ASCII Chart and Other Resources

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Also - Connector Reference and Games.

ASCII Chart
ASCII - The American Standard Code for Information Interchange is a standard
seven-bit code that was proposed by ANSI in 1963, and finalized in 1968. Other
sources also credit much of the work on ASCII to work done in 1965 by Robert W.
Bemer. ASCII was established to achieve compatibility between various types of
data processing equipment. Later-day standards that document ASCII include
ISO-14962-1997 and ANSI-X3.4-1986(R1997).
ASCII, pronounced "ask-key", is the common code for microcomputer equipment.
The standard ASCII character set consists of 128 decimal numbers ranging from
zero through 127 assigned to letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and the most
common special characters. The Extended ASCII Character Set also consists of
128 decimal numbers and ranges from 128 through 255 representing additional
special, mathematical, graphic, and foreign characters.
Every now and again, I've wished that I had an ASCII chart handy, so I made one
and stuck it on this page so that I could find it in a hurry. One thing led to another,
and folks started asking me questions about ASCII and other character
representations, so I've tried to update this page a bit to answer some of the most
common questions. Also, I've added additional info,such as IBM PC Keyboard Scan
Codes, and a list of other references.

My ASCII Chart
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT
DLE DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 NAK SYN ETB CAN EM
SP !
"
#
$
%
&
'
(
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
`
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y

A
B
C
LF VT FF
SUB ESC FS
*
+
,
:
;
<
J
K
L
Z
[
\
j
k
l
z
{
|

D
CR
GS
=
M
]
m
}

E
F
SO SI
RS US
.
/
>
?
N
O
^
_
n
o
~ DEL

Here's a link to a decimal-to-ASCII chart.

You may also want to read the Q & A, below.

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ASCII Q & A
Every now and then, I get questions about ASCII.
Here are a few:
Q: What does ASCII stand for?
A: ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
Q: What do CR, LF, SO, and so forth mean?
A: A more detailed description of the first 32 characters can be found here.
Q: Someone wants me to send my resume (or some other file) to them in ASCII,
so what do I do?
A: In general, if somebody asks for your resume or another document "in ASCII",
what they really want is a copy of your resume (or whatever the document is) in
electronic form, but without any formatting. Save your resume (or other document)
from the word processor you're using (such as Microsoft Word ) as plain text, and
then paste it into an e-mail (or copy it to a floppy disk) and send it to whoever
wanted it.
Q: OK, fine, but how do I save a Microsoft Word document as plain text?
A: Here are some simple instructions for saving a document as plain text in
Microsoft Word. The procedure is similar for other word processors.
1. Click on "File".
2. Select "Save As".
3. In the box marked "Save as type:", select "Text Only (*.txt)" or "Text Only with
Line Breaks (*.txt).
4. In the box marked "File name:", enter the file name (a different name than the
one that you had been using).
5. Click on the button marked "Save".
If you get a warning indicating that formatting will be lost, don't be alarmed. The
whole point of the process is to remove the formatting from the document before
you send it.
Q: I'm writing a program that directly interfaces with the keyboard of an IBM PC,
and I need to accept keystrokes for F1, F2, and other keys. What are the IBM PC
keyboard codes for F1, F2, and ALT-A, etc?
A: See IBM PC Keyboard Scan Codes, below
A: Also, if you're trying to enter CTRL-ALT-DEL to reboot the PC, you might want
to try one of my reboot utilities instead.
Q: What are the ASCII codes for things like the degrees symbol (), the trademark
symbol, solid blocks and other special symbols?
A: The answer is "it depends". There's really not an ASCII character for most of the
special characters (other than those shown in the table at the top of this page.
However, there are different extended ASCII sets that include a lot more special
characters. (See IBM PC Extended ASCII, below.) Also, for information about
including special symbols on a web page, you might look at some of the other

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charts and references, below.

