Konvensi Jenewa Tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Tawanan Perang

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https://www.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6fef854a3517b75ac125641e004a9e68
Franais
TREATIESAND
STATESPARTIESTOSUCHTREATIES
WHOWEARE
WHATWEDO
WHEREWEWORK
WAR&LAW
QUICKACCESS
SUPPORTUS
CONTACT
RESOURCECENTRE
DONATE
Convention(III)relativetotheTreatmentofPrisonersofWar.
Geneva,12August1949.
Preamble
TheundersignedPlenipotentiariesoftheGovernmentsrepresentedattheDiplomaticConference
heldatGenevafromApril21toAugust12,1949,forthepurposeofrevisingtheConvention
concludedatGenevaonJuly27,1929,relativetotheTreatmentofPrisonersofWar,haveagreed
asfollows:
PartI.GeneralProvisions
Art1.TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketorespectandtoensurerespectforthepresent
Conventioninallcircumstances.
Art2.Inadditiontotheprovisionswhichshallbeimplementedinpeacetime,thepresent
Conventionshallapplytoallcasesofdeclaredwarorofanyotherarmedconflictwhichmayarise
betweentwoormoreoftheHighContractingParties,evenifthestateofwarisnotrecognizedby
oneofthem.
TheConventionshallalsoapplytoallcasesofpartialortotaloccupationoftheterritoryofaHigh
ContractingParty,evenifthesaidoccupationmeetswithnoarmedresistance.
AlthoughoneofthePowersinconflictmaynotbeapartytothepresentConvention,thePowers
whoarepartiestheretoshallremainboundbyitintheirmutualrelations.Theyshallfurthermorebe
boundbytheConventioninrelationtothesaidPower,ifthelatteracceptsandappliesthe
provisionsthereof.
Art3.Inthecaseofarmedconflictnotofaninternationalcharacteroccurringintheterritoryofoneof
theHighContractingParties,eachPartytotheconflictshallbeboundtoapply,asaminimum,the
following
provisions:
(1)Personstakingnoactivepartinthehostilities,includingmembersofarmedforceswhohavelaid
downtheirarmsandthoseplacedhorsdecombatbysickness,wounds,detention,oranyother
cause,shallinallcircumstancesbetreatedhumanely,withoutanyadversedistinctionfoundedon
race,colour,religionorfaith,sex,birthorwealth,oranyothersimilarcriteria.Tothisendthe
followingactsareandshallremainprohibitedatanytimeandinanyplacewhatsoeverwithrespect
totheabovementionedpersons:
(a)violencetolifeandperson,inparticularmurderofallkinds,mutilation,crueltreatmentand
torture
(b)takingofhostages
(c)outragesuponpersonaldignity,inparticular,humiliatinganddegradingtreatment
(d)thepassingofsentencesandthecarryingoutofexecutionswithoutpreviousjudgment
pronouncedbyaregularlyconstitutedcourtaffordingallthejudicialguaranteeswhichare
recognizedasindispensablebycivilizedpeoples.
(2)Thewoundedandsickshallbecollectedandcaredfor.
Animpartialhumanitarianbody,suchastheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,mayofferits
servicestothePartiestotheconflict.
ThePartiestotheconflictshouldfurtherendeavourtobringintoforce,bymeansofspecial
agreements,allorpartoftheotherprovisionsofthepresentConvention.
TheapplicationoftheprecedingprovisionsshallnotaffectthelegalstatusofthePartiestothe
conflict.
Art4.A.Prisonersofwar,inthesenseofthepresentConvention,arepersonsbelongingtooneof
thefollowingcategories,whohavefallenintothepoweroftheenemy:
(1)MembersofthearmedforcesofaPartytotheconflict,aswellasmembersofmilitiasorvolunteer
corpsformingpartofsucharmedforces.
(2)Membersofothermilitiasandmembersofothervolunteercorps,includingthoseoforganized
resistancemovements,belongingtoaPartytotheconflictandoperatinginoroutsidetheirown
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territory,evenifthisterritoryisoccupied,providedthatsuchmilitiasorvolunteercorps,including
suchorganizedresistancemovements,fulfilthefollowingconditions:
(a)thatofbeingcommandedbyapersonresponsibleforhissubordinates
(b)thatofhavingafixeddistinctivesignrecognizableatadistance
(c)thatofcarryingarmsopenly
(d)thatofconductingtheiroperationsinaccordancewiththelawsandcustomsofwar.
(3)Membersofregulararmedforceswhoprofessallegiancetoagovernmentoranauthoritynot
recognizedbytheDetainingPower.
(4)Personswhoaccompanythearmedforceswithoutactuallybeingmembersthereof,suchas
civilianmembersofmilitaryaircraftcrews,warcorrespondents,supplycontractors,membersof
labourunitsorofservicesresponsibleforthewelfareofthearmedforces,providedthattheyhave
receivedauthorization,fromthearmedforceswhichtheyaccompany,whoshallprovidethemfor
thatpurposewithanidentitycardsimilartotheannexedmodel.
(5)Membersofcrews,includingmasters,pilotsandapprentices,ofthemerchantmarineandthe
crewsofcivilaircraftofthePartiestotheconflict,whodonotbenefitbymorefavourabletreatment
underanyotherprovisionsofinternationallaw.
(6)Inhabitantsofanonoccupiedterritory,whoontheapproachoftheenemyspontaneouslytake
uparmstoresisttheinvadingforces,withouthavinghadtimetoformthemselvesintoregulararmed
units,providedtheycarryarmsopenlyandrespectthelawsandcustomsofwar.
B.ThefollowingshalllikewisebetreatedasprisonersofwarunderthepresentConvention:
(1)Personsbelonging,orhavingbelonged,tothearmedforcesoftheoccupiedcountry,ifthe
occupyingPowerconsidersitnecessarybyreasonofsuchallegiancetointernthem,eventhoughit
hasoriginallyliberatedthemwhilehostilitiesweregoingonoutsidetheterritoryitoccupies,in
particularwheresuchpersonshavemadeanunsuccessfulattempttorejointhearmedforcesto
whichtheybelongandwhichareengagedincombat,orwheretheyfailtocomplywithasummons
madetothemwithaviewtointernment.
(2)ThepersonsbelongingtooneofthecategoriesenumeratedinthepresentArticle,whohave
beenreceivedbyneutralornonbelligerentPowersontheirterritoryandwhomthesePowersare
requiredtointernunderinternationallaw,withoutprejudicetoanymorefavourabletreatmentwhich
thesePowersmaychoosetogiveandwiththeexceptionofArticles8,10,15,30,fifthparagraph,
5867,92,126and,wherediplomaticrelationsexistbetweenthePartiestotheconflictandthe
neutralornonbelligerentPowerconcerned,thoseArticlesconcerningtheProtectingPower.Where
suchdiplomaticrelationsexist,thePartiestoaconflictonwhomthesepersonsdependshallbe
allowedtoperformtowardsthemthefunctionsofaProtectingPowerasprovidedinthepresent
Convention,withoutprejudicetothefunctionswhichthesePartiesnormallyexerciseinconformity
withdiplomaticandconsularusageandtreaties.
C.ThisArticleshallinnowayaffectthestatusofmedicalpersonnelandchaplainsasprovidedforin
Article33ofthepresentConvention.
Art5.ThepresentConventionshallapplytothepersonsreferredtoinArticle4fromthetimetheyfall
intothepoweroftheenemyanduntiltheirfinalreleaseandrepatriation.
Shouldanydoubtariseastowhetherpersons,havingcommittedabelligerentactandhavingfallen
intothehandsoftheenemy,belongtoanyofthecategoriesenumeratedinArticle4,suchpersons
shallenjoytheprotectionofthepresentConventionuntilsuchtimeastheirstatushasbeen
determinedbyacompetenttribunal.
Art6.InadditiontotheagreementsexpresslyprovidedforinArticles10,23,28,33,60,65,66,67,
72,73,75,109,110,118,119,122and132,theHighContractingPartiesmayconcludeother
specialagreementsforallmattersconcerningwhichtheymaydeemitsuitabletomakeseparate
provision.Nospecialagreementshalladverselyaffectthesituationofprisonersofwar,asdefined
bythepresentConvention,norrestricttherightswhichitconfersuponthem.
PrisonersofwarshallcontinuetohavethebenefitofsuchagreementsaslongastheConventionis
applicabletothem,exceptwhereexpressprovisionstothecontraryarecontainedintheaforesaid
orinsubsequentagreements,orwheremorefavourablemeasureshavebeentakenwithregardto
thembyoneorotherofthePartiestotheconflict.
Art7.Prisonersofwarmayinnocircumstancesrenounceinpartorinentiretytherightssecuredto
thembythepresentConvention,andbythespecialagreementsreferredtointheforegoingArticle,
ifsuchtherebe.
Art8.ThepresentConventionshallbeappliedwiththecooperationandunderthescrutinyofthe
ProtectingPowerswhosedutyitistosafeguardtheinterestsofthePartiestotheconflict.Forthis
purpose,theProtectingPowersmayappoint,apartfromtheirdiplomaticorconsularstaff,delegates
fromamongsttheirownnationalsorthenationalsofotherneutralPowers.Thesaiddelegatesshall
besubjecttotheapprovalofthePowerwithwhichtheyaretocarryouttheirduties.
ThePartiestotheconflictshallfacilitatetothegreatestextentpossiblethetaskofthe
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representativesordelegatesoftheProtectingPowers.
TherepresentativesordelegatesoftheProtectingPowersshallnotinanycaseexceedtheir
missionunderthepresentConvention.Theyshall,inparticular,takeaccountoftheimperative
necessitiesofsecurityoftheStatewhereintheycarryouttheirduties.
Art9.TheprovisionsofthepresentConventionconstitutenoobstacletothehumanitarianactivities
whichtheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherimpartialhumanitarian
organizationmay,subjecttotheconsentofthePartiestotheconflictconcerned,undertakeforthe
protectionofprisonersofwarandfortheirrelief.
Art10.TheHighContractingPartiesmayatanytimeagreetoentrusttoanorganizationwhichoffers
allguaranteesofimpartialityandefficacythedutiesincumbentontheProtectingPowersbyvirtueof
thepresentConvention.
Whenprisonersofwardonotbenefitorceasetobenefit,nomatterforwhatreason,bytheactivities
ofaProtectingPowerorofanorganizationprovidedforinthefirstparagraphabove,theDetaining
PowershallrequestaneutralState,orsuchanorganization,toundertakethefunctionsperformed
underthepresentConventionbyaProtectingPowerdesignatedbythePartiestoaconflict.
Ifprotectioncannotbearrangedaccordingly,theDetainingPowershallrequestorshallaccept,
subjecttotheprovisionsofthisArticle,theofferoftheservicesofahumanitarianorganization,such
astheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosstoassumethehumanitarianfunctionsperformedby
ProtectingPowersunderthepresentConvention.
AnyneutralPoweroranyorganizationinvitedbythePowerconcernedorofferingitselfforthese
purposes,shallberequiredtoactwithasenseofresponsibilitytowardsthePartytotheconflicton
whichpersonsprotectedbythepresentConventiondepend,andshallberequiredtofurnish
sufficientassurancesthatitisinapositiontoundertaketheappropriatefunctionsandtodischarge
themimpartially.
Noderogationfromtheprecedingprovisionsshallbemadebyspecialagreementsbetween
Powersoneofwhichisrestricted,eventemporarily,initsfreedomtonegotiatewiththeotherPower
oritsalliesbyreasonofmilitaryevents,moreparticularlywherethewhole,orasubstantialpart,of
theterritoryofthesaidPowerisoccupied.
WheneverinthepresentConventionmentionismadeofaProtectingPower,suchmentionapplies
tosubstituteorganizationsinthesenseofthepresentArticle.
Art11.Incaseswheretheydeemitadvisableintheinterestofprotectedpersons,particularlyin
casesofdisagreementbetweenthePartiestotheconflictastotheapplicationorinterpretationof
theprovisionsofthepresentConvention,theProtectingPowersshalllendtheirgoodofficeswitha
viewtosettlingthedisagreement.
