F Social Legislation

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.
LAST-MINUTE
NOTES ON THE 2012 BAR EXAMINATION IN LABOR LAW BASED ON THE
SUPREME COURT-PRESCRIBED SYLLABUS
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Prof. Joselito Guianan Chan

F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION
[These 8-part Notes discuss all topics/sub-topics in the Supreme Court-prescribed Syllabus for Labor Law]
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2. GSIS (RA 8291)

a. Coverage
b. Exclusions from coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
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1. SSS Law (RA 8282)

a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
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3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)

4. Employees Compensation Coverage and when compensable
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1.COVERAGE.
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TOPIC UNDER THE SYLLABUS:
1. SSS Law (RA 8282)
a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
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b.Compulsorycoverageofselfemployed.
CoverageintheSSSshallalsobecompulsoryuponsuchselfemployedpersonsasmaybedeterminedby
theSSCommissionundersuchrulesandregulationsasitmayprescribe,includingbutnotlimitedtothefollowing:
1. Allselfemployedprofessionals;
2. Partnersandsingleproprietorsofbusinesses;
3. Actors and actresses, directors, scriptwriters and news correspondents who do not fall within the
definitionoftheterm"employee"inSection8(d)ofthisAct;
4. Professionalathletes,coaches,trainersandjockeys;and
5. Individualfarmersandfishermen.
Unlessotherwisespecifiedherein,allprovisionsofthisActapplicabletocoveredemployeesshallalsobe
applicabletothecoveredselfemployedpersons.
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d.Effectivedateofcoverage.
1. EMPLOYEES:Compulsorycoverageoftheemployershalltakeeffectonthefirstdayofhisoperation
andthatoftheemployeeonthedayofhisemployment
2. SELFEMPLOYED: The compulsory coverage of the selfemployed person shall take effect upon his
registrationwiththeSSS.
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c.Voluntarycoverage.
1. Spouses who devote full time to managing the household and family affairs, unless they are also
engagedinothervocationoremploymentwhichissubjecttomandatorycoverage,maybecoveredby
theSSSonavoluntarybasis.
2. FilipinosrecruitedbyforeignbasedemployersforemploymentabroadmaybecoveredbytheSSSon
avoluntarybasis.
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a.Compulsorycoverage.
1.Allemployeesnotoversixty(60)yearsofageandtheiremployers.
2.DomestichelpersmonthlyincomeshallnotbelessthanP1,000.00permonth
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TOPICS UNDER THE SYLLABUS
LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

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e.Effectofseparationfromemployment.
When an employee under compulsory coverage is separated from employment, his employers
contributiononhisaccountandhisobligationtopaycontributionsarisingfromthatemploymentshallceaseatthe
endofthemonthofseparation,butsaidemployeeshallbecreditedwithallcontributionspaidonhisbehalfand
entitled to benefits according to the provisions of this Act. He may, however, continue to pay the total
contributionstomaintainhisrighttofullbenefit.
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A.MonthlyPension.
Themonthlypensionshallbethehighestofthefollowingamounts:
(1)Thesumofthefollowing:
(i) P300.00;plus
(ii) 20%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycredit;plus
(iii)2%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditforeachcreditedyearofserviceinexcessof10years;or
(2)40%oftheaveragemonthlysalarycredit;or
(3) P1,000.00:Provided,Thatthemonthlypensionshallinnocasebepaidforanaggregateamountof
lessthan60months.
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2.1.MONTHLYPENSION.
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2.2.DEPENDENTSPENSION.
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B.MinimumPension.
Theminimumpensionshallbe:
(1) P1,200.00formemberswithatleast10creditedyearsofservice;and
(2) P2,400.00forthosewith20creditedyearsofservice.
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ThefollowingarethebenefitsprovidedundertheSSSLaw:
a.Monthlypension
b.Dependentspension
c.Retirementbenefits
d.Deathbenefits
e.Permanentdisabilitybenefits
f.Funeralbenefit
g.Sicknessbenefit
h.Maternityleavebenefit
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2.BENEFITS.
2.3.RETIREMENTBENEFITS.
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Where monthly pension is payable on account of death, permanent total disability or retirement,
dependentspensionequivalentto10%ofthemonthlypensionorP250.00,whicheverishigher,shallalsobepaid
foreachdependentchildconceivedonorbeforethedateofthecontingencybutnotexceeding5,beginningwith
the youngest and without substitution: Provided, That where there are legitimate or illegitimate children, the
formershallbepreferred.
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A.MONTHLYPENSION.
Amemberwhohaspaidatleast120monthlycontributionspriortothesemesterofretirementandwho:
(1) hasreachedtheageof60yearsandisalreadyseparatedfromemploymentorhasceasedtobeself
employed;or
(2) hasreachedtheageof65years,
shallbeentitledforaslongashelivestothemonthlypension:Provided,Thatheshallhavetheoptiontoreceive
hisfirst18monthlypensionsinlumpsumdiscountedatapreferentialrateofinteresttobedeterminedbythe
SSS.
Themonthlypensionofamemberwhoretiresafterreachingage60shallbethehigherofeither:
(1) the monthly pension computed at the earliest time he could have retired had he been separated
fromemploymentorceasedtobeselfemployedplusalladjustmentsthereto;or
(2) themonthlypensioncomputedatthetimewhenheactuallyretires.
B.LUMPSUMBENEFIT.
Acoveredmemberwhoissixty60yearsoldatretirementandwhodoesnotqualifyforpensionbenefits
underparagraph(a)above,shallbeentitledtoalumpsumbenefitequaltothetotalcontributionspaidbyhimand
onhisbehalf:Provided,Thatheisseparatedfromemploymentandisnotcontinuingpaymentofcontributionsto
theSSSonhisown.
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f.Effectofinterruptionofbusinessorprofessionalincome.
IftheselfemployedrealizesNOincomeinanygivenmonth,heshallnotberequiredtopaycontributions
for that month. He may, however, be allowed to continue paying contributions under the same rules and
regulationsapplicabletoaseparatedemployeemember.
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C.SUSPENSIONOFMONTHLYPENSION.
Themonthlypensionshallbesuspendeduponthereemploymentorresumptionofselfemploymentof
aretiredmemberwhoislessthan65yearsold.HeshallagainbesubjecttodeductionforSSScontributionsandhis
employershallpayitscorrespondingSSScontribution.
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D.DEATHOFRETIREDMEMBER.
Under Section 12B [d] of R.A. No. 8282, it is provided that upon the death of the retired member, his
primarybeneficiariesasofthedateofhisretirementshallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension:Provided,
That ifhe hasnoprimarybeneficiaries and hedies within 60 monthsfrom the startof his monthly pension,his
secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a lump sum benefit equivalent to the total monthly pensions
correspondingtothebalanceofthe5yearguaranteedperiod,excludingthedependentspension.
2.4.DEATHBENEFITS.
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(NOTE:TheSupremeCourt,initsenbancdecisioninDycaicov.SSS,[G.R.No.161357,Nov.
30,2005],declaredtheprovisoasofthedateofhisretirementinSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282,
(Seeabove)whichqualifiesthetermprimarybeneficiaries,asunconstitutionalforitviolatesthe
dueprocessandequalprotectionclausesoftheConstitution.)
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2.5.PERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
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Upon the death of a member who has paid at least 36 monthly contributions prior to the semester of
death, his primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to the monthly pension: Provided, That if he has no primary
beneficiaries, his secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a lump sum benefit equivalent to 36 times the
monthlypension.
Ifhehasnotpaidtherequired36monthlycontributions,hisprimaryorsecondarybeneficiariesshallbe
entitledtoalumpsumbenefitequivalenttothemonthlypensiontimesthenumberofmonthlycontributionspaid
totheSSSor12timesthemonthlypension,whicheverishigher.
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C.SUSPENSIONOFMONTHLYPENSION.
Themonthlypensionanddependentspensionshallbesuspendeduponthe:
1.reemployment;or
2.resumptionofselfemployment;or
3.recoveryofthedisabledmemberfromhispermanenttotaldisability;or
4.failuretopresenthimselfforexaminationatleastonceayearuponnoticebytheSSS.
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B.WHENTREATEDASNEWMEMBER.
Amemberwho:
(1) hasreceivedalumpsumbenefit;and
(2) isreemployedorhasresumedselfemploymentnotearlierthan1yearfromthedateofhisdisability
shallagainbesubjecttocompulsorycoverageandshallbeconsideredanewmember.
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F.PERMANENTPARTIALDISABILITY.
If the disability is permanent partial, and such disability occurs before 36 monthly contributions have
been paid prior to the semester of disability, the benefit shall be such percentage of the lump sum benefit
described in the preceding paragraph with due regard to the degree of disability as the SS Commission may
determine.
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E.DISABILITIESCONSIDEREDPERMANENTTOTAL.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedpermanenttotal:
1.Completelossofsightofbotheyes;
2.Lossoftwolimbsatorabovetheankleorwrists;
3.Permanentcompleteparalysisoftwolimbs;
4.Braininjuryresultingtoincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
5.SuchcasesasdeterminedandapprovedbytheSSS.
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D.DEATHOFPENSIONER.
Uponthedeathofthepermanenttotaldisabilitypensioner,hisprimarybeneficiariesasofthedateof
disabilityshallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension:Provided,Thatifhehasnoprimarybeneficiariesandhe
dies within 60 months from the start of his monthly pension, his secondary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a
lump sum benefit equivalent to the total monthly pensions corresponding to the balance of the fiveyear
guaranteedperiodexcludingthedependentspension.

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A.MONTHLYPENSION.
Uponthepermanenttotaldisabilityofamemberwhohaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionspriorto
the semester of disability, he shall be entitled to the monthly pension: Provided, That if he has not paid the
required36monthlycontributions,heshallbeentitledtoalumpsumbenefitequivalenttothemonthlypension
timesthenumberofmonthlycontributionspaidtotheSSSor12timesthemonthlypension,whicheverishigher.
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G.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITY.
(f)Ifthedisabilityispermanenttotalandsuchdisabilityoccursafter36monthlycontributionshavebeen
paid prior to the semester of disability, the benefit shall be the monthly pension for permanent total disability
payablenotlongerthantheperioddesignatedinaccordancewiththescheduleprovidedundertheSSSLaw.
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H.ADDITIVES.
Thepercentagedegreeofdisabilitywhichisequivalenttotheratiothatthedesignatednumberofmonths
ofcompensabilitybearsto75,roundedtothenexthigherinteger,shallnotbeadditivefordistinct,separateand
unrelated permanent partial disabilities, but shall be additive for deteriorating and related permanent partial
disabilitiestoamaximumof100%,inwhichcase,themembershallbedeemedaspermanentlytotallydisabled.
I.WHENLUMPSUMPAYMENTPROPER.
In case of permanent partial disability, the monthly pension benefit shall be given in lump sum if it is
payableforlessthan12months.
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2.6.FUNERALBENEFIT.
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J.WHENPENSIONERRETIRESORDIES.
Shouldamemberwhoisonpartialdisabilitypensionretireordie,hisdisabilitypensionshallceaseupon
hisretirementordeath.
2.7.SICKNESSBENEFIT.
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(1) Innocaseshallthedailysicknessbenefitbepaidlongerthan120daysinone(1)calendaryear,nor
shallanyunusedportionofthe120daysofsicknessbenefitbecarriedforwardandaddedtothetotal
numberofcompensabledaysallowableinthesubsequentyear;
(2) The daily sickness benefit shall not be paid for more than 240 days on account of the same
confinement;and
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(3)Theemployeemembershallnotifyhisemployerofthefactofhissicknessorinjurywithin5calendar
days after the start of his confinement unless such confinement is in a hospital or the employee
became sick or was injured while working or within the premises of the employer in which case,
notificationtotheemployerisnotnecessary:Provided,Thatifthememberisunemployedorself
employed, heshall directly notifytheSSS of his confinement within 5 calendardays after the start
thereof unless such confinement is in a hospital in which case notification is also not necessary:
Provided,further,Thatincaseswherenotificationisnecessary,theconfinementshallbedeemedto
havestartednotearlierthanthe5thdayimmediatelyprecedingthedateofnotification.
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C.PAYMENTOFSICKBENEFITBYSSS.
100%ofthedailybenefitsshallbereimbursedbytheSSStosaidemployeruponreceiptofsatisfactory
proofofsuchpaymentandlegalitythereof:Provided,ThattheemployerhasnotifiedtheSSSoftheconfinement
within5calendardaysafterreceiptofthenotificationfromtheemployeemember:Provided,further,Thatifthe
notificationtotheSSSismadebytheemployerbeyond5calendardaysafterreceiptofthenotificationfromthe
employeemember,saidemployershallbereimbursedonlyforeachdayofconfinementstartingfromthetenth
calendar day immediately preceding the date of notification to the SSS: Provided, finally, That the SSS shall
reimburse the employer or pay the unemployed member only for confinement within the oneyear period
immediatelyprecedingthedatetheclaimforbenefitorreimbursementisreceivedbytheSSS,exceptconfinement
inahospitalinwhichcasetheclaimforbenefitorreimbursementmustbefiledwithinone(1)yearfromthelast
dayofconfinement.
2.8.MATERNITYLEAVEBENEFIT.
A.FEMALEMEMBERENTITLED.
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B.COMPENSABLECONFINEMENT.
The compensable confinement shall begin on the first day of sickness, and the payment of such
allowances shall be promptly made by the employer every regular payday or on the 15th and last day of each
month,andsimilarlyinthecaseofdirectpaymentbytheSSS,foraslongassuchallowancesaredueandpayable:
Provided,Thatsuchallowanceshallbeginonlyafterallsickleavesofabsencewithfullpaytothecreditofthe
employeemembershallhavebeenexhausted.
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A.ENTITLEMENT.
Amemberwhohaspaidatleast3monthlycontributionsinthe12monthperiodimmediatelypreceding
thesemesterofsicknessorinjuryandisconfinedthereforformorethan3daysinahospitalorelsewherewiththe
approval of the SSS, shall, for each day of compensable confinement or a fraction thereof, be paid by his
employer,ortheSSS,ifsuchpersonisunemployedorselfemployed,adailysicknessbenefitequivalentto90%of
hisaveragedailysalarycredit,subjecttothefollowingconditions:
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AfuneralgrantofP12,000.00shallbepaid,incashorinkind,tohelpdefraythecostoffuneralexpenses
uponthedeathofamember,includingpermanentlytotallydisabledmemberorretiree.


