ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM USING GSM

AND GPS
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SREEJITH NAIR
PRINCE MATHEW
GINTU CHACKO
VISHNU P.R.

In partial fulfillment of the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

2011-2015

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KOTTAYAM

ACCIDENT ALERT SYSTEM USING GSM

AND GPS
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
SREEJITH NAIR
PRINCE MATHEW
GINTU CHACKO
VISHNU P.R.

Under the guidance of

Mr. SHINOJ K. SUKUMARAN
In partial fulfillment of the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

2011-2015

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, KOTTAYAM

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

RAJIV GANDHI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KOTTAYAM-686 501

Certificate
This is to certify that the report entitled ACCIDENT ALERT
SYSTEM USING GSM AND GPS is a bonafide record of Graduate Project presented by SREEJITH NAIR(Reg.No:11013453)
,PRINCE MATHEW (Reg.No:11013438),GINTU CHACKO
(Reg.No:11013423) ,VISHNU P.R.(Reg.No:11013460) during
the year 2014-2015. This report is submitted to Mahatma Gandhi
University, Kottayam in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics And Communication Engineering.

GUIDE

CO-ORDINATOR

HOD

Accident Alert System Using GSM And GPS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very thankful to Mr. Shinoj K. Sukumaran, (Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.RIT) for his careful guidance and warm support
throughout the project work. His suggestions have helped this work
take its existing form.
We would like to thank Dr. K. P. Indiradevi, the Principal, RIT
Kottayam. and Dr. Leena Mary, the Head of the ECE Department,
RIT Kottayam for providing the facilities and the right atmosphere
for doing this work.
We are thankful to Mr.Umesh, staf advisor for his valuable suggestions, inspiration and motivation.We are also thankful to all the
teaching and non teaching stafs in Electronics and Communication
Department for their timely assistance.
Above all, We are indebted to the Almighty for bestowing his blessings
through each phase of our work.
SREEJITH NAIR
PRINCE MATHEW
VISHNU P.R.
GINTU CHACKO

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ABSTRACT

The rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our

lives easier. The advent of technology has also increased the traffic
hazards and the road accidents take place frequently which causes
huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Our project will provide an optimum solution to this drawback. An
accelerometer can be used in a car alarm application so that dangerous driving can be detected. It can be used as a crash or roll over
detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With signals from
an accelerometer, a severe accident can be recognized. According to
this project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately force
sensor will detect the signal or if a car rolls over, and Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor will detects the signal and sends it to
mirocontroller. Microcontroller sends the alert message through the
GSM MODEM including the location to police control room or a rescue team. So the police can immediately trace the location through
the GPS MODEM,after receiving the information. Then after conforming the location necessary action will be taken. If the person
meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyones
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch
provided in order to avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical
rescue team. This paper is useful in detecting the accident precisely
by means of both force sensor and Micro electro Mechanical system
(MEMS) or accelerometer. As there is a scope for improvement and as
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a future implementation we can add a wireless webcam for capturing

the images which will help in providing drivers assistance.

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Contents
1 INTRODUCTION

2 LITERATURE SURVEY

3 WORKING

3.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

6
8

4.1

PIC 18F4550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

4.3

GSM

4.4

ACCELEROMETER-ADXL335 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.5
4.6

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

FORCE SENSOR-FSR 400

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

GAS SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5 CONCLUSION

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List of Figures
3.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.1

PIC 18F4550 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

GPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4.3

ACCELEROMETER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.4

FORCE SENSOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
The high demand of automobiles has also increased the traffic hazards and the
road accidents. Life of the people is under high risk.This is because of the lack of
best emergency facilities available in our country. An automatic alarm device for
vehicle accidents is introduced in this paper. This design is a system which can
detect accidents insignificantly less time and sends the basic information to first aid
centre within a few seconds covering geographical coordinates, the time and angle

in which a vehicle accident had occurred. An alert message is sent to the rescue
team in a short time, which will help in saving the valuable lives. A Switch is also
provided in order to terminate the sending of a message in rare case where there is

no casualty, this can save the precious time of the medical rescue team. When the
accident occurs the alert message is sent automatically to the rescue team and to
the police station. The message is sent through the GSM module and the location
of the accident is detected with the help of the GPS module. The accident can be
detected precisely with the help of both Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS)
sensor and vibration sensor. The Angle of the rolls over of the car can also be known

by the message through the MEMS sensor. This application provides the optimum
solution to poor emergency facilities provided to the roads accidents in the most

feasible way.