Forthispurpose,eachoftheProtectingPowersmay,eitherattheinvitationofonePartyoronits
owninitiative,proposetothePartiestotheconflictameetingoftheirrepresentatives,andin
particularoftheauthoritiesresponsibleforprisonersofwar,possiblyonneutralterritorysuitably
chosen.ThePartiestotheconflictshallbeboundtogiveeffecttotheproposalsmadetothemfor
thispurpose.TheProtectingPowersmay,ifnecessary,proposeforapprovalbythePartiestothe
conflictapersonbelongingtoaneutralPower,ordelegatedbytheInternationalCommitteeofthe
RedCross,whoshallbeinvitedtotakepartinsuchameeting.
PartII.GeneralProtectionofPrisonersofWar
Art12.PrisonersofwarareinthehandsoftheenemyPower,butnotoftheindividualsormilitary
unitswhohavecapturedthem.Irrespectiveoftheindividualresponsibilitiesthatmayexist,the
DetainingPowerisresponsibleforthetreatmentgiventhem.
PrisonersofwarmayonlybetransferredbytheDetainingPowertoaPowerwhichisapartytothe
ConventionandaftertheDetainingPowerhassatisfieditselfofthewillingnessandabilityofsuch
transfereePowertoapplytheConvention.Whenprisonersofwararetransferredundersuch
circumstances,responsibilityfortheapplicationoftheConventionrestsonthePoweraccepting
themwhiletheyareinitscustody.
Nevertheless,ifthatPowerfailstocarryouttheprovisionsoftheConventioninanyimportant
respect,thePowerbywhomtheprisonersofwarweretransferredshall,uponbeingnotifiedbythe
ProtectingPower,takeeffectivemeasurestocorrectthesituationorshallrequestthereturnofthe
prisonersofwar.Suchrequestsmustbecompliedwith.
Art13.Prisonersofwarmustatalltimesbehumanelytreated.Anyunlawfulactoromissionbythe
DetainingPowercausingdeathorseriouslyendangeringthehealthofaprisonerofwarinits
custodyisprohibited,andwillberegardedasaseriousbreachofthepresentConvention.In
particular,noprisonerofwarmaybesubjectedtophysicalmutilationortomedicalorscientific
experimentsofanykindwhicharenotjustifiedbythemedical,dentalorhospitaltreatmentofthe
prisonerconcernedandcarriedoutinhisinterest.
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Likewise,prisonersofwarmustatalltimesbeprotected,particularlyagainstactsofviolenceor
intimidationandagainstinsultsandpubliccuriosity.
Measuresofreprisalagainstprisonersofwarareprohibited.
Art14.Prisonersofwarareentitledinallcircumstancestorespectfortheirpersonsandtheir
honour.
Womenshallbetreatedwithalltheregardduetotheirsexandshallinallcasesbenefitby
treatmentasfavourableasthatgrantedtomen.
Prisonersofwarshallretainthefullcivilcapacitywhichtheyenjoyedatthetimeoftheircapture.The
DetainingPowermaynotrestricttheexercise,eitherwithinorwithoutitsownterritory,oftherights
suchcapacityconfersexceptinsofarasthecaptivityrequires.
Art15.ThePowerdetainingprisonersofwarshallbeboundtoprovidefreeofchargefortheir
maintenanceandforthemedicalattentionrequiredbytheirstateofhealth.
Art16.TakingintoconsiderationtheprovisionsofthepresentConventionrelatingtorankandsex,
andsubjecttoanyprivilegedtreatmentwhichmaybeaccordedtothembyreasonoftheirstateof
health,ageorprofessionalqualifications,allprisonersofwarshallbetreatedalikebytheDetaining
Power,withoutanyadversedistinctionbasedonrace,nationality,religiousbelieforpolitical
opinions,oranyotherdistinctionfoundedonsimilarcriteria.
PartIII.Captivity
Section1.BeginningofCaptivity
Art17.Everyprisonerofwar,whenquestionedonthesubject,isboundtogiveonlyhissurname,
firstnamesandrank,dateofbirth,andarmy,regimental,personalorserialnumber,orfailingthis,
equivalentinformation.
Ifhewilfullyinfringesthisrule,hemayrenderhimselfliabletoarestrictionoftheprivilegesaccorded
tohisrankorstatus.
EachPartytoaconflictisrequiredtofurnishthepersonsunderitsjurisdictionwhoareliableto
becomeprisonersofwar,withanidentitycardshowingtheowner'ssurname,firstnames,rank,
army,regimental,personalorserialnumberorequivalentinformation,anddateofbirth.Theidentity
cardmay,furthermore,bearthesignatureorthefingerprints,orboth,oftheowner,andmaybear,as
well,anyotherinformationthePartytotheconflictmaywishtoaddconcerningpersonsbelongingto
itsarmedforces.Asfaraspossiblethecardshallmeasure6.5x10cm.andshallbeissuedin
duplicate.Theidentitycardshallbeshownbytheprisonerofwarupondemand,butmayinnocase
betakenawayfromhim.
Nophysicalormentaltorture,noranyotherformofcoercion,maybeinflictedonprisonersofwarto
securefromtheminformationofanykindwhatever.Prisonersofwarwhorefusetoanswermaynot
bethreatened,insulted,orexposedtounpleasantordisadvantageoustreatmentofanykind.
Prisonersofwarwho,owingtotheirphysicalormentalcondition,areunabletostatetheiridentity,
shallbehandedovertothemedicalservice.Theidentityofsuchprisonersshallbeestablishedby
allpossiblemeans,subjecttotheprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph.
Thequestioningofprisonersofwarshallbecarriedoutinalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.
Art18.Alleffectsandarticlesofpersonaluse,exceptarms,horses,militaryequipmentandmilitary
documents,shallremaininthepossessionofprisonersofwar,likewisetheirmetalhelmetsandgas
masksandlikearticlesissuedforpersonalprotection.Effectsandarticlesusedfortheirclothingor
feedingshalllikewiseremainintheirpossession,evenifsucheffectsandarticlesbelongtotheir
regulationmilitaryequipment.
Atnotimeshouldprisonersofwarbewithoutidentitydocuments.TheDetainingPowershallsupply
suchdocumentstoprisonersofwarwhopossessnone.
Badgesofrankandnationality,decorationsandarticleshavingaboveallapersonalorsentimental
valuemaynotbetakenfromprisonersofwar.
Sumsofmoneycarriedbyprisonersofwarmaynotbetakenawayfromthemexceptbyorderofan
officer,andaftertheamountandparticularsoftheownerhavebeenrecordedinaspecialregister
andanitemizedreceipthasbeengiven,legiblyinscribedwiththename,rankandunitoftheperson
issuingthesaidreceipt.SumsinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,orwhicharechangedinto
suchcurrencyattheprisoner'srequest,shallbeplacedtothecreditoftheprisoner'saccountas
providedinArticle64.
TheDetainingPowermaywithdrawarticlesofvaluefromprisonersofwaronlyforreasonsof
securitywhensucharticlesarewithdrawn,theprocedurelaiddownforsumsofmoneyimpounded
shallapply.
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Suchobjects,likewisesumstakenawayinanycurrencyotherthanthatoftheDetainingPowerand
theconversionofwhichhasnotbeenaskedforbytheowners,shallbekeptinthecustodyofthe
DetainingPowerandshallbereturnedintheirinitialshapetoprisonersofwarattheendoftheir
captivity.
Art19.Prisonersofwarshallbeevacuated,assoonaspossibleaftertheircapture,tocamps
situatedinanareafarenoughfromthecombatzoneforthemtobeoutofdanger.
Onlythoseprisonersofwarwho,owingtowoundsorsickness,wouldrungreaterrisksbybeing
evacuatedthanbyremainingwheretheyare,maybetemporarilykeptbackinadangerzone.
Prisonersofwarshallnotbeunnecessarilyexposedtodangerwhileawaitingevacuationfroma
fightingzone.
Art20.Theevacuationofprisonersofwarshallalwaysbeeffectedhumanelyandinconditions
similartothosefortheforcesoftheDetainingPowerintheirchangesofstation.
TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarwhoarebeingevacuatedwithsufficientfoodand
potablewater,andwiththenecessaryclothingandmedicalattention.TheDetainingPowershall
takeallsuitableprecautionstoensuretheirsafetyduringevacuation,andshallestablishassoonas
possiblealistoftheprisonersofwarwhoareevacuated.
Ifprisonersofwarmust,duringevacuation,passthroughtransitcamps,theirstayinsuchcamps
shallbeasbriefaspossible.
SectionII.InternmentofPrisonersofWar
ChapterI.GeneralObservations
Art21.TheDetainingPowermaysubjectprisonersofwartointernment.Itmayimposeonthemthe
obligationofnotleaving,beyondcertainlimits,thecampwheretheyareinterned,orifthesaidcamp
isfencedin,ofnotgoingoutsideitsperimeter.SubjecttotheprovisionsofthepresentConvention
relativetopenalanddisciplinarysanctions,prisonersofwarmaynotbeheldincloseconfinement
exceptwherenecessarytosafeguardtheirhealthandthenonlyduringthecontinuationofthe
circumstanceswhichmakesuchconfinementnecessary.
Prisonersofwarmaybepartiallyorwhollyreleasedonparoleorpromise,insofarasisallowedby
thelawsofthePoweronwhichtheydepend.Suchmeasuresshallbetakenparticularlyincases
wherethismaycontributetotheimprovementoftheirstateofhealth.Noprisonerofwarshallbe
compelledtoacceptlibertyonparoleorpromise.
Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,eachPartytotheconflictshallnotifytheadversePartyofthelaws
andregulationsallowingorforbiddingitsownnationalstoacceptlibertyonparoleorpromise.
Prisonersofwarwhoareparoledorwhohavegiventheirpromiseinconformitywiththelawsand
regulationssonotified,areboundontheirpersonalhonourscrupulouslytofulfil,bothtowardsthe
PoweronwhichtheydependandtowardsthePowerwhichhascapturedthem,theengagementsof
theirparolesorpromises.Insuchcases,thePoweronwhichtheydependisboundneitherto
requirenortoacceptfromthemanyserviceincompatiblewiththeparoleorpromisegiven.
Art22.Prisonersofwarmaybeinternedonlyinpremiseslocatedonlandandaffordingevery
guaranteeofhygieneandhealthfulness.Exceptinparticularcaseswhicharejustifiedbytheinterest
oftheprisonersthemselves,theyshallnotbeinternedinpenitentiaries.
Prisonersofwarinternedinunhealthyareas,orwheretheclimateisinjuriousforthem,shallbe
removedassoonaspossibletoamorefavourableclimate.
TheDetainingPowershallassembleprisonersofwarincampsorcampcompoundsaccordingto
theirnationality,languageandcustoms,providedthatsuchprisonersshallnotbeseparatedfrom
prisonersofwarbelongingtothearmedforceswithwhichtheywereservingatthetimeoftheir
capture,exceptwiththeirconsent.
Art23.Noprisonerofwarmayatanytimebesentto,ordetainedinareaswherehemaybe
exposedtothefireofthecombatzone,normayhispresencebeusedtorendercertainpointsor
areasimmunefrommilitaryoperations.
Prisonersofwarshallhavesheltersagainstairbombardmentandotherhazardsofwar,tothesame
extentasthelocalcivilianpopulation.Withtheexceptionofthoseengagedintheprotectionoftheir
quartersagainsttheaforesaidhazards,theymayentersuchsheltersassoonaspossibleafterthe
givingofthealarm.Anyotherprotectivemeasuretakeninfavourofthepopulationshallalsoapply
tothem.
DetainingPowersshallgivethePowersconcerned,throughtheintermediaryoftheProtecting
Powers,allusefulinformationregardingthegeographicallocationofprisonerofwarcamps.
Whenevermilitaryconsiderationspermit,prisonerofwarcampsshallbeindicatedinthedaytime
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bythelettersPWorPG,placedsoastobeclearlyvisiblefromtheair.ThePowersconcernedmay,
however,agreeuponanyothersystemofmarking.Onlyprisonerofwarcampsshallbemarkedas
such.