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a.DependencyruleundertheSSSLaw.
UndertheSSSLaw,thedependentshallreferto:
(1) Thelegalspouseentitledbylawtoreceivesupportfromthemember;
(2) Thelegitimate,legitimated,orlegallyadopted,andillegitimatechildwhoisunmarried,not
gainfully employed and has not reached 21 of age, or if over 21 years of age, he is
congenitally or while still a minor has been permanently incapacitated and incapable of
selfsupport,physicallyormentally;and
(3) Theparentwhoisreceivingregularsupportfromthemember.
b.BeneficiariesundertheSSSLaw.
I.PRIMARYBENEFICIARIES.
Thefollowingareprimarybeneficiaries:
1. Thedependentspouseuntilheorsheremarries;
2. Thedependentlegitimate,legitimatedorlegallyadopted,andillegitimatechildren
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II.SECONDARYBENEFICIARIES.
Thefollowingaresecondarybeneficiaries:
1. Thedependentparents,intheabsenceoftheprimarybeneficiaries.
2. Anyotherpersondesignatedbythememberashis/hersecondarybeneficiary,intheabsenceofall
theforegoing(primarybeneficiariesanddependentparents),
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[Note:Thedependentillegitimatechildrenshallbeentitledto50%oftheshareofthelegitimate,
legitimated or legally adopted children: Provided, further, That in the absence of the dependent
legitimate, legitimated children of the member, his/her dependent illegitimate children shall be
entitledto100%ofthebenefits.]
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Signeyv.SSS,[G.R.No.173582,January28,2008]
ThiscaseinvolvestheissueofdependencyinvolvingconflictingclaimsoverdeathbenefitsprovidedunderR.A.
No. 8282. The petitioners husband, Rodolfo Signey, Sr., was a member of the SSS. He died on 21 May 2001. In his
membersrecords,hehaddesignatedYolandaSigney(petitioner)asprimarybeneficiaryandhisfourchildrenwithher
assecondarybeneficiaries.On6July2001,petitionerfiledaclaimfordeathbenefitswiththepublicrespondentSSS.She
revealed in her SSS claim that the deceased had a commonlaw wife, Gina Servano (Gina), with whom he had two
minorchildren,namely:GinalynServano(Ginalyn),bornon13April1996,andRodelynSigney(Rodelyn),bornon20
April2000.
PetitionersdeclarationwasconfirmedwhenGinaherselffiledaclaimforthesamedeathbenefitson13July
2001inwhichshealsodeclaredthatbothsheandpetitionerwerecommonlawwivesofthedeceasedandthatEditha
Espinosa(Editha)wasthelegalwife.
Inaddition,inOctober2001,EdithaalsofiledanapplicationfordeathbenefitswiththeSSSstatingthatshewas
thelegalwifeofthedeceased.
Inresolvingtheissueofwhichofthepartieshavearightoverthedeathbenefits,theSupremeCourtaffirmed
thefactualfindingsoftheSSCandtheCourtofAppeals.Inthecaseatbar,theexistenceofapriorsubsistingmarriage
betweenthedeceasedandEdithaissupportedbysubstantialevidence.Petitioner,whohasfullyavailedofherrightto
beheard,onlyreliedonthewaiverofEdithaandfailedtopresentanyevidencetoinvalidateorotherwisecontrovertthe
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(a) Thattheemployeeshallhavenotifiedheremployerofherpregnancyandtheprobabledateofher
childbirth,whichnoticeshallbetransmittedtotheSSSinaccordancewiththerulesandregulationsit
mayprovide;
(b) Thefullpaymentshallbeadvancedbytheemployerwithin30daysfromthefilingofthematernity
leaveapplication;
(c) Thatpaymentofdailymaternitybenefitsshallbeabartotherecoveryofsicknessbenefitsprovided
undertheSSSLawforthesameperiodforwhichdailymaternitybenefitshavebeenreceived;
(d) Thatthematernitybenefitsshallbepaidonlyforthefirst4deliveriesormiscarriages;
(e) ThattheSSSshallimmediatelyreimbursetheemployerof100%oftheamountofmaternitybenefits
advancedtotheemployeebytheemployeruponreceiptofsatisfactoryproofofsuchpaymentand
legalitythereof;and
(f) That if an employee member should give birth or suffer miscarriage without the required
contributionshavingbeenremittedforherbyheremployertotheSSS,orwithoutthelatterhaving
beenpreviouslynotifiedbytheemployerofthetimeofthepregnancy,theemployershallpaytothe
SSS damages equivalent to the benefits which said employee member would otherwise have been
entitledto.
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A female member who has paid at least 3 monthly contributions in the 12month period immediately
precedingthesemesterofherchildbirthormiscarriageshallbepaidadailymaternitybenefitequivalentto100%
of her average daily salarycreditfor60 days or78 days incase of caesarian delivery, subject to the following
conditions:


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SEC.12B.RetirementBenefits.
(d)Uponthedeathoftheretiredmember,hisprimarybeneficiariesasofthedateofhisretirement
shallbeentitledtoreceivethemonthlypension.
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TheSupreme Court declared the above proviso asof the date of his retirement which qualifies theterm
primary beneficiaries, as unconstitutional for it violates the due process and equal protection clauses of the
Constitution.
Asillustratedbythepetitionerscase,thesaidprovisoasofthedateofhisretirementwhichqualifiesthe
term primary beneficiaries results in the classification of dependent spouses as primary beneficiaries into two (2)
groups:
(1) Those dependent spouses whose respective marriages to SSS members were contracted prior to the
lattersretirement;and
(2) ThosedependentspouseswhoserespectivemarriagestoSSSmemberswerecontractedafterthelatters
retirement.
Underlyingthese two(2) classifications of dependent spouses is that their respective marriages are valid.In
other words, both groups are legitimate or legal spouses.The distinction between them lies solely on the date the
marriage was contracted.The petitioner belongs to the second group of dependent spouses, i.e., her marriage to
Bonifacio was contracted after his retirement. As such, she and those similarly situated do not qualify as primary
beneficiariesunderSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282and,therefore,arenotentitledtosurvivorspensionunderthe
sameprovisionbyreasonofthesubjectproviso.
ItisnotedthattheeligibilityofdependentchildrenwhoarebiologicaloffspringsofaretiredSSSmemberto
beconsideredashisprimarybeneficiariesunderSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282isnotsubstantiallyaffectedbythe
provisoasofthedateofhisretirement.Abiologicalchild,whetherlegitimate,legitimatedorillegitimate,isentitledto
survivorspensionuponthedeathofaretiredSSSmembersolongasthesaidchildisunmarried,notgainfullyemployed
andhasnotreachedtwentyone(21)yearsofage,orifovertwentyone(21)yearsofage,heorsheiscongenitallyor
whilestillaminorhasbeenpermanentlyincapacitatedandincapableofselfsupport,physicallyormentally.
Ontheotherhand,theeligibilityoflegallyadoptedchildrentobeconsideredprimarybeneficiariesunder
Section12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282isaffectedbytheprovisoasofthedateofhisretirementinthesamemannerasthe
dependentspouses.AlegallyadoptedchildwhosatisfiestherequirementsinSection8[e](2)thereofisconsidereda
primarybeneficiaryofaretiredSSSmemberuponthelattersdeathonlyifthesaidchildhadbeenlegallyadoptedprior
tothemembersretirement.OnewhowaslegallyadoptedbytheSSSmemberafterhisorherretirementdoesnot
qualifyasaprimarybeneficiaryforthepurposeofentitlementtosurvivorspensionunderSection12B[d]ofR.A.No.
8282.
TheSupremeCourtfurtherdeclaredthatclassifyingdependentspousesanddeterminingtheirentitlementto
survivorspensionbasedonwhetherthemarriagewascontractedbeforeoraftertheretirementoftheotherspouse,
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Dycaicov.SSS,[G.R.No.161357,Nov.30,2005]
(ProvisoinSection12BofR.A.No.8282declaredunconstitutional).
Inthiscase,BonifacioS.Dycaico,thedeceasedhusbandofpetitioner,becameamemberoftheSSSonJanuary
24,1980.Inhisselfemployeddatarecord(SSSFormRS1),henamedthepetitioner,ElenaP.Dycaico,andtheireight
childrenashisbeneficiaries.Atthattime,BonifacioandElenalivedtogetherashusbandandwifewithoutthebenefitof
marriage. In June 1989, Bonifacio was considered retired and began receiving his monthly pension from the SSS. He
continuedtoreceivethemonthlypensionuntilhepassedawayonJune19,1997.Afewmonthspriortohisdeath,
however,BonifaciomarriedthepetitioneronJanuary6,1997.ShortlyafterBonifaciosdeath,thepetitionerfiledwith
theSSSanapplicationforsurvivorspension.Herapplication,however,wasdeniedonthegroundthatunderSection
12B[d]ofR.A.No.8282ortheSocialSecurityLaw,shecouldnotbeconsideredaprimarybeneficiaryofBonifacioasof
thedateofhisretirement.Thesaidprovisoreads:
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confirmedmarriagecertificateregisteredunderLCRRegistryNo.2083on21November1967.Shedidnoteventryto
allegeandproveanyinfirmityinthemarriagebetweenthedeceasedandEditha.
TheSupremeCourtfurtherruled:
AstotheissueofwhohasthebetterrightovertheSSSdeathbenefits,Section8[e]and
[k]ofR.A.No.8282isveryclear.Hence,weneedonlyapplythelaw.
Whoeverclaimsentitlementtothebenefitsprovidedbylawshouldestablishhisorher
righttheretobysubstantialevidence.Sincepetitionerisdisqualifiedtobeabeneficiaryandbecause
thedeceasedhasnolegitimatechild,itfollowsthatthedependentillegitimateminorchildrenof
thedeceasedshallbeentitledtothedeathbenefitsasprimarybeneficiaries.TheSSSLawisclear
thatforaminorchildtoqualifyasadependent,theonlyrequirementsarethathe/shemustbe
below21yearsofage,notmarriednorgainfullyemployed.
Inthiscase,theminorillegitimatechildrenGinalynandRodelynwerebornon13April
1996and20April2000,respectively.HadthelegitimatechildofthedeceasedandEdithasurvived
andqualifiedasadependentundertheSSSLaw,GinalynandRodelynwouldhavebeenentitledto
ashareequivalenttoonly50%oftheshareofthesaidlegitimatechild.Sincethelegitimatechildof
thedeceasedpredeceasedhim,GinalynandRodelyn,astheonlyqualifiedprimarybeneficiariesof
thedeceased,areentitledto100%ofthebenefits.


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2. GSIS (RA 8291)
a. Coverage
c. Benefits
d. Beneficiaries
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1.COVERAGE.
a.Compulsorycoverage.
Membership in the GSIS shall be compulsory for all employees receiving compensation who have not
reachedthecompulsoryretirementage,irrespectiveofemploymentstatus.
2.EXCLUSIONSFROMCOVERAGE.
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b.Membersofthejudiciaryandconstitutionalcommissions.
Membersofthejudiciaryandconstitutionalcommissionsshallhavelifeinsuranceonly.
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3.BENEFITS.
a.BenefitsundertheGSISLaw.
AllmembersoftheGSISshallhavethefollowingbenefits:
1.Monthlypension
2.Separationbenefits
3.Unemploymentorinvoluntaryseparationbenefits
4.Retirementbenefits
5.Permanentdisabilitybenefits
a.Totalandpermanentdisabilitybenefits
b.Permanentandpartialdisabilitybenefits
6.Temporarydisabilitybenefits
7.Nonscheduleddisability
8.Survivorshipbenefits
9.Funeralbenefits
10.Lifeinsurancebenefits
a.Compulsorylifeinsurance
b.Optionalinsurance
3.1.MONTHLYPENSION.
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c.Effectofseparationfromtheservice.
Amemberseparatedfromtheserviceshallcontinuetobeamember,andshallbeentitledtowhatever
benefitshehasqualifiedtointheeventofanycontingencycompensableundertheGSISLaw.
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B.COMPUTATIONOFSERVICE.
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A.BASICMONTHLYPENSION.
Thebasicmonthlypensionisequalto:
(1) 37.5%oftherevaluedaveragemonthlycompensation;plus
(2) 2.5%ofsaidrevaluedaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofserviceinexcessof15years:
Provided, That the basic monthly pension shall not exceed 90% of the average monthly
compensation.
The basic monthly pension shall not be less than P1,300.00: Provided, further, That the basic monthly
pensionforthosewhohaverenderedatleast20yearsofserviceshallnotbelessthanP2,400.00amonth.
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a.ExcludedemployeesundertheGSISLaw.
Exceptedfromitscoverageare:
1. MembersoftheArmedForcesofthePhilippines(AFP)
2. MembersofthePhilippineNationalPolice(PNP)
3. Contractualswhohavenoemployerandemployeerelationshipwiththeagenciestheyserve.
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regardlessofthedurationofthesaidmarriage,bearsnorelationtotheachievementofthepolicyobjectiveofthelaw,
i.e., provide meaningful protection to members and their beneficiaries against the hazard of disability, sickness,
maternity, old age, death and other contingencies resulting in loss of income or financial burden.The nexus of the
classificationtothepolicyobjectiveisvagueandflimsy.Putdifferently,suchclassificationofdependentspousesisnot
germanetotheaforesaidpolicyobjective.


