WRPS Pipe Stress Analysis Considerations

All of the waste transfer pipelines were designed and analyzed in accordance with ASME B31.1 or
B31.3. The following design requirements are typical for a transfer piping systems or jumper
assembly;
1. Per TFC-ENG-STD-22, Piping, Jumpers, and Valves, the piping and jumper assembly
design pressure is typically specified as 400 psig at 200 F. The piping is categorized as
ASME B31.3 normal fluid service per section 3.2.3 and/or 3.2.4.1 of TFC-ENG-STD-22.
2. Per RPP-CALC-44685, Calculation Package for the AP Valve Pit Jumpers; Table 3,
provides a delta analysis methodology between various editions of the ASME B31
series.
3. Per RPP-CALC-51260, High Pressure Flexible Metal Hose Design Pressure Analysis,
Section 9.1.4, provides for the specification of the corrosion and erosion allowances on
the schedule 40S stainless steel pipe. Typically this value is taken to be 0.0145 inches
over the life of the pipe or jumper and the same allowance is specified for flexible
metal hose. TFC-MD-085, Design Conditions for Analyses of Process Piping, specifies
a corrosion/erosion rate of 0.0012 in/year.
4. The specific gravity of the waste is specified at 1.6. Typically supernatant in the DST
system is between 1.0 and 1.4. This value is therefore conservative.
5. Per RPP-RPT-42297, Safety-Significant Waste Transfer Primary Piping SystemsFunctions and Requirements Evaluation Document, Section 6.2 states that Cycle
fatigue is not considered an issue because of the limited number of cycles imposed on
the jumpers during the specified service life. Therefore, the piping or jumper will not
be subjected to greater than 7,000 pressure and/or thermal cycles.
6. The pipe/jumper is located underground or in a below grade pit and the process fluid
temperature is above normally 32F. Per TFC-ENG-STD-02, Section 3.1.1, minimum
metal temperature is taken to be -25F. Maximum metal temperature is the same as
design temperature. (Note: minimum metal temperature is only used for flexibility
analysis and has no relation to temperatures the process fluid will encounter.)
7. TFC-MD-085 and ASME B31.3 requires that steady state and fluid transient flow
analysis is required. The effects of postulated water hammer events shall be evaluated.
The bounding value for the wave speed of the slurry is to be based in RPP-RPT-50042,
Bulk Modulus and Sonic Velocity Estimates for Double-Shell Tank Supernatants, Table
4, including consideration for a higher temperature. The effects of water hammer shall
be evaluated in the stress analysis calculation. The peak water hammer pressure shall
be considered as an occasional load.
8. TFC-MD-085, Section 1.0 requires that the capability of the safety-significant waste
transfer piping to withstand the effects of potential waste transfer pump overpressure be
evaluated.
9. The pressure and stress limits for existing waste transfer piping and associated flush
water piping are to be in accordance with RPP-RPT-52248, and TFC-ENG-FACSUPC-27, respectively.
A typical summary of design conditions, from ASME B31.3, for a transfer piping system or
jumper assembly is listed as Table 5-1.

Table 5-1. Summary of Design Conditions per ASME B31.3

ASME B31.3
Section
301 Design
Condition

Summary of Requirement

Description of Application in
Analysis

301.2 Design Pressure

301.2.1 General

The design pressure of each component in

a piping system shall be no less than the
pressure at the most severe condition of
coincident internal or external pressure and
temperature (minimum or maximum)
expected during service.

Design pressure is typically

400 psig per TFC-ENG-STD22. Piping design pressures
for all DST waster transfer
piping to be tabulated.

301.2.2 Required
Pressure
Containment or
Relief

Provision shall be made to safely contain

or relieve any pressure to which the piping
may be subjected. Piping not protected by
a pressure relieving device, or that can be
isolated from a pressure relieving device,
shall be designed for at least the highest
pressure that can be developed.

Design pressure is typically

400 psig per TFC-ENG-STD22. Pressure relief devices
shall be denoted on the system
P&IDs, if any.

301.3 Design Temperature

301.3.1 Minimum
Design
Temperature

The design minimum temperature is the

lowest component temperature expected in
service. This temperature may establish
special design requirements and material
qualification requirements.