Art24.Transitorscreeningcampsofapermanentkindshallbefittedoutunderconditionssimilarto
thosedescribedinthepresentSection,andtheprisonersthereinshallhavethesametreatmentas
inothercamps.
ChapterII.Quarters,FoodandClothingofPrisonersofWar
Art25.Prisonersofwarshallbequarteredunderconditionsasfavourableasthosefortheforcesof
theDetainingPowerwhoarebilletedinthesamearea.Thesaidconditionsshallmakeallowance
forthehabitsandcustomsoftheprisonersandshallinnocasebeprejudicialtotheirhealth.
Theforegoingprovisionsshallapplyinparticulartothedormitoriesofprisonersofwarasregards
bothtotalsurfaceandminimumcubicspace,andthegeneralinstallations,beddingandblankets.
Thepremisesprovidedfortheuseofprisonersofwarindividuallyorcollectively,shallbeentirely
protectedfromdampnessandadequatelyheatedandlighted,inparticularbetweenduskandlights
out.Allprecautionsmustbetakenagainstthedangeroffire.
Inanycampsinwhichwomenprisonersofwar,aswellasmen,areaccommodated,separate
dormitoriesshallbeprovidedforthem.
Art26.Thebasicdailyfoodrationsshallbesufficientinquantity,qualityandvarietytokeep
prisonersofwaringoodhealthandtopreventlossofweightorthedevelopmentofnutritional
deficiencies.Accountshallalsobetakenofthehabitualdietoftheprisoners.
TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarwhoworkwithsuchadditionalrationsasare
necessaryforthelabouronwhichtheyareemployed.
Sufficientdrinkingwatershallbesuppliedtoprisonersofwar.Theuseoftobaccoshallbepermitted.
Prisonersofwarshall,asfaraspossible,beassociatedwiththepreparationoftheirmealsthey
maybeemployedforthatpurposeinthekitchens.Furthermore,theyshallbegiventhemeansof
preparing,themselves,theadditionalfoodintheirpossession.
Adequatepremisesshallbeprovidedformessing.
Collectivedisciplinarymeasuresaffectingfoodareprohibited.
Art27.Clothing,underwearandfootwearshallbesuppliedtoprisonersofwarinsufficient
quantitiesbytheDetainingPower,whichshallmakeallowancefortheclimateoftheregionwhere
theprisonersaredetained.UniformsofenemyarmedforcescapturedbytheDetainingPower
should,ifsuitablefortheclimate,bemadeavailabletoclotheprisonersofwar.
TheregularreplacementandrepairoftheabovearticlesshallbeassuredbytheDetainingPower.
Inaddition,prisonersofwarwhoworkshallreceiveappropriateclothing,whereverthenatureofthe
workdemands.
Art28.Canteensshallbeinstalledinallcamps,whereprisonersofwarmayprocurefoodstuffs,
soapandtobaccoandordinaryarticlesindailyuse.Thetariffshallneverbeinexcessoflocal
marketprices.
Theprofitsmadebycampcanteensshallbeusedforthebenefitoftheprisonersaspecialfund
shallbecreatedforthispurpose.Theprisoners'representativeshallhavetherighttocollaboratein
themanagementofthecanteenandofthisfund.
Whenacampiscloseddown,thecreditbalanceofthespecialfundshallbehandedtoan
internationalwelfareorganization,tobeemployedforthebenefitofprisonersofwarofthesame
nationalityasthosewhohavecontributedtothefund.Incaseofageneralrepatriation,suchprofits
shallbekeptbytheDetainingPower,subjecttoanyagreementtothecontrarybetweenthePowers
concerned.
ChapterIII.HygeneandMedicalAttention
Art29.TheDetainingPowershallbeboundtotakeallsanitarymeasuresnecessarytoensurethe
cleanlinessandhealthfulnessofcampsandtopreventepidemics.
Prisonersofwarshallhavefortheiruse,dayandnight,convenienceswhichconformtotherulesof
hygieneandaremaintainedinaconstantstateofcleanliness.Inanycampsinwhichwomen
prisonersofwarareaccommodated,separateconveniencesshallbeprovidedforthem.
Also,apartfromthebathsandshowerswithwhichthecampsshallbefurnishedprisonersofwar
shallbeprovidedwithsufficientwaterandsoapfortheirpersonaltoiletandforwashingtheir
personallaundrythenecessaryinstallations,facilitiesandtimeshallbegrantedthemforthat
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purpose.
Art30.Everycampshallhaveanadequateinfirmarywhereprisonersofwarmayhavetheattention
theyrequire,aswellasappropriatediet.Isolationwardsshall,ifnecessary,besetasideforcasesof
contagiousormentaldisease.
Prisonersofwarsufferingfromseriousdisease,orwhoseconditionnecessitatesspecialtreatment,
asurgicaloperationorhospitalcare,mustbeadmittedtoanymilitaryorcivilianmedicalunitwhere
suchtreatmentcanbegiven,eveniftheirrepatriationiscontemplatedinthenearfuture.Special
facilitiesshallbeaffordedforthecaretobegiventothedisabled,inparticulartotheblind,andfor
their.rehabilitation,pendingrepatriation.
Prisonersofwarshallhavetheattention,preferably,ofmedicalpersonnelofthePoweronwhich
theydependand,ifpossible,oftheirnationality.
Prisonersofwarmaynotbepreventedfrompresentingthemselvestothemedicalauthoritiesfor
examination.Thedetainingauthoritiesshall,uponrequest,issuetoeveryprisonerwhohas
undergonetreatment,anofficialcertificateindicatingthenatureofhisillnessorinjury,andthe
durationandkindoftreatmentreceived.Aduplicateofthiscertificateshallbeforwardedtothe
CentralPrisonersofWarAgency.
Thecostsoftreatment,includingthoseofanyapparatusnecessaryforthemaintenanceofprisoners
ofwaringoodhealth,particularlydenturesandotherartificialappliances,andspectacles,shallbe
bornebytheDetainingPower.
Art31.Medicalinspectionsofprisonersofwarshallbeheldatleastonceamonth.Theyshall
includethecheckingandtherecordingoftheweightofeachprisonerofwar.
Theirpurposeshallbe,inparticular,tosupervisethegeneralstateofhealth,nutritionand
cleanlinessofprisonersandtodetectcontagiousdiseases,especiallytuberculosis,malariaand
venerealdisease.Forthispurposethemostefficientmethodsavailableshallbeemployed,e.g.
periodicmassminiatureradiographyfortheearlydetectionoftuberculosis.
Art32.Prisonersofwarwho,thoughnotattachedtothemedicalserviceoftheirarmedforces,are
physicians,surgeons,dentists,nursesormedicalorderlies,mayberequiredbytheDetaining
Powertoexercisetheirmedicalfunctionsintheinterestsofprisonersofwardependentonthesame
Power.Inthatcasetheyshallcontinuetobeprisonersofwar,butshallreceivethesametreatment
ascorrespondingmedicalpersonnelretainedbytheDetainingPower.Theyshallbeexemptedfrom
anyotherworkunderArticle49.
ChapterIV.MedicalPersonnelandChaplainsRetainedtoAssistPrisonersofWar
Art33.MembersofthemedicalpersonnelandchaplainswhileretainedbytheDetainingPowerwith
aviewtoassistingprisonersofwar,shallnotbeconsideredasprisonersofwar.Theyshall,
however,receiveasaminimumthebenefitsandprotectionofthepresentConvention,andshall
alsobegrantedallfacilitiesnecessarytoprovideforthemedicalcareof,andreligiousministration
toprisonersofwar.
Theyshallcontinuetoexercisetheirmedicalandspiritualfunctionsforthebenefitofprisonersof
war,preferablythosebelongingtothearmedforcesuponwhichtheydepend,withinthescopeof
themilitarylawsandregulationsoftheDetainingPowerandunderthecontrolofitscompetent
services,inaccordancewiththeirprofessionaletiquette.Theyshallalsobenefitbythefollowing
facilitiesintheexerciseoftheirmedical
orspiritualfunctions:
(a)Theyshallbeauthorizedtovisitperiodicallyprisonersofwarsituatedinworkingdetachmentsor
inhospitalsoutsidethecamp.Forthispurpose,theDetainingPowershallplaceattheirdisposalthe
necessarymeansoftransport.
(b)Theseniormedicalofficerineachcampshallberesponsibletothecampmilitaryauthoritiesfor
everythingconnectedwiththeactivitiesofretainedmedicalpersonnel.Forthispurpose,Partiesto
theconflictshallagreeattheoutbreakofhostilitiesonthesubjectofthecorrespondingranksofthe
medicalpersonnel,includingthatofsocietiesmentionedinArticle26oftheGenevaConventionfor
theAmeliorationoftheConditionoftheWoundedandSickinArmedForcesintheFieldofAugust
12,1949.Thisseniormedicalofficer,aswellaschaplains,shallhavetherighttodealwiththe
competentauthoritiesofthecamponallquestionsrelatingtotheirduties.Suchauthoritiesshall
affordthemallnecessaryfacilitiesforcorrespondencerelatingtothesequestions.
(c)Althoughtheyshallbesubjecttotheinternaldisciplineofthecampinwhichtheyareretained,
suchpersonnelmaynotbecompelledtocarryoutanyworkotherthanthatconcernedwiththeir
medicalorreligiousduties.
Duringhostilities,thePartiestotheconflictshallagreeconcerningthepossiblereliefofretained
personnelandshallsettletheproceduretobefollowed.
NoneoftheprecedingprovisionsshallrelievetheDetainingPowerofitsobligationswithregardto
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prisonersofwarfromthemedicalorspiritualpointofview.
ChapterV.Religious,IntellectualandPhysicalActivities
Art34.Prisonersofwarshallenjoycompletelatitudeintheexerciseoftheirreligiousduties,
includingattendanceattheserviceoftheirfaith,onconditionthattheycomplywiththedisciplinary
routineprescribedbythemilitaryauthorities.
Adequatepremisesshallbeprovidedwherereligiousservicesmaybeheld.
Art35.ChaplainswhofallintothehandsoftheenemyPowerandwhoremainorareretainedwitha
viewtoassistingprisonersofwar,shallbeallowedtoministertothemandtoexercisefreelytheir
ministryamongstprisonersofwarofthesamereligion,inaccordancewiththeirreligious
conscience.Theyshallbeallocatedamongthevariouscampsandlabourdetachmentscontaining
prisonersofwarbelongingtothesameforces,speakingthesamelanguageorpractisingthesame
religion.Theyshallenjoythenecessaryfacilities,includingthemeansoftransportprovidedforin
Article33,forvisitingtheprisonersofwaroutsidetheircamp.Theyshallbefreetocorrespond,
subjecttocensorship,onmattersconcerningtheirreligiousdutieswiththeecclesiasticalauthorities
inthecountryofdetentionandwithinternationalreligiousorganizations.Lettersandcardswhich
theymaysendforthispurposeshallbeinadditiontothequotaprovidedforinArticle71.
Art36.Prisonersofwarwhoareministersofreligion,withouthavingofficiatedaschaplainstotheir
ownforces,shallbeatliberty,whatevertheirdenomination,toministerfreelytothemembersoftheir
community.Forthispurpose,theyshallreceivethesametreatmentasthechaplainsretainedbythe
DetainingPower.Theyshallnotbeobligedtodoanyotherwork.
Art37.Whenprisonersofwarhavenottheassistanceofaretainedchaplainorofaprisonerofwar
ministeroftheirfaith,aministerbelongingtotheprisoners'orasimilardenomination,orinhis
absenceaqualifiedlayman,ifsuchacourseisfeasiblefromaconfessionalpointofview,shallbe
appointed,attherequestoftheprisonersconcerned,tofillthisoffice.Thisappointment,subjectto
theapprovaloftheDetainingPower,shalltakeplacewiththeagreementofthecommunityof
prisonersconcernedand,wherevernecessary,withtheapprovalofthelocalreligiousauthoritiesof
thesamefaith.Thepersonthusappointedshallcomplywithallregulationsestablishedbythe
DetainingPowerintheinterestsofdisciplineandmilitarysecurity.
