MUGHAL GARDENS

Presented by:
Ar. Aarti Jaglan

INTRODUCTION

Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by

the Muhgals in the Islamic style of architecture.
This style was influenced by Persian Gardens
and Timurid gardens.
Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made
within the walled enclosures.

TYPICAL FEATURES

pools,
Fountains
canals inside the gardens.

Mughal Garden is divided into 3 sections

Rectangular Peal garden

long Butterfly garden

circular gardens
terraced garden

history

The founder of the Mughal empire, Barbur described his favourite

type of garden as a CHARBAGH.
This word developed a new meaning in India, because as Babur
explains, India lacked the fast-flowing streams required for the
Central Asian charbagh.
The Agra garden, now known as the Ram Bagh, is thought to have
been the first charbagh. India, Bangladesh and Pakistan have a
number of Mughal gardens which differ from their Central Asian
predecessors with respect to 'the highly disciplined geometry'.

VARIOUS MUGHAL GARDENS

Afghanistan

Bagh-e Babur (Kabul)

India

Humayun's Tomb- Delhi (Nizamuddin)

Taj Mahal - Agra

Ram Bagh - Agra

Mehtab Bagh - Agra

Shalimar Gardens (Kashmir)- Kashmir

Safdarjung's Tomb

Yadvindra Gardens- Pinjore

Khusro Bagh, Allahabad

Pakistan
Chauburji (The Gate to the Mughal Gardens)

Lahore Fort

Shahdara Bagh

Shalimar Gardens (Lahore)

Hazuri Bagh

Hiran Minar (Sheikhupura)

Mughal Garden Wah

Vernag

HUMAYUNS TOMB GARDEN

Humayun's Tomb was the first garden tomb made in India.

The garden is divided into 36 squares by a grid of water channels and
paths.
The square garden is surrounded by a high rubble wall divided initially into
four large squares separated by causeways and channels, each square
divided again into smaller squares by pathways creating a char bagh.
The laying down of the gardens in the Persian style was introduced by
Babur and continued till the period of Shah Jahan.

CHAR BAGH
FORMATION
AROUND THE TOMB
BY THE HELP OF
CHANNELS OF
WATER.

The tomb
Single rectangular
bagh

Meeting point of all

the channel
At the central axis
of the site a
fountain is placed

Scarce vegetation
done by the help of
palm trees

Intersection of two
canals having a
fountain
Char bagh
formation

CHAR BAGH AT TAJ MAHAL

The complex is set around a large 300-meter square charbagh, a Mughal
garden.
The garden uses raised pathways that divide each of the four quarters of the
garden into 16 sunken parterres or flowerbeds.
A raised marble water tank at the center of the garden, halfway between the
tomb and gateway, with a reflecting pool on North-South axis reflects the
image of the Taj Mahal.
Elsewhere, the garden is laid out with avenues of trees and fountains

The charbagh garden, a design inspired by

Persian gardens, was introduced to India by
the first Mughal emperor Babur.
It symbolizes four flowing rivers of Paradise
and reflects the gardens of Paradise derived
from the Persian paridaeza, meaning 'walled
garden'.
In mystic Islamic texts of Mughal period,
paradise is described as an ideal garden of
abundance with four rivers flowing from a
central spring or mountain, separating the
garden into north, west, south and east.
The raised marble water tank is called al
Hawd al-Kawthar, in reference to "Tank of
Abundance" promised to Muhammad.[16]

Most Mughal charbaghs are

rectangular with a tomb or pavilion in
the center.
The Taj Mahal garden is unusual in
that the main element, the tomb,
instead is located at the end of the
garden.
With the discovery of Mahtab Bagh
or "Moonlight Garden" on the other
side of the Yamuna, Archaeological
Survey of India interprets that the
Yamuna itself was incorporated into
the garden's design and was meant
to be seen as one of the rivers of
Paradise.
The similarity in layout of the garden
and its architectural features such as
fountains, brick and marble
walkways, and geometric brick-lined
flowerbeds with Shalimar's suggest
that the garden may have been
designed by the same engineer, Ali
Mardan.[18

 Early accounts of the garden describe its

profusion of vegetation, including roses,
daffodils, and fruit trees in abundance.
As the Mughal Empire declined, the tending of
the garden declined as well.
When the British took over the management of
Taj Mahal, they changed the landscaping to
resemble that of lawns of London.

CHAR BAGH
FORMATION
AROUND THE
TOMB BY THE
HELP OF
CHANNELS OF
WATER.

Shalimar gardens in kashmir

The gardens comprise four terraces, containing a canal supplied with water
from the Harwan gardens nearby.
The top garden, unseen from below, was reserved for the ladies of the court.
The garden is considered to be very beautiful during the Autumn and Spring
seasons due to the colour change in leaves and the blooming of flowers.
The gardens were the inspiration for other gardens of the same name, notably
the Shalimar Gardens in Lahore, Pakistan.
Upon completion of the gardens, the emperor is said to have recited the famous
Persian expression:
If there is a paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this.