Design minimum temperature

is
-25F degrees; per TFC-MD085. Piping design
temperatures for all DST
waster transfer piping to be
tabulated.

301.3.2 UnInsulated
Components

Describes requirements for the piping at

specific fluid temperatures.

N/A. The pipe/jumper is

designed to a maximum
temperature of 200F. All
components of the pipe/jumper
are evaluated at this
temperature.

301.3.3 Externally The component design temperature shall

Insulated Piping
be the fluid temperature unless
calculations, tests, or service experience
based on measurements support the use
of another temperature. Where piping is
heated or cooled by tracing or jacketing,
this effect shall be considered in
establishing component design
temperatures.

Process fluid temperature is

below 200F and is used
without qualification.
Components are not externally
cooled, heated, or insulated.

301.3.4 Internally
Insulated Piping

N/A. The pipe/jumper

assembly is not internally
insulated.

The component design temperature shall

be based on heat transfer calculations or
tests.

Table 5-1. Summary of Design Conditions per ASME B31.3

ASME B31.3
Section
301 Design
Condition

Summary of Requirement

Description of Application in
Analysis

301.4 Ambient Effects

301.4.1 Cooling: The cooling of gas or vapor in a piping
Effects on Pressure system may reduce the pressure
sufficiently to create an internal vacuum.
In such a case, the piping shall be capable
of withstanding the external pressure at the
lower temperature, or provision shall be
made to break the vacuum.

N/A. The pump and piping is

free draining to the tank and
therefore will not generate a
vacuum.

301.4.2 Fluid
Provision shall be made in the design
Expansion Effects either to withstand or relieve increased
pressure caused by the heating of static
fluid in a piping component.

N/A. Pipe/Jumper is free

draining and does not have a
means of isolating static fluid.

301.4.3
Atmospheric
Icing

Where the design minimum temperature of N/A. Fluid temperature is

a piping system is below 32F, the
above 32F and will prevent
possibility of moisture condensation and
atmospheric icing.
buildup of ice shall be considered and
provisions be made in the design to avoid
resultant modifications.

301.4.4 Low
Ambient
Temperature

Consideration shall be given to low

ambient temperature conditions for
displacement stress analysis.

Low ambient temperature used

in displacement stress analysis
is -25F per TFC- MD-085.

301.5 Dynamic Effects

301.5.1 Impact

Impact forces caused by external or

internal conditions (including changes in
flow rate, hydraulic shock, liquid or solid
slugging, flashing, and geysering) shall be
taken into account in the design of piping.

Pipe/Jumper is located
underground or in covered
concrete pit and therefore not
designed for external impact
forces.

301.5.2 Wind

The effect of wind loading shall be taken

into account in the design of exposed
piping.

N/A. Since piping/jumper is

located underground or in
covered pit (protected), wind
loading will not be analyzed.

301.5.3
Earthquake

Piping shall be designed with earthquake

loading taken into account.

Piping/jumper is analyzed
using PC-2 seismic criteria per
TFC-ENG-STD-06.

301.5.4 Vibration

Piping shall be designed, arranged, and

supported so as to eliminate excessive and
harmful effects of vibration which may
arise from impact, pressure pulsation,
turbulent flow vortices, resonance in

Wind and impact effects are

N/A; pipe/jumper is located
underground or in covered pit.
A flexible connection to
rotating equipment (pump) is

Table 5-1. Summary of Design Conditions per ASME B31.3

ASME B31.3
Section
301 Design
Condition

Summary of Requirement
compressors, and wind.

301.5.5 Discharge Piping shall be designed, arranged, and

Reactions
supported so as to withstand reaction
forces due to let-down or discharge of
fluids.

Description of Application in
Analysis
provided to mitigate vibration.
N/A. Piping/jumper does not
include discharges.

301.6 Weight Effects

301.6.1 Live
Loads

These loads include the weight of the

medium transported, or the medium used
for test. Snow and ice loads due to both
environmental and operating conditions
shall be considered.

Snow and ice loads are N/A;

pipe/jumper is located
underground or in covered pit.
The specific gravities of the
transfer fluid are specified per
WRPS design criteria reports.

301.6.2 Dead
Loads

These loads consist of the weight of piping

components, insulation, and other
superimposed permanent loads supported
by the piping.