Art38.Whilerespectingtheindividualpreferencesofeveryprisoner,theDetainingPowershall
encouragethepracticeofintellectual,educational,andrecreationalpursuits,sportsandgames
amongstprisoners,andshalltakethemeasuresnecessarytoensuretheexercisethereofby
providingthemwithadequatepremisesandnecessaryequipment.
Prisonersshallhaveopportunitiesfortakingphysicalexercise,includingsportsandgames,andfor
beingoutofdoors.Sufficientopenspacesshallbeprovidedforthispurposeinallcamps.
ChapterVI.Discipline
Art39.Everyprisonerofwarcampshallbeputundertheimmediateauthorityofaresponsible
commissionedofficerbelongingtotheregulararmedforcesoftheDetainingPower.Suchofficer
shallhaveinhispossessionacopyofthepresentConventionheshallensurethatitsprovisions
areknowntothecampstaffandtheguardandshallberesponsible,underthedirectionofhis
government,foritsapplication.
Prisonersofwar,withtheexceptionofofficers,mustsaluteandshowtoallofficersoftheDetaining
Powertheexternalmarksofrespectprovidedforbytheregulationsapplyingintheirownforces.
OfficerprisonersofwarareboundtosaluteonlyofficersofahigherrankoftheDetainingPower
theymust,however,salutethecampcommanderregardlessofhisrank.
Art40.Thewearingofbadgesofrankandnationality,aswellasofdecorations,shallbepermitted.
Art41.IneverycampthetextofthepresentConventionanditsAnnexesandthecontentsofany
specialagreementprovidedforinArticle6,shallbeposted,intheprisoners'ownlanguage,in
placeswhereallmayreadthem.Copiesshallbesupplied,onrequest,totheprisonerswhocannot
haveaccesstothecopywhichhasbeenposted.
Regulations,orders,noticesandpublicationsofeverykindrelatingtotheconductofprisonersof
warshallbeissuedtotheminalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.Suchregulations,ordersand
publicationsshallbepostedinthemannerdescribedaboveandcopiesshallbehandedtothe
prisoners'representative.Everyorderandcommandaddressedtoprisonersofwarindividually
mustlikewisebegiveninalanguagewhichtheyunderstand.
Art42.Theuseofweaponsagainstprisonersofwar,especiallyagainstthosewhoareescapingor
attemptingtoescape,shallconstituteanextrememeasure,whichshallalwaysbeprecededby
warningsappropriatetothecircumstances.
ChapterVII.RankofPrisonersofWar
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Art43.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,thePartiestotheconflictshallcommunicatetooneanother
thetitlesandranksofallthepersonsmentionedinArticle4ofthepresentConvention,inorderto
ensureequalityoftreatmentbetweenprisonersofequivalentrank.Titlesandrankswhichare
subsequentlycreatedshallformthesubjectofsimilarcommunications.
TheDetainingPowershallrecognizepromotionsinrankwhichhavebeenaccordedtoprisonersof
warandwhichhavebeendulynotifiedbythePoweronwhichtheseprisonersdepend.
Art44.Officersandprisonersofequivalentstatusshallbetreatedwiththeregardduetotheirrank
andage.
Inordertoensureserviceinofficers'camps,otherranksofthesamearmedforceswho,asfaras
possible,speakthesamelanguage,shallbeassignedinsufficientnumbers,accountbeingtakenof
therankofofficersandprisonersofequivalentstatus.Suchorderliesshallnotberequiredto
performanyotherwork.
Supervisionofthemessbytheofficersthemselvesshallbefacilitatedineveryway.
Art45.Prisonersofwarotherthanofficersandprisonersofequivalentstatusshallbetreatedwith
theregardduetotheirrankandage.
Supervisionofthemessbytheprisonersthemselvesshallbefacilitatedineveryway.
ChapterVIII.TransferofPrisonersofWaraftertheirArrivalinCamp
Art46.TheDetainingPower,whendecidinguponthetransferofprisonersofwar,shalltakeinto
accounttheinterestsoftheprisonersthemselves,moreespeciallysoasnottoincreasethedifficulty
oftheirrepatriation.
Thetransferofprisonersofwarshallalwaysbeeffectedhumanelyandinconditionsnotless
favourablethanthoseunderwhichtheforcesoftheDetainingPoweraretransferred.Accountshall
alwaysbetakenoftheclimaticconditionstowhichtheprisonersofwarareaccustomedandthe
conditionsoftransfershallinnocasebeprejudicialtotheirhealth.
TheDetainingPowershallsupplyprisonersofwarduringtransferwithsufficientfoodanddrinking
watertokeepthemingoodhealth,likewisewiththenecessaryclothing,shelterandmedical
attention.TheDetainingPowershalltakeadequateprecautionsespeciallyincaseoftransportby
seaorbyair,toensuretheirsafetyduringtransfer,andshalldrawupacompletelistofall
transferredprisonersbeforetheirdeparture.
Art47.Sickorwoundedprisonersofwarshallnotbetransferredaslongastheirrecoverymaybe
endangeredbythejourney,unlesstheirsafetyimperativelydemandsit.
Ifthecombatzonedrawsclosertoacamp,theprisonersofwarinthesaidcampshallnotbe
transferredunlesstheirtransfercanbecarriedoutinadequateconditionsofsafety,orunlessthey
areexposedtogreaterrisksbyremainingonthespotthanbybeingtransferred.
Art48.Intheeventoftransfer,prisonersofwarshallbeofficiallyadvisedoftheirdepartureandof
theirnewpostaladdress.Suchnotificationsshallbegivenintimeforthemtopacktheirluggageand
informtheirnextofkin.
Theyshallbeallowedtotakewiththemtheirpersonaleffects,andthecorrespondenceandparcels
whichhavearrivedforthem.Theweightofsuchbaggagemaybelimited,iftheconditionsoftransfer
sorequire,towhateachprisonercanreasonablycarry,whichshallinnocasebemorethantwenty
fivekilogramsperhead.
Mailandparcelsaddressedtotheirformercampshallbeforwardedtothemwithoutdelay.The
campcommandershalltake,inagreementwiththeprisoners'representative,anymeasuresneeded
toensurethetransportoftheprisoners'communitypropertyandoftheluggagetheyareunableto
takewiththeminconsequenceofrestrictionsimposedbyvirtueofthesecondparagraphofthis
Article.
ThecostsoftransfersshallbebornebytheDetainingPower.
SectionIII.LabourofPrisonersofWar
Art49.TheDetainingPowermayutilizethelabourofprisonersofwarwhoarephysicallyfit,taking
intoaccounttheirage,sex,rankandphysicalaptitude,andwithaviewparticularlytomaintaining
theminagoodstateofphysicalandmentalhealth.
Noncommissionedofficerswhoareprisonersofwarshallonlyberequiredtodosupervisorywork.
Thosenotsorequiredmayaskforothersuitableworkwhichshall,sofaraspossible,befoundfor
them.
Ifofficersorpersonsofequivalentstatusaskforsuitablework,itshallbefoundforthem,sofaras
possible,buttheymayinnocircumstancesbecompelledtowork.
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Art50.Besidesworkconnectedwithcampadministration,installationormaintenance,prisonersof
warmaybecompelledtodoonlysuchworkasisincludedinthefollowingclasses:
(a)agriculture
(b)industriesconnectedwiththeproductionortheextractionofrawmaterials,andmanufacturing
industries,withtheexceptionofmetallurgical,machineryandchemicalindustriespublicworksand
buildingoperationswhichhavenomilitarycharacterorpurpose
(c)transportandhandlingofstoreswhicharenotmilitaryincharacterorpurpose
(d)commercialbusiness,andartsandcrafts
(e)domesticservice
(f)publicutilityserviceshavingnomilitarycharacterorpurpose.
Shouldtheaboveprovisionsbeinfringed,prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtoexercisetheirrightof
complaint,inconformitywithArticle78.
Art51.Prisonersofwarmustbegrantedsuitableworkingconditions,especiallyasregards
accommodation,food,clothingandequipmentsuchconditionsshallnotbeinferiortothose
enjoyedbynationalsoftheDetainingPoweremployedinsimilarworkaccountshallalsobetaken
ofclimaticconditions.
TheDetainingPower,inutilizingthelabourofprisonersofwar,shallensurethatinareasinwhich
suchprisonersareemployed,thenationallegislationconcerningtheprotectionoflabour,and,more
particularly,theregulationsforthesafetyofworkers,aredulyapplied.
Prisonersofwarshallreceivetrainingandbeprovidedwiththemeansofprotectionsuitabletothe
worktheywillhavetodoandsimilartothoseaccordedtothenationalsoftheDetainingPower.
SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle52,prisonersmaybesubmittedtothenormalrisksrunbythese
civilianworkers.
Conditionsoflabourshallinnocaseberenderedmorearduousbydisciplinarymeasures.
Art52.Unlesshebeavolunteer,noprisonerofwarmaybeemployedonlabourwhichisofan
unhealthyordangerousnature.
Noprisonerofwarshallbeassignedtolabourwhichwouldbelookeduponashumiliatingfora
memberoftheDetainingPower'sownforces.
Theremovalofminesorsimilardevicesshallbeconsideredasdangerouslabour.
Art53.Thedurationofthedailylabourofprisonersofwar,includingthetimeofthejourneytoand
fro,shallnotbeexcessive,andmustinnocaseexceedthatpermittedforcivilianworkersinthe
district,whoarenationalsoftheDetainingPowerandemployedonthesamework.
Prisonersofwarmustbeallowed,inthemiddleoftheday'swork,arestofnotlessthanonehour.
ThisrestwillbethesameasthattowhichworkersoftheDetainingPowerareentitled,ifthelatteris
oflongerduration.Theyshallbeallowedinadditionarestoftwentyfourconsecutivehoursevery
week,preferablyonSundayorthedayofrestintheircountryoforigin.Furthermore,everyprisoner
whohasworkedforoneyearshallbegrantedarestofeightconsecutivedays,duringwhichhis
workingpayshallbepaidhim.
Ifmethodsoflaboursuchaspieceworkareemployed,thelengthoftheworkingperiodshallnotbe
renderedexcessivethereby.
Art54.Theworkingpayduetoprisonersofwarshallbefixedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof
Article62ofthepresentConvention.
Prisonersofwarwhosustainaccidentsinconnectionwithwork,orwhocontractadiseaseinthe
course,orinconsequenceoftheirwork,shallreceiveallthecaretheirconditionmayrequire.The
DetainingPowershallfurthermoredelivertosuchprisonersofwaramedicalcertificateenabling
themtosubmittheirclaimstothePoweronwhichtheydepend,andshallsendaduplicatetothe
CentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123.
Art55.Thefitnessofprisonersofwarforworkshallbeperiodicallyverifiedbymedicalexaminations
atleastonceamonth.Theexaminationsshallhaveparticularregardtothenatureoftheworkwhich
prisonersofwararerequiredtodo.
Ifanyprisonerofwarconsidershimselfincapableofworking,heshallbepermittedtoappearbefore
themedicalauthoritiesofhiscamp.Physiciansorsurgeonsmayrecommendthattheprisonerswho
are,intheiropinion,unfitforwork,beexemptedtherefrom.
Art56.Theorganizationandadministrationoflabourdetachmentsshallbesimilartothoseof
prisonerofwarcamps.
Everylabourdetachmentshallremainunderthecontrolofandadministrativelypartofaprisonerof
warcamp.Themilitaryauthoritiesandthecommanderofthesaidcampshallberesponsible,under
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thedirectionoftheirgovernment,fortheobservanceoftheprovisionsofthepresentConventionin
labourdetachments.
Thecampcommandershallkeepanuptodaterecordofthelabourdetachmentsdependentonhis
camp,andshallcommunicateittothedelegatesoftheProtectingPower,oftheInternational
CommitteeoftheRedCross,orofotheragenciesgivingrelieftoprisonersofwar,whomayvisitthe
camp.