Chinar trees

STEPPED STREAM
FORMATION WITH
CHAR BAGH ON
EITHER SIDES

Pinjore gardens In hariyana

Pinjore Gardens (also known as Pinjor Gardens or Yadavindra Gardens) is an
example of the Mughal Gardens style.
The garden is in the village of Pinjore lie 22 km from Chandigarh on the
Ambala-Shimla road. The Gardens were designed by the Nawab Fidal Khan.
He was an architect and foster brother to Aurangzeb. CM Villiers-Stuart was
resident for the gardens for a time and included a description in her book on
Gardens of the Great Mughals (1913).
The fascinating Mughal Gardens (now popularly called Pinjore Gardens) cover
a total area of 100 acres.
He planned the Gardens on the classical Charbagh pattern, giving the area a
central water way. Both sides of this waterway were covered with patches of
green bordered with flowers and shaded by trees.
Like other Mughal gardens, this one also has a sloping ground and is
decorated with fountains and grand and beautiful pavilions.
There is a channel of water in the middle of the garden. The fountains are
located inside this channel of water.
There are walkways located on both sides of the channel.
Lined with huge trees and a stretch of green grass, these walkways add to the
beauty, charm and elegance of the Pinjore Garden.
If you walk straight down, you will arrive at a huge pavilion, which offers
marvelous view of the entire garden.
The pavilion also has a terrace with a water body located in the center.

MAHTAB BAGH

 is situated on the sandy bank of Yamuna River just

opposite the Taj Mahal mausoleum.
The name Mehtab Bagh means 'Moon Lit Garden'
and the same is testified by the beautiful reflection of
Taj Mahal in the pool at night in Mahtab Bagh.
The place has a history of its own. It is believed that
the great emperor Shah Jahan who built Taj Mahal for
his queen wanted an identical one for himself at
Mehtab Bagh.
However the archaeological findings have proved the
existence of garden complex.

 The growing attention to Agra Mehtab Bagh can be

credited to the escalating concern for the Taj and its
grounds, which are in danger by urban sprawl, too many
tourists, and air pollution that eats away into the shrine's
marble exterior.

The lush gardens that once lined the riverbanks on either side of the Taj
may flourish again in a scheme to protect it from further damages.

 This place was once a heavenly garden with shaded pavilions,

fountain jets, fragrant flowers and fantastic pools.
But gradually the site became desolate & has now turned in to
an epicenter for the project to establish protective green around
the Taj Mahal.
The garden has been renovated by the Archaeological Survey
according to the original plan.
The place has been enriched with vegetation and at present
more than 40 species of plants bloom in the garden.
The garden has been built in a typical Charbagh fashion.

Ram bagh

The Ram Bagh is the oldest Mughal Garden in India,

Built by the Mughal Emperor Babur in 1528 A.D.
Planned following the charbagh pattern
Four main divisions crisscrossed by paths and waterways.
Water representated life
Located about five kilometers northeast of the Taj Mahal in Agra,
India.
The garden is a Paradise garden or Charbagh, where pathways and
canals divide the garden to represent the Islamic ideal of paradise, an
abundant garden through which rivers flow.
The Ram Bagh provides an example of a variant of the charbagh in
which water cascades down three terraces in a sequence of
cascades.

Two viewing pavilions face the Jumna

river and incorporates a subterranean
'tahkhana' which was used during the hot
summers to provide relief for visitors.
The garden has numerous water courses
and fountains
There are stairs on either sides of the
water channels, fountains and island
platforms and two pavillions on either side
of the main water channel.
The name is a corruption of the Persian
Aaram Bagh meaning 'Garden of Rest'.[2] It
is also variously known as Bagh-i Nur
Afshan 'Light-Scattering Garden', Aalsi
Bagh or 'Lazy Garden

President house garden

Long Garden or the 'Purdha Garden'

This is located to the West of the Main Garden, and runs along on either
side of the central pavement which goes to the circular garden. Enclosed
in walls about 12 feet high this is predominantly a rose garden. It has 16
square rose beds encased in low hedges. There is a red sandstone
pergola in the centre over the cental pavement which is covered with
Rose creepers, Petrea, Bougainvillea and Grape Vines. The walls are
covered with creepers like Jasmine, Rhyncospermum, Tecoma
Grandiflora, Bignonia Vanista, Adenoclyma, Echitice, Parana
Paniculata. Along the walls are planted the China Orange trees.
Atop these walls are often seen vain Peacocks dancing, vying for the
attention of the demure peahens

Long Garden or the 'Purdha Garden'

President house garden

Terrace Garden

There are two longitudinal strips of garden at a higher level on

either side of the Main Garden forming the Northern and
Southern boundary. The plants grown are the same as in the
Main Garden. At the centre of both the strips is a fountain which
falls inwards forming a well. On the Western tips are located
two gazebos and on the Eastern tips two ornately designed
sentry posts.

President house garden

The Circular (Sunken or Butterfly) Garden

This is the westernmost portion of the garden.A jewel.A delight to behold.A

terraced bowl planted with fragrant varieties like Stock, Verbena, Mignonette,
with tall Dahlias planted along the periphery keenly watching,and Jasmines of
all kinds tenderly leaning on to the circular enclosure.
There is a bubble fountain concealed in a pool in the centre.Soft consistent
waves keep eddying outwards-transform into the static waves of colours-climb
up along the curious Dahlias upto the walls and thereafter disintegrate into the
oblivion- the depth of unfathomable skies whereas the fragrance returns to the
bedazzled onlooker. Unsuspecting butterflies flutter incessently. Once in a while
a naughty Peacock shakes the frozen tranquility by a sharp mating call or a
clumsy flight across two meditating trees.
Around the circular garden there are rooms for Office of the horticulturist,a
green house,stores, nursery etc. Here only is housed the collection of
Bonsais,one of the best in the country.

The Circular (Sunken ) Garden