Weights analysis of the

complete piping system is to
be determined by separate
calculations.

301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects

301.7.1 Thermal
Loads due to
Restraints

These loads consist of thrusts and

moments which arise when free thermal
expansion and contraction of the piping
are prevented by restraints or anchors.

Thermal expansion loads

analysis of the complete
piping system is to be
determined by separate
calculations.

301.7.2 Loads Due

to
Temperature
Gradients

These loads arise from stresses in pipe

walls resulting from large rapid
temperature changes or from unequal
temperature distribution as may result
from a high heat flux through a
comparatively thick pipe or stratified two
phase flow causing bow of the line.

N/A. Since the pipe/jumper is

not subject to significant
unequal temperature
distribution, this loading is
typically not analyzed.

301.7.3 Loads Due

to Differences in
Expansion
Characteristics

These loads result from differences in

thermal expansion where materials with
different thermal expansion coefficients
are combined, as in bimetallic, lined,
jacketed, or metallic- nonmetallic piping.

N/A. Since the pipe/jumper

does not contain components
that meet this criteria, this load
is not analyzed.

301.8 Effects of
Support, Anchor,
and Terminal
Movements

The effects of movements of piping

supports, anchors, and equipment shall be
taken into account in the design of piping.
These movements may result from the
flexibility and/or thermal expansion of

Only the effects of settlement

are potentially applicable and
shall be addressed in the
analysis.

Table 5-1. Summary of Design Conditions per ASME B31.3

ASME B31.3
Section
301 Design
Condition

Summary of Requirement

Description of Application in
Analysis

equipment, supports, or anchors; and from

settlement, tidal movements, or wind
sway.
301.9 Reduced
Ductility
Effects

The harmful effects of reduced ductility

shall be taken into account in the design of
piping. The effects may, for example,
result from welding, heat treatment,
forming, bending, or low operating
temperatures, including the chilling effect
of sudden loss of pressure on highly
volatile fluids. Low ambient temperatures
expected during operation shall be
considered.

N/A. Since the pipe/jumper

assembly does not contain
components which are
significantly affected by
welding, low temperatures,
etc., reduced ductility effects
shall not be analyzed.

301.10 Cyclic
Effects

Fatigue due to pressure cycling, thermal

cycling, and other cyclic loadings shall be
considered in the
design of piping.

Per RPP-RPT-42297, the

pipe / jumper will not be
subjected to greater than 7,000
pressure and/or thermal cycles.

301.11 Air
Condensation
Effects

At operating conditions below -312F in

ambient air, condensation and oxygen
enrichment occur. These shall be
considered in selecting materials,
including insulation, and adequate
shielding and or disposal shall be
provided.

N/A. Since pipe/jumper is not

subjected to operating
conditions below -312F, air
condensation effects shall not
be analyzed.

302 Design Criteria

321 Piping Support
321.3.2 Integral
Attachments

Integral attachments include plugs, ears,

shoes,
plates, and angle clips, cast on or welded
to the piping. Consideration shall be
given to the localized stresses induced in
the piping component by welding the
integral attachment. (a) Integral
reinforcement, complete encirclement
reinforcement, or intermediate pads of
suitable alloy and design may be used to
reduce contamination or undesirable heat
effects in alloy piping. (b) Intermediate
pads, integral reinforcement, complete
encirclement reinforcement, or other

Any integrally welded

attachment between the piping
and dunnage shall include an
appropriate stress
intensification factor.

Table 5-1. Summary of Design Conditions per ASME B31.3

ASME B31.3
Section
301 Design
Condition

Description of Application in
Analysis

Summary of Requirement
means of reinforcement may be used to
distribute stresses.

The load conditions analyzed per ASME B31.3 for a typical DST waste transfer piping are
summarized below in Table 5-2. Waste Transfer Piping Stress Analysis Load Conditions
Table 5-2. Waste Transfer Piping Stress Analysis Load Conditions per ASME B31.3
Load Condition

Description

Internal Pressure At design pressure

Comment
Hoop Stress

Code
ASME
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III,
ND-3641

Sustained Load
(Sus)

At design pressure. Includes

Longitudinal Stress
deadweight of piping (weight of pipe,
fluid, components, and insulation), and
superimposed loads acting through
pipe supports

ASME
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III,
ND-3655

Sustained Load
Plus
Thermal Plus
Seismic
(Support Loads)

At design pressure and temperature.