Art57.Thetreatmentofprisonersofwarwhoworkforprivatepersons,evenifthelatterare
responsibleforguardingandprotectingthem,shallnotbeinferiortothatwhichisprovidedforbythe
presentConvention.TheDetainingPower,themilitaryauthoritiesandthecommanderofthecamp
towhichsuchprisonersbelongshallbeentirelyresponsibleforthemaintenance,care,treatment,
andpaymentoftheworkingpayofsuchprisonersofwar.
Suchprisonersofwarshallhavetherighttoremainincommunicationwiththeprisoners'
representativesinthecampsonwhichtheydepend.
SectionIV.FinancialResourcesofPrisonersofWar
Art58.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,andpendinganarrangementonthismatterwiththe
ProtectingPower,theDetainingPowermaydeterminethemaximumamountofmoneyincashorin
anysimilarform,thatprisonersmayhaveintheirpossession.Anyamountinexcess,whichwas
properlyintheirpossessionandwhichhasbeentakenorwithheldfromthem,shallbeplacedto
theiraccount,togetherwithanymoniesdepositedbythem,andshallnotbeconvertedintoany
othercurrencywithouttheirconsent.
Ifprisonersofwararepermittedtopurchaseservicesorcommoditiesoutsidethecampagainst
paymentincash,suchpaymentsshallbemadebytheprisonerhimselforbythecamp
administrationwhowillchargethemtotheaccountsoftheprisonersconcerned.TheDetaining
Powerwillestablishthenecessaryrulesinthisrespect.
Art59.Cashwhichwastakenfromprisonersofwar,inaccordancewithArticle18,atthetimeoftheir
capture,andwhichisinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,shallbeplacedtotheirseparate
accounts,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle64ofthepresentSection.
Theamounts,inthecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,duetotheconversionofsumsinother
currenciesthataretakenfromtheprisonersofwaratthesametime,shallalsobecreditedtotheir
separateaccounts.
Art60.TheDetainingPowershallgrantallprisonersofwaramonthlyadvanceofpay,theamountof
whichshallbefixedbyconversion,intothecurrency
ofthesaidPower,ofthefollowingamounts:
CategoryI:Prisonersrankingbelowsergeants:eightSwissfrancs.
CategoryII:Sergeantsandothernoncommissionedofficers,orprisonersofequivalentrank:twelve
Swissfrancs.
CategoryIII:Warrantofficersandcommissionedofficersbelowtherankofmajororprisonersof
equivalentrank:fiftySwissfrancs.
CategoryIV:Majors,lieutenantcolonels,colonelsorprisonersofequivalentrank:sixtySwiss
francs.
CategoryV:Generalofficersorprisonersofwarofequivalentrank:seventyfiveSwissfrancs.
However,thePartiestotheconflictconcernedmaybyspecialagreementmodifytheamountof
advancesofpayduetoprisonersoftheprecedingcategories.
Furthermore,iftheamountsindicatedinthefirstparagraphabovewouldbeundulyhighcompared
withthepayoftheDetainingPower'sarmedforcesorwould,foranyreason,seriouslyembarrass
theDetainingPower,then,pendingtheconclusionofaspecialagreementwiththePoweronwhich
theprisonersdependtovarytheamountsindicatedabove,theDetainingPower:
(a)shallcontinuetocredittheaccountsoftheprisonerswiththeamountsindicatedinthefirst
paragraphabove
(b)maytemporarilylimittheamountmadeavailablefromtheseadvancesofpaytoprisonersofwar
fortheirownuse,tosumswhicharereasonable,butwhich,forCategoryI,shallneverbeinferiorto
theamountthattheDetainingPowergivestothemembersofitsownarmedforces.
ThereasonsforanylimitationswillbegivenwithoutdelaytotheProtectingPower.
Art61.TheDetainingPowershallacceptfordistributionassupplementarypaytoprisonersofwar
sumswhichthePoweronwhichtheprisonersdependmayforwardtothem,onconditionthatthe
sumstobepaidshallbethesameforeachprisonerofthesamecategory,shallbepayabletoall
prisonersofthatcategorydependingonthatPower,andshallbeplacedintheirseparateaccounts,
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attheearliestopportunity,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle64.Suchsupplementarypay
shallnotrelievetheDetainingPowerofanyobligationunderthisConvention.
Art62.Prisonersofwarshallbepaidafairworkingrateofpaybythedetainingauthoritiesdirect.
Therateshallbefixedbythesaidauthorities,butshallatnotimebelessthanonefourthofone
Swissfrancforafullworkingday.TheDetainingPowershallinformprisonersofwar,aswellasthe
Poweronwhichtheydepend,throughtheintermediaryoftheProtectingPower,oftherateofdaily
workingpaythatithasfixed.
Workingpayshalllikewisebepaidbythedetainingauthoritiestoprisonersofwarpermanently
detailedtodutiesortoaskilledorsemiskilledoccupationinconnectionwiththeadministration,
installationormaintenanceofcamps,andtotheprisonerswhoarerequiredtocarryoutspiritualor
medicaldutiesonbehalfoftheircomrades.
Theworkingpayoftheprisoners'representative,ofhisadvisers,ifany,andofhisassistants,shall
bepaidoutofthefundmaintainedbycanteenprofits.Thescaleofthisworkingpayshallbefixedby
theprisoners'representativeandapprovedbythecampcommander.Ifthereisnosuchfund,the
detainingauthoritiesshallpaytheseprisonersafairworkingrateofpay.
Atr63.Prisonersofwarshallbepermittedtoreceiveremittancesofmoneyaddressedtothem
individuallyorcollectively.
Everyprisonerofwarshallhaveathisdisposalthecreditbalanceofhisaccountasprovidedforin
thefollowingArticle,withinthelimitsfixedbytheDetainingPower,whichshallmakesuchpayments
asarerequested.SubjecttofinancialormonetaryrestrictionswhichtheDetainingPowerregardsas
essential,prisonersofwarmayalsohavepaymentsmadeabroad.Inthiscasepaymentsaddressed
byprisonersofwartodependentsshallbegivenpriority.
Inanyevent,andsubjecttotheconsentofthePoweronwhichtheydepend,prisonersmayhave
paymentsmadeintheirowncountry,asfollows:theDetainingPowershallsendtotheaforesaid
PowerthroughtheProtectingPower,anotificationgivingallthenecessaryparticularsconcerning
theprisonersofwar,thebeneficiariesofthepayments,andtheamountofthesumstobepaid,
expressedintheDetainingPower'scurrency.Thesaidnotificationshallbesignedbytheprisoners
andcountersignedbythecampcommander.TheDetainingPowershalldebittheprisoners'account
byacorrespondingamountthesumsthusdebitedshallbeplacedbyittothecreditofthePoweron
whichtheprisonersdepend.
Toapplytheforegoingprovisions,theDetainingPowermayusefullyconsulttheModelRegulations
inAnnexVofthepresentConvention.
Art.64TheDetainingPowershallholdanaccountforeachprisonerofwar,showingatleastthe
following:
(1)Theamountsduetotheprisonerorreceivedbyhimasadvancesofpay,asworkingpayor
derivedfromanyothersourcethesumsinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPowerwhichweretaken
fromhimthesumstakenfromhimandconvertedathisrequestintothecurrencyofthesaidPower.
(2)Thepaymentsmadetotheprisonerincash,orinanyothersimilarformthepaymentsmadeon
hisbehalfandathisrequestthesumstransferredunderArticle63,thirdparagraph.
Art65.Everyitementeredintheaccountofaprisonerofwarshallbecountersignedorinitialledby
him,orbytheprisoners'representativeactingonhisbehalf.
Prisonersofwarshallatalltimesbeaffordedreasonablefacilitiesforconsultingandobtaining
copiesoftheiraccounts,whichmaylikewisebeinspectedbytherepresentativesoftheProtecting
Powersatthetimeofvisitstothecamp.
Whenprisonersofwararetransferredfromonecamptoanother,theirpersonalaccountswillfollow
them.IncaseoftransferfromoneDetainingPowertoanother,themonieswhicharetheirproperty
andarenotinthecurrencyoftheDetainingPowerwillfollowthem.Theyshallbegivencertificates
foranyothermoniesstandingtothecreditoftheiraccounts.
ThePartiestotheconflictconcernedmayagreetonotifytoeachotheratspecificintervalsthrough
theProtectingPower,theamountoftheaccountsoftheprisonersofwar.
Art66.Ontheterminationofcaptivity,throughthereleaseofaprisonerofwarorhisrepatriation,the
DetainingPowershallgivehimastatement,signedbyanauthorizedofficerofthatPower,showing
thecreditbalancethenduetohim.TheDetainingPowershallalsosendthroughtheProtecting
Powertothegovernmentuponwhichtheprisonerofwardepends,listsgivingallappropriate
particularsofallprisonersofwarwhosecaptivityhasbeenterminatedbyrepatriation,release,
escape,deathoranyothermeans,andshowingtheamountoftheircreditbalances.Suchlistsshall
becertifiedoneachsheetbyanauthorizedrepresentativeoftheDetainingPower.
AnyoftheaboveprovisionsofthisArticlemaybevariedbymutualagreementbetweenanytwo
Partiestotheconflict.
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ThePoweronwhichtheprisonerofwardependsshallberesponsibleforsettlingwithhimany
creditbalanceduetohimfromtheDetainingPowerontheterminationofhiscaptivity.
Art67.Advancesofpay,issuedtoprisonersofwarinconformitywithArticle60,shallbeconsidered
asmadeonbehalfofthePoweronwhichtheydepend.Suchadvancesofpay,aswellasall
paymentsmadebythesaidPowerunderArticle63,thirdparagraph,andArticle68,shallformthe
subjectofarrangementsbetweenthePowersconcerned,atthecloseofhostilities.
Art68.Anyclaimbyaprisonerofwarforcompensationinrespectofanyinjuryorotherdisability
arisingoutofworkshallbereferredtothePoweronwhichhedepends,throughtheProtecting
Power.InaccordancewithArticle54,theDetainingPowerwill,inallcases,providetheprisonerof
warconcernedwithastatementshowingthenatureoftheinjuryordisability,thecircumstancesin
whichitaroseandparticularsofmedicalorhospitaltreatmentgivenforit.Thisstatementwillbe
signedbyaresponsibleofficeroftheDetainingPowerandthemedicalparticularscertifiedbya
medicalofficer.
Anyclaimbyaprisonerofwarforcompensationinrespectofpersonaleffectsmoniesorvaluables
impoundedbytheDetainingPowerunderArticle18andnotforthcomingonhisrepatriation,orin
respectoflossallegedtobeduetothefaultoftheDetainingPoweroranyofitsservants,shall
likewisebereferredtothePoweronwhichhedepends.Nevertheless,anysuchpersonaleffects
requiredforusebytheprisonersofwarwhilstincaptivityshallbereplacedattheexpenseofthe
DetainingPower.TheDetainingPowerwill,inallcases,providetheprisonerofwarwitha
statement,signedbyaresponsibleofficer,showingallavailableinformationregardingthereasons
whysucheffects,moniesorvaluableshavenotbeenrestoredtohim.Acopyofthisstatementwill
beforwardedtothePoweronwhichhedependsthroughtheCentralPrisonersofWarAgency
providedforinArticle123.
SectionV.RelationsofPrisonersofWarWiththeExterior
Art69.Immediatelyuponprisonersofwarfallingintoitspower,theDetainingPowershallinform
themandthePowersonwhichtheydepend,throughtheProtectingPower,ofthemeasurestakento
carryouttheprovisionsofthepresentSection.Theyshalllikewiseinformthepartiesconcernedof
anysubsequentmodificationsofsuchmeasures.
Art70.Immediatelyuponcapture,ornotmorethanoneweekafterarrivalatacamp,evenifitisa
transitcamp,likewiseincaseofsicknessortransfertohospitalortoanothercamp,everyprisonerof
warshallbeenabledtowritedirecttohisfamily,ontheonehand,andtotheCentralPrisonersof
WarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123,ontheotherhand,acardsimilar,ifpossible,tothemodel
annexedtothepresentConvention,informinghisrelativesofhiscapture,addressandstateof
health.Thesaidcardsshallbeforwardedasrapidlyaspossibleandmaynotbedelayedinany
manner.
