theambientairtemperatureis22oC.Theheattransfercoefficientand
conductivityofthefinmaterialare140W/m2Kand55W/m2Krespectively.Determine
a.

Temperatureattheendofthefin.

b.

Temperatureatthemiddleofthefin.

c.

Totalheatdissipatedbythefin.

5. Analuminiumalloyfinof0.7cmthickand5cmlongprotrudesfromawall,whichis
maintainedat393K.Theambientairtemperatureis295K.Theheattransfercoefficientand
conductivityofthefinmaterialare140W/m2Kand55W/m2Krespectively.Determine
a.

Temperatureattheendofthefin.

b.

Temperatureatthemiddleofthefin.

c.

Totalheatdissipatedbythefin.
UnitIIConductionHeatTransfer
PartA

1. Whatismeantbysteadystateheatconduction?
2. WhatismeantbyTransientheatconductionorunsteadyheatconduction?
3. Whatisperiodicheatflow?
4. Whatisnonperiodicheatflow?
5. WhatismeantbyNewtonianheatingorcoolingprocess?
6. WhatismeantbyLumpedheatanalysis?
7. WhatismeantbySemiinfinitesolids?
8. Whatismeantbyinfinitesolid?
9. DefineBiotnumber.
10. WhatisthesignificanceofBiotNumber?
PartB
1. A50x50cm2aluminiumslabof6mmthickisat400oCinitiallyanditissuddenlyimmersedin
water.Soitssurfacetemperatureisloweredto50oC.Determinethetimerequiredfortheslabto
reach120oC.Takeheattransfercoefficient,h=100W/m2K,

2. Acopperrodofouterdiameter20mminitiallyatatemperatureof380oCissuddenlyimmersed
inwaterat100oC.Determinethetimerequiredfortherodtoreach210oC.Takeconvectiveheat
transfercoefficientis95W/m2K.
3. A250000mm2steelslabof0.006mthickisat400oCinitiallyanditissuddenlyimmersedin
water.Soitssurfacetemperatureisloweredto323K.Takeheattransfercoefficient,h=100
W/m2K.Determinethetimerequiredfortheslabtoreach120oC.
4. Takeconvectiveheattransfercoefficientis95W/m2K.Acopperrodofouterdiameter
2x10^5kminitiallyatatemperatureof653Kissuddenlyimmersedinwaterat373K.Determine
thetimerequiredfortherodtoreach210oC.
5. A5cmthickcopperslabisat200oCinitiallyanditissuddenlyimmersedinwater.Soitssurface
temperatureisloweredto90oC.Inonetestrun,theinitialtemperatureisdecreasedby40oCandthe
timetakenis6minutes.Determinetheheattransfercoefficientbyusinglumpedcapacitymethod
ofanalysis.
UnitIIIConvectiveHeatTransfer
PartA
1. Defineconvection?Whatisforcedconvectionandfreeconvection?
2. StateNewtonslawofconvection.
3. Definethefollowingdimensionlessnumbers(i).Prandtlnumber(ii).Nusseltnumber
4. Definethefollowingdimensionlessnumbers(i).Grashofnumber(ii).Stantonnumber
5. Sketchtheboundarylayerdevelopmentforflowoveraflatplate.
6. Defineboundarylayerthickness.
7. Whatishydrodynamicboundarylayerandthermalboundarylayer?
8. Writeapracticalapplicationoffreeconvectioninaerospaceindustry.
9. Writeapracticalapplicationofforcedconvectioninaerospaceindustry.
10. Howconvectiondiffersfromconductionandradiation?
PartB
1.
Averticalplateof40cmlongismaintainedat800Candisexposedtoairat220C.Calculate
thefollowing(i).Boundarylayerthicknessatthetrailingedgeoftheplate,(ii).Thesameplateis
placedinawindtunnelandairisblownoveritatavelocityof5m/s.Calculateboundarylater
thickness,(iii).Averageheattransfercoefficientfornaturalandforcedconvectionforthegiven
data.
2.
Averticalplateof0.4mlongismaintainedat80oCandisexposedtoairat295.15K.
Calculatethefollowing(i).Boundarylayerthicknessatthetrailingedgeoftheplate,(ii).Thesame
plateisplacedinawindtunnelandairisblownoveritatavelocityof18km/hr.Calculate

boundarylaterthickness,(iii).Averageheattransfercoefficientfornaturalandforcedconvection
fortheabovementioneddata.
3.
Athin100cmlongand10cmwidehorizontalplateismaintainedatauniformtemperature
o
of150 Cinalargetankfullofwaterat75oCbesuppliedtotheplatetomaintainconstantplate
temperatureasheatisdissipatedfromeithersideoftheplate.
4.
Airat20oCatatmosphericpressureflowsoveraflatplateatavelocityof3m/s.Iftheplate
is1mwideand80oC,calculatethefollowingatx=300mm(i).Hydrodynamicboundarylayer
thickness(ii).Thermalboundarylayerthickness(iii).Localfrictioncoefficient(iv).Averagefriction
coefficient(v).Localheattransfercoefficient(vi).Averagehesttransfercoefficient(vii).Heat
transfer.
5.
Airat20oCatatmosphericpressureflowsoveraflatplateatavelocityof3.5m/s.Ifthe
plateis0.5mwideand60oC,calculatethefollowingatx=400mm(i).Hydrodynamicboundary
layerthickness(ii).Thermalboundarylayerthickness(iii).Localfrictioncoefficient(iv).Average
frictioncoefficient(v).Localheattransfercoefficient(vi).Averagehesttransfercoefficient
(vii).Heattransfer.
UnitIVRadiativeHeattransferandheatExchangers
PartA
1. Whatismeantbyshapefactorandmentionitsphysicalsignificance
2. StateKirchhoffslawofradiation
3. Defineabsorptivity,reflectivityandtransmissivity?
4. Whatismeantbyblackbodyandgreybody?
5. StatePlancksdistributionlaw.
6. Whatisthepurposeofradiationshield?
7. Whatisheatexchanger?Writethetypesofheatexchangers?
8. Sketchthetemperaturevariationinparallelflowheatexchanger.
9. Sketchthetemperaturevariationincounterflowheatexchanger.
10. WhatismeantbyFoulingfactor?
PartB
1. Ablackbodyat3000Kemitsradiation.Calculatethefollowing(i).Monochromaticemissive
powerat1mwavelength,(ii).Wavelengthatwhichemissionismaximum,(iii).Maximum
emissivepower,(iv).Totalemissivepower,(v).Calculatethetotalemissiveofthefurnaceifitis
assumedasarealsurfacehavingemissivityequalto0.85.
2. Emissivitiesoftwolargeparallelplatesmaintainedat800oCand300oCare0.3and0.5
respectively.Findnetradiantheatexchangepersquaremetrefortheseplates.Findthepercentage

reductioninheattransferwhenapolishedaluminiumradiationshieldofemissivity0.06isplaced
betweenthem.Alsofindthetemperatureoftheshield.
3. Inadoublepipeheatexchanger,hotfluidwithaspecificheatof2300J/kgKentersat653Kand
leavesat573K.Coldfluidentersat298Kandleavesat483K.Calculatetheheatexchangerarea
requiredforcounterflowandwhatwouldbethepercentageofincreaseinareaiffluidflowswere
parallel.Takeoverallheattransfercoefficientis750X104W/cm2andmassflowrateofhotfluidis
60kg/min.
4. Ablackbodyat2727oCemitsradiation.Calculatethefollowing(i).Monochromaticemissive
powerat0.01x102mwavelength,(ii).Wavelengthatwhichemissionismaximum,
(iii).Maximumemissivepower,(iv).Totalemissivepower,(v).Calculatethetotalemissiveofthe
furnaceifitisassumedasarealsurfacehavingemissivityequalto0.85.
5. Inadoublepipeheatexchanger,hotfluidwithaspecificheatof2300J/kgKentersat380oCand
leavesat300oC.Coldfluidentersat25oCandleavesat210oC.Calculatetheheatexchangerarea
requiredforcounterflowandwhatwouldbethepercentageofincreaseinareaiffluidflowswere
parallel.Takeoverallheattransfercoefficientis750W/m2andmassflowrateofhotfluidis1kg/s.
UnitVHeatTransferProblemsinAerospaceEngineering
PartA
1. Whatisablativematerial?
2. Whatisreentryvehicle?
3. Listoutsomeoftheheattransferproblemsinaerospaceengineering.
4. WriteshortnotesonApollomodule.
5. WhatisAerodynamicheating?
6. Whatisathermalboundarylayer?
7. Statethelimitationsofjetengines.
8. Whatarethetypesofrocketbasedonpropellantused?
9. Writedownthethrustequationforarocketengine.
10. Writedownthetypesofinjectorsusedinrocketthrustchambers.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PartB
Explainthedifferenttypesofcoolingsystemsingasturbine?
Whatisaerodynamicheating?Explainitsimpactonreentryvehiclesindetail.
Explainindetailabouttheablativematerialsusedinreentryvehicles.
WriteindetailabouttheApollomission.
Whatisaninjector?Explainthefactorsinfluencingtheinjectorbehaviorindetail.