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Thecomputationofserviceforthepurposeofdeterminingtheamountofbenefitsshallbefromthedate
of original appointment/election, including periods of service at different times under one or more employers,
thoseperformedoverseasundertheauthorityoftheRepublicofthePhilippines,andthosethatmaybeprescribed
bytheGSISincoordinationwiththeCivilServiceCommission.
Thetermserviceshallincludefulltimeservicewithcompensation:Provided,Thatparttimeandother
serviceswithcompensationmaybeincludedundersuchrulesandregulationsasmaybeprescribedbytheGSIS.
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C.EXCLUDEDSERVICE.
Allservicecreditedforretirement,resignationorseparationforwhichcorrespondingbenefitshavebeen
awardedundertheGSISLaworotherlawsshallbeexcludedinthecomputationofserviceincaseofreinstatement
intheserviceofanemployerandsubsequentretirementorseparationwhichiscompensableunderthisAct.
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3.2.SEPARATIONBENEFITS.
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Theseparationbenefitsshallconsistof:
(a) acashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservicehe
paid contributions, but not less than P12,000 payable upon reaching 60 years of age or upon
separation,whichevercomeslater:Provided,Thatthememberresignsorseparatesfromtheservice
afterhehasrenderedatleast3yearsofservicebutlessthan15years;or
(b) acashpaymentequivalentto18timeshisbasicmonthlypensionpayableatthetimeofresignation
orseparation,plusanoldagepensionbenefitequaltothebasicmonthlypensionpayablemonthly
forlifeuponreachingtheageof60:Provided,Thatthememberresignsorseparatesfromtheservice
after he has rendered at least 15 years of service and is below 60 years of age at the time of
resignationorseparation.
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3.4.RETIREMENTBENEFITS.
C.CONDITIONSFORENTITLEMENT.
Amemberwhoretiresfromtheserviceshallbeentitledtotheretirementbenefitsprovidedthat:
(1)hehasrenderedatleast15yearsofservice;
(2)heisatleast60yearsofageatthetimeofretirement;and
(3)heisnotreceivingamonthlypensionbenefitfrompermanenttotaldisability.
B.GENERALCONDITIONSFORENTITLEMENT.
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A.WHENDISABILITYCONSIDEREDTOTALANDPERMANENT.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedtotalandpermanent:
(1)completelossofsightofbotheyes;
(2)lossoftwo(2)limbsatorabovetheankleorwrist;
(3)permanentcompleteparalysisoftwo(2)limbs;
(4)braininjuryresultinginincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
(5)suchothercasesasmaybedeterminedbytheGSIS.
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3.6.TOTALANDPERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
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Thereare2kindsofpermanentdisabilitybenefitsundertheGSISLaw:
(1) Totalandpermanentdisability
(2) Permanentandpartialdisability
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3.5.PERMANENTDISABILITYBENEFITS.
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B.COMPULSORYRETIREMENTAGE.
Unless the service is extended by appropriate authorities, retirement shall be compulsory for an
employeeat65yearsofagewithatleast15yearsofservice:Provided,Thatifhehaslessthan15yearsofservice,
hemaybeallowedtocontinueintheserviceinaccordancewithexistingcivilservicerulesandregulations.
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A.AMOUNTOFRETIREMENTBENEFITS.
Retirementbenefitshallbe:
(1) thelumpsumpaymentpayableatthetimeofretirementplusanoldagepensionbenefitequalto
the basic monthly pension payable monthly for life, starting upon expiration of the fiveyear (5)
guaranteedperiodcoveredbythelumpsum;or
(2) cash payment equivalent to 18 months of his basic monthly pension plus monthly pension for life
payableimmediatelywithnofiveyear(5)guarantee.
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Unemploymentbenefitsintheformofmonthlycashpaymentsequivalentto50%oftheaveragemonthly
compensationshallbepaidtoapermanentemployeewhoisinvoluntarilyseparatedfromtheserviceduetothe
abolition of his office or position usually resulting from reorganization: Provided, That he has been paying
integratedcontributionsforatleast1yearpriortoseparation.
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3.3.UNEMPLOYMENTORINVOLUNTARYSEPARATIONBENEFITS.


A member who suffers permanent disability for reasons not due to his grave misconduct, notorious
negligence,habitualintoxication,orwillfulintentiontokillhimselforanother,shallbeentitledtotheretirement
benefits.
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C.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
Ifthepermanentdisabilityistotal,heshallreceiveamonthlyincomebenefitforlifeequaltothebasic
monthlypensioneffectivefromthedateofdisabilityprovidedthat:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofdisability;or
(2) ifseparatedfromtheservice,hehaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionswithinthe5yearperiod
immediatelyprecedinghisdisability,orhaspaidatotalofatleast180monthlycontributions,priorto
hisdisability:Provided,further,Thatifatthetimeofdisability,hewasintheserviceandhaspaida
total of at least 180 monthly contributions, in addition to the monthly income benefit, he shall
receive a cash payment equivalent to 18 times his basic monthly pension: Provided, finally, That a
member cannot enjoy the monthly income benefit for permanent disability and the oldage
retirementsimultaneously.
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Unlessthememberhasreachedtheminimumretirementage,disabilitybenefitshallbesuspendedwhen:
(1) heisreemployedor
(2) herecoversfromdisabilityasdeterminedbytheGSIS,whosedecisionshallbefinalandbinding;or
(3) hefailstopresenthimselfformedicalexaminationwhenrequiredbytheGSIS.
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A.WHENDISABILITYCONSIDEREDPERMANENTANDPARTIAL.
Thefollowingdisabilitiesshallbedeemedpermanentandpartial:
(1)completeandpermanentlossoftheuseof:
(i)anyfinger
(ii)anytoe
(iii)onearm
(iv)onehand
(v)onefoot
(vi)oneleg
(vii)oneorbothears
(viii)hearingofoneorbothears
(ix)sightofoneeye
(2)suchothercasesasmaybedeterminedbytheGSIS.
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3.7.PERMANENTANDPARTIALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
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Ifamemberwhosufferspermanenttotaldisabilitydoesnotsatisfyconditions(1)and(2)above,buthas
renderedatleast3yearsserviceatthetimeofhisdisability,heshallbeadvancedthecashpaymentequivalentto
100% of his average monthly compensation for each year of service he paid contributions, but not less than
P12,000whichshouldhavebeenhisseparationbenefit.
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B.PERMANENTANDPARTIALDISABILITYBENEFITS.
Ifthedisabilityispartial,heshallreceiveacashpaymentinaccordancewithascheduleofdisabilitiesto
beprescribedbytheGSIS:Provided,Thathesatisfieseitherconditions(1)or(2)asfollows:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofdisability;or
(2) ifseparatedfromtheservice,hehaspaidatleast36monthlycontributionswithinthe5yearperiod
immediatelyprecedinghisdisability,orhaspaidatotalofatleast180monthlycontributions,priorto
hisdisability:Provided,further,Thatifatthetimeofdisability,hewasintheserviceandhaspaida
total of at least 180 monthly contributions, in addition to the monthly income benefit, he shall
receive a cash payment equivalent to 18 times his basic monthly pension: Provided, finally, That a
member cannot enjoy the monthly income benefit for permanent disability and the oldage
retirementsimultaneously.
3.8.TEMPORARYDISABILITYBENEFITS.
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A.AMOUNTOFBENEFIT.
A member who suffers temporary total disability for reasons not due to any of the conditions
enumeratedinSection15oftheGSISLaw1shallbeentitledto75%ofhiscurrentdailycompensationforeachday
orfractionthereofoftemporarydisabilitybenefitnotexceeding120daysinonecalendaryearafterexhaustingall
hissickleavecreditsandcollectivebargainingagreementsickleavebenefits,ifany,butnotearlierthanthe4thday
ofhistemporarytotaldisabilityprovidedthatanyofthefollowingconditionsisnotattendant:
(1) heisintheserviceatthetimeofhisdisability;or
(2) ifseparated,hehasrenderedatleastthree(3)yearsofserviceandhaspaidatleastsix(6)monthly
contributionsinthetwelvemonthperiodimmediatelyprecedinghisdisability.
ThetemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitshallinnocasebelessthanP70.00aday.
Grave misconduct, notorious negligence, habitual intoxication, or willful intention to kill himself or another.
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C.EXTENSIONOFPAYMENTOFBENEFIT.
If the disability requires more extensive treatment that lasts beyond 120 days, the payment of the
temporarytotaldisabilitybenefitmaybeextendedbytheGSISbutnottoexceedatotalof240days.
3.9.NONSCHEDULEDDISABILITY.
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For injuries or illnesses resulting in a disability not listed in the schedule of partial/total disability, as
provided in the GSIS Law, the GSIS shall determine the nature of the disability and the corresponding benefits
therefor.
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3.10.SURVIVORSHIPBENEFITS.
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B.DEATHOFAMEMBER.
Under Section 21 of the GSIS Law, upon the death of a member, the primary beneficiaries shall be
entitledto:
(1)survivorshippension:Provided,Thatthedeceased:
(i)wasintheserviceatthetimeofhisdeath;or
(ii)ifseparatedfromtheservice,hasatleast3yearsofserviceatthetimeofhisdeathandhaspaid36
monthly contributions within the 5year period immediately preceding his death; or has paid a
totalofatleast180monthlycontributionspriortohisdeath;or
(2) the survivorship pension plus a cash payment equivalent to 100% of his average monthly
compensationforeveryyearofservice:Provided,Thatthedeceasedwasintheserviceatthetimeof
hisdeathwithatleast3yearsofservice;or
(3) acashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservicehe
paidcontributions,butnotlessthanP12,000.00:Provided,Thatthedeceasedhasrenderedatleast3
yearsofservicepriortohisdeathbutdoesnotqualifyforthebenefitsundertheitem(1)or(2)above
ofthisparagraph.
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UnderParagraph(b)ofSection21,thesurvivorshippensionshallbepaidasfollows:
(1) whenthedependentspouseistheonlysurvivor,he/sheshallreceivethebasicsurvivorshippension
forlifeoruntilhe/sheremarries;
(2) when only dependent children are the survivors, they shall be entitled to the basic survivorship
pensionforaslongastheyarequalified,plusthedependentchildren'spensionequivalentto10%of
the basic monthly pension for every dependent child not exceeding five (5), counted from the
youngestandwithoutsubstitution;
(3) when the survivors are the dependent spouse and the dependent children, the dependent spouse
shall receive the basic survivorship pension for life or until he/she remarries, and the dependent
children shall receive the dependent children's pension mentioned in the immediately preceding
paragraph(2)hereof.
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Intheabsenceofprimarybeneficiaries,thesecondarybeneficiariesshallbeentitledto:
(1) thecashpaymentequivalentto100%ofhisaveragemonthlycompensationforeachyearofservice
hepaidcontributions,butnotlessthanP12,000:Provided,Thatthememberisintheserviceatthe
timeofhisdeathandhasatleast3yearsofservice;or
(2) intheabsenceofsecondarybeneficiaries,thebenefitsunderthisparagraphshallbepaidtohislegal
heirs.
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B.DEATHOFAPENSIONER.
Under Section 22 of the GSIS Law, upon the death of an oldage pensioner or a member receiving the
monthly income benefit for permanentdisability, the qualified beneficiaries shall be entitledto the survivorship
pensiondefinedinSection20oftheGSISLaw(Seeabove),subjecttotheprovisionsofparagraph(b)ofSection21
hereof(Seeabove).Whenthepensionerdieswithintheperiodcoveredbythelumpsum,thesurvivorshippension
shallbepaidonlyaftertheexpirationofthesaidperiod.
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Forpurposesofthesurvivorshipbenefits,legitimatechildrenshallincludelegallyadoptedandlegitimate
children.
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A.COMPONENTSOFTHESURVIVORSHIPBENEFITS.
UnderSection20oftheGSISLaw,whenamemberorpensionerdies,thebeneficiariesshallbeentitledto
survivorship benefits provided in Sections 21 (Death of a Member) and 22 (Death of a Pensioner) hereunder
subjecttotheconditionsthereinprovidedfor.Thesurvivorshippensionshallconsistof:
(1) thebasicsurvivorshippensionwhichis50%ofthebasicmonthlypension;and
(2) thedependentchildren'spensionnotexceeding50%ofthebasicmonthlypension.
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B.PROHIBITION.
Amembercannotenjoythetemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitandsickleavepaysimultaneously.


3.11.FUNERALBENEFITS.
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A.COMPULSORYLIFEINSURANCE.
All employees except for Members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine
NationalPolice(PNP)shall,undersuchtermsandconditionsasmaybepromulgatedbytheGSIS,becompulsorily
coveredwithlifeinsurance,whichshallautomaticallytakeeffectasfollows:
(1) forthoseemployedaftertheeffectivityoftheGSISLaw,theirinsuranceshalltakeeffectonthedate
oftheiremployment;
(2) forthosewhoseinsurancewillmatureaftertheeffectivityoftheGSISLaw,theirinsuranceshallbe
deemedrenewedonthedayfollowingthematurityorexpirydateoftheirinsurance;
(3) for those without any life insuranceas ofthe effectivityof the GSIS Law, their insurance shall take
effectfollowingsaideffectivity.
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3.12.LIFEINSURANCEBENEFITS.
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Dividends.AnannualdividendmaybegrantedtoallmembersoftheGSISwhoselifeinsuranceisinforce
foratleast1yearinaccordancewithadividendallocationformulatobedeterminedbytheGSIS.
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a.Dependents.
Dependentsshallbethefollowing:
(a) thelegitimatespousedependentforsupportuponthememberorpensioner;
(b) the legitimate, legitimated, legally adopted child, including the illegitimate child, who is unmarried,
notgainfullyemployed,notovertheageofmajority,orisovertheageofmajoritybutincapacitated
andincapableofselfsupportduetoamentalorphysicaldefectacquiredpriortoageofmajority;and
(c) theparentsdependentuponthememberforsupport.
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b.Beneficiaries.
Thereare2kindsofbeneficiariesundertheGSISLawasfollows:
1. Primary beneficiaries The legal dependent spouse until he/she remarries and the dependent
children.
2. Secondary beneficiaries The dependent parents and, subject to the restrictions on dependent
children,thelegitimatedescendants.
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GainfulOccupationAnyproductiveactivitythatprovidedthememberwithincomeatleastequaltothe
minimumcompensationofgovernmentemployees.
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3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)
================================
f.
[R.A.No.7699[AnActInstitutingLimitedPortabilitySchemeintheSocialSecurityInsuranceSystembyTotalizingthe
WorkersCreditableServicesorContributionsinEachoftheSystems]approvedonMay1,1994.]
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1.LIMITEDPORTABILITYSCHEMETOTALIZINGTHEWORKERSCREDITABLESERVICESORCONTRIBUTIONSTOBOTH
SSSANDGSIS.
a.Declaredpolicyistoestablishaunitarysocialsecuritysystem.
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4.BENEFICIARIES.
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B.OPTIONALINSURANCE.
Subject to the rules and regulations prescribed by the GSIS, a member may apply for insurance and/or
preneedcoverageembracinglife,health,hospitalization,education,memorialplans,andsuchotherplansasmay
bedesignedbytheGSIS,forhimselfand/orhisdependents.Anyemployermaylikewiseapplyforgroupinsurance
coverage for its employees. The payment of the premiums/installments for optional insurance and preneed
productsmaybemadebytheinsuredorhisemployerand/oranypersonacceptabletotheGSIS.
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TheamountoffuneralbenefitshallbedeterminedandspecifiedbytheGSISintherulesandregulations
butshallnotbelessthanP12,000.00:Provided,ThatitshallbeincreasedtoatleastP18,000.00afterfive(5)years
andshallbepaiduponthedeathof:
(a) anactivememberasdefinedunderSection2(e)ofthisAct;or
(b) a member who has been separated from the service, but who may be entitled to future benefit
pursuanttoSection4ofthisAct;or
(c) apensioner,asdefinedinSection2(o)ofthisAct;or
(d) aretireewhoatthetimeofhisretirementwasofpensionableageunderthisActbutwhooptedto
retireunderRepublicActNo.1616.


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b.Totalization,defined.
Thetermtotalizationreferstotheprocessofaddinguptheperiodsofcreditableservicesorcontributions
undereachoftheSystems,forthepurposeofeligibilityandcomputationofbenefits.3
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c.Portability,defined.
Ontheotherhand,thetermportabilityreferstothetransferoffundsfortheaccountandbenefitofaworker
whotransfersfromonesystemtotheother.4
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d.Applicabilityoflimitedportabilityscheme.
ThebenefitsprovidedunderR.A.No.7699applytoactiveorinactivemembersofeitherSystem(GSIS/SSS)as
ofthedateofitseffectivityonMay20,1994.5
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e.Coverage.
R.A.No.7699anditsimplementingrulesapplytoallworkermembersoftheGSISand/orSSSwhotransfer
fromthepublicsectortotheprivatesectororviceversa,orwhowishtoretaintheirmembershipinbothSystems.6
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f.CreditabilityandtotalizationofcontributionsandbenefitsinSSSandGSIS.
UnderSection3ofR.A.No.7699,itisenunciatedthatprovisionsofanygeneralorspeciallaworrulesand
regulationstothecontrarynotwithstanding,acoveredworkerwhotransfersemploymentfromonesectortoanother(i.
e.,fromprivatesectortopublicsector,orviceversa),orisemployedinbothsectors,shallhavehiscreditableservicesor
contributionsinbothSystems(GSISandSSS)creditedtohisserviceorcontributionrecordineachoftheSystemsand
shallbetotalizedforpurposesofoldage,disability,survivorshipandotherbenefitsincasethecoveredmemberdoes
notqualifyforsuchbenefitsineitherorbothSystemswithouttotalizationprovided,however,thatoverlappingperiodsof
membershipshallbecreditedonlyonceforpurposesoftotalization.
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h.Totalizationofcontributionsandbenefits;howprocessed.
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1.Contributions.
AllcontributionspaidbysuchmemberpersonallyandthosethatwerepaidbyhisemployerstobothSystems
(GSIS and SSS) shall be considered in the processing of benefits which he can claim from either or both Systems,
provided, however, that the amount of benefits to be paid by one System shall be in proportion to the number of
contributionsactuallyremittedtothatSystem.8
ThetermcontributionsreferstothecontributionspaidbytheemployeeorworkertoeithertheGSISorthe
SSSonaccountoftheworkersmembership.9
Section 1, R.A. No. 7699.

Section 2, R.A. No. 7699; Section 1 [e], Rule III, Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699.
Section 2, Ibid.; Section 1 [b], Rule III, Ibid..
5 Section 1, Rule VII, Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act No. 7699.
6 Section 1, Rule I, Ibid..
7 Section 2, Rule IV, Ibid..
8 Section 4, R.A. No. 7699.
9 Section 2, Republic Act No. 7699; Section 1 [a], Rule III, Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699.
10 Section 1 [f], Rule III, Ibid..
11 Section 1 [g], Rule III, Ibid..
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2.Creditableservicesorperiodsofcontributions.
All creditable services or periods of contributions made continuously or in the aggregate of a worker under
eitherofthesectorsshallbeaddedupandconsideredforpurposesofeligibilityandcomputationofbenefits.(Section1,
RuleV,RulesandRegulationsImplementingRepublicActNo.7699).
Thetermcreditableservicesinsofarasthepublicsectorisconcerned,referstothefollowing:
1. Allpreviousservicesrenderedbyanofficial/employeepursuanttoanappointment,whetherpermanent,
provisionalortemporary;
2. All previous services rendered by an official/employee pursuant to a dulyapproved appointment to a
positionintheCivilServicewithcompensationorsalary;
3. Theperiodduringwhichanofficialoremployeewasonauthorizedsickleaveofabsencewithoutpaynot
exceedingone(1)year;
4.Theperiodduringwhichanofficialoremployeewasoutoftheserviceasaresultofillegalterminationofhis
servicesasfinallydecidedbytheproperauthorities;and
5.Allpreviousserviceswithcompensationorsalaryrenderedbyelectiveofficials.10
Thetermperiodsofcontributionsfortheprivatesectorreferstotheperiodsduringwhichapersonrenders
servicesforan employer with compensation or salary,andduring whichcontributions werepaid to the SSS.Aself
employedpersonisconsideredanemployeeandemployeratthesametime.11
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g.Limitedportabilityoffunds.
Theprocessesinvolvedinthepromptpaymentofmoneybenefitstoeligiblemembersisthejointresponsibility
oftheGSISandSSS.(Section1,RuleIV,RulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A.No.7699).
TheSystemorSystemsresponsibleforthepaymentofmoneybenefitsdueacoveredworkershallreleasethe
samewithinfifteen(15)workingdaysfromreceiptoftheclaim,subjecttothesubmissionoftherequireddocuments
andavailabilityofcompleteemployee/employerrecordsintheSystemorSystems.7
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It is the declared policy of the State to institute a scheme for totalization and portability of social security
benefitswiththeviewofestablishingwithinareasonableperiod,aunitarysocialsecuritysystem.2


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3.Benefits.
Allservicesrenderedorcontributionspaidbyamemberpersonallyandthosethatwerepaidbytheemployers
toeitherSystemshallbeconsideredinthecomputationofbenefitswhichmaybeclaimedfromeitherorbothSystems.
However,theamountofbenefitstobepaidbyoneSystemshallbeinproportiontotheservicesrenderedorperiodsof
contributionsmadetothatSystem.13
UnderSection1[j],RuleIIIoftheRulesandRegulationsImplementingR.A.No.7699,benefitsrefertothe
following:
1.Oldagebenefit;
2.Disabilitybenefit;
3.Survivorshipbenefit;
4.Sicknessbenefit;
5. Medicarebenefit,providedthatthemembershallclaimsaidbenefitfromtheSystemwherehewas
lastamember;and
6. SuchotherbenefitscommontobothSystemsthatmaybeavailedofthroughtotalization.
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i.Totalization;whenapplicable.
Totalizationappliesinthefollowinginstances:
a.ifaworkerisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfrombothSystems;or
b.ifaworkerinthepublicsectorisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfromtheGSIS;or
c.ifaworkerintheprivatesectorisnotqualifiedforanybenefitsfromtheSSS.
Forpurposesofcomputationofbenefits,totalizationappliesinallcasessothatthecontributionsmadebythe
workermemberinbothSystemsshallprovidemaximumbenefitswhichotherwisewillnotbeavailable.Innocaseshall
thecontributionbelostorforfeited.14
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j.Effectifworkerisnotqualifiedaftertotalization.
If after totalization, the workermember still does not qualify for any benefit listed in Rule III, Section 1 [j]
[supra] of the Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699, the member will then get whatever benefits
correspondtohis/hercontributionsineitherorbothSystems.15
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k.EffectifworkerqualifiesforbenefitsinbothSystems.
IfaworkerqualifiesforbenefitsinbothSystems,totalizationshallnotapply.16
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l.Processesoftotalization;jointresponsibilityofGSISandSSS.
The processes of totalization of creditable services or periods of contributions and computation of benefits
providedunderR.A.No.7699arethejointresponsibilityoftheGSISandtheSSS.17
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m.Effectofoverlappingperiodsofcreditableservices.
Overlapping periods of creditable services or contributions in both Systems shall be credited only once for
purposesoftotalization.18
Overlapping of periods refers to the periods during which a worker simultaneously contributes to both
19
Systems.
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4. Employees Compensation
Coverage and when compensable
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Relevant legal provisions : Articles 166 to 208-A, Title II, Book IV of the Labor Code.
1.BACKGROUNDONTHESTATEINSURANCEFUND[SIF].
f.
a.SIFcreatedfromcontributionsofemployers.
Section 1 [h], Rule III, Ibid..

Section 2, Rule V, Ibid..
Section 3, Rule V, Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699
Section 4, Rule V, Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7699.
16 Section 5, Rule V, Ibid..
19 Section 1 [i], Rule III, Ibid..
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15
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Gamogamov.PNOCShippingandTransportCorp.,[G.R.No.141707,May7,2002]
Following the concept of totalization, the High Court in this case pronounced that obviously, totalization of
servicecreditsisonlyresortedtowhentheretireedoesnotqualifyforbenefitsineitherorbothoftheSystems.Incase
theemployeeisqualifiedtoreceivebenefitsgrantedbytheGSISortheSSS,asthecasemaybe,hecannotavailofthe
benefitsunderR.A.No.7699.
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The term eligibility means that the worker has satisfied the requirements for entitlement to the benefits
providedforunderR.A.No.7699.12


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b.Two(2)separateSIFs.
Therearetwo(2)separateanddistinctStateInsuranceFunds:oneestablishedundertheSSSforprivatesector
employees;andtheother,undertheGSISforpublicsectoremployees.ThemanagementandinvestmentoftheFunds
are done separately and distinctly by the SSS and the GSIS. It is used exclusively for payment of the employees
compensationbenefitsandnoamountthereofisauthorizedtobeusedforanyotherpurpose.20
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c.Three(3)agenciesinvolvedintheimplementationoftheECP.
There are three (3) agencies involved in the implementation of the Employees Compensation Program
(ECP). These are: The Employees Compensation Commission (ECC) which is mandated to initiate, rationalize and
coordinatepoliciesoftheECPandtoreviewappealedcasesfromtheGovernmentServiceInsuranceSystem(GSIS)and
theSocialSecuritySystem(SSS),theadministeringagenciesoftheECP.
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d.RoleoftheGSISandSSS.
AsadministeringagenciesoftheECP,bothGSISandSSSaretaskedto:
1. Evaluateallemployeescompensation(EC)claimsfiledwithinagivenperiodandpaythecorrespondingEC
benefits;
2. CollectECpremiumsremittedbyemployers;and
3. ManagetheStateInsuranceFund.
BoththeGSISandtheSSSinvestthefundsinprofitableventurestogenerateearningswhichwillformpartof
theStateInsuranceFund(SIF)fromwhichpaymentsforemployeescompensationclaimsaresourced.
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f.Roleoftheemployer.
Onthepartoftheemployer,itsdutyisonlytopaytheregularmonthlypremiumstotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).It
doesnotlookforinsurancecompaniestomeetsuddendemandsforcompensationpaymentsorsetupitsownfundsto
meetthosecontingencies.Itdoesnothavetodefenditselffromspuriouslydocumentedorlongpastclaims.
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2.SCOPEOFCOVERAGEOFTHEECP.
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g.Roleoftheemployee.
The injured worker does not have to litigate his right to compensation. There is no notice of injury nor
requirementofcontroversion.ThesickworkerissimplyrequiredtofileaclaimwiththeECCwhichdetermines,onthe
basis of theemployees supporting papersand medical evidence, whether ornot compensation shouldbepaid. The
paymentofbenefitsismorepromptadthecostofadministrationislow.
Theemployernolongeropposesorfightsaclaimforcompensationbytheemployee.Resultantly,thelopsided
situationofanemployeragainstoneemployeeisabsent.21
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a.Generalcoverage.
ThefollowingshallbecoveredbytheEmployeesCompensationProgram(ECP):
1.Allemployers;
2.Everyemployeenotoversixty(60)yearsofage;
3. Anemployeeover60yearsofagewhohadbeenpayingcontributionstotheSystem(GSIS/SSS)priortoage
sixty(60)andhasnotbeencompulsorilyretired;and
4. Any employee who is coverable by both the GSIS and SSS and should be compulsorily covered by both
Systems.22
20
21
22
Article 179, as amended by Section 4, P.D. No. 1368.