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Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
According to [1],Road accidents constitute the major part of the accident deaths all
over the world. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), new
cars and its high-tech safety features have helped to lessen auto related deaths over
the past 12 years. Though it credits technology for lessening auto accidents, yet the
IIHS cannot help accusing bad driving behaviours like drunken driving, speeding
and not using seatbelts for still causing major traffic deaths. Automatic vehicle accident detection and messag-ing system is an embedded intelligence implanted into
the auto-mobile . The purpose of the project is to find the vehicle where it is and
locate the vehicle by means of sending a message using a system which is placed
inside of vehicle system Most of the times we may not be able to find accident location because we dont know where accident will happen. In order to give treatment
for in-jured people, first we need to know where the accident hap-pened through
location tracking and sending a message to your related one or to the emergency
services. So in this work we are using the basic microcontroller AT89C52 for cost
effective and also for easy understanding. Here we used assembly program-ming for
better accuracy and GPS and GSM modules which helps to trace the vehicle anywhere on the globe. The exact location of the vehicle is sent to our remote devices
(mobile phones) using GSM modem.

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According to [2],Significant changes in patterns and intensity of freight movements

are occurring as a result of technological and societal change and the growth in
e-business, the environmental consequences of road based transport systems, and
urban land use and transport systems management policies. One significant problem for transport and urban policy formulation is the Browne-Allen dilemma of
conflicting objectives relating to urban freight operators and their customers on one
side, and the community on the other. The City Logistics paradigm is one approach
to resolving this problem. City Logistics is the study of the dynamic management
and operations of urban freight transport and distribution systems, aimed at multiobjective optimisation of the overall performance of urban freight systems in terms of
public and private economic outcomes, congestion management and environmental
impacts. City Logistics seeks to deliver a win-win for business and the community
by ensuring optimum productivity, reliability and customer service whilst reducing environmental impacts, air pollution emissions, energy consumption and traffic
congestion. Current research is being directed at building city logistics systems simulation models that optimise transport logistics efficiency under congested urban
traffic conditions, and that reflect the unique commercial, traffic and urban form
characteristics of Australian cities. A case study for Sydney involving the evaluation of likely impacts of transport policies aimed at mitigating the environmental
impacts of urban freight transport was presented. Whilst this case study provided a
simulation of freight transport performance under different policy scenarios and did
not therefore seek the optimal outcomes that a full City logistics analysis would, it
was able to point towards certain policy directions that may be appropriate to this
end.
According to [3],The proposed system consists of in-vehicle GPS receiver, GSM
modems (stationary and in-vehicle), microcontroller. The users of this application
can monitor the location graphically on Google Earth The microcontroller here used
is it has 40 pins it is 8 bit microcontroller. The GSM terminal is an industrial GSM
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modem for the transfer of data using 3G technology. In the modern world so many
sensors are available but here pressure senor is used to sense the pressure acting on
the vehicle so accident detection here is done by the pressure sensor, which is used
as accident sensor. The LCD is used to display the GPS location, time, information
about an accident. GPS is used to locate the vehicle location where is goes. The
Buzzer is used to make a sound to indicate a message to the person as information
is being transmitted. Power supply unit supplies power to all functioning units.
According to [4],An emergency is a deviation from planned or expected behaviour
or a course of event that endangers or adversely affects people, property, or the
environment. This paper reports a complete research work in accident (automobile)
emergency alert situation. The authors were able to programme a GPS / GSM
module incorporating a crash detector to report automatically via the GSM communication platform (using SMS messaging) to the nearest agencies such as police
posts, hospitals, fire services etc, giving the exact position of the point where the
crash had occurred. This will allow early response and rescue of accident victims;
saving lives and properties. The paper reports its experimental results, gives appropriate conclusions and recommendations.A particular country is divided into areas
and the areas are sub-divided into sectors, in every sector, there are police stations.
The GPS/GSM module works with an installed crash detector. This module is
constantly being tracked by the GPS satellite constellations in the orbit. These
satellites make it possible for ground GPS receivers installed in a vehicle to pinpoint
the geographical location and obtain the exact latitude, longitude, speed , altitude
and time of crash of the vehicle, with location accuracy ranging from 1-10 meters
(signal 1). In case of automobile crash, the crash detector sends an activating signal
to the GPS/GSM module, this module is programmed to fetch from the memory,
personalized plate number of the particular vehicle involved; coupled with the GPS
information (i.e. latitude, longitude, speed etc) An SMS message is sent to a communication database server (CDS) (signals 2,3) . The CDS automatically compares
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the information received (plate number in this case) with the mapped information
in the memory. The communication database server fetches the above information
alongside the GPS data received(signal 4) and send them to the appropriate agencies
such as nearest FRSC, Police Station, Medical Centers etc (signal 5) for immediate
deployment of paramedic officials as well as all emergency units within the vicinity
of the crash. The road officials could communicate with the vehicle (signal 6) to
find out the exact physical situation of the event, if there are persons in the vehicle
to respond accurately to these questions, (signal 7), the paramedic with the FRSC
informs the nearest hospital or medical centers of the extent of medical attention
needed by the victims(signal 8). All information from sectoral database are sent to
a centralized database for backup(signal 9).
According to [5],This study discusses about designing a Smart Display and Control
(SDC) which will monitor the zone and maintains the specified speed in the zone
levels, which runs on an embedded system. This system includes three modules; automatic speed control module, accident detection and information sending module
and security enabling module. Automatic speed control module includes RF transmitter placed in specific location and RF receiver in the vehicle. Accident detection
module includes GSM and GPS technology. Security enabling module includes sensory units which ensures the condition of seat belt and the driver. This module
includes alcohol sensor and eye sensor. The smart display and control is composed
of two separate units: Zone status Transmitter unit and Receiver (speed Display
and Control) Unit.