Q: How do I generate extended ASCII characters from the keyboard?
A: DOS will allow you to enter extended ASCII characters into many programs.
Here's how you do it:
1. Make sure NumLock is enabled on your keyboard.
2. Press and hold the ALT key.
3. While holding down the ALT key, enter the 3-digit decimal code for the
extended ASCII character you want to generate.
4. Release the ALT key.
The trick to this, of course, is knowing the decimal equivalent of the ASCII
characters that you want to generate. Since the extended ASCII Chart is in hex, you
probably want a guide for to converting hex to decimal.
Q: Does this work in Windows?
A: A better way to enter special symbols in Windows applications (such as Word),
is to take advantage of the symbols in the fonts provided by Windows. For example,
in Word, use the following steps:
1. Click on "Insert" (in the menu at the top of the page)
2. From the drop-down menu, select "Symbol". A chart of special symbols will
appear
3. From the chart, you can select a symbol to insert into your document by
highlighting the symbol, and clicking on the word "Insert" at the bottom of the
chart.

Q: What's the ASCII code for CTRL-ALT-DEL, and how do I put it in a DOS batch
file?
A: There's not an easy way to get CTRL-ALT-DEL into a batch file, per se.
However, I've created several PC reboot utilities (for both DOS and Windows) that
you can try. You can find them on my shareware page.
Q: What's the ASCII code for CTRL-A, or CTRL-Z?
A: The value for CTRL-A (^A) is 01. The value for CTRL-Z (^Z), which is often used
as an end-of-file marker in DOS is 26 (decimal). All the other CTRL-B through
CTRL-Y characters fall in between. (CTRL-B is 2, CTRL-C is 3, and so forth.)

Control Codes
The following is a more detailed description of the first 32 ASCII characters, often
referred to as control codes.
NUL (null)
SOH (start of heading)
STX (start of text)
ETX (end of text)

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EOT (end of transmission) - Not the same as ETB

ENQ (enquiry)
ACK (acknowledge)
BEL (bell) - Caused teletype machines to ring a bell. Causes a beep
in many common terminals and terminal emulation programs.
BS (backspace) - Moves the cursor (or print head) move backwards (left)
one space.
TAB (horizontal tab) - Moves the cursor (or print head) right to the next
tab stop. The spacing of tab stops is dependent
on the output device, but is often either 8 or 10.
LF (NL line feed, new line) - Moves the cursor (or print head) to a new
line. On Unix systems, moves to a new line
AND all the way to the left.
VT (vertical tab)
FF (form feed) - Advances paper to the top of the next page (if the
output device is a printer).
CR (carriage return) - Moves the cursor all the way to the left, but does
not advance to the next line.
SO (shift out) - Switches output device to alternate character set.
SI (shift in) - Switches output device back to default character set.
DLE (data link escape)
DC1 (device control 1)
DC2 (device control 2)
DC3 (device control 3)
DC4 (device control 4)
NAK (negative acknowledge)
SYN (synchronous idle)
ETB (end of transmission block) - Not the same as EOT
CAN (cancel)
EM (end of medium)
SUB (substitute)
ESC (escape)
FS (file separator)
GS (group separator)
RS (record separator)
US (unit separator)

IBM PC Keyboard Scan Codes

<
For many of the special key combinations such as ALT-A, F1, PgUp, and so forth,
the IBM PC uses a special two-character escape sequence. Depending on the
programming language being used and the level at which the keyboard is being
accessed, the escape character is either ESC (27, 0x1B), or NUL (0). Here are
some common sequences:
Char.
ALT-A
ALT-C
ALT-E
ALT-G
ALT-I
ALT-K
ALT-M
ALT-O
ALT-Q
ALT-S

Decimal Pair
(00,30)
(00,46)
(00,18)
(00,34)
(00,23)
(00,37)
(00,50)
(00,24)
(00,16)
(00,31)

Hex Pair
(0x00,0x1e)
(0x00,0x2e)
(0x00,0x12)
(0x00,0x22)
(0x00,0x17)
(0x00,0x25)
(0x00,0x32)
(0x00,0x18)
(0x00,0x10)
(0x00,0x1a)

Char.
ALT-B
ALT-D
ALT-F
ALT-H
ALT-J
ALT-L
ALT-N
ALT-P
ALT-R
ALT-T

Decimal Pair
(00,48)
(00,32)
(00,33)
(00,35)
(00,36)
(00,38)
(00,49)
(00,25)
(00,19)
(00,20)