Sarmiento v. ECC, G.R. No. L-65680, May 11, 1988, 161 SCRA 312.
Article 168, Ibid.; Section 2, Rule I, Ibid..
14
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b.SectorsofemployeescoveredbytheECP.
ThefollowingsectorsarecoveredundertheECP:
1.All public sector employees including those of governmentowned and/or controlled corporations and
localgovernmentunitscoveredbytheGSIS;
2.AllemployeesintheprivatesectorcoveredbytheSSS;and
3.OverseasFilipinoworkers(OFWs),namely:
a. FilipinoseafarerscompulsorilycoveredundertheSSS.
b. Landbased contract workers provided that their employer, natural or juridical, is engaged in any
trade,industryorbusinessundertakinginthePhilippines;otherwise,theyshallnotbecoveredbythe
ECP.
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e.RoleoftheECC.
Thelawappliesthesocialsecurityprincipleinthehandlingofworkmenscompensation.Towardsthisend,the
EmployeesCompensationCommission(ECC)administersandsettlesclaimsfromafundunderitsexclusivecontrol.The
employerdoesnotinterveneinthecompensationprocessandithasnocontrol,asinthepast,overpaymentofbenefits.
TheopenendedTableofOccupationalDiseasesrequiresnoproofofcausation.Acoveredclaimantsufferingfroman
occupationaldiseaseisautomaticallypaidbenefits.
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The State Insurance Fund (SIF) is built up by the contributions of employers based on the salaries of their
employeesasprovidedundertheLaborCode.


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c.Natureofcoverage.
Thecoverageiscompulsoryinnature.23
3.1.MEDICALBENEFITS.
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3.EMPLOYEESCOMPENSATIONBENEFITS.
ThefollowingarethebenefitsprovidedundertheLaborCode:
a.MedicalBenefits24
b.DisabilityBenefits25
1.Temporarytotaldisability26
2.Permanenttotaldisability27
3.Permanentpartialdisability28
c.DeathBenefit29
d.FuneralBenefit30
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a.Conditionsforentitlementtomedicalservices,appliancesandsupplies.
Anyemployeeisentitledtosuchmedicalservices,appliancesandsuppliesasthenatureofhisdisabilityandthe
progressofhisrecoverymayrequire,subjecttotheexpenselimitationascontainedinAnnexCoftheAmendedRules
onEmployeesCompensation,ifallofthefollowingconditionsaresatisfied:
1.HehasbeendulyreportedtotheSystem(GSIS/SSS);
2.Hesustainsaninjuryorcontractssickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsickness.31
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c.Extentofservices.
Theemployeeisentitledtothebenefitsonlyforthewardservicesofanaccreditedhospitalandaccredited
physician.However,iftheemployeechoosesaccommodationsbetterthanwardservices,theexcessofthetotalamount
ofexpensesincurredoverthebenefitsprovidedunderAnnexCoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation
(infra),shallbebornebytheemployee.34
Thehospitalshallprovideallthemedicines,drugsorsuppliesnecessaryforthetreatmentoftheemployeeata
costnotexceedingtheretailpricesprevailinginlocaldrugstores.35
Payments shall be made directly to the providers of such services in such amount as are prevailing in the
communityforsimilarservicesorprovidedundertheschedulesetforthinsaidAnnexC,whicheverisless.36
Therightoftheemployeetoseekreimbursementformedicalexpensesdoesnotonlypertaintothoseincurred
fortheprincipalorprimaryailmentbutextendstothoseincurredforcomplicationsarisingtherefromevenifthesame
occurredaftertheemployeehadalreadyretired.
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d.Lossofwagesorearningcapacitynotrequired.
ItisworthytonotethatArticle185doesnotimposeasaprerequisiteforthegrantofmedicalbenefits,that
theinjuredorsickemployeeshouldshowproofthathesufferedlossofwagesorearningcapacityasaresultofsuch
injuryorsickness.Thelawisclearthattheinjuredorsickemployeeisimmediatelyentitledtobeprovidedduringthe
subsequentperiodofhisdisability,withsuchmedicalservicesandappliancesasthenatureofhissicknessorinjuryand
progressofhisrecoverymayrequire.37
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a.Totaldisability,whentemporary.
Article 168, Labor Code; See also Section 1, Rule I, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Articles 185 to 190, Chapter V, Title II, Book IV, Labor Code
Articles 191 to 193, Chapter VI, Title II, Book IV, Labor Code
26 Article 191, Labor Code.
29 Article 194, Chapter VII, Title II, Book IV, Labor Code.
30 Section 1, Rule XIV, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
31 Section 1, Rule VIII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
32 Section 2, Rule VIII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
33 Itogon-Suyoc Mines, Inc. v. Dulay, G.R. No. L-18974, Sept. 30, 1963.
34 Section 3 [a], Rule VIII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
35 Section 3 [b], Rule VIII, Ibid..
36 Section 3 [c], Rule VIII, Ibid..
37 Article 185, Labor Code; Corales v. ECC, G.R. No. L-44063, Feb. 27, 1979, 88 SCRA 547.
23
24
25
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b.Periodofentitlement.
Themedicalservices,appliancesandsuppliesarerequiredtobeprovidedtotheafflictedemployeebeginning
onthefirstdayofinjuryorsickness,duringthesubsequentperiodofhisdisability,andastheprogressofhisrecovery
mayrequire.32
TheobligationoftheSIFtoprovidemedicalservicesshallcontinueforaslongastheemployeeissick.Thisduty
isnotendedevenifemploymentwasterminated.33
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c.StartofcoverageofemployeesundertheECP.
The coverage under the ECP of employees in the private and public sectors starts on the first day of their
employment.


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b.Conditionstoentitlementincaseoftemporarytotaldisability.
An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for temporary total disability if all of the following
conditionsaresatisfied:
2.Hesustainsthetemporarytotaldisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such illness or injury occurred before the employee is duly
reportedforcoveragetotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).40
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c.Whentocommencepaymentofbenefits.
Theincomebenefitinthecaseoftemporarytotaldisabilityshouldbepaidbeginningonthefirstdayofsuch
disability.Ifcausedbyaninjuryorsickness,itshouldnotbepaidlongerthan120consecutivedaysexceptwheresuch
injuryorsicknessstillrequiresmedicalattentionbeyond120daysbutnottoexceed240daysfromtheonsetofthe
disability,inwhichcase,benefitfortemporarytotaldisabilityshallbepaid.However,theSystem(GSIS/SSS)maydeclare
thetotalandpermanentstatusatanytimeafter120daysofcontinuoustemporarytotaldisabilityasmaybewarranted
bythedegreeofactuallossorimpairmentofphysicalormentalfunctionsasdeterminedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS).41
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e.Incomebenefitfortemporarytotaldisability.
Anyemployeeentitledtothebenefitfortemporarytotaldisabilityshallbepaidanincomebenefitequivalent
to ninety percent (90%) of his average daily salary credit as determined by the System (GSIS/SSS), subject to the
followingconditions:
1. TheincomebenefitshallnotbemorethanP200.00perdayforprivatesectorworkersandP90.00perday
forpublicsectoremployeesandshallnotbepaidlongerthan120daysforthesamedisabilityunlessthe
injuryorsicknessrequiresmoreextensivetreatmentthatlastsbeyond120daysbutnottoexceed240
daysfromtheonsetofthedisability,inwhichcase,heshallbepaidbenefitfortemporarytotaldisability
duringtheextendedperiod.
2. Themonthlyincomebenefitshallbesuspendediftheemployeefailstosubmitamonthlymedicalreport
certified by his attending physician as required under Section 5 of Rule IV of the Amended Rules on
EmployeesCompensation.[SeeECCResolutionNo.3682datedJuly21,1987].43
SaidSection5ofRuleIVoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensationrequiresthatanemployee
enjoyingtemporarytotaldisabilitybenefitsshallsubmittotheSystem(GSIS/SSS)amonthlymedicalreport
onhisdisabilitycertifiedbyhisattendingphysician;otherwise,hisbenefitshallbesuspendeduntilsuch
timethathecomplieswiththisrequirement.Further,hemustalsosubmithimselfforexaminationupon
beingnotifiedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS),atleastonceayear.
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3.3.PERMANENTTOTALDISABILITY.
a.Permanentdisability,defined.
Permanent disability is the inability of a worker to perform his job for more than 120 days, regardless of
whetherornothelosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.44
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b.Totaldisability,defined.
Totaldisability,ontheotherhand,meansdisablementofanemployeetoearnwagesinthesamekindof
work,orworkofasimilarnaturethathewastrainedfor,oraccustomedtoperform,oranykindofworkwhichaperson
ofhismentalityandattainmentcoulddo.45
Total disability is lack of ability to follow continuously some substantial gainful occupation without serious
discomfortorpainandwithoutmaterialinjurytohealthanddangertolife.46
Article 191, Labor Code; Section 2 [a], Rule VII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Fedillo v. WCC, G.R. No. L-43642, Jan. 17, 1985, 134 SCRA 56.
Section 1, Rule X, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
41 Section 2 [a], Rule X, Ibid..
42 Section 3, Rule VII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
43 Section 3, Rule X, Ibid..
44 Crystal Shipping, Inc. v. Natividad, G.R. No. 154798, October 20, 2005; GSIS v. Cadiz, G.R. No. 154093, July 8, 2003, 405 SCRA 450, 454; Ijares v. CA, G.R. No. 105854, Aug. 26, 1999, 313 SCRA 141, 149-150.
45 GSIS v. Cadiz, G.R. No. 154093, July 8, 2003; Transmarine Carriers, Inc. v. NLRC, G.R. No. 123891, February 28, 2001, 353 SCRA 47; GSIS v. CA, G.R. No. 132648, March 4, 1999, 363 Phil. 585, 592.
46 Malimata v. ECC, G.R. No. 91777, Feb. 19, 1991, 194 SCRA 264; Medina v. ECC, G.R. No. L-62406, March 22, 1986.
38
39
40
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d.Cashpaymentoftemporarytotaldisabilitybenefit.
Temporarytotaldisabilityresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessiscompensablebycashpaymentsandnotthe
injuryorsicknessitself.42
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Atotaldisabilityistemporaryif,asaresultoftheinjuryorsickness,theemployeeisunabletoperformany
gainfuloccupationforacontinuousperiodofnotexceeding120days,exceptwhensuchdisabilitystillrequiresmedical
attendancebeyond120days,butnottoexceed240days.38
Ifthedisabilityistheresultofaninjuryorsickness,theperiodofcompensabilityshallbecountedfromthefirst
dayofsuchinjuryorsickness.
Anemployeewholaterhadtostopworkingduetoacompensableillnessisalsoentitledtotemporarytotal
disabilitybenefits.39


Total disability does not mean a state of absolute helplessness. A total disability does not require that the
employee be absolutely disabled or totally paralyzed. What is necessary is that the injury must be such that the
employeecannotpursuehisusualworkandearntherefrom.47
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SeagullMaritimeCorp.v.Dee,[G.R.No.165156,April2,2007]
Itwasheldinthiscasethatalthoughprivaterespondentsinjurywasundeniablyconfinedtohisleftfootonly,
however, the inescapable impact of private respondents injury on his capacity to work as a seaman cannot be
disregarded.Intheirdesiretoescapeliabilityfromprivaterespondentsrightfulclaim,petitionersdenigratedthefact
thatevenifprivaterespondentinsistsoncontinuingtoworkasaseaman,noprofitmindedemployerwillhirehim.His
injuryerasedallthesepossibilities.
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GSISv.CA,[G.R.No.132648,March4,1999,363Phil.585,592]
TheHighCourtheldherethatwhilepermanenttotaldisabilityinvariablyresultsinanemployeeslossofwork
or inability to perform his usual work, permanent partial disability occurs when an employee loses the use of any
particularanatomicalpartofhisbodywhichdisableshimtocontinuewithhisformerwork.Statedotherwise,thetestof
whether or not an employee suffers from permanent total disability is the capacity of the employee to continue
performinghisworknotwithstandingthedisabilityheincurred.Ifbyreasonoftheinjuryorsicknesshesustained,the
employeeisunabletoperformhiscustomaryjobformorethan120daysandhedoesnotcomewithinthecoverageof
RuleXoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation(which,inamoredetailedmanner,describeswhatconstitutes
temporarytotaldisability),thenthesaidemployeeundoubtedlysuffersfromapermanenttotaldisabilityregardlessof
whetherornothelosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.Permanenttotaldisabilitydoesnotmeanastateofabsolute
helplessness,butmeansdisablementofanemployeetoearnwagesinthesamekindofwork,orworkofsimilarnature
thathewastrainedfor,oranyworkwhichapersonofsimilarmentalityandattainmentcoulddo.
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d.Totaldisabilitiesconsideredpermanent.
The following total disabilities are considered permanent:
1. Temporarytotaldisabilitylastingcontinuouslyformorethan120daysandpreventsanemployeefrom
pursuinghisusualworkandearningtherefrom.50
2. Completelossofsightofbotheyes;
3. Lossoftwolimbsatorabovetheanklesorwrists;
4. Permanentandcompleteparalysisoftwolimbs;
5. Braininjuryresultinginincurableimbecilityorinsanity;and
6. SuchcasesasdeterminedbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS)andapprovedbytheECC.51
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Palisocv.EaswaysMarine,Inc.,[G.R.No.152273,September11,2007]
Thepetitionerherewasunabletoperformhisjobformorethan120daysfromthetimeofhisrepatriation
which entitles him to permanent disability benefits.Thus, even in the absence of an official finding by a company
designatedphysicianthatpetitionerisunfitforseaduty,heisdeemedtohavesufferedpermanentdisabilitybecauseof
hisinabilitytoworkformorethan120days.TheCourtofAppealserredinrulingthatpetitionersoperationinvolving
the removal of his gallbladder is not a compensable injury, disease, or illness under Appendix 1 of the POEASEC.
Permanentdisabilityreferstotheinabilityofaworkertoperformhisjobformorethan120days,regardlessofwhether
helosestheuseofanypartofhisbody.Whatdeterminespetitionersentitlementtopermanentdisabilitybenefitsishis
inabilitytoworkformorethan120days.
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e.Litmustestanddistinctionbetweenpermanenttotaldisabilityandpermanentpartialdisability.
InVicentev.ECC,[G.R.No.85024,January23,1991,193SCRA190],theSupremeCourtlaiddownthelitmus
testanddistinctionbetweenPermanentTotalDisabilityandPermanentPartialDisability,towit:
[W]hile permanent total disability invariably results in an employees loss of work or
inabilitytoperformhisusualwork,permanentpartialdisability,ontheotherhand,occurswhenan
Austria v. CA, G.R. No. 146636, Aug. 12, 2002, 387 SCRA 216, 221, citing Gonzaga v. ECC, No. L-62287, Jan. 31, 1984, 127 SCRA 443.
Section 2 [b], Rule VII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation; Diopenes v. GSIS, G.R. No. 96844, Jan. 23, 1992, 205 SCRA 331; Aquino v. ECC, G.R. No. 89558, Aug. 22, 1991, 201 SCRA 84; Vicente v. ECC, G.R. No. 85024, Jan. 23, 1991.
Bejerano v. ECC, G.R. No. 84777, Jan. 30, 1992, 205 SCRA 598; Crystal Shipping, Inc. v. Natividad, G.R. No. 154798, October 20, 2005.
50 Section 1 [b], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation; Diopenes v. GSIS, G.R. No. 96844, Jan. 23, 1992, 205 SCRA 331;; Palisoc v. Easways Marine, Inc., infra.
51 Section 1 [b], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
47
48
49
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GSISv.Cadiz,[G.R.No.154093,July8,2003]
Itwasdeclaredinthiscasethatthefactthattheemployeedidnotlosetheuseofanypartofhisbodydoesnot
justifythedenialofhisclaimforpermanenttotaldisability.
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c.Disability,whentotalandpermanent.
Adisabilityistotalandpermanentif,asaresultoftheinjuryorsickness,theemployeeisunabletoperformany
gainfuloccupationforacontinuousperiodexceeding120days.48
Moreover,thefactthatthepermanentlyandtotallydisabledemployeecontinuestoworkaftersuchdisability
doesnotdeprivehimofthebenefitsprovidedunderthelaw.(Makabaliv.ECC,G.R.No.L51533,Nov.29,1983).
For what is important consideration is the inability to do substantially all material acts necessary for the
prosecutionofagainfuloccupationwithoutseriousdiscomfortorpainandwithoutmaterialinjuryordangertolife.In
disabilitycompensation,itisnottheinjurypersewhichiscompensatedbuttheincapacitytowork.49
Disabilityisintimatelyrelatedtoonesearningcapacity.Thetesttodetermineitsgravityistheimpairmentor
lossofonescapacitytoearnandnotitsmeremedicalsignificance.