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Chapter 3

WORKING
3.1

BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING

In this block diagram we have a microcontroller PIC 18f4550,an accelerometer, force

sensor,gas sensor,gps and gsm.When accident occurs usually an impact occurs at the
front or back end of the vehicle .The force sensors detects this impact .Accelarometer
is used to sense the angular deviation of the vehicle from a particular position.Gas
detection sensors are used to detect the gas leakage.GSM is used for communication.And Finally GPS is used for Location tracing.

Figure 3.1: BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Our project describes about the AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ACCIDENT DETECTION AND MESSAGING SYSTEM using GPS and GSM technologies. We are
using PIC 18f4550 in our project.Whenever an accident occurs the sensors senses
it.The GPS receives the location of the vehicle that met with an accident and gives
the information back. This information will be sent to a mobile number through a
message. This message will be received using GSM modem present in the circuit.
The message will give the information of longitude and latitude values. Using these
values the position of the vehicle can be estimated. Modem performs modulation
during transmission and performs demodulation during reception. GSM modem is
similar to mobile phone without any display, keypad, and speakers. It can send and
receive messages and calls. The data will be sent to MAX232 IC through RS232
cable. MAX232 synchronizes the baud rates of modem and microcontroller. It also
converts RS 232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels and vice versa. In RS 232 ,
Logic 0 is represented in between +3 volts to +25 volts, Logic 1 is represented in
between -3 to -25 volts. In TTL logic 0 is represented as zero volts logic 1 is represented as +5 volts. Microcontroller supports TTL voltage levels rather than RS 232
voltage levels. The received data is given to the microcontroller. Correspondingly
it gives an acknowledgement in the form of an SMS to the mobile phone.

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Chapter 4

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1

PIC 18F4550

This family of devices offers the advantages of all PIC18 microcontrollers namely,

high computational performance at an economical price with the addition of high

endurance, Enhanced Flash program memory.In addition to these features, the
PIC18F2455/2550/4455/4550 family introduces design enhancements that make

these microcontrollers a logical choice for many high-performance, power sensitive.

The features of this pic are ,

1.Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller from the Timer1 source or the
internal oscillator block, power consumption during code execution can be reduced
by as much as 90. 2.Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run with its
CPU core disabled but the peripherals still active. In these states, power consumption can be reduced even further, to as ittle as 4operation requirements. 3.Onthe-fly Mode Switching: The power-managed modes are invoked by user code during operation, allowing the user to incorporate powersaving ideas into their application as software design. 4.Universal Serial Bus (USB): Devices in the
PIC18F2455/2550/4455/4550 family incorporate a fully featured Universal Serial

Bus communications module that is compliant with the USB Specification Revision

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2.0. The module supports both low-speed and full speed communication for all
supported data transfer types. It also incorporates its own on-chip transceiver and
3.3V regulator and supports the use of external transceivers and voltage regulators.
5.Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly monitors the main clock source
against a reference signal provided by the internal oscillator. If a clock failure occurs, the controller is switched to the internal oscillator block, allowing for continued
low-speed operation or a safe application shutdown.

Figure 4.1: PIC 18F4550

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4.2

GPS

GPS-634R is a highly integrated smart GPS module with a ceramic GPS patch
antenna. The antenna is connected to the module via an LNA. The module is
with 51 channel acquisition engine and 14 channel track engine, which be capable
of receiving signals from up to 65 GPS satellites and transferring them into the
precise position and timing information that can be read over either UART port
or RS232 serial port. Small size and high-end GPS functionality are at low power
consumption, Both of the LVTTL-level and RS232 signal interface are provided on
the interface connector, supply voltage of 3.6V 6.0V is supported. The smart GPS
antenna module is available as an off-the-shelf component, 100be offered for OEM
applications with the versatile adaptation in form and connection. Additionally, the
antenna can be tuned to the final systems circumstances.
Features are,
1.65 channels to acquire and track satellites simultaneously.
2.Industry-leading TTFF speed.
3.Tracking sensitivity reaches -161 dBm.
4.0.5 PPM TCXO for quick cold start.
5.Integral LNA with low power control.
6.SBAS (WAAS/EGNOS) capable.
7.Cold start 29 sec under clear Sky.
8.Hot start 1 sec under clear Sky.
9.Accuracy 5m CEP.
10.Operable at 3.6V-6V.
11.Both of RS232 and UART interface at CMOS level.
12.Small form factor of 32 mm W x 32 mm Lx 8 mm H.
13.Mountable without solder process.
14.6 pins wafer connector.

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15.GSM.

Figure 4.2: GPS

4.3

GSM

GSM is a digital mobile telephone system that is widely used in Europe and other
parts of the world. GSM uses a variation of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephone technolo-gies
(TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and compress-es data, then sends it
down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It
operates at either the 900 MHz or 1,800 MHz frequency band. GSM is the de facto
wireless telephone standard in Europe. GSM has over one billion users worldwide

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and is available in 190 countries. Since many GSM network operators have roaming
agreements with foreign operators, users can often continue to use their mobile
phones when they travel to other countries.

4.4

ACCELEROMETER-ADXL335

The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with
signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product measures acceleration with a mini-

mum full-scale range.It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt sensing
applications as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.

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Figure 4.3: ACCELEROMETER.

4.5

FORCE SENSOR-FSR 400

Interlink Electronics FSRTM 400 series is part of the single zone Force Sensing
Resistor TM family. Force Sensing Resistors, or FSRs, are robust polymer thick film

(PTF) devices that exhibit a decrease in resistance with increase in force applied to
the surface of the sensor. This force sensitivity is optimized for use in human touch
control of electronic devices such as automotive electronics, medical systems, and
in industrial and robotics applications. The standard 400 sensor is a round sensor
7.62mm in diameter. Custom sensors can be manufactured in sizes ranging from
5mm to over 600mm. Female connector and short tail versions can also be ordered.

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Figure 4.4: FORCE SENSOR

4.6

GAS SENSOR

Used in gas leakage detecting equipments for detecting of LPG, iso-butane, propane,
LNG combustible gases. The sensor does not get trigger with the noise of alcohol,
cooking fumes and cigarette smoke.

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Chapter 5

CONCLUSION
A working model of Automatic vehicle accident alert system using a GPS and GSM
modems has been implemented successfully. The biggest advantage of our research
is, whenever the sensor is activated we will be immediately getting the acknowledgement from GSM modem to our mobile numbers which are stored in EEPROM,
without any delay. This system locates the accident spot accurately, realizing the
automation of accident detection and messaging system. Consequently, it will save
the precious time required to save the accident victims. Further this system can be
implemented using the force sensor ,accelarometer and gas leakage sensor in order
to make it more efficient.

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REFERENCES
[1].InternationalJournalofscientificandengineeringresearch,volume4,Issue
8,August-2013.
[2].Wang Wei, Fan Hanbo- Traffic Accident Automatic Detection And Remote

Alarm Device 978-1-4244-8039-5/11/2011 IEEE.

[3].M.A.P TAYLOR INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS- A handbook

of transport systems and traffic control.

[4].Automatic accident notification system using GSM and GPS modems with 3G
technology for video monitoring International Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical and Electronics (IJETEE) Vol. 1, Is-sue. 2, March-2013.
[5].Vehicle accident alert and locator International Journal of Electrical and Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 02.

[6].Wireless accident information using GPS and GSM September 15, 2012,Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Maxwell Scientific
Organization, 2012.

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