Hex Pair
(0x00,0x30)
(0x00,0x20)
(0x00,0x21)
(0x00,0x23)
(0x00,0x24)
(0x00,0x26)
(0x00,0x31)
(0x00,0x19)
(0x00,0x13)
(0x00,0x14)

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ALT-U
ALT-W
ALT-Y
PgUp
Home
UpArrw
LftArrw
F1
F3
F5
F7
F9
F11
ALT-F1
ALT-F3
ALT-F5
ALT-F7
ALT-F9
ALT-F11

(00,22)
(00,17)
(00,21)
(00,73)
(00,71)
(00,72)
(00,75)
(00,59)
(00,61)
(00,63)
(00,65)
(00,67)
(00,133)
(00,104)
(00,106)
(00,108)
(00,110)
(00,112)
(00,139)

(0x00,0x16)
(0x00,0x11)
(0x00,0x15)
(0x00,0x49)
(0x00,0x47)
(0x00,0x48)
(0x00,0x4b)
(0x00,0x3b)
(0x00,0x3d)
(0x00,0x3f)
(0x00,0x41)
(0x00,0x43)
(0x00,0x85)
(0x00,0x68)
(0x00,0x6a)
(0x00,0x6c)
(0x00,0x6e)
(0x00,0x70)
(0x00,0x8b)

ALT-V
ALT-X
ALT-Z
PgDn
End
DnArrw
RtArrw
F2
F4
F6
F8
F10
F12
ALT-F2
ALT-F4
ALT-F6
ALT-F8
ALT-F10
ALT-F12

(00,47)
(00,45)
(00,44)
(00,81)
(00,79)
(00,80)
(00,77)
(00,60)
(00,62)
(00,64)
(00,66)
(00,68)
(00,134)
(00,105)
(00,107)
(00,109)
(00,111)
(00,113)
(00,140)

(0x00,0x2f)
(0x00,0x2d)
(0x00,0x2c)
(0x00,0x51)
(0x00,0x4f)
(0x00,0x50)
(0x00,0x4d)
(0x00,0x3c)
(0x00,0x3e)
(0x00,0x40)
(0x00,0x42)
(0x00,0x44)
(0x00,0x86)
(0x00,0x69)
(0x00,0x6b)
(0x00,0x6d)
(0x00,0x6f)
(0x00,0x71)
(0x00,0x8c)

Hint - If you look at how the keys are laid out on the keyboard, you'll probably see
the pattern.

IBM PC Extended ASCII Display Characters

Strictly speaking, the ASCII character set only includes values up to 127 decimal
(7F hex). However, when the IBM PC was developed, the video card contained one
byte for each character in the 80x25 character display. Gee...what to do with that
extra bit per character? Why not invent 128 new characters, for line-drawing and
special symbols? The result, of course, was the extended ASCII character set for
the IBM PC. The chart below shows (most of) the characters that can be generated
by the display in the original IBM PC.

Microsoft Windows has a different notion about what the high-order (upper 128)
characters are, as shown in the table below.

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Here's a link to a decimal-to-Extended ASCII chart.

Converting Hex to Decimal

Here's a chart that shows the conversion between hex and decimal.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

0
000
016
032
048
064
080
096
112
128
144
160
176
192
208
224
240

1
001
017
033
049
065
081
097
113
129
145
161
177
193
209
225
241

2
002
018
034
050
066
082
098
114
130
146
162
178
194
210
226
242

3
003
019
035
051
067
083
099
115
131
147
163
179
195
211
227
243

4
004
020
036
052
068
084
100
116
132
148
164
180
196
212
228
244

5
005
021
037
053
069
085
101
117
133
149
165
181
197
213
229
245

6
006
022
038
054
070
086
102
118
134
150
166
182
198
214
230
246

7
007
023
039
055
071
087
103
119
135
151
167
183
199
215
231
247

8
008
024
040
056
072
088
104
120
136
152
168
184
200
216
232
248

9
009
025
041
057
073
089
105
121
137
153
169
185
201
217
233
249

A
010
026
042
058
074
090
106
122
138
154
170
186
202
218
234
250

B
011
027
043
059
075
091
107
123
139
155
171
187
203
219
235
251

C
012
028
044
060
076
092
108
124
140
156
172
188
204
220
236
252

D
013
029
045
061
077
093
109
125
141
157
173
189
205
221
237
253

E
014
030
046
062
078
094
110
126
142
158
174
190
206
222
238
254

F.
015
031
047
063
079
095
111
127
143
159
175
191
207
223
239
255

If you're having trouble getting the hang of the above chart, here's a hint:
Hex 41 (written as 0x41 in the programing language C) is equivalent to decimal 65.

Converting Hex to Octal

Here's a chart that shows the conversion between hex and octal.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

0
000
020
040
060
100
120
140

1
001
021
041
061
101
121
141

2
002
022
042
062
102
122
142

3
003
023
043
063
103
123
143

4
004
024
044
064
104
134
144

5
005
025
045
065
105
125
145

6
006
026
046
066
106
126
146

7
007
027
047
067
107
127
147

8
010
030
050
070
110
130
150

9
011
031
051
071
111
131
151

A
012
032
052
072
112
132
152

B
013
033
053
073
113
133
153

C
014
034
054
074
114
134
154

D
015
035
055
075
115
135
155

E
016
036
056
076
116
136
156

F.
017
037
057
077
117
137
157

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7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F

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160
200
220
240
260
300
320
340
360

161
201
221
241
261
301
321
341
361

162
202
222
242
262
302
322
342
362

163
203
223
243
263
303
323
343
363

164
204
224
244
264
304
324
344
364

165
205
225
245
265
305
325
345
365

166
206
226
246
266
306
326
346
366

167
207
227
247
267
307
327
347
367

170
210
230
250
270
310
330
350
370

171
211
231
251
271
311
331
351
371

172
212
232
252
272
312
332
352
372

173
213
233
253
273
313
333
353
373

174
214
234
254
274
314
334
354
374

175
215
235
255
275
315
335
355
375

176
216
236
256
276
316
336
356
376

177
217
237
257
277
317
337
357
377

If you're having trouble getting the hang of the above chart, here's a hint:
Hex 41 (written as 0x41 in the programing language C) is equivalent to octal 101.

Other ASCII Charts

Here are some other folks' ASCII charts, and other interesting ASCII-related
references.
ISO 646
ASCII Table.Com - The Q and A looks familiar, doesn't it?
ASCII - ISO 8859-1 Table
HTML Character Entities
Decimal ASCII for HTML
EBCDIC Character Set - Not ASCII at all
BAUDOT - Another Set of Character Codes
More on BAUDOT
Brief History of Character Codes - Good reference material!
A Bit about Braille
- Includes info about dotless Braille.

Other Things You May Want to Know

What's its format? - Almost every file format around.
Official US Time - Current time, timezones, history, etc.
Connector Reference - From NullModem.Com - DB-25, DB-9, Null Modem,
more!
Common Terms - From NullModem.Com - Ever-growing glossary of
computer and electronics terms
Traversix
- Remote communication ports (including serial) with firewall
traversal.
Connect to your serial devices over the Internet!!!
Wavetrix
- Richardson-based electronic product design firm.
Pro Sound References - Info about pro sound, vintage consoles, cart
machines and more!
Protocols.Com - A good reference of protocols, sponsored by RAD.
Lakeview Research - Jan Axelson's reference site.
Area Code Finder

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Area Code Decoder

555-1212 - Phone numbers and addresses for everyone!
KnowX.Com - Great people-finder!
GoCurrency.Com - Currency Converter
Periodic Table of the Elements
Basic Dictionary of ASL Terms
- American Sign Language info
Modem Command Sets
- Good reference on AT command sets.
Well-known IP Port Numbers
BarcodeIsland.Com - Lots of barcode info
Barcode Primer
Barcode Formats
Code 3 of 9

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statement. If you have any questions about this page, please drop me a line (e-mail address should be
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This site last updated 5/24/2010.

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