satisfied:
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f. Requisites for entitlement to income benefit for permanent total disability.

An employee is entitled to an income benefit for permanent total disability if all of the following conditions are
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g.ECCBoardResolutionNo.98090563[September25,1998].
ECCBoardResolutionNo.98090563issuedonSeptember25,1998,enunciatedthefollowingconditionsthat
should be taken into account in considering disability as permanent, in addition to the existing rules and regulations
relative to permanent total disability, and in consonance with the Supreme Courts pronouncement on liberal
constructionindisabilityclaimscases:
1.Ifthedisabilityresultstodisablementofanemployeeorworkertoearnwagesinthesamekindofwork,or
workofsimilarnaturethathe/hewastrainedfor;
2.Ifthedisabilityresultstodisablementofanemployeeorworkertoearnwagesinanykindofworkwhicha
personofhismentalityandattainmentcoulddo;
3.If the disability results to the inability of an employee or worker to do substantially all material acts
necessarytotheprosecutionofanoccupationforremunerationorprofitinsubstantiallycustomaryand
usualmanner;
4. If the disability results to the lack of ability of an employee or worker to follow continuously the same
substantialgainfuloccupationwithoutseriousdiscomfortorpainandwithoutinjuryordangertolife;
5. If an employee or worker is compelled to retire or cease from employment before reaching the age of
compulsoryretirementbyreasonofworkrelatedcontingency;
6. If,afterretirement,anemployeeorworkerdieswithinareasonableperiodoftime,andthecauseofhis
death isthedisabilityailment or injury, inwhichevent,hisdisability shallbeconsideredpermanentand
total;
7.If the temporary and total disability shall last continuously for more than 120 days, except as otherwise
providedinRuleXoftheexistingimplementingrulesandregulationsofP.D.No.626,asamended.
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Garciav.CompensationAppealsandReviewStaff,[G.R.No.L59651,December6,1985,140SCRA376]
Thedenialofpermanenttotaldisabilitybenefitstotheclaimantinthiscase,whowasaschoolteacherwith
thirtyeight(38)yearsofdedicatedservice,wouldrenderinutileandmeaningless,thesocialjusticepreceptguaranteed
bytheConstitution.Theclaimantisentitlednotonlytopartialdisabilitybuttofullcompensationbecauseherillness
rendered her incapable of teaching. That claimants employment had contributed even in a small degree to the
developmentofthediseaseisenoughforcompensabilityofclaim.53
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h.Paymentforallcompensablemonthsofdisability.
In case of permanent total disability, the full monthly income benefits should be paid for all compensable
monthsofdisability.54
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i.Effectofcessationofgrantofemployeescompensationbenefitstoentitlementtobenefitsforthesame
disabilityinanotherlawbeingadministeredbytheSystem.
After the benefit under the Employees Compensation Program (ECP) has ceased, and if the employee is
otherwise qualified for benefit for the same disability under another law administered by the System (GSIS/SSS), he
should be paid such benefit in accordance with the provisions of that law. This rule applies to contingencies which
occurredpriortoMay1,1978.55
Section 1 [a], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.

See also Tolosa v. ECC, G.R. No. 60509, May 8, 1985, 136 SCRA 335 involving same principle.
Section 2 [a], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
55 Section 2 [b], Rule XI, Ibid..
52
53
54
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j.5yearguaranteedmonthlyincomebenefits;groundsforsuspensionofgrantofbenefits.
Exceptasotherwiseprovidedinotherlaws,decrees,ordersorlettersofinstructions,themonthlyincome
benefitisguaranteedforfive(5)yearsandshallbesuspendedunderanyofthefollowingconditions:
1.FailuretopresenthimselfforexaminationatleastonceayearuponnoticebytheSystem;
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1. He has been duly reported to the System (GSIS/SSS);

2. Hesustainsthepermanenttotaldisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3. TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is duly
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employeelosestheuseofanyparticularanatomicalpartofhisbodywhichdisableshimtocontinue
with his former work. Stated otherwise, the test of whether or not an employee suffers from
permanenttotaldisabilityisashowingofthecapacityoftheemployeetocontinueperforminghis
work notwithstanding the disability he incurred. Thus, if by reason of the injury or sickness he
sustained,theemployeeisunabletoperformhiscustomaryjobformorethan120daysandhedoes
notcomewithinthecoverageofRuleXoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensability(which,
in a more detailed manner, describes what constitutes temporary total disability), then the said
employeeundoubtedlysuffersfrompermanenttotaldisabilityregardlessofwhetherornotheloses
theuseofanypartofhisbody.(SeealsoSocialSecurityCommission,v.CA,G.R.No.152058,Sept.
27,2004;Ijaresv.CourtofAppeals,G.R.No.105854,Aug.26,1999,313SCRA141).


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k.Cashpaymentofpermanenttotaldisabilitybenefit.
Permanenttotaldisabilityresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessiscompensablebycashpaymentsandnotthe
injuryorsicknessitself.57
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l.Monthlyincomebenefit.
AnyemployeeentitledtopermanenttotaldisabilitybenefitsshallbepaidbytheSystem(GSIS/SSS)amonthly
incomeasdefinedinSection9,RuleVIoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation.58
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1.InthecaseoftheSSS.
InthecaseoftheSSS,themonthlyincomebenefitistheamountequivalenttoonehundredfifteenpercent
(115%)ofthesumoftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditmultipliedbythereplacementratioandoneandahalfpercent
(11/2%)oftheaveragemonthlysalarycreditforeachcreditedyearofserviceinexcessoften(10)years;provided,that
the monthly income benefit shall in no case be less than P250.00; provided, however, that the monthly pension of
survivingpensionersshallbeincreasedautomaticallyandsimultaneouslytotheextentthatthefifteenpercent(15%)
differenceinmonthlyincomebenefitbetweenECandSSandthetwentypercent(20%)differenceinmonthlyincome
benefitbetweenECandGSIS,shouldbemaintained.59
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m.Amountofbenefitfordependentchildren.
Under Section 4, Rule XI of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation, it is provided that each
dependentchild,butnotexceedingfive(5),countedfromtheyoungestandwithoutsubstitution,shallbeentitledtoten
percent (10%) of the monthly income benefit of the employee. The Amended Rules on Employees Compensation,
however,shallnotapplytocausesofactionwhichaccruedbeforeMay1,1978.
ExceptthebenefittodependentchildrenundersaidSection4ofRuleXIoftheAmendedRulesonEmployees
Compensation,theaggregatemonthlybenefitpayable,inthecaseoftheGSIS,shallinnocaseexceedthemonthlywage
orsalaryactuallyreceivedbytheemployeeasofthedateofhispermanenttotaldisabilityperECCResolutionNo.2819
datedAugust9,1984.61
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a.Disability,whenpartialandpermanent.
Adisabilityispartialandpermanentif,asaresultoftheinjuryorsickness,theemployeesuffersapermanent
partiallossoftheuseofanypartofhisbody.62
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b.Requisitesforentitlement.
An employee shall be entitled to an income benefit for permanent partial disability (PPD) if all of the following
conditions are satisfied:
2.Hesustainsthepermanentpartialdisabilityasaresultoftheinjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedoftheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdisability.
His employer shall be liable for the benefit if such injury or sickness occurred before the employee is duly
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c.Effectofgainfulemployment.
For purposes of entitlement to income benefits for permanent partial disability, a covered employee shall
continuetoreceivethebenefitsprovidedthereunderevenifheisgainfullyemployedandreceivinghiswageorsalary.64
Section 2 [c], Rule XI, Ibid..

Section 3, Rule VII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Section 3 [a] [1], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
59 L.O.I. 1286; ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984; Section 9 [a], Rule VI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
60 ECC Resolution No. 2799, July 25, 1984; Section 9 [a], Rule VI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
61 Section 6, Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
62 Section 2 [c], Rule VII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation; (Tria v. ECC, G.R. No. 96787, May 8, 1992, 208 SCRA 834; Abaya, Jr. v. ECC, G.R. No. 64255, Aug. 16, 1989, 176 SCRA 507.
63 Section 1 [a], Rule XII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
64 Section 1 [b], Rule XII, Ibid..
56
57
58
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2.InthecaseoftheGSIS.
InthecaseoftheGSIS,themonthlyincomebenefitshallbethebasicmonthlypensionasdefinedinP,D.No.
1146[May31,1977]plustwentypercent(20%)thereof,butshallnotbelessthanP250.00normorethantheactual
salaryatthetimeofcontingency.60
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2. FailuretosubmitaquarterlymedicalreportcertifiedbyhisattendingphysicianasrequiredunderSection5,
RuleIVoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensation;
3.Completeorfullrecoveryfromhispermanentdisability;or
4.Uponbeinggainfullyemployed.56
SaidSection5ofRuleIVoftheAmendedRulesprovidesthatanemployeeenjoyingpermanentdisabilitybenefit
wherethedisabilityresultedfromadiseaseshouldsubmittotheSystem(GSIS/SSS)aquarterlymedicalreportonhis
disabilitycertifiedbyhisphysician;otherwisehisbenefitshallbesuspendeduntilsuchtimethathecomplieswiththis
requirement.


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CompleteandPermanentLoss
oftheuseofNo.ofMonths
onethumb
10
oneindexfinger
8
onemiddlefinger
6
oneringfinger
5
onelittlefinger
3
onebigtoe
6
anytoe
3
onehand
39
onearm
50
onefoot
31
oneleg
46
oneear
10
bothears
20
10
hearingofoneear
hearingofbothears
50
sightofoneeye
2569
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e. Schedule of income benefit payment.

Under said Section 2, Rule XII of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation, the income benefit shall be
paid beginning with the first month of such disability, but no longer than the designated number of months in the
following schedule:
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Incaseofpermanentpartialdisabilitylessthanthetotallossofthemember,thesamemonthlyincomeshallbe
paidforaportionoftheperiodestablishedforthetotallossofthememberinaccordancewiththeproportionthatthe
partiallossbearstothetotalloss.Iftheresultisadecimalfraction,thesameshallberoundedofftothenexthigher
integer.70
Incaseofsimultaneouslossofmorethanonememberorapartthereof,thesamemonthlyincomeshallbe
paidforaperiodequivalenttothesumoftheperiodsestablishedforthelossofthememberorpartthereofbutnot
exceedingseventyfive(75).Iftheresultisadecimalfraction,thesameshallberoundedofftothehigherinteger.71
Thedegreeofpermanentdisabilityshallbeequivalenttotheratiothatthedesignatednumberofmonthsof
compensabilitybearstoseventyfive(75).72
f.Consequenceoflossofapartofbody.
Thefollowingrulesshallapplyincaseoflossofapartoftheemployeesbody:
1. Alossofawristisconsideredalossofthehand;
2. Alossofanelbowisconsideredalossofthearm;
3. Alossofanankleisconsideredalossoftheleg;
4. Alossofmorethanonejointisconsideredalossofthewholefingerortoe;and
5. Alossofonlythefirstjointshallbeconsideredalossofonehalfofthewholefingerortoe.
OtherpermanentpartialdisabilitiesshallbedeterminedbytheMedicalOfficeroftheSystem(GSIS/SSS).73
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g.Unlistedinjuriesandillnesses(nonscheduleddisabilities).
IncasesofinjuriesorillnessesnotlistedinthescheduleunderSection2,RuleXIIoftheAmendedRuleson
EmployeesCompensation[supra],thebenefitshallbeanincomebenefitequivalenttothepercentageofthepermanent
lossofthecapacityforwork.74

Section 3-A, Rule VII, Ibid..
Section 3 [a], Rule XII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
71 Section 3 [c], Rule XII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
72 Section 2 [c], Rule XII, Ibid..
74 Section 4 [a], Rule XII, Ibid..
65
66
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d.Incomebenefitincaseofpermanentpartialdisability(PPD).
Permanentpartialdisabilityistheexceptiontotherulethatdisabilityresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessis
compensablebycashpaymentsandnottheinjuryorsicknessitself.65
Consequently,inthecasewheretheperiodcoveredforpaymentofincomebenefitforPPDdoesnotexceed
twelve(12)months,theSystem(GSIS/SSS)maypayinlumpsum;otherwisetheincomebenefitshallbepaidinmonthly
pension.66
Inotherwords,iftheindicatednumberofmonthsexceedstwelve(12),theincomebenefitshouldbepaidin
monthlypension;otherwise,theSystemmaypaytheincomebenefitinlumpsumorinmonthlypension.67
Under ECC Board Resolution 93080068 issued on August 5, 1993, permanent partial disability benefit is
granteduptoamaximumoftwohundredforty(240)daysiftheclaimant'sdisabilitypersistexceedingthe120daylimit.
Any employee entitled to PPD benefit shall be paid by the System (GSIS/SSS) a monthly income benefit for the
number of months indicated in Section 2, Rule XII of the Amended Rules on Employees Compensation [See Schedule
below].68


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a.Death,meaning.
Within the context of the employees compensation program, the term death means loss of life resulting
fromaninjuryorsickness.75
b. Compensable death.
Compensable death refers to death which is the result of a work-related injury or sickness.
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d.Incomebenefitincaseofdeath.
Deathresultingfromtheinjuryorsicknessiscompensablebycashpaymentsandnottheinjuryorsickness
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itself.77
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c. Proof required in order for death to be compensable.