Art71.Prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtosendandreceivelettersandcards.IftheDetaining
Powerdeemsitnecessarytolimitthenumberoflettersandcardssentbyeachprisonerofwar,the
saidnumbershallnotbelessthantwolettersandfourcardsmonthly,exclusiveofthecapturecards
providedforinArticle70,andconformingascloselyaspossibletothemodelsannexedtothe
presentConvention.FurtherlimitationsmaybeimposedonlyiftheProtectingPowerissatisfiedthat
itwouldbeintheinterestsoftheprisonersofwarconcernedtodosoowingtodifficultiesof
translationcausedbytheDetainingPower'sinabilitytofindsufficientqualifiedlinguiststocarryout
thenecessarycensorship.Iflimitationsmustbeplacedonthecorrespondenceaddressedto
prisonersofwar,theymaybeorderedonlybythePoweronwhichtheprisonersdepend,possiblyat
therequestoftheDetainingPower.Suchlettersandcardsmustbeconveyedbythemostrapid
methodatthedisposaloftheDetainingPowertheymaynotbedelayedorretainedfor
disciplinaryreasons.
Prisonersofwarwhohavebeenwithoutnewsforalongperiod,orwhoareunabletoreceivenews
fromtheirnextofkinortogivethemnewsbytheordinarypostalroute,aswellasthosewhoareata
greatdistancefromtheirhomes,shallbepermittedtosendtelegrams,thefeesbeingcharged
againsttheprisonersofwar'saccountswiththeDetainingPowerorpaidinthecurrencyattheir
disposal.Theyshalllikewisebenefitbythismeasureincasesofurgency.
Asageneralrule,thecorrespondenceofprisonersofwarshallbewrittenintheirnativelanguage.
ThePartiestotheconflictmayallowcorrespondenceinotherlanguages.
Sackscontainingprisonerofwarmailmustbesecurelysealedandlabelledsoasclearlytoindicate
theircontents,andmustbeaddressedtoofficesofdestination.
Art72.Prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtoreceivebypostorbyanyothermeansindividualparcels
orcollectiveshipmentscontaining,inparticular,foodstuffs,clothing,medicalsuppliesandarticlesof
areligious,educationalorrecreationalcharacterwhichmaymeettheirneeds,includingbooks,
devotionalarticles,scientificequipment,examinationpapers,musicalinstruments,sportsoutfitsand
materialsallowingprisonersofwartopursuetheirstudiesortheirculturalactivities.
SuchshipmentsshallinnowayfreetheDetainingPowerfromtheobligationsimposeduponitby
virtueofthepresentConvention.
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TheonlylimitswhichmaybeplacedontheseshipmentsshallbethoseproposedbytheProtecting
Powerintheinterestoftheprisonersthemselves,orbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRed
Crossoranyotherorganizationgivingassistancetotheprisoners,inrespectoftheirownshipments
only,onaccountofexceptionalstrainontransportorcommunications.
Theconditionsforthesendingofindividualparcelsandcollectivereliefshall,ifnecessary,bethe
subjectofspecialagreementsbetweenthePowersconcerned,whichmayinnocasedelaythe
receiptbytheprisonersofreliefsupplies.Booksmaynotbeincludedinparcelsofclothingand
foodstuffs.Medicalsuppliesshall,asarule,besentincollectiveparcels.
Art73.IntheabsenceofspecialagreementsbetweenthePowersconcernedontheconditionsfor
thereceiptanddistributionofcollectivereliefshipments,therulesandregulationsconcerning
collectiveshipments,whichareannexedtothepresentConvention,shallbeapplied.
Thespecialagreementsreferredtoaboveshallinnocaserestricttherightofprisoners'
representativestotakepossessionofcollectivereliefshipmentsintendedforprisonersofwar,to
proceedtotheirdistributionortodisposeofthemintheinterestoftheprisoners.
NorshallsuchagreementsrestricttherightofrepresentativesoftheProtectingPower,the
InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherorganizationgivingassistancetoprisonersof
warandresponsiblefortheforwardingofcollectiveshipments,tosupervisetheirdistributiontothe
recipients.
Art74.Allreliefshipmentsforprisonersofwarshallbeexemptfromimport,customsandotherdues.
Correspondence,reliefshipmentsandauthorizedremittancesofmoneyaddressedtoprisonersof
warordespatchedbythemthroughthepostoffice,eitherdirectorthroughtheInformationBureaux
providedforinArticle122andtheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123,shall
beexemptfromanypostaldues,bothinthecountriesoforiginanddestination,andinintermediate
countries.
Ifreliefshipmentsintendedforprisonersofwarcannotbesentthroughthepostofficebyreasonof
weightorforanyothercause,thecostoftransportationshallbebornebytheDetainingPowerinall
theterritoriesunderitscontrol.TheotherPowerspartytotheConventionshallbearthecostof
transportintheirrespectiveterritories.IntheabsenceofspecialagreementsbetweentheParties
concerned,thecostsconnectedwithtransportofsuchshipments,otherthancostscoveredbythe
aboveexemption,shallbechargedtothesenders.
TheHighContractingPartiesshallendeavourtoreduce,sofaraspossible,therateschargedfor
telegramssentbyprisonersofwar,oraddressedtothem.
Art75.ShouldmilitaryoperationspreventthePowersconcernedfromfulfillingtheirobligationto
assurethetransportoftheshipmentsreferredtoinArticles70,71,72and77,theProtectingPowers
concerned,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherorganizationdulyapproved
bythePartiestotheconflictmayundertaketoensuretheconveyanceofsuchshipmentsbysuitable
means(railwaywagons,motorvehicles,vesselsoraircraft,etc.).Forthispurpose,theHigh
ContractingPartiesshallendeavourtosupplythemwithsuchtransportandtoallowitscirculation,
especiallybygrantingthenecessarysafeconducts.
Suchtransportmayalsobeusedtoconvey:
(a)correspondence,listsandreportsexchangedbetweentheCentralInformationAgencyreferred
toinArticle123andtheNationalBureauxreferredtoinArticle122
(b)correspondenceandreportsrelatingtoprisonersofwarwhichtheProtectingPowers,the
InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossoranyotherbodyassistingtheprisoners,exchangeeither
withtheirowndelegatesorwiththePartiestotheconflict.
TheseprovisionsinnowaydetractfromtherightofanyPartytotheconflicttoarrangeothermeans
oftransport,ifitshouldsoprefer,norprecludethegrantingofsafeconducts,undermutuallyagreed
conditions,tosuchmeansoftransport.
Intheabsenceofspecialagreements,thecostsoccasionedbytheuseofsuchmeansoftransport
shallbeborneproportionallybythePartiestotheconflictwhosenationalsarebenefitedthereby.
Art76.Thecensoringofcorrespondenceaddressedtoprisonersofwarordespatchedbythemshall
bedoneasquicklyaspossible.MailshallbecensoredonlybythedespatchingStateandthe
receivingState,andonceonlybyeach.
Theexaminationofconsignmentsintendedforprisonersofwarshallnotbecarriedoutunder
conditionsthatwillexposethegoodscontainedinthemtodeteriorationexceptinthecaseofwritten
orprintedmatter,itshallbedoneinthepresenceoftheaddressee,orofafellowprisonerduly
delegatedbyhim.Thedeliverytoprisonersofindividualorcollectiveconsignmentsshallnotbe
delayedunderthepretextofdifficultiesofcensorship.
AnyprohibitionofcorrespondenceorderedbyPartiestotheconflict,eitherformilitaryorpolitical
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reasons,shallbeonlytemporaryanditsdurationshallbeasshortaspossible.
Art77.TheDetainingPowersshallprovideallfacilitiesforthetransmission,throughtheProtecting
PowerortheCentralPrisonersofWarAgencyprovidedforinArticle123ofinstruments,papersor
documentsintendedforprisonersofwarordespatchedbythem,especiallypowersofattorneyand
wills.
Inallcasestheyshallfacilitatethepreparationandexecutionofsuchdocumentsonbehalfof
prisonersofwarinparticular,theyshallallowthemtoconsultalawyerandshalltakewhat
measuresarenecessaryfortheauthenticationoftheirsignatures.
SectionVI.RelationsBetweenPrisonersofWarandtheAuthorities
ChapterI.ComplaintsofPrisonersofWarRespectingtheConditionsofCaptivity
Art78Prisonersofwarshallhavetherighttomakeknowntothemilitaryauthoritiesinwhosepower
theyare,theirrequestsregardingtheconditionsofcaptivitytowhichtheyaresubjected.
TheyshallalsohavetheunrestrictedrighttoapplytotherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowers
eitherthroughtheirprisoners'representativeor,iftheyconsideritnecessary,direct,inordertodraw
theirattentiontoanypointsonwhichtheymayhavecomplaintstomakeregardingtheirconditions
ofcaptivity.
Theserequestsandcomplaintsshallnotbelimitednorconsideredtobeapartofthe
correspondencequotareferredtoinArticle71.Theymustbetransmittedimmediately.Evenifthey
arerecognizedtobeunfounded,theymaynotgiverisetoanypunishment.
Prisoners'representativesmaysendperiodicreportsonthesituationinthecampsandtheneedsof
theprisonersofwartotherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowers.
ChapterII.PrisonerofWarRepresentatives
Art79.IInallplaceswherethereareprisonersofwar,exceptinthosewherethereareofficers,the
prisonersshallfreelyelectbysecretballot,everysixmonths,andalsoincaseofvacancies,
prisoners'representativesentrustedwithrepresentingthembeforethemilitaryauthorities,the
ProtectingPowers,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossandanyotherorganizationwhich
mayassistthem.Theseprisoners'representativesshallbeeligibleforreelection.
Incampsforofficersandpersonsofequivalentstatusorinmixedcamps,theseniorofficeramong
theprisonersofwarshallberecognizedasthecampprisoners'representative.Incampsforofficers,
heshallbeassistedbyoneormoreadviserschosenbytheofficersinmixedcamps,hisassistants
shallbechosenfromamongtheprisonersofwarwhoarenotofficersandshallbeelectedbythem.
Officerprisonersofwarofthesamenationalityshallbestationedinlabourcampsforprisonersof
war,forthepurposeofcarryingoutthecampadministrationdutiesforwhichtheprisonersofwarare
responsible.Theseofficersmaybeelectedasprisoners'representativesunderthefirstparagraphof
thisArticle.Insuchacasetheassistantstotheprisoners'representativesshallbechosenfrom
amongthoseprisonersofwarwhoarenotofficers.
EveryrepresentativeelectedmustbeapprovedbytheDetainingPowerbeforehehastherightto
commencehisduties.WheretheDetainingPowerrefusestoapproveaprisonerofwarelectedby
hisfellowprisonersofwar,itmustinformtheProtectingPowerofthereasonforsuchrefusal.
Inallcasestheprisoners'representativemusthavethesamenationality,languageandcustomsas
theprisonersofwarwhomherepresents.Thus,prisonersofwardistributedindifferentsectionsofa
camp,accordingtotheirnationality,languageorcustoms,shallhaveforeachsectiontheirown
prisoners'representative,inaccordancewiththeforegoingparagraphs.
Art80.Prisoners'representativesshallfurtherthephysical,spiritualandintellectualwellbeingof
prisonersofwar.
Inparticular,wheretheprisonersdecidetoorganizeamongstthemselvesasystemofmutual
assistance,thisorganizationwillbewithintheprovinceoftheprisoners'representative,inaddition
tothespecialdutiesentrustedtohimbyotherprovisionsofthepresentConvention.
Prisoners'representativesshallnotbeheldresponsible,simplybyreasonoftheirduties,forany
offencescommittedbyprisonersofwar.
Art81.Prisoners'representativesshallnotberequiredtoperformanyotherwork,ifthe
accomplishmentoftheirdutiesistherebymademoredifficult.
Prisoners'representativesmayappointfromamongsttheprisonerssuchassistantsastheymay
require.Allmaterialfacilitiesshallbegrantedthem,particularlyacertainfreedomofmovement
necessaryfortheaccomplishmentoftheirduties(inspectionoflabourdetachments,receiptof
supplies,etc.).
