9

Section B
Answer all questions
1. Fig 1.1 shows a generalised amino acid molecule.

Fig. 1.1
(a) Name the part of the molecule labeled Y.
Y ...........[1]
(b) Amino acids can be linked together to form a polypeptide chain. Monosaccharides can
also be linked together to form long chain molecules called polysaccharides.
State two ways, other than the names of the monomers present, in which the structure of a
polysaccharide chain differs from that of a polypeptide chain.
1. ..
2. .[2]
(c) The fibrous protein collagen and the polysaccharide cellulose both possess considerable
tensile strength.
List two features that contribute to the strength of
(i) collagen
1....
2.......[2]
(ii) cellulose
1....
2...[2]
[Total: 7]
[Turn over]

10
2. A student investigated the activity of catalase by measuring the release of oxygen from
hydrogen peroxide. The reaction occurs as follows.
2 H2O2

2 H2O + O2

The student used a solution of catalase that was mixed with a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution
and placed in the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1. The total volume of gas collected was recorded
every 15 seconds. The results are shown in Fig. 2.2.

(a)

Explain why the total volume of gas collected after 210 seconds remains constant.

...[1]

11
Catalase and hydrogen peroxide were kept separately at 10 oC for 30 minutes before they
were added together. The reaction mixture was then kept at 10oC.
(b) Sketch, on Fig. 2.2, the results you would expect when the experiment was repeated at
10oC.
[1]
(c) Explain how increasing the temperature of an enzyme-catalysed reaction will increase the
rate of the reaction.

...[3]
[Total: 5]
3. (a) Figure 3.1 shows electron micrographs of two organelles, A and B.

Fig. 3.1

[Turn over]

12
Complete the table below describing the main identifying features and the main functions
of the organelles shown in Fig.3.1
organelle
A

Main identifying feature

Main function

[4]
(b) Explain why the cell surface membrane is described as a fluid mosaic.

...[2]
Glycoprotein in the cell surface membrane functions as an antigen.
(c) State how glycoprotein is held in the cell surface membrane.

...[3]
The following investigation to determine the water potential of potato tuber cells was carried
out. Comparable 2 mm thick discs of potato tuber were cut out and weighed. Replicate
samples were taken and placed in distilled water and a series of sucrose solutions, ranging
from 0.1 to 0.6 M, in covered dishes at a constant temperature of 20 C. After one hour, the
samples were removed and blotted rapidly between sheets of filter paper and re-weighed. The
results are shown in Fig. 3.2.

13

Fig. 3.2
(d) Describe in terms of water potential what changes occur in the potato discs in
distilled water,

[Turn over]

14
0.6 M sucrose solution.

...[3]
[Total: 12]
4. Fig. 4.1 shows four animal cells in different stages of mitotic division.

Fig. 4.1
(a) Name the structures labeled A, B, C and D.
A
B....
C....
D....[2]
(b) Using the number given to each cell above, arrange the stages as they occur in the mitotic
sequence.
...[1]

15
(c) Explain what is happening in cell 1 in Fig 4.1.

...[2]
(d) State the importance of mitosis in the growth of a multicellular organism, such as a
flowering plant or a mammal.
...[1]
(e) Explain how cancer is the result of uncontrolled cell division.
..
..
..
[2]
[Total: 8]
5. Fig. 5.1 shows the process of translation occurring at a ribosome in a cell that synthesises
enzymes that are secreted into the gut.

16
Fig. 5.1
[Turn over]
Table 5.1 shows some triplet base sequences of DNA and the amino acids for which they
code.
Table 5.1
DNA
TAA
TAG
AAA
AGA
GTA
CAT

Amino acid
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Phenyalanine
Serine
Histidine
Valine

(a) With reference to Fig. 5.1 and Table 5.1,

(i) name the amino acid P;
..[1]
(ii) state the base sequence at S;
..[1]
(iii)

state the name given to the triplet base sequences on mRNA;

.[1]

(iv) describe the change that would occur to the protein if the base sequence at R was
UUU instead of AUU.

[1]
(b) Describe what happens to the enzyme molecule after it has left the ribosome until it
leaves the cell.

...[3]
[Total 7]

17
6. Fig. 6.1 shows transverse sections of a root and a stem.

Fig. 6.1
(a) (i) Shade in an area in the transverse section of the root where there are cells specialised
for the transport of water.
[1]
(ii) Shade in an area in the transverse section of the stem where there are cells specialised
for the transport of sucrose.
[1]
(b) Explain what is meant by the term transpiration.
..
..
..
[2]
(c) Describe briefly how water moves up the stem of a plant during transpiration.
..
..

18
.
[3]
[Turn over]
Fig. 6.2 shows the oxygen dissociation curves for haemoglobin at two concentrations of
carbon dioxide (CO2).

Fig. 6.2
The partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in tissues is approximately 3.5 kPa.
(d) With reference to Fig. 6.2,
(i) state the difference in % saturation of haemoglobin between the two concentrations of
CO2 at this partial pressure of oxygen;
.....[1]
(ii) explain the physiological importance of this difference in the % saturation of
haemoglobin.
..

19
..

...[3]
[Total: 11]
Cambridge A Level Programme
Mark Scheme : Biology 1
Exam
: Common Test (July 2005)
Intake
: March 2005
Examiner
: Ms. Ho

No

1. a
b

c i)

Answer

Mark

Carboxyl

[J01/3/a/I]

(polysaccharide):
- glycosidic links
- no R groups
- may be branched
- (usually) single type of monomer
-

3 polypeptides twisted around each other

hydrogen bonds between the polypeptides
covalent links between the chains
every third amino acid being glycine, small size, so allows tight coil
lay parallel to form fibrils
ends staggered/ fibrils overlapping, so strong
2

ii)

2. a
b
c

- many -OH groups

- hydrogen bonds within the molecules
- hydrogen bonds between molecules
- straight chain (not helix)/ unbranched/ linear
- 60-70 chains/ associated to form microfibrils
- arranged in bundles to form macrofibrils/ fibres

[8700/N01/3/c,d]

- all H2O2 broken down/ no substrate left/ substrate limiting

- line below that at 20oC, may reach same plateau / heading towards it
-

increase kinetic energy/ molecules move faster

more collisions

2
1

[J02/2/a,b]

20
3. a

collide with more energy, so bonds more easily broken

organelle

Main identifying feature

- double membrane /
cristae/ folded inner
membrane
- cisternae/ no
ribosomes/ ref.
membrane bound sacs

[8700/J01/2/d]

Main function
- ATP synthesis
- lipid synthesis / segregating/
carrying material out of cell/
transfer proteins/ lipids/ ref. to
autophagy

[N00/1]
b
c

b
c

phospholipid molecule is free to move laterally

protein molecule floats within the membrane

hydrophilic regionss
interact with phosphate head/ aqueous intracellular/ extracellular solution
hydrophobic regions
interact with hydrophobic fatty acid tails
[94/1/d/ii]

[J00/2/a]

distilled water:
- H2O diffuses into discs / enters by osmosis
0.6M sucrose solution:
- water diffuses out of the discs
- diffuse down the water potential gradient
- change in mass value extrated from Fig. 3.2

4. a

[8700/J01/5/b]

nuclear membrane/ envelope

sister chromatid
centromere
aster/ microtubule ( spindle fibre)

- 2,3,1,4.

2
[J93/1/a,b/ii]

centromeres divide/ duplicated ( split/ replicated)

(sis) chromatid sep/ pulled/ moved, to (opp) poles
by spindle fibres/ spindle/ microtubule (contract) ( fibres)

produce genetically identical/ uniform, cells

maintain genetic stability
same number & same kind of chromosomes
no genetic variation

oncogenes/ genes controlling cell division being switched on/ activated

cancer cells do not die, with no apoptosis/ programmed cell death

[J03/1/b, d]

21
-

lost contact inhibition

cancer cells fail to differentiate properly
metastasis/ secondary tumour

histidine

UAG

Codon

Phenylalanine would be the next amino acid, not isoleucine

Secondary structure/ a helix/b-pleated sheet

Further folding / tertiary structure
Ref. Named bond(s)
Golgi
Packaged/ sugars added/ timed
Vesicles
Exocytosis

[W97/4/d/I]
2

5.a i)

ii)

iii)

iv)
b

[8700/N01/4]
3

shade in xylem (complete xylem star must be shaded)

6.a i)

1
-

shade in phloem (accept shading of just one phloem group)

lost of water vapour

from the surfaces of a plant

[J03/2/4/a]

ii)
b

1
2

transpiration pull/ cohesion tension/ mass flow

cohesion between water molecules/
hydrogen bonds (between water molecules)
down water potential gradient

[Sing/N98/4/b/I,d]
3

18/19/20%
1
d i)

ii)

respiration/ most active tissues/ produce most CO2/ during activity CO2 level
increases
(increase in CO2) reduces affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen/ O2/
(oxyhaemoglobin) dissociates more readily
O2 delivered/ unloaded, to those tissues most needing O2/ respiring tissue
To complete aerobic respiration
Produce more/ faster ATP
[J98/5/b]
3