Death compensation benefit cannot be awarded unless there is substantial evidence showing that:
(a) The cause of the employees death was reasonably connected with his work; or
(b) The sickness for which he died is an accepted occupational disease; or
(c) His working conditions increased the risk of contracting the disease for which he died.76
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ThemonthlyincomebenefitprovidedunderArticle194oftheLaborCodeisthenewamountofthemonthly
income benefit for the surviving beneficiaries upon the approval of P.D. No. 1368 [May 1, 1978] which introduced
amendmentstoTitleII,BookIVoftheLaborCode.78
e.Requisitesforentitlementtodeathbenefit.
The beneficiaries of a deceased employee shall be entitled to an income benefit if all of the following conditions
are satisfied:
1. TheemployeehadbeendulyreportedtotheSystem(GSIS/SSS);
2.Hediedasaresultofaninjuryorsickness;and
3.TheSystemhasbeendulynotifiedofhisdeath,aswellastheinjuryorsicknesswhichcausedhisdeath.
Hisemployershallbeliableforthebenefitifsuchdeathoccurredbeforetheemployeeisdulyreportedfor
coveragetotheSystem(GSIS/SSS).79
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InLuv.WCC,[G.R.No.L43181,October27,1986,145SCRA170],itwasruledthatthedeathoftheemployee,
nothavingoccurredwhileintheperformanceofhisdutiesasagasolineattendant,theclaimantcannotbeextendedthe
benefitsoftheWorkmensCompensationAct.
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In another case, Tolosa v. ECC, [G.R. No. 60509, May 8, 1985, 136 SCRA 335], it was pronounced that the
employees widow is not entitled to death benefits because her husband had stopped working when he became
physicallydisabledtodohisworkatthetimeofhisretirementin1975anddiedonFebruary14,1984,oralmostnine(9)
yearsafter,whichisclearlynotwithinthetwoyearperiodrequiredbytheoldWorkmensCompensationAct.
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But in Manuzon v. ECC, [G.R. No. 88573, June 25, 1990], where the employee died about 4 years after
retiring from the service due to a stroke, a cardiovascular accident caused by thrombosis, the Supreme Court, in
reversingthedenialoftheclaimbytheECC,ruledthatthedependentsareentitledtothebenefits,althoughthedeath
occurredaftertheretirement,becausethecauseofdeath,myocardialinfarction,iscloselyrelatedtothecauseofhis
compulsoryretirement.
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Inthe2004caseofGSISv.Cuanang,[G.R.No.158846,June3,2004],wheretheemployeediedayearafter
retirement,theSupremeCourt,followingtherulinginManuzonv.ECC,[supra]heldthat(i)ndeed,ifadeathwhich
occurredalmostfourandonehalfyearsafterretirementwasheldtobewithinthecoverageofthedeathbenefitsunder
P.D.626,asintheManuzoncase,withmorereasonshouldadeathwhichoccurredwithinoneyearafterretirementbe
consideredascoveredunderthesamelaw.Aclaimforbenefitforsuchdeathcannotbedefeatedbythemerefactof
separationfromservice.(CitingIjaresv.CA,G.R.No.105854,Aug.26,1999,313SCRA141).
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g.Deathofamemberwhileunderpermanentpartialdisability.
Uponthedeathofacoveredmemberduringtheperiodthathe/shewasreceivingpermanentpartialdisability
(PPD)benefits,theremainderofhisPPDbenefitsshallbepaidtohisprimarybeneficiaries.However,thebeneficiaries
shallbeentitledtothesamebenefitsenjoyedbythebeneficiariesofapermanenttotaldisability(PTD)pensionerupon
hisdeath,providedthatthecauseofdeathwasthesameillnessorinjuryforwhichhe/shewasawardedPPDbenefits.
Article 167 [m], Labor Code.

Gau Sheng Phils., Inc. v. Joaquin, G.R. No. 144665, Sept. 8, 2004, citing Bonilla v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 136453, Sept. 21, 2000, 340 SCRA 760.
78 Article 194 [c], Labor Code.
79 Section 1 [a], Rule XIII, Ibid..
80 Buena Obra v. SSS, G.R. No. 147745, April 9, 2003.
81 Section 1 [b], Rule XIII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
75
76
77
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h.Additionalrequisites;proofofmarriage.
Iftheemployeehasbeenreceivingmonthlyincomebenefitforpermanenttotaldisabilityatthetimeofhis
death,thesurvivingspousemustshowthatthemarriagehasbeenvalidlysubsistingatthetimeofhisdisability.81
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f.Deathtobecompensablemustoccurwhileintheperformanceofjob;exception.
Underthelawonemployeescompensation,deathiscompensableonlywhenitresultsfromaworkconnected
injuryorsickness.80
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3.5.DEATHBENEFIT.


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i.Materialdatetodeterminetheamountofdeathcompensationbenefits.
Itiswellsettledthatthematerialdatetodeterminetheamountofdeathcompensationbenefitsisthedateof
thedeathoftheemployeeandnottheamountprovidedbylawatthetimeofpayment.82
j.Periodofentitlementtodeathbenefit.
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k.Presumptivedeath.
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2.Forsecondarybeneficiaries.
The income benefit for secondary beneficiaries shall be sixty (60) times the monthly income benefit of a
primarybeneficiarywhichinnocaseshallbelessthanP15,000.00whichshalllikewisebepaidasmonthlypensionper
ECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.84
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1.Whendeathbenefitsshouldbepaid.
UnderECCBoardResolution93080068issuedonAugust5,1993,paymentofdeathbenefitsshallbereckoned
from the date a worker was declared presumptively dead after he/she had been reported missing for sometime, by
properauthority,inaccordancewithlaw;exceptwhenthedeclarationofdeathspecifiedanotherdate,insuchacase,
paymentofdeathbenefitsshallstartfromthelatterdate.
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l.Deathbenefit,notpartoftheestateofthedeceased.
The death benefits being paid under the law are not part of the deceaseds estate. They are not in the nature of
inheritance. They are granted by operation of law as financial compensation and aid for the death of the employee.
Itmustbenotedthatthedependentsmentionedinthelawarenotreferredtoastheheirsbutratheras
beneficiaries.Itmaybefurtherobservedthatthedependentsarenotnecessarilytheheirsofthedeceased,asthis
termisunderstoodincivillaw.
3.6.FUNERALBENEFITUNDERTHELABORCODE.
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a.Entitlementtofuneralbenefit.
A funeral benefit of P3,000.00 shall be paid upon the death of a covered employee or a permanently totally
disabled pensioner to one of the following:
1. Thesurvivingspouse;or
2. Thelegitimatechildwhospentforthefuneralservices;or
3. Any other person who can show incontrovertible proof of his having borne the funeral expenses, in
accordancewithECCResolutionNo.3682datedJuly21,1987andECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,
1984.85
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b.Increasesintheamountoffuneralbenefit.
1. By virtue of ECC Resolution No. 3903 [May 1, 1988] passed by the Employees Compensation Commission
(ECC), the amount of funeral benefit was increased from P3,000.00 as provided in the Labor Code and its implementing
rules, to P6,000.00.
2. Subsequently, in 1992, the amount of funeral benefit to private sector employees was increased to P8,000.00
effective May 1, 1992 pursuant to ECC Resolution No. 92-07-0032 dated July 8, 1992.
3. Effective May 1, 1994, the funeral benefit was increased to P10,000.00 for the private sector and P3,000.00
for the public sector.
f.
a.Dependency,meaning.
Lucero v. NLRC, G.R. No. 74197, Oct. 28, 1991, 203 SCRA 218.
Section 2 [A] [a] and [b], Rule XIII, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Section 2 [B] [a], Rule XIII, Ibid..
85 Section 1, Rule XIV, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
82
83
84
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4.DEPENDENCY.
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c.Effectofdenialofdeathbenefitonentitlementtofuneralbenefit.
The denial of the death benefit being claimed has an adverse effect on the claim for funeral benefit. The
SupremeCourtinthecaseofTolosav.ECC,[G.R.No.60509,May8,1985,136SCRA335],heldthatthewidowisnot
entitledtofuneralbenefitinviewofitsrulingthatsheisnotentitledtodeathbenefit.
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2.Entitlementtofuneralbenefits.
Thebeneficiariesshallbeentitledtofuneralbenefitsasprovidedforunderthelaw,eventhoughthebodyofa
missingpersonhadnotbeenrecoveredandthatnoburialactivitieshadbeenundertaken.
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1.Forprimarybeneficiaries.
Theincomebenefitforprimarybeneficiariesshallbepaidbeginningatthemonthofdeathandshallcontinue
tobepaidforaslongasthebeneficiariesareentitledthereto.
Themonthlyincomebenefitshallbeguaranteedfor5yearswhichinnocaseshallbelessthanP15,000.00.
Thereafter,thebeneficiariesshallbepaidthemonthlyincomebenefitforaslongastheyareentitledthereto.Thisisin
accordancewithECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.83


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c.Classificationofdependency.
Dependency may be classified as follows:
1.Astotheamountpartialortotal;or
2.Astostatuslegaloractual.
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b.Testofdependency.
There is no uniform test to ascertain dependency. What the law imposes is that the dependency relationship
should exist at the time of the occurrence of the injury. What would be ordinary necessity and comfort for one person may
not necessarily apply to another. However, such factors as standards of living, station in life, the necessity and comfort
required and the like, may prove helpful in determining dependency.
Total or partial dependency is a question of fact which may be established by appropriate evidence. In
Paragatosv.Barredo,[31O.G.97],theSupremeCourtruledthatbasedontheevidencepresented,theplaintiffparent
waspartiallydependentuponhissonforsupport,takingintoaccountthecircumstancesandconditionsprevailinginthe
countrywhereanyamountsentbyasontohisfatherwholivesintheruralareaandwhocanhardlyprovideforthe
needsofhisminorchildrenissufficientevidenceofpartialdependency.
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1.Partialdependency.
A partial dependent is a person who has some means or income of his own and who receives less than all of his
support from the employee. If the contributions from the employee enable him to live in accordance with his station in life,
without which he could not live in accordance therewith, such person is a partial dependent.
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3.Legaldependency.
Legal dependency proceeds from the mandate or operation of the law, irrespective of the ability of the dependent
to support himself. This type of dependency, having been established by operation of law, is conclusive.
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d.SpecificdependentsundertheLaborCode.
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4.Actualdependency.
Under this type of dependency, the reasonable expectation of continuing support appears to be the general and
important criterion to consider. An actual dependent, therefore, is one who looked to the employee for support, partially or
wholly.
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1.DependentsprovidedundertheLaborCode.
UndertheLaborCode,thetermdependentreferstothefollowing:
a. Thelegitimate,legitimatedorlegallyadoptedoracknowledgednaturalchildwhoisunmarried,notgainfully
employed,andnotovertwentyone(21)yearsofageorovertwentyone(21)yearsofageprovidedheis
incapacitated and incapable of selfsupport due to a physical or mental defect which is congenital or
acquiredduringminority;
b. Thelegitimatespouselivingwiththeemployee;and
c. Theparentsofsaidemployeewhollydependentuponhimforregularsupport.86
86
87
Article 167 [i], Labor Code.

Article 167 [i], Labor Code.
23
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2.Childrenasdependents.
The children referred to as dependents under the law are:
1.Legitimatechildren;
2.Legitimatedchildren;
3.Legallyadoptedchildren;and
4.Acknowledgednaturalchildren.
As a general rule, minor children of the deceased employee are conclusively presumed to be dependents.
As far as children of majority age are concerned, they should prove their dependency in accordance with the
requirements of the law. Thus, a child who is over 21 years of age may still be considered dependent if he satisfies the two
(2) requirements as follows:
i. Heisincapacitated;and
ii. Incapable of selfsupport due to a physical or mental defect which is congenital or acquired during
87
minority.
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2.Totaldependency.
A total dependent is one who has no means of support and entirely depends for support upon the contribution
from the employee or one who may have an income from other sources but the amount of which is too small and
insignificant as would enable him to support himself without the major support from the employee.
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The term dependency does not mean absolute dependency for the necessities of life but rather, that the
dependentlookedtoandreliedonthecontributionoftheclaimant,inwholeorinpart,asameansofsupportingand
maintaininghimselfinaccordancewithhisstationinlife.
Underthisconcept,apersonmaybeconsideredadependentalthoughheisabletomaintainhimselfwithout
anyassistancefromthedecedent.(Castillov.Cadwallader&GibsonLumberCompany,G.R.No.41267,Sept.26,1934).
For instance, the legitimate spouse may be gainfully employed himself or herself but he/she is considered a
dependent for as long as he/she is living with the deceased employee at the time of the occurrence of death.