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Prisoners'representativesshallbepermittedtovisitpremiseswhereprisonersofwararedetained,
andeveryprisonerofwarshallhavetherighttoconsultfreelyhisprisoners'representative.
Allfacilitiesshalllikewisebeaccordedtotheprisoners'representativesforcommunicationbypost
andtelegraphwiththedetainingauthorities,theProtectingPowers,theInternationalCommitteeof
theRedCrossandtheirdelegates,theMixedMedicalCommissionsandthebodieswhichgive
assistancetoprisonersofwar.Prisoners'representativesoflabourdetachmentsshallenjoythe
samefacilitiesforcommunicationwiththeprisoners'representativesoftheprincipalcamp.Such
communicationsshallnotberestricted,norconsideredasformingapartofthequotamentionedin
Article71.
Prisoners'representativeswhoaretransferredshallbeallowedareasonabletimetoacquainttheir
successorswithcurrentaffairs.
Incaseofdismissal,thereasonsthereforshallbecommunicatedtotheProtectingPower.
ChapterIII.PenalandDisciplinarySanctions
I.GeneralProvisions
Art82.Aprisonerofwarshallbesubjecttothelaws,regulationsandordersinforceinthearmed
forcesoftheDetainingPowertheDetainingPowershallbejustifiedintakingjudicialordisciplinary
measuresinrespectofanyoffencecommittedbyaprisonerofwaragainstsuchlaws,regulationsor
orders.However,noproceedingsorpunishmentscontrarytotheprovisionsofthisChaptershallbe
allowed.
Ifanylaw,regulationororderoftheDetainingPowershalldeclareactscommittedbyaprisonerof
wartobepunishable,whereasthesameactswouldnotbepunishableifcommittedbyamemberof
theforcesoftheDetainingPower,suchactsshallentaildisciplinarypunishmentsonly.
Art83.Indecidingwhetherproceedingsinrespectofanoffenceallegedtohavebeencommittedby
aprisonerofwarshallbejudicialordisciplinary,theDetainingPowershallensurethatthe
competentauthoritiesexercisethegreatestleniencyandadopt,whereverpossible,disciplinary
ratherthanjudicialmeasures.
Art84.Aprisonerofwarshallbetriedonlybyamilitarycourt,unlesstheexistinglawsofthe
DetainingPowerexpresslypermitthecivilcourtstotryamemberofthearmedforcesofthe
DetainingPowerinrespectoftheparticularoffenceallegedtohavebeencommittedbytheprisoner
ofwar.
Innocircumstanceswhatevershallaprisonerofwarbetriedbyacourtofanykindwhichdoesnot
offertheessentialguaranteesofindependenceandimpartialityasgenerallyrecognized,and,in
particular,theprocedureofwhichdoesnotaffordtheaccusedtherightsandmeansofdefence
Art85.PrisonersofwarprosecutedunderthelawsoftheDetainingPowerforactscommittedprior
tocaptureshallretain,evenifconvicted,thebenefitsofthepresentConvention.
Art86.Noprisonerofwarmaybepunishedmorethanonceforthesameactoronthesamecharge.
Art87.PrisonersofwarmaynotbesentencedbythemilitaryauthoritiesandcourtsoftheDetaining
Powertoanypenaltiesexceptthoseprovidedforinrespectofmembersofthearmedforcesofthe
saidPowerwhohavecommittedthesameacts.
Whenfixingthepenalty,thecourtsorauthoritiesoftheDetainingPowershalltakeinto
consideration,tothewidestextentpossible,thefactthattheaccused,notbeinganationalofthe
DetainingPower,isnotboundtoitbyanydutyofallegiance,andthatheisinitspowerastheresult
ofcircumstancesindependentofhisownwill.Thesaidcourtsorauthoritiesshallbeatlibertyto
reducethepenaltyprovidedfortheviolationofwhichtheprisonerofwarisaccused,andshall
thereforenotbeboundtoapplytheminimumpenaltyprescribed.
Collectivepunishmentforindividualacts,corporalpunishment,imprisonmentinpremiseswithout
daylightand,ingeneral,anyformoftortureorcruelty,areforbidden.
NoprisonerofwarmaybedeprivedofhisrankbytheDetainingPower,orpreventedfromwearing
hisbadges.
Art88.Officers,noncommissionedofficersandmenwhoareprisonersofwarundergoinga
disciplinaryorjudicialpunishment,shallnotbesubjectedtomoreseveretreatmentthanthat
appliedinrespectofthesamepunishmenttomembersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower
ofequivalentrank.
Awomanprisonerofwarshallnotbeawardedorsentencedtoapunishmentmoresevere,or
treatedwhilstundergoingpunishmentmoreseverely,thanawomanmemberofthearmedforcesof
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theDetainingPowerdealtwithforasimilaroffence.
Innocasemayawomanprisonerofwarbeawardedorsentencedtoapunishmentmoresevere,or
treatedwhilstundergoingpunishmentmoreseverely,thanamalememberofthearmedforcesof
theDetainingPowerdealtwithforasimilaroffence.
Prisonersofwarwhohaveserveddisciplinaryorjudicialsentencesmaynotbetreateddifferently
fromotherprisonersofwar.
II.DisciplinarySanctions
Art89.Thedisciplinarypunishmentsapplicabletoprisonersofwararethefollowing:
(1)Afinewhichshallnotexceed50percentoftheadvancesofpayandworkingpaywhichthe
prisonerofwarwouldotherwisereceiveundertheprovisionsofArticles60and62duringaperiod
ofnotmorethanthirtydays.
(2)Discontinuanceofprivilegesgrantedoverandabovethetreatmentprovidedforbythepresent
Convention.
(3)Fatiguedutiesnotexceedingtwohoursdaily.
(4)Confinement.
Thepunishmentreferredtounder(3)shallnotbeappliedtoofficers.
Innocaseshalldisciplinarypunishmentsbeinhuman,brutalordangeroustothehealthofprisoners
ofwar.
Art90.Thedurationofanysinglepunishmentshallinnocaseexceedthirtydays.Anyperiodof
confinementawaitingthehearingofadisciplinaryoffenceortheawardofdisciplinarypunishment
shallbedeductedfromanawardpronouncedagainstaprisonerofwar.
Themaximumofthirtydaysprovidedabovemaynotbeexceeded,eveniftheprisonerofwaris
answerableforseveralactsatthesametimewhenheisawardedpunishment,whethersuchacts
arerelatedornot.
Theperiodbetweenthepronouncingofanawardofdisciplinarypunishmentanditsexecutionshall
notexceedonemonth.
Whenaprisonerofwarisawardedafurtherdisciplinarypunishment,aperiodofatleastthreedays
shallelapsebetweentheexecutionofanytwoofthepunishments,ifthedurationofoneoftheseis
tendaysormore.
Art91.Theescapeofaprisonerofwarshallbedeemedtohavesucceededwhen:
(1)hehasjoinedthearmedforcesofthePoweronwhichhedepends,orthoseofanalliedPower
(2)hehaslefttheterritoryunderthecontroloftheDetainingPower,orofanallyofthesaidPower
(3)hehasjoinedashipflyingtheflagofthePoweronwhichhedepends,orofanalliedPower,in
theterritorialwatersoftheDetainingPower,thesaidshipnotbeingunderthecontrolofthelast
namedPower.
PrisonersofwarwhohavemadegoodtheirescapeinthesenseofthisArticleandwhoare
recaptured,shallnotbeliabletoanypunishmentinrespectoftheirpreviousescape.
Art92.Aprisonerofwarwhoattemptstoescapeandisrecapturedbeforehavingmadegoodhis
escapeinthesenseofArticle91shallbeliableonlytoadisciplinarypunishmentinrespectofthis
act,evenifitisarepeatedoffence.
Aprisonerofwarwhoisrecapturedshallbehandedoverwithoutdelaytothecompetentmilitary
authority.
Article88,fourthparagraph,notwithstanding,prisonersofwarpunishedasaresultofan
unsuccessfulescapemaybesubjectedtospecialsurveillance.Suchsurveillancemustnotaffectthe
stateoftheirhealth,mustbeundergoneinaprisonerofwarcamp,andmustnotentailthe
suppressionofanyofthesafeguardsgrantedthembythepresentConvention.
Art93.Escapeorattempttoescape,evenifitisarepeatedoffence,shallnotbedeemedan
aggravatingcircumstanceiftheprisonerofwarissubjectedtotrialbyjudicialproceedingsin
respectofanoffencecommittedduringhisescapeorattempttoescape.
InconformitywiththeprinciplestatedinArticle83,offencescommittedbyprisonersofwarwiththe
soleintentionoffacilitatingtheirescapeandwhichdonotentailanyviolenceagainstlifeorlimb,
suchasoffencesagainstpublicproperty,theftwithoutintentionofselfenrichment,thedrawingupor
useoffalsepapers,orthewearingofcivilianclothing,shalloccasiondisciplinarypunishmentonly.
Prisonersofwarwhoaidorabetanescapeoranattempttoescapeshallbeliableonthiscountto
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disciplinarypunishmentonly.
Art94.Ifanescapedprisonerofwarisrecaptured,thePoweronwhichhedependsshallbenotified
thereofinthemannerdefinedinArticle122,providednotificationofhisescapehasbeenmade.
Art95.Aprisonerofwaraccusedofanoffenceagainstdisciplineshallnotbekeptinconfinement
pendingthehearingunlessamemberofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPowerwouldbesokept
ifhewereaccusedofasimilaroffence,orifitisessentialintheinterestsofcamporderand
discipline.
Anyperiodspentbyaprisonerofwarinconfinementawaitingthedisposalofanoffenceagainst
disciplineshallbereducedtoanabsoluteminimumandshallnotexceedfourteendays.
TheprovisionsofArticles97and98ofthisChaptershallapplytoprisonersofwarwhoarein
confinementawaitingthedisposalofoffencesagainstdiscipline.
Art96.Actswhichconstituteoffencesagainstdisciplineshallbeinvestigatedimmediately.
Withoutprejudicetothecompetenceofcourtsandsuperiormilitaryauthorities,disciplinary
punishmentmaybeorderedonlybyanofficerhavingdisciplinarypowersinhiscapacityascamp
commander,orbyaresponsibleofficerwhoreplaceshimortowhomhehasdelegatedhis
disciplinarypowers.
Innocasemaysuchpowersbedelegatedtoaprisonerofwarorbeexercisedbyaprisonerofwar.
Beforeanydisciplinaryawardispronounced,theaccusedshallbegivenpreciseinformation
regardingtheoffencesofwhichheisaccused,andgivenanopportunityofexplaininghisconduct
andofdefendinghimself.Heshallbepermitted,inparticular,tocallwitnessesandtohave
recourse,ifnecessary,totheservicesofaqualifiedinterpreter.Thedecisionshallbeannouncedto
theaccusedprisonerofwarandtotheprisoners'representative.
Arecordofdisciplinarypunishmentsshallbemaintainedbythecampcommanderandshallbe
opentoinspectionbyrepresentativesoftheProtectingPower.
Art97.Prisonersofwarshallnotinanycasebetransferredtopenitentiaryestablishments(prisons,
penitentiaries,convictprisons,etc.)toundergodisciplinarypunishmenttherein.
Allpremisesinwhichdisciplinarypunishmentsareundergoneshallconformtothesanitary
requirementssetforthinArticle25.Aprisonerofwarundergoingpunishmentshallbeenabledto
keephimselfinastateofcleanliness,inconformitywithArticle29.
Officersandpersonsofequivalentstatusshallnotbelodgedinthesamequartersasnon
commissionedofficersormen.
Womenprisonersofwarundergoingdisciplinarypunishmentshallbeconfinedinseparatequarters
frommaleprisonersofwarandshallbeundertheimmediatesupervisionofwomen.
Art98.Aprisonerofwarundergoingconfinementasadisciplinarypunishment,shallcontinueto
enjoythebenefitsof.theprovisionsofthisConventionexceptinsofarasthesearenecessarily
renderedinapplicablebythemerefactthatheisconfined.Innocasemayhebedeprivedofthe
benefitsoftheprovisionsofArticles78and126.
