NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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Answers to NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS Class 10(Class XI)textbook OPTIONAL
EXERCISE
CHAPTER THREE
LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
EXERCISES

7. Solve the following pair of linear equations:

(i) px + qy = p q

(ii) ax + by = c
bx + ay = 1 + c

qx py = p + q

(iv) (a b)x + (a + b) y = a2 2ab b2

x y
=0
.
a b
2
2
ax + by = a + b

(iii )

(v) 152x 378y = 74

378x + 152y = 604

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(a + b)(x + y) = a2 + b2

NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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SOLUTION:
(i) We shall solve the given system of equations by the method of cross- multiplication

(i) px + qy = p - q
qx - py = p + q
x
y
=
q ( p + q ) p ( p q ) -q(p-q)+p(p+q)
x
y

=
2
2
2
qp q p + pq qp + q + p 2 + pq
x
y
1
2
= 2
= 2 2
2
2
q p
q +p
-p -q
x
y
1

= 2
=
2
2
2
2
(q + p ) q + p
( q + p2 )

x
y
=
(1) 1

1
(1)

x = 1; y = 1
Thus ,the required solution is x = 1andy = 1

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1
-p -q 2
1
= 2 2
-p -q
2

NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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SOLUTION:
(ii) We shall solve the given system of equations by the method of cross- multiplication

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NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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(ii) ax + by = c
bx + ay = 1 + c
x
y
1
=
= 2 2
b(1 + c) + ac bc + a (1 + c) a b
x
y
1

=
= 2 2
(b bc + ac) bc + (a + ac) a b
x
y
1

=
= 2 2
b + c ( a b ) a + c ( a b ) a b

x=

b + c ( a b )
c
b
=

2
2
a b
a + b (a b)(a + b)

a + c ( a b)
c
a
=
+
2
2
a b
a + b (a b)(a + b)
c
b
c
a

;y=
+
Thus ,the required solution is x =
a + b (a b)(a + b)
a + b (a b)(a + b)
y=

SOLUTION:
(iii)We shall solve the given system of equations by the method of cross- multiplication

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NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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x y
=0
a b
ax + by = a 2 + b 2
x
y
1

=
= 2
2
2
2
2
a ( a + b ) 0 b( a + b ) + 0 a + b 2
x
y
1

=
= 2
2
2
2
2
a ( a + b ) b( a + b ) a + b 2
a(a 2 + b 2 )
b( a 2 + b 2 )
;y= 2
x= 2
a + b2
a + b2
x = a; y = b
Thus ,the required solution is x = a; y = b

SOLUTION:
(iv) We shall solve the given system of equations by the method of cross- multiplication

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NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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2

(a - b)x + (a + b) y = a - 2ab - b

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2

. (a + b)(x + y) = a 2 + b 2
x

2
2
(a + b)(a + b ) + (a + b)(a 2 2ab b 2 )
y
=
2
2
(a b)(a + b ) + (a + b)(a 2 2ab b 2 )
1
=
(a b)(a + b) (a + b) 2
x

2
2
(a + b)( a b + a 2 2ab b 2 )
y
= 3
2
2
2
a + 2a b + ab a b + 2ab3 b3 + a 3 + ab 2 a 2b b3
1
= 2 2
a b a 2 b 2 2ab
x
y
1

=
=
2
2
(a + b)(2ab 2b ) 4ab
2b(a + b)
x=

(a + b)(2ab 2b 2 )
= a+b
2b(a + b)

4ab 2
2ab
y=
=
2b(a + b)
( a + b)
Thus the required solution is x = a + b and y =

2ab
( a + b)

SOLUTION:
(v) 152x 378y = 74..(1)
378x + 152y = 604..(2)
Please note the peculiarity of the coefficients of x and y in these equations . The coefficients of x
and y add up to the same number (-226) .
Let us begin by adding the two equations, we get
-226 x -226 y = - 678
x + y = 3.(3)
Subtracting the two equations, we get
-530x + 530 y = -530
x y = 1(4)
Adding (3) and (4) , we get
2 x= 4
x = 2
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NCERT/CBSE MATHEMATICS CLASS 10 textbook(OPTIONAL EXERCISE)

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Putting x back in (4) , we get

y = 1.
Thus the required solution is x = 2 and y = 1

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