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88
Samar Mining Co., Inc. v. WCC, G.R. Nos. L-29938-39, March 31, 1971; Consuegra v. GSIS, G.R. No. L-28093, Jan. 30, 1971.
24
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4.Policyonsurvivingspouse.
UnderECCBoardResolutionNo.97090500issuedonSeptember4,1997,apolicyhasbeenenunciatedas
regardssurvivingspousefoundnottobelivingwiththecoveredemployeeatthetimetheemployeedied.Saidsurviving
spouse is entitled to employees' compensation benefits provided that the separation occurred owing to any of the
followingcircumstances:
1. Refusal of the covered employee to continue living with the surviving spouse; or the employee's
abandonmentofthesaidspouse,withoutjustifiableorvalidcause;
2. Attemptofthecoveredemployeeagainstthelifeofthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthe
spouse;
3. Commissionofanactofsexualabuseagainstthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthespouse;
4. Thecoveredemployee'srecurrentcommissionofphysicalviolence,orgrossly,abusiveconduct,against
thesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenofthespouse;
5. The covered employee's infliction of physical violence, or imposition of moral duress, to compel the
surviving spouse, common child/children or child/children of the spouse to change their religious or
politicalaffiliation;
6. Attemptofthecoveredemployeetocorruptorinducethesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenor
child/childrenofthespousetoengageinprostitution,ortomakethemconnivewiththeemployeeinsuch
anactofcorruptionorinducement;
7. Drugaddictionorhabitualalcoholismofthecoveredemployee;
8. Lesbianismorhomosexualityofthecoveredemployee;
9. Contractionofbigamousmarriagesbythecoveredemployee,whetherinthePhilippinesorabroad;
10. Sexualinfidelityorperversionofthecoveredemployee;
11. Thecoveredemployee'sactofallowingthesurvivingspouse,commonchild/childrenorchild/childrenof
thespousetobesubjectedtoactsoflasciviousness;and
12. Thecoveredemployee'scontractionofserioussexuallytransmitteddiseaseextramaritally.
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3.Legitimatespouseasdependent.
Attheoutset,itbearsstressingthefactthat,unliketheoldWorkmensCompensationActwhereSections9
and10thereofexplicitlymadeadistinctionbetweenwidowandwidowerintermsofentitlementtobenefits,the
LaborCodeusesthegenerictermspousewhichmayrefereithertoawidow(wife)orawidower(husband).
In order for the widowed spouse of the deceased employee to be entitled to compensation benefits, the law
imposes the following requirements:
1.He/sheisalegitimatespouse;and
2.He/sheshouldbelivingwiththedeceasedemployeeatthetimeofdeath.
A widowed spouse is, as a general rule, conclusively presumed to be a dependent when living with the deceased
at the time of the latters death, irrespective of whether he/she is gainfully employed.
The only time when this conclusive presumption does not attach is when the surviving spouse is not the
legitimate spouse or is voluntarily living apart from the deceased employee at the time of death.
In case there are two (2) wives claiming the benefits under the law, the Workmens (now Employees)
CompensationCommission,accordingtotheSupremeCourt,isempoweredtoruleontheissueofwhoisthelegitimate
spouse who shall be awarded the benefits. The Commission may act as referee and arbitrator to help the two (2)
claimantsreachanamicablesettlement.88
In case the legitimate surviving spouse was living separately from the deceased employee at the time of death,
he/she may be treated as dependent if such separation was necessary and justified as when the same was caused by health
or business reasons or because of the fault of the deceased spouse. Under these situations, it is believed that the conclusive
presumption of dependency should still apply.
InVda.deMakabentav.DavaoStevedoreTerminalCompany,[G.R.No.L27489,April30,1970],amarriage
celebratedinahospitalwherethedeceasedemployeewasconfinedafterthefatalaccidentwherehesustainedthe
injurybutbeforehisdeath,washeldsufficientforpurposesofdeterminingthedependencyofthewife.Forthree(3)
monthspriortosuchmarriage,theywerealreadylivingtogetherascommonlawhusbandandwife.
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Under the old Workmens Compensation Act, as amended, stepchildren as well as brothers and sisters of the
deceased employee are considered dependents. However, under the Labor Code, reference to them is absent. Therefore,
they should no longer be considered as dependents.
Asfarasillegitimatechildrenareconcerned,paragraph[i]ofArticle167oftheLaborCodedefiningtheterm
dependentdoesnotmentionormakereferencetothemasdependents.However,paragraph[j]thereofandSection
1[c],RuleXVoftheAmendedRulesonEmployeesCompensationtreatillegitimatechildrenassecondarybeneficiaries.
Legally-adopted children, to be considered dependents, must have been judicially-decreed as such prior to the
occurrence of the injury and death of the deceased employee. Without judicial pronouncement on the adoption, as when
the child was merely taken into the home and treated as a member of the family, would not be sufficient for purposes of
entitlement to the benefits.


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5.BENEFICIARIES.
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c.Primarybeneficiaries.
The following beneficiaries shall be considered primary:
1.Thelegitimatespouselivingwiththeemployeeatthetimeoftheemployeesdeathuntilhe/sheremarries;
and
2.Thelegitimate, legitimated or legallyadopted or acknowledgednaturalchildren who are unmarried,not
gainfullyemployed,notover21yearsofage,orover21yearsofage,providedthatheisincapacitatedand
incapableofselfsupportduetoaphysicalormentaldefectwhichiscongenitaloracquiredduringminority.
Adependentacknowledgednaturalchildshallbeconsideredasaprimarybeneficiaryonlywhenthereare
nootherdependentchildrenwhoarequalifiedandeligibleformonthlyincomebenefit.Iftherearetwoor
moreacknowledgednaturalchildren,theyshallbecountedfromtheyoungestandwithoutsubstitution,
butnotexceedingfive(5).ThisruleisinaccordancewithECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.91
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d.Secondarybeneficiaries.
The following beneficiaries shall be considered secondary:
1.Thelegitimateparentswhollydependentupontheemployeeforsupport;
2.Thelegitimatedescendantsandillegitimatechildrenwhoareunmarried,notgainfullyemployedandover21
yearsofage,orover21yearsofageprovidedthatheisincapacitatedandincapableofselfsupportduetoa
physicalormentaldefectwhichiscongenitaloracquiredduringminority.92
89
90
91
92
93
Article 167 [j], Labor Code.

Section 1 [a], Rule XV, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Section 1 [b], Rule XV, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.
Section 1 [c], Rule XV, Ibid..
Section 1 [a], Rule XV, Ibid..
25
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e.Whentodeterminebeneficiaries.
Beneficiariesshallbedeterminedatthetimeoftheemployeesdeath.93
Consequently,althoughinotherjurisdictions,posthumouschildrenwhodiedbeforetheemployeesdeathare
considered as dependents (King v. Peninsulas Portland Cement Co., 216 Mich. 335), however, under the laws of the
Philippines,theycannot,asageneralrule,besoconsideredsincebeneficiariesaredeterminedatthetimeofthedeath
oftheemployee.
However,inVda.deMakabentav.DavaoStevedoreTerminalCompany,[G.R.No.L27489,April30,1970],
the daughter born after the death of the employee and, therefore, a posthumous child, was considered a legal
dependentofthedeceasedemployee.
an
it
o
b.Generalclassification.
Beneficiaries under the Labor Code may be classified as follows:
1.Primary;or
2.Secondary.90
ia
na
ia
Gu
to
a.Beneficiaries,defined.
Thetermbeneficiariesmeansthedependentspouseuntilhe/sheremarriesanddependentchildrenwhoare
theprimarybeneficiaries.Intheirabsence,thedependentparentsandsubjecttotherestrictionsimposedondependent
children,theillegitimatechildrenandlegitimatedescendants,whoarethesecondarybeneficiaries,providedthatthe
dependentacknowledgednaturalchildshallbeconsideredasaprimarybeneficiarywhentherearenootherdependent
childrenwhoarequalifiedandeligibleformonthlyincomebenefit.89
se
li
Jo
an
Ch
a
5.Parentsofdeceasedemployeeasdependents.
Inorderfortheparentsofthedeceasedemployeetoqualifyasdependents,thelawsimplyimposesone(1)
requirement,i.e.,thattheyarewhollyandnotpartially,dependentuponthelatterforregularsupport.Livingwiththe
deceased employee is not a requirement. The conclusive presumption applicable to the other dependents is not
followedinthecaseofparents.Consequently,theburdenofproofisuponsuchparentstoprovedependency.
Astowhatismeantbyregularsupport,thelawandtheimplementingrulesfailedtodefineordescribeit.
However,suchregularityofsupportwhichiscertainlyaquestionoffactmaybeinferredfromthepeculiarfactsofa
case.
InMalateTaxicabv.DelVillar,[G.R.No.L7489,February29,1956],theparentswereconsidereddependents
despitethesubstantialincomeofthefatherwhoisanaccountantearningP300.00permonth.Thetestofdependency,
accordingtotheHighCourt,isnotmerelywhetherthecontributionswerenecessarytobaresubsistence.Dependency
mayexistalthoughthedependentscouldhavesubsistedwithouttheassistancehereceived,ifsuchcontributionswere
reliedonbytheclaimantforhismeansoflivingasdeterminedbyhispositioninlife.So,itisimmaterialthatclaimant
couldhavesoreducedhislivingexpensesthathecouldhavebeensupportedindependentlyfromtheearningsofthe
employee.Oneneednotbeactuallyapartofthedeceasedemployeeshouseholdinordertobeadependent.There
maybedependencynotwithstandingthefactthattheemployeedidnotworksteadilyorwasabsentfromthehomeat
thetimeofhisaccidentaldeath,andnotwithstandingtheemployeesunlawfulactsorhisstatementinhisapplicationfor
employmentthathehadnodependents.


an
ia
Ch
na
g.Benefitspayable.
Primary beneficiaries shall be entitled to a monthly income benefit. In their absence, the secondary
beneficiariesshallbeentitledtoamonthlyincomebenefitnottoexceedsixty(60)monthsandthedeathbenefitshall
notbelessthanP15,000.00perECCResolutionNo.2799datedJuly25,1984.97
Gu
ia
n
.J
el
it
END OF DISCUSSION ON
TOPIC F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION
Section 2 [a], Rule XV, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.

Section 2 [b], Rule XV, Ibid..
Section 2 [c], Rule XV, Ibid..
Section 3, Rule XV, Ibid..
98 No. I [1] thereof.
99 No. I [2] thereof.
100 Tibulan v. Inciong, G.R. No. 48576, Aug. 11, 1989, 176 SCRA 316.
101 Id..
94
95
96
97
26
li
Pr
o
f.
Pr
Jo
se
of
.J
to
os
of
oooooooooOoOooooooooo
Pr
Gu
os
el
ia
it
o
i.Evidencetoproverelationshipanddependency.
Amarriagecertificateissuedbytheparishpriestwhosolemnizedthemarriagebetweenthesurvivingspouse
andthedeceasedissufficienttoestablishmarriagerelationship.100
The baptismal certificates and birth certificates of the children are also sufficient evidence to prove the
relationshipofthedependentswiththedeceased.Strictobservanceofthetechnicalrulesofevidenceisnotproperly
demandedinemployeescompensationcases.101
an
na
Gu
ia
Ch
na
Gu
h.Monthlyincomebenefit,howdistributed.
TheECCpassedResolutionNo.90030022[March23,1990]adoptingandpromulgatingtheSuppletoryRules
to theAmended RulesonEmployees Compensation. These SuppletoryRules providefor the distribution of monthly
incomebenefitsasfollows:
1. Monthly income benefits shall be shared equally by all the primary beneficiaries including dependent
children who were not considered in the determination of dependent pensions. Upon emancipation or
otherwisedisqualificationtoentitlementtothedependentpensionofadependentchild,onlytenpercent
(10%)shallbedeductedfromthebenefitsandtheremainingincomebenefitsshall,onceagain,bedivided
equallybythequalifiedprimarybeneficiaries.98
2. If there are no primary beneficiaries, the secondary beneficiaries shall also share equally in the monthly
incomebenefits.99
to
se
li
Jo
an
Ch
a
f.Ruleonpriorityofbeneficiaries.
1.Priorityofprimarybeneficiaries;secondarybeneficiariesexcluded.
Primarybeneficiarieshavepriorityclaimtodeathbenefitsoversecondarybeneficiaries.Wheneverthereare
primarybeneficiaries,nodeathbenefitshouldbepaidtosecondarybeneficiaries.94
2.Intheabsenceofprimarybeneficiaries,deathbenefitsshouldbepaidtosecondarybeneficiaries.
Ifthedeceasedemployeehasnoprimarybeneficiariesatthetimeofhisdeath,thedeathbenefitsshouldbe
paidtohissecondarybeneficiaries.95
3.Intheabsenceofbothprimaryandsecondarybeneficiaries,deathbenefitsshallaccruetotheEmployees
CompensationFund.
Ifthedeceasedemployeehasnoprimaryorsecondarybeneficiariesatthetimeofhisdeath,thedeathbenefit
shallaccruetotheEmployeesCompensationFund.96


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ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

Prof. Joselito Guianan Chan

2. GSIS (RA 8291)

1. SSS Law (RA 8282)

3. Limited Portability Law (RA 7699)

TOPICS UNDER THE SYLLABUS

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

Section 1, R.A. No. 7699.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

Section 1 [h], Rule III, Ibid..

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

Article 179, as amended by Section 4, P.D. No. 1368.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

ChanRobles Internet Bar Review : ChanRobles Professional Review, Inc.

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION

f. Requisites for entitlement to income benefit for permanent total disability.

Section 1 [a], Rule XI, Amended Rules on Employees Compensation.

1. He has been duly reported to the System (GSIS/SSS);

LABOR LAW: F. SOCIAL LEGISLATION