Aprisonerofwarawardeddisciplinarypunishmentmaynotbedeprivedoftheprerogatives
attachedtohisrank.
Prisonersofwarawardeddisciplinarypunishmentshallbeallowedtoexerciseandtostayinthe
openairatleasttwohoursdaily.
Theyshallbeallowed,ontheirrequest,tobepresentatthedailymedicalinspections.Theyshall
receivetheattentionwhichtheirstateofhealthrequiresand,ifnecessary,shallberemovedtothe
campinfirmaryortoahospital.
Theyshallhavepermissiontoreadandwrite,likewisetosendandreceiveletters.Parcelsand
remittancesofmoneyhowever,maybewithheldfromthemuntilthecompletionofthepunishment
theyshallmeanwhilebeentrustedtotheprisoners'representative,whowillhandovertothe
infirmarytheperishablegoodscontainedinsuchparcels.
III.JuridicialProceedings
Art99.Noprisonerofwarmaybetriedorsentencedforanactwhichisnotforbiddenbythelawof
theDetainingPowerorbyinternationallaw,inforceatthetimethesaidactwascommitted.
Nomoralorphysicalcoercionmaybeexertedonaprisonerofwarinordertoinducehimtoadmit
himselfguiltyoftheactofwhichheisaccused.
Noprisonerofwarmaybeconvictedwithouthavinghadanopportunitytopresenthisdefenceand
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theassistanceofaqualifiedadvocateorcounsel.
Art100.PrisonersofwarandtheProtectingPowersshallbeinformedassoonaspossibleofthe
offenceswhicharepunishablebythedeathsentenceunderthelawsoftheDetainingPower.
Otheroffencesshallnotthereafterbemadepunishablebythedeathpenaltywithoutthe
concurrenceofthePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardepend.
Thedeathsentencecannotbepronouncedonaprisonerofwarunlesstheattentionofthecourt
has,inaccordancewithArticle87,secondparagraph,beenparticularlycalledtothefactthatsince
theaccusedisnotanationaloftheDetainingPower,heisnotboundtoitbyanydutyofallegiance,
andthatheisinitspowerastheresultofcircumstancesindependentofhisownwill.
Art101.Ifthedeathpenaltyispronouncedonaprisonerofwar,thesentenceshallnotbeexecuted
beforetheexpirationofaperiodofatleastsixmonthsfromthedatewhentheProtectingPower
receives,atanindicatedaddress,thedetailedcommunicationprovidedforinArticle107.
Art102.Aprisonerofwarcanbevalidlysentencedonlyifthesentencehasbeenpronouncedby
thesamecourtsaccordingtothesameprocedureasinthecaseofmembersofthearmedforcesof
theDetainingPower,andif,furthermore,theprovisionsofthepresentChapterhavebeenobserved.
Art103.Judicialinvestigationsrelatingtoaprisonerofwarshallbeconductedasrapidlyas
circumstancespermitandsothathistrialshalltakeplaceassoonaspossible.Aprisonerofwar
shallnotbeconfinedwhileawaitingtrialunlessamemberofthearmedforcesoftheDetaining
Powerwouldbesoconfinedifhewereaccusedofasimilaroffence,orifitisessentialtodosoin
theinterestsofnationalsecurity.Innocircumstancesshallthisconfinementexceedthreemonths.
Anyperiodspentbyaprisonerofwarinconfinementawaitingtrialshallbedeductedfromany
sentenceofimprisonmentpasseduponhimandtakenintoaccountinfixinganypenalty.
TheprovisionsofArticles97and98ofthisChaptershallapplytoaprisonerofwarwhilstin
confinementawaitingtrial.
Art104.InanycaseinwhichtheDetainingPowerhasdecidedtoinstitutejudicialproceedings
againstaprisonerofwar,itshallnotifytheProtectingPowerassoonaspossibleandatleastthree
weeksbeforetheopeningofthetrial.Thisperiodofthreeweeksshallrunasfromthedayonwhich
suchnotificationreachestheProtectingPowerattheaddresspreviouslyindicatedbythelatterto
theDetainingPower.
Thesaidnotificationshallcontainthefollowinginformation:
(1)Surnameandfirstnamesoftheprisonerofwar,hisrank,hisarmy,regimental,personalorserial
number,hisdateofbirth,andhisprofessionortrade,ifany
(2)Placeofinternmentorconfinement
(3)Specificationofthechargeorchargesonwhichtheprisonerofwaristobearraigned,givingthe
legalprovisionsapplicable
(4)Designationofthecourtwhichwilltrythecase,likewisethedateandplacefixedfortheopening
ofthetrial.
ThesamecommunicationshallbemadebytheDetainingPowertotheprisoners'representative.
Ifnoevidenceissubmitted,attheopeningofatrial,thatthenotificationreferredtoabovewas
receivedbytheProtectingPower,bytheprisonerofwarandbytheprisoners'representative
concerned,atleastthreeweeksbeforetheopeningofthetrial,thenthelattercannottakeplaceand
mustbeadjourned.
Art105.Theprisonerofwarshallbeentitledtoassistancebyoneofhisprisonercomrades,to
defencebyaqualifiedadvocateorcounselofhisownchoice,tothecallingofwitnessesand,ifhe
deemsnecessary,totheservicesofacompetentinterpreter.Heshallbeadvisedoftheserightsby
theDetainingPowerinduetimebeforethetrial.
Failingachoicebytheprisonerofwar,theProtectingPowershallfindhimanadvocateorcounsel,
andshallhaveatleastoneweekatitsdisposalforthepurpose.TheDetainingPowershalldeliver
tothesaidPower,onrequest,alistofpersonsqualifiedtopresentthedefence.Failingachoiceof
anadvocateorcounselbytheprisonerofwarortheProtectingPower,theDetainingPowershall
appointacompetentadvocateorcounseltoconductthedefence.
Theadvocateorcounselconductingthedefenceonbehalfoftheprisonerofwarshallhaveathis
disposalaperiodoftwoweeksatleastbeforetheopeningofthetrial,aswellasthenecessary
facilitiestopreparethedefenceoftheaccused.Hemay,inparticular,freelyvisittheaccusedand
interviewhiminprivate.Hemayalsoconferwithanywitnessesforthedefence,includingprisoners
ofwar.Heshallhavethebenefitofthesefacilitiesuntilthetermofappealorpetitionhasexpired.
Particularsofthechargeorchargesonwhichtheprisonerofwaristobearraigned,aswellasthe
documentswhicharegenerallycommunicatedtotheaccusedbyvirtueofthelawsinforceinthe
armedforcesoftheDetainingPower,shallbecommunicatedtotheaccusedprisonerofwarina
languagewhichheunderstands,andingoodtimebeforetheopeningofthetrial.Thesame
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communicationinthesamecircumstancesshallbemadetotheadvocateorcounselconductingthe
defenceonbehalfoftheprisonerofwar.
TherepresentativesoftheProtectingPowershallbeentitledtoattendthetrialofthecase,unless,
exceptionally,thisisheldincameraintheinterestofStatesecurity.InsuchacasetheDetaining
PowershalladvisetheProtectingPoweraccordingly.
Art106.Everyprisonerofwarshallhave,inthesamemannerasthemembersofthearmedforces
oftheDetainingPower,therightofappealorpetitionfromanysentencepronounceduponhim,with
aviewtothequashingorrevisingofthesentenceorthereopeningofthetrial.Heshallbefully
informedofhisrighttoappealorpetitionandofthetimelimitwithinwhichhemaydoso.
Art107.Anyjudgmentandsentencepronounceduponaprisonerofwarshallbeimmediately
reportedtotheProtectingPowerintheformofasummarycommunication,whichshallalsoindicate
whetherhehastherightofappealwithaviewtothequashingofthesentenceorthereopeningof
thetrial.Thiscommunicationshalllikewisebesenttotheprisoners'representativeconcerned.It
shallalsobesenttotheaccusedprisonerofwarinalanguageheunderstands,ifthesentencewas
notpronouncedinhispresence.TheDetainingPowershallalsoimmediatelycommunicatetothe
ProtectingPowerthedecisionoftheprisonerofwartouseortowaivehisrightofappeal.
Furthermore,ifaprisonerofwarisfinallyconvictedorifasentencepronouncedonaprisonerofwar
inthefirstinstanceisadeathsentence,theDetainingPowershallassoonaspossibleaddressto
theProtectingPoweradetailedcommunicationcontaining:
(1)theprecisewordingofthefindingandsentence
(2)asummarizedreportofanypreliminaryinvestigationandofthetrial,emphasizinginparticular
theelementsoftheprosecutionandthedefence
(3)notification,whereapplicable,oftheestablishmentwherethesentencewillbeserved.
ThecommunicationsprovidedforintheforegoingsubparagraphsshallbesenttotheProtecting
PowerattheaddresspreviouslymadeknowntotheDetainingPower.
Art108.Sentencespronouncedonprisonersofwarafteraconvictionhasbecomedulyenforceable,
shallbeservedinthesameestablishmentsandunderthesameconditionsasinthecaseof
membersofthearmedforcesoftheDetainingPower.Theseconditionsshallinallcasesconformto
therequirementsofhealthandhumanity.
Awomanprisonerofwaronwhomsuchasentencehasbeenpronouncedshallbeconfinedin
separatequartersandshallbeunderthesupervisionofwomen.
Inanycase,prisonersofwarsentencedtoapenaltydeprivingthemoftheirlibertyshallretainthe
benefitoftheprovisionsofArticles78and126ofthepresentConvention.Furthermore,theyshallbe
entitledtoreceiveanddespatchcorrespondence,toreceiveatleastonereliefparcelmonthly,to
takeregularexerciseintheopenair,tohavethemedicalcarerequiredbytheirstateofhealth,and
thespiritualassistancetheymaydesire.Penaltiestowhichtheymaybesubjectedshallbein
accordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle87,thirdparagraph.
PartIV.TerminationofCaptivity
SectionI.DirectRepatriationandAccommodationinNeutralCountries
Art109.SubjecttotheprovisionsofthethirdparagraphofthisArticle,Partiestotheconflictare
boundtosendbacktotheirowncountry,regardlessofnumberorrank,seriouslywoundedand
seriouslysickprisonersofwar,afterhavingcaredforthemuntiltheyarefittotravel,inaccordance
withthefirstparagraphofthefollowingArticle.
Throughoutthedurationofhostilities,Partiestotheconflictshallendeavour,withthecooperationof
theneutralPowersconcerned,tomakearrangementsfortheaccommodationinneutralcountriesof
thesickandwoundedprisonersofwarreferredtointhesecondparagraphofthefollowingArticle.
Theymay,inaddition,concludeagreementswithaviewtothedirectrepatriationorinternmentina
neutralcountryofablebodiedprisonersofwarwhohaveundergonealongperiodofcaptivity.
Nosickorinjuredprisonerofwarwhoiseligibleforrepatriationunderthefirstparagraphofthis
Article,mayberepatriatedagainsthiswillduringhostilities.
Art110.Thefollowingshallberepatriateddirect:
(1)Incurablywoundedandsickwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohavebeengravely
diminished.
(2)Woundedandsickwho,accordingtomedicalopinion,arenotlikelytorecoverwithinoneyear,
whoseconditionrequirestreatmentandwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohavebeen
gravelydiminished.
(3)Woundedandsickwhohaverecovered,butwhosementalorphysicalfitnessseemstohave
beengravelyandpermanentlydiminished.
Thefollowingmaybeaccommodatedinaneutralcountry:
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(1)Woundedandsickwhoserecoverymaybeexpectedwithinoneyearofthedateofthewoundor
thebeginningoftheillness,iftreatmentinaneutralcountrymightincreasetheprospectsofamore
certainandspeedyrecovery.
(2)Prisonersofwarwhosementalorphysicalhealth,accordingtomedicalopinion,isseriously
threatenedbycontinuedcaptivity,butwhoseaccommodationinaneutralcountrymightremove
suchathreat.
Theconditionswhichprisonersofwaraccommodatedinaneutralcountrymustfulfilinorderto
permittheirrepatriationshallbefixed,asshalllikewisetheirstatus,byagreementbetweenthe
Powersