D

Subject Code: BS-111

Roll No.:

Subject: Engineering Mathematics-I

Dated: 02nd Dec, 2009
[9.00AM-12.00 Noon]

Class: B.Tech./B. Arch.

Time : 20 min.

M. Marks : 10.

Note : Attempt All questions. Return this original sheet within 20 minutes. No overwriting, no cutting is allowed. 0.5 marks will be
deducted for indicated incorrect response of each question. No deduction from the total score will be made if no response
is indicated. Use blue/black Ball Pen only. Use of pencil is strictly prohibited. Exchange of calculators is not allowed.
Some questions can have more than one option correct.

Q.No
.
1.

Select the correct answer(s) in each of the following questions:

xn
(2n )!
The behaviour of infinite series
, ( x 0 ),
(a) converges for all values of x

2.

(b) depend on values of x

(c) does not depend on values of x (d) converges for some values of x
z
z
x
y
3
2
3
y is
If z x 3x y y , then x
(a) 6z

(b) 5z (c) 4z (d) 3z

dxdydz

3.

x 2 y 2 z 2 1

The integral

converted into the following integral(s) by changing to

spherical polar co-ordinates

(a)

I
0

I
4.

J drdd
(b)

J drdd

/ 2

I
I

J drdd

J drdd

0 0 0
0
0 0
(c)
(d)
If is a solution of the Laplaces equation, then is

(a) neither solenoidal nor irrotational (b) both solenoidal and irrotational
5.

(c) solenoidal but not irrotational

(d) only irrotational but not solenoidal
An solenoidal field F is characterized by the following conditions:
Write down the correct options:
. F 0 .
(b) F 0
(a)
(c) F , if the domain is simply connected.
(d) F V .

(e) Flux

F. N ds

across every closed surface is zero

Q.No
.
Ans.

6.

(f) .Circulation
1

F.dR along every closed curve is zero.

2

Fill in the blanks:

u
If n is convergent and

un

is ., then

7.

conditionally convergent.
Name the shape which the following figures represent:

8.

. .F F ..................

9.

[Transformation of polar form to cartesian form]

The integral

10.

u n is

r 3 sin cos drd

reduces to

(.......)dx
dy

...... ............

by supposing that the strip is parallel to x-axis.

State weather the following statement is true or false:
If A and B are irrotational, then A B is always solenoidal as well as irrotational.
.....

.............

Roll No.:
Subject Code: BS-111
Semester-1st

Subject: Engineering Mathematics-I

Dated: 02nd Dec, 2009
[9.00AM-12.00 Noon]

Time: 2 Hours 40 min.

Maximum Marks: 40

Note : Attempt All questions. Marks are given against each question. Cross all the blank pages and blank
portions of the answer book. No extra sheet will be supplied. Exchange of calculators is not allowed.

Section A (Infinite Series)

Q.No.1. State DAlemberts ratio test and hence examine the behaviour of the infinite series

n 1

n3 a
2n a .

(1+2)

Q.No.2. Show that an absolutely convergent series is necessarily convergent but not conversely.
sin x
3

Hence prove that the series 1

sin 2 x
2

sin 3x
3

sin 4 x
43

..........

converges.

(1+1+1)

Section B (Differential Calculus)

Q.No.3. Write down the equations of the following curves and draw the rough sketch of these
curves without discussing any salient points:
Cissoid, Folium of Descartes, Astroid, Cycloid, Equiangular Spiral, Cardioid.

dx
2

Q.No.4. If x y z 2xyz 1 . Show that

1 x2

dy
1 y2

dz
1 z2

(3)

0
.

(3)

Q.No.5. A wire of length b is cut into two parts, which are bent in the form of a square and circle
respectively. Find the least value of the sum of the areas so found by using
Lagranges method.

(3)
Section C (Integral Calculus)

Q.No.6. Evaluate

2
x y dxdy
R

, where R is the parallelogram in the xy-plane with

vertices (1, 0), (3, 1), (2, 2), (0, 1) using the transformation u x y and
v x 2y .

Q.No.7. Using the concept of double integrals, find the volume bounded by the paraboloid

(3)

x 2 y 2 az , the cylinder x 2 y 2 2ay and the plane z = 0.

