IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)

e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-765X. Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. II (May - Jun. 2015), PP 53-57
www.iosrjournals.org

Successive Approximation Method for Rayleigh Wave Equation

Saad A. Manaa1, Fadhil H. Easif 2, Omar A. Abdulkareem3
1, 2, 3

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho,

Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract: In this paper, Rayleigh wave equation has been solved numerically for finding an approximate
solution by Successive approximation method and Finite difference method. Example showed that Successive
approximation method is much faster and effective for this kind of problems than Finite difference method.
Keywords - Rayleigh wave equation, SAM, FDM.

I.

Introduction

Nonlinear first-order partial differential equations arise in a variety of physical theories, primarily in
dynamics (to generate canonical transformations), continuum mechanics (to record conservation of mass,
momentum, energy, etc.) and optics (to describe wave fronts). Although the strong nonlinearity generally
precludes our deriving any simple formulas for solutions, we can, remarkably, often employ There is an
approximation method for solving integral equations and differential equations. This method starts by using the
constant function as an approximation to a solution. We substitute this approximation into the right side of the
given equation and use the result as a next approximation to the solution. Then we substitute this approximation
into the right side of the given equation to obtain what we hope is a still better approximation and we continuing
the process. Our goal is to find a function with the property that when it is substituted in the right side of the
given equation the result is the same function. This procedure is known as successive approximation method [1].

II.

Indentations And EQUATIONS

2.1 Mathematical model:

In the physical and mathematical literature [2]-[4] we find the Rayleigh wave equation
(1)
Related to Rayleigh wave equation of Van Der Pol type
(2)
Each of these has been used to model physical phenomena. Now , the PDE (1) serves as a model for large
amplitude vibrations of wind-blown , ice-laden power transmission lines, in time that, the PDE (2) describes
plan electromagnetic wave propagation between two parallel planes in a region where the conductivity varies
quadratically with electric field.
2.2 Finite Difference Method (FDM)
A finite difference method proceeds by replacing the derivatives in the differential equations by finite
difference approximations. We assume the function whose derivatives are to be approximated by using Taylors
expansion. This gives a large algebraic system of equations to be solved in place of the differential equation,
something that is easily solved on a computer. So we can get [5]
(3)
Similarly

(4)

With the notation the forward difference approximation

is
(5)

Similarly, for central difference approximation

is

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11325357

www.iosrjournals.org

53 | Page

Successive Approximation Method for Rayleigh wave equation

(6)
2.3 Derivation of FDM for solving nonlinear Rayleigh wave equation
Substituting equations (3-5) in equation (1) we get

(7)

2.4 Basic Idea of the Successive Method (SAM)

The method of SAM provides a method that can, in principle, be used to solve any initial value
problem [6]
(8)
u' f (t , u); u(t 0 ) u0
It starts by observing that any solution to (8) must also be a solution to
t

u (t ) u0 f ( s, u ( s))ds

(9)

t0

And then iteratively constructs a sequence of solutions that get closer and closer to the actual (exact) solutions
of (9). The SAM is based on the integral equation (9) as follows:

u0 (t ) u0
t

u1 (t ) u0 f ( s, u0 )ds
t0
t

u2 (t ) u0 f ( s, u1 ( s ))ds
t0
t

u3 (t ) u0 f ( s, u2 ( s ))ds
t0

This process can be continued to obtain the nth approximation,

t

un (t ) u0 f ( s, un1 ( s))ds,

n 1, 2,....

t0

Then determine whether

following:
The sequence {

u n (x)

The limiting function

approaches the solution u(x) as n increases. This will be done by proving the

converges to a limit u(x), that

u (x)

is a solution of (9) on the interval

a x b.

The solution u (x) of (9) is unique.

A proof of these results can be constructed along the lines of the corresponding proof for ordinary differential
equations [7]

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11325357

www.iosrjournals.org

54 | Page

Successive Approximation Method for Rayleigh wave equation

2.5 Derivation of SAM for solving nonlinear Rayleigh wave equation
The general successive approximation method for equation (R)
(10)
To approximate solution for equation (R), we start with putting n=1 in equation (s) to obtain
(11)

Let

So
(12)
Put n=2 in (10) to obtain a second approximation

as follow :
(13)

Substituting equation (12) in equation (13) we get

(14)
By the same way for n=3,4,...

III.

Figures And Tables

We apply successive approximations method and finite difference method to solve non linear Rayleigh
wave equation, and present numerical result to verify the effectiveness of these method ,we take the following
example:

The results are given in the following figures and tables

Fig. 1:mesh using finite difference method

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11325357

Fig. 2: mesh using successive approximation method

www.iosrjournals.org

55 | Page

Successive Approximation Method for Rayleigh wave equation

Fig. 3: Explicit Finite Difference method for different t

Fig4: Successive approximation method for different t

Fig.5: Comparison between Explicit Finite Difference and

successive approximation method
Table 1: Explicit Finite Difference method for different t

Table 2: successive approximation method for different t

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11325357

www.iosrjournals.org

56 | Page

Successive Approximation Method for Rayleigh wave equation

IV.

Conclusion

From numerical example we showed that successive approximation method easier, faster and more
accurate than finite difference method as shown in figures (1-5) and tables (1-2) .

References
[1].
[2].
[3].
[4].
[5].
[6].
[7].

F. Brauer, & J. A. Nohel, (1973). Ordinary Differential Equations: a First Course (2nd ed.). INC. London: W. A. Benjamin.
Darmawijoyo, and van Horssen W. T., `On the weakly Damped Vibrations of A String Attached to A Spring-Mass-Dashpot ystem',
2002 to appear in Journal of Vibrationand Control.
Morg ul, O., Rao, B. P., and Conrad, F., `On the stabilization of a cable with a Tip Mass', IEEE Transactions on automatic
control 39, no.10, 1994, 2140-2145.
Krol, M.S., `On a Galerkin - Averaging Method for Weakly nonlinear Wave Equations', Mathematical Methods in the Applied
Sciences 11, 1989, 649 - 664.
G. D. Smith, Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equation: Finite Difference Method, Second Edition, Oxford University
press (1965).
A. J., Jerri, Introduction To Integral Equations With Applications, (Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York and Basel,1985) .
E. A., Coddinggton, An introduction To Ordinary Differential Equations With Applications, (Prentics-Hall,INC.,1961).

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11325357

www.iosrjournals.org

57 | Page