ASME
B31.3,
321.1

Occasional
Seismic Load
Plus Sustained
Load

At design pressure. Includes one load Occasional load stress

case for each of the following
combinations.
+ X (horizontal) + Y (horizontal) + Z
(vertical)
+ X (horizontal) - Y (horizontal) + Z
(vertical)
- X (horizontal) + Y (horizontal) + Z
(vertical)
- X (horizontal) - Y (horizontal) + Z
(vertical)
+ X (horizontal) + Y (horizontal) - Z
(vertical)
+ X (horizontal) - Y (horizontal) - Z
(vertical)
- X (horizontal) + Y (horizontal) - Z
(vertical)

For supports, support

weld,
anchor, nozzle,
PUREX
connector, and other
reactions.

ASME
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III,
ND-3655

Table 5-2. Waste Transfer Piping Stress Analysis Load Conditions per ASME B31.3
Load Condition

Description

Comment

Code

- X (horizontal) - Y (horizontal) - Z
(vertical)
Occasional
Hydraulic
Transient Load
Plus
Sustained Load

At design pressure. Includes one load

case for each of the following
conditions.
Pressure surge
Pressure drop

Occasional load stress

ASME
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III,
ND-3655

Occasional PSV
Discharge Load
Plus Sustained
Load

At design pressure. Includes one load

case for each of the following
conditions.
Concentrated PSV discharge forces

Not Applicable for this ASME

analysis.
B31.3
ASME
Sec. III,
ND-3655

Hydro test
Pressure

At hydrostatic test pressure (1.5 x

design pressure)

Not Applicable for this ASME

analysis.
B31.3

Thermal
Expansion

Ambient temperature to maximum

design temperature.
Ambient temperature is 60 F.

Displacement Stress
Range

Max. Range

If maximum range combination is

selected.

Non-Code Case

ASME
B31.3
Only
largest
range is
required by
code, see
319.2.3

The pressure and stress limits for DST waste transfer piping or jumper assemblies, including
supports and welds to supports are typically determined for ASME B31.3 piping as follows:
Internal Pressure
Internal pressure in the piping and jumper assembly due to sustained or occasional loads shall be
considered safe when it is less than the Design Pressure of piping and components, including any
variation in pressure allowable under the terms of ASME B31.3, paragraph 302.2.4. Variations in
pressure are allowable for internal pressures up to 20% over the pressure rating or the allowable
stress for pressure design at the temperature, provided the limitations specified in ASME B31.3,
paragraph 302.2.4 are met. Variations up to 33% are allowable if these limitations are met and
owners approval is provided.
Longitudinal Stresses Sustained Loads
Longitudinal stress SL in the piping or jumper assembly due to sustained loads shall not exceed
the basic allowable stress at the maximum metal temperature condition (Sh) provided for in
ASME B31.3, Table A-1, and related Code requirements and allowances, when computed
according to ASME B31.3, eq. 23a. (see ASME B31.3 para. 302.3.5(c), Stresses Due to
Sustained Loads, SL)
Longitudinal Stresses Occasional Loads

Longitudinal stress SL in the piping or jumper assembly due to occasional loads such as seismic,
or anticipated flow transient loads occurring during waste transfers shall not exceed 1.33 times
the basic allowable stress at the maximum metal temperature condition provided for in ASME
B31.3, Table A-1, when computed according to ASME B31.3, eq. 23a. (see ASME B31.3 para.
302.3.6, Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads, for additional limitations)
Pipe Supports and Support Welds
For analyses of sustained and occasional loads, design criteria for the piping or jumper assembly
supports shall be per AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th edition.
Thermal Flexibility
The calculated displacement stress range, SE, for the pipe or jumper assembly, shall not exceed
the allowable stress range, SA, determined per ASME B31.3, eq. 1a or 1b, independent of
longitudinal stress.
Hydrostatic Test
For determination of hydrostatic test pressure Equation 24 from ASME B31.3 Section 345.4.2 is
used.