(3)

Q.No.8. By transforming into cylindrical coordinates evaluate the integral

y 2 z 2 dxdydz

2
2
taken over the region 0 z x y 1 .

(3)

Section D (Vector Calculus)

2 2 4
Q.No.9. (a) In what direction from 3, 1, 2 is the directional derivative of x y z

maximum? Find also the magnitude of this maximum.

(2+1)

(b) Discuss the physical interpretation of divergence of a vector point function.

(3)

Q.No.10. (a) Using the concept of surface integral, calculate the flux of water through the parabolic
2
cylinder y x , between the planes x = 0, z = 0, x = 3, z = 2 if the velocity vector is

A y I 2 J xz K m/sec.

(3)

(b) State divergence theorem and hence evaluate

F.dS

, where

F y 2 z 2 I z 2 x 2 J x 2 y 2 K and S is the upper part of the sphere

x 2 y 2 z 2 a 2 above XOY plane.

(1+4)

2
2
(c) A vector field is given by F x y x I 2xy y J .

Show that the field is irrotational and find its scalar potential.
Hence, evaluate the line integral from (2, 1) to (1, 2).
*** *** *** *** ***
*** *** ***
***

(3)

A
Subject Code: BS-111

Roll No.:

Subject: Engineering Mathematics-I

Dated: 02nd Dec, 2009
[9.00AM-12.00 Noon]

Class: B.Tech./B. Arch.

Time : 20 min.

M. Marks : 10.

Note : Attempt All questions. Return this original sheet within 20 minutes. No overwriting, no cutting is allowed. 0.5 marks will be
deducted for indicated incorrect response of each question. No deduction from the total score will be made if no response
is indicated. Use blue/black Ball Pen only. Use of pencil is strictly prohibited. Exchange of calculators is not allowed.
Some questions can have more than one option correct.

Q.No
.
1.

Select the correct answer(s) in each of the following questions:

xn
(2n )!
The behaviour of infinite series
, ( x 0 ),
(a) depend on values of x

2.

(b) does not depend on values of x

(c) converges for some values of x (d) converges for all values of x
z
z
x
y
3
2
3
y is
If z x 3x y y , then x
(a) 1z

(b) 2z (c) 3z (d) 4z

dxdydz

3.

x 2 y 2 z 2 1

The integral

converted into the following integral(s) by changing to

spherical polar co-ordinates

(a)

I
0

I
4.

J drdd

I
(b)

J drdd

/2

J drdd
1

J drdd

0
0
0
0
0
0
(c)
(d)
If is a solution of the Laplaces equation, then is

(a) solenoidal but not irrotational

5.

(b) only irrotational but not solenoidal

(c) both solenoidal and irrotational (d) neither solenoidal nor irrotational
An solenoidal field F is characterized by the following conditions:
Write down the correct options:
F 0.
(b) . F 0
(a)
(c) F V .
(d) F , if the domain is simply connected.
(e) Circulation

F.dR along every closed curve is zero.

F. N ds

Q.No
.
Ans.

6.

(f) Flux
1

across every closed surface is zero.

2
3

b, d

Fill in the blanks:

u
If n is convergent and

a, b

un

7.

8.

Equiangular Spiral or Logarithmic Spiral

. .F F 2 F

9.

[Transformation of polar form to cartesian form]

The integral

.............

............

.....

......

10.

b, c, f

is divergent, then

convergent.
Name the shape which the following figures represent:

r 3 sin cos drd

reduces to

(.......)dx dy

a 2 y2

a 2 y2

xy
dx
dy

by supposing that the strip is parallel to x-axis.

State weather the following statement is true or false:
If A and B are irrotational, then A B is solenoidal. (True)

u n is

conditionally

Roll No.:
Subject Code: BS-111
Semester-1st

Subject: Engineering Mathematics-I

Dated: 02nd Dec, 2009
[9.00AM-12.00 Noon]

Time: 2 Hours 40 min.

Maximum Marks: 40

Note : Attempt All questions. Marks are given against each question. Cross all the blank pages and blank
portions of the answer book. No extra sheet will be supplied. Exchange of calculators is not allowed.

ection A (Infinite Series)

Q.No.1. State DAlemberts ratio test and hence examine the behaviour of the infinite series

n3 a

n 1

Sol.: Here

2n a .

un

(1+2)

n3 1
n n 1 and

u n 1

(n 1) 1
(n 1) n 1 1 . Now

1
n3 1
n

nn 1 n
n
u
(n 1) 1 n 1
n 0 1
Lim n 1 Lim

Lim

n

1
3
n
1
n u n
n (n 1)

1 n 1 n n
1
1

n3 1 3
n n 1 1 n
n

n
n

u
Hence the given series n is convergent. [by DAlemberts ratio test].
Q.No.2. Show that an absolutely convergent series is necessarily convergent but not conversely.
sin x sin 2 x sin 3x sin 4 x
3 3
..........
3
3
1
2
3
4
Hence prove that the series
converges.
(1+1+1)
u
un
Proof: Let n be an absolutely convergent series
is convergent.
u u 2 u 3 .... u n ... u1 u 2 u 3 ...... u n ...
Also we know 1
.
The series on the R.H.S. is convergent.
Hence, the given series is also convergent.
3

The converse of this result is not true.

Now we can prove this result with the help of the following example:

Example: Let us consider this series

1 1 1
......
2 3 4
.

1 n 1 u n 1 n 1 n

The given series is

1
1
n 1 n
u n 1 u n
n 1 n
.
Thus u n 1 u n for n 1

, which is an alternating series.

1
0
n n
.

Lim u n Lim

i.e. each term is numerically less than its preceding term and n
Hence, by Leibnitz's rule, the given alternating series is convergent.
1 1 1
1
u n 1 2 3 4 ...... n
Also
.
Hence by p-series test, this absolute series is divergent.
This result shows that a convergent series is not necessarily absolutely convergent.
Hence, an absolutely convergent series is necessarily convergent but not conversely.

sin nx
u

n 1 n 1 n 3
n 1
IInd Part: The given series is n 1
.

sin nx
u

n n3
n 1
The absolute series of given alternating series is n 1
.
sin nx
sin nx
1
un

n3
n3
n 3 n
Now since
1

n 3 is convergent (by p-series test, p>1).

and we know that
Therefore when higher series is convergent then smaller series is also convergent.
u
Thus the absolute series n is convergent.
Hence the given alternating series converges absolutely.
Since, an absolutely convergent series is necessarily convergent.
Hence the given alternating series is convergent.
Section B (Differential Calculus)
Q.No.3. Write down the equations of the following curves and draw the rough sketch of these
curves without discussing any salient points:
Cissoid, Folium of Descartes, Astroid, Cycloid, Equiangular Spiral, Cardioid.
1. Cissoid:

y a x x
2

y-axis
x=a

Double tangent

x-axis

y-axis

2. Folium of Descartes:

y=x
3a 3a
,

2 2

x 3 y 3 3axy or x 3 y 3 3axy

xya 0

(0, 0)

x-axis

(3)

3. Astroid or Four cusped hypocycloid:

x

2/3
2/3
2/3
x
y
a
or a

2/3

y-axis

2/3

cusp (0, a)

x-axis

(a, 0)
cusp

cusp

x a sin , y a 1 cos

4. Cycloid:

cusp

y-axis

vertex

(0, 2a)
cusp

cusp

x-axis

a, 0
5. Equiangular Spiral:

6. Cardioid:

a, 0

Base

r ae cot

r a 1 cos

0
axis

dx
2
2
2
Q.No.4. If x y z 2xyz 1 . Show that
2
2
2
Sol.: Given x y z 2 xyz 1 .

1 x2

dy
1 y2

dz
1 z2

2
2
2
Let u x y z 2 xyz 1 0 .
Here u be an implicit function du 0 .
Here u be a function of x , y and z, i.e. u = f(x, y, z).
u
u
u
du
dx dy dz
x
y
z
Then the total differential of u is

u
u
u
dx dy dz 0
y
z
x
.

0
.

(3)

...(i)

[by (i)]

....(ii)

u u
u
Evaluate: x , y and z .
2
2
2
Since u x y z 2 xyz 1 .
u
u
u
2 y xz

2 x yz
2 z xy

y
x
,
and z
.

yz

dx

xz

dy

xy

dz
0.
Hence (ii) becomes
Find: x yz , y xz

....(iii)

and z xy .

2
2
2
Since we have given x y z 2 xyz 1
x 2 2 xyz 1 y 2 z 2 x 2 2 xyz y 2 z 2 1 y 2 z 2 y 2 z 2

x yz 2 1 y 2 1 z 2

x yz

1 y 1 z .
2

1 x 1 z
z xy 1 x 2 1 y 2 .
and
1 y 1 z dx 1 x 1 z dy 1 x 1 y dz 0 .
Hence (iii) becomes
1 x 2 1 y2 1 z2 , we get
Last step: Dividing by
Similarly,

y xz

dx
1 x

dy
1 y

dz
1 z2

.
Q.No.5. A wire of length b is cut into two parts, which are bent in the form of a square and circle
respectively. Find the least value of the sum of the areas so found by using
Lagranges method.
(3)
Sol.: Let x and y be two parts into which the given wire is cut so that x + y = b.
x
Suppose the piece of wire of length x is bent into a square so that each side is 4 and thus the area of
x x x2
the square is 4 . 4 = 16 .
Suppose the wire of length y is bent into a circle with perimeter y. So the area of this circle so
formed is
2

y 2 y 2
y
y
radius
2
2 radius y radius
2

4
2 .
.
Since
Thus to find the minimum of the sum of the two areas subject to the constraint that sum
x +y = b.
Let F f , where is Lagranges's multipliers.
2

x 2 y2
x y b

16 4

.
F x
0
Then x 8
F y

0
y 2
Solving, we get x 8 , y 2 .
F ( x , y

R(1, 1)

v-axis
OQ(1, -2)

Substituting these values in the constraint condition x +y = b, we get

b

8 2 b
8 2 .
8b
2b
x 8
y 2
8 2 and
8 2 .
Thus
Thus the least value of the sum of the areas of the square and circle is
S(4, 1)
x2 y2
64b 2
4 2 b 2
4b 2
b 2

8b
F ( x , y

2
16 4 x
4 8 2 2 4 4 2 4 4 2

8 2 16 8 2
y

4b 2 b 2
4 4 2

b2
4 4

2 b
8 2

. Ans.

P(4, -2)

Section C (Integral Calculus)

x y dxdy
Q.No.6. Evaluate R
u-axis , where R is the parallelogram in the xy-plane with
u x y and
vertices
C(2, (1,
2) 0), (3, 1), (2, 2), (0, 1) using the transformation
v x 2y .
(3)

R
Sol.: The region R, i. e.
parallelogram ABCD in the xy-plane becomes the region
, i. e. rectangle
y-axis
RSPQ in the uv-plane, as shown in the figure, by taking
u 1)
x y and v x 2 y
D(0,
B(3, 1)
(i)
2

O A(1, 0)

x-axis

1
2u v y 1 u v
3
3
,
.
x
2 1
v 3 3 2 1 3 1
y
1
1
9 9
9
3

v
3
3
.

From (i), we have

x
x , y u
J

y
u, v
u
1
J
3.
Thus

1 u3
1

u
du
dv

. v 2 21

3 3
1

1
Hence, the given integral R
. Ans.
Q.No.7. Using the concept of double integrals, find the volume bounded by the paraboloid

1
u J dudv
3 2
2

x 2 y 2 az , the cylinder x 2 y 2 2ay and the plane z = 0.

x 2 y2
V zdxdy
dxdy
a
Sol.: The required volume
,

(3)

2
2
over the circle x y 2ay .

z-axis

x 2 y 2 2ay

y-axis

x-axis

To change cartesian co-ordinates (x, y) to polar co-ordinates (r, ),

we have put x r cos , y r sin and
x
r
x, y
y
J
r,
r

Then

Rx y

x
cos r sin

y
sin r cos
r cos 2 sin 2 r .

f x , y dxdy f r cos , rsin .r dr d

R r

.
2

r
z
2
2
x

az

a and the polar equation of the circle is r 2a sin .

Paraboloid
To cover the circle, r varies from 0 to 2a sin and varies from 0 to .
2 a sin
2a sin 2

1
x 2 y2
r
3

r
dr
d

dxdy
.
r
d

dr
a

a 0 0
a

0
0
Required volume
2a sin

/ 2
1 r4

3

d

4
a
sin 4 d 4a 3.2
sin 4 d

a0 4

0
0

0
3
3a
3 1
8a 3

2 . Cubic units Ans.
4 2 2

Q.No.8. By transforming into cylindrical coordinates evaluate the integral

2
2
2
x y z dxdydz taken over the region 0 z x 2 y2 1 .
(3)
Sol.: We have to solve this problem by changing rectangular co-ordinates (x, y, z) to cylindrical coordinates , , z .

As we know, when we change rectangular co-ordinates (x, y, z) to cylindrical co-ordinates , , z ,

we have put x cos , y sin , z = z and
x

x , y, z z
J
, , z

x
cos sin 0
z
y
sin cos 0
z
z
0
0
1
z
cos 2 sin 2 .

f x, y, z dxdydz f cos , sin , z .dddz

Then
1

R xyz

R z

1 2 1

y 2 z 2 dxdydz

=0

cos 2 r 2 sin 2 z 2 rdrd dz

0 0

2
2
where R: circular region bounded by the circle of radius one and centre at origin: x y 1 , so
that r varies from 0 to 1 and varies from 0 to 2 .
1 2 1

Thus

cos r sin z rdrd dz

0 0

1 2

1 2 1

r4 r2 2

z ddz
4 2

3 1

z 1z

2.
4 2 3

1 2

rz 2 drddz

0 0

1 1 2
1 1 2
z ddz 2. z dz
4 2
4 2
0

5
1 1
2.
6 Ans.
4 6

Section D (Vector Calculus)

2 2 4
Q.No.9. (a) In what direction from 3, 1, 2 is the directional derivative of x y z
maximum? Find also the magnitude of this maximum.
2 2 4
Sol.: Given x y z





Then I
J K
I
x 2 y2z 4 J
x 2 y2z 4 K
x 2 y2z 4
x
y
z
x
y
z

I 2 xy 2 z 4 J 2 yx 2 z 4 K 4z 3x 2 y 2

96 I 288 J 288 K

96 I 3 J 3 K . Ans.

at 3, 1, 2

(2+1)

96
I

3
J

3
K

2 2 4

x
y
z
from
Thus, the directional derivative of
is maximum in the direction of
the point 3, 1, 2 .

2 2 4
IInd Part: Since we know that the directional derivative of x y z is maximum along its
96 1 9 9 96 19 . Ans.
normal, so its magnitude is
(b) Discuss the physical interpretation of divergence of a vector point function.
(3)

Physical interpretation of divergence: (div V)

Consider the motion of the fluid having velocity

at a point P x, y, z .
Then consider a small parallelopiped with edges x , y, z parallel to the axes, in the mass of fluid,
with one of its corner at P.
V vx I v y J vz K

z-axis

Small parallelopiped
C
B/

vy

P/
z
P
y
x

A
O

A/

vy + y
B

C/

y-axis

The amount of fluid entering the face PB in unit time v y zx

v y yzx
and the amount of fluid leaving the face PB in unit time
v y

vy
y z x

(nearly)
Therefore, the net decrease of the amount of fluid due to flow across these two faces
v y

x y z
y
.
Similarly, we can find the contributions of other two pairs of faces.
v x
v z
x y z
x y z.
i.e. the contributions of other two pairs of faces are x
and z
Then, the total decrease of amount of fluid inside the parallelopiped per unit time
v y v z
v
x

x y z
y
z
x
.
x-axis

 v x v y v z

div V

Thus, the rate of loss of fluid per unit volume in unit time
.
div
V
Hence, if V is the velocity of fluid, then
gives the rate at which fluid is originating at a point
per unit volume in unit time.
Similarly, if V represents an electric flux, then div V is the amount of flux which diverges
per unit volume in unit time.
If V represents heat flux, then div V is the rate at which heat is issuing from a point per unit
volume.
In general, the divergence of a vector point function representing any physical quantity
gives at each point, the rate per unit volume at which the physical quantity is issuing from that
point. This explains the justification for the name divergence of vector point function.
If the fluid is incompressible fluid, then there can be no gain or no loss in the volume
element. Hence, div V 0 .
This is known as the equation of continuity for incompressible fluid in hydrodynamics.
From this discussion, we should conclude and remember that, roughly speaking, the
divergence measures outflow minus inflow.
Q.No.10. (a) Using the concept of surface integral, calculate the flux of water through the parabolic
2
cylinder y x , between the planes x = 0, z = 0, x = 3, z = 2 if the velocity vector is

A y I 2 J xz K m/sec.
(3)
Sol.: Since we know that, the flux of water through the parabolic cylinder is evaluated by the
formula

F.dS

F. N ds

=S

2
where N is a unit vector normal to the parabolic surface i.e. f ( x, y) x y 0 .

f
2x I J
N

f
4x 2 1 .

2x I J

2 xy 2
F. N y I 2 J zx K .

4x 2 1
4x 2 1 .
dxdz
dxdz
ds

2
N . J 1/ 4x 1
Also
.
2
3
2

2xy 2
dxdz

F
.
d
S

F
.
N
ds

4x 2 1 1 / 4x 2 1

0 0
S
S
Hence
2
3

2xx 2 2 dx dz
0 0

2x

2 dx dz

x4
2
2 x dz

4
0

4x 2 1

2xy 2 dx dz

N.J

y x
2

81
2 6 dz

69

dz 69 2
z 0

2 0
2
69 m3/sec. Ans.

F.dS

2 2
2 2
2 2
(b) State divergence theorem and hence evaluate
, where F y z I z x J x y K
2
2
2
2
and S is the upper part of the sphere x y z a above XOY plane.
(1+4)
S

Gauss Divergence Theorem:

(Relation between surface and volume integrals)
Statement: If F is a continuously differentiable vector function in the region E bounded by the
closed surface S, then

F. N ds

div Fdv

where N is the unit vector external normal at any point of S.

Sol.: Applying Gauss Divergence theorem, which states that if F is a continuously differentiable
vector function in the region E bounded by the closed surface S, then

F. N ds

div Fdv

where N is the unit external normal vector at any point of S.

F . N ds

div F dv F . N ds

F . N ds

div F dv

E
S
S1
E
Here SS1
,
where S is the upper part of the sphere and S1 is the lower part of the sphere i.e. circle.

2 2
2 2
2 2
Here F y z I z x J x y K .

div F .F . y 2 z 2 I z 2 x 2 J x 2 y 2 K

I
J
K . y 2 z 2 I z 2 x 2 J x 2 y 2 K
y
z
x

0 .

F . N ds
S

S
y-axis

F . N ds

S1

div F dv 0

S1

F . N ds F . N ds
S

z-axis

x-axis

S1

F . N ds F . N ds F . K ds F . K ds 4

S
S1
S1
S1
0
a

a 2 y 2

y 2 dy.

a 2 y2

x 2 y 2 dxdy

Put

y a sin , and so dy a cos d and varies from 0 to

4
3

/2

2 , we get

cos3 a sin 2 a cos d

4a 6

/ 2

cos 4 sin 2 d

4a 6 3.1.1
a 6

. Ans.
3 6.4.2 2
24

2
2
(c) A vector field is given by F x y x I 2 xy y J .
Show that the field is irrotational and find its scalar potential.
Hence, evaluate the line integral from (2, 1) to (1, 2).

0
z

x 2 y 2 x 2 xy y

(3)

Sol.: (i): Since

. This vector field is irrotational.
(ii): Since the vector field is irrotational F can be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential

x 2 y 2 x I 2 xy y J
I J
x
y
i. e. F

x 2 y2 x
x

2xy y

y
and
.
Integrating (i) w. r. t. x, keeping y constant, we get
x3
x2

y2x
f y
3
2
.
Similarly, integrating (ii) w. r. t. y, keeping x constant, we get
y2
xy 2
g x
2
.
Equating (iii) and (iv), we get
x3
x2
y2
2
2
y x
f y xy
g x
3
2
2
y2
x3 x 2
f y
g x

2 and
3
2 .

x3
x 2 y2
xy 2

3
2
2 . Ans.
Hence,
(iii): Since the vector field F is irrotational, then
F.dR from (2, 1) to (1, 2)= 1, 2 2, 1
1 4 8
4 1
1
1
1 4 2 1 7
2 2 3
2 2
3 . Ans.
3

(i)
(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

*** *** *** *** ***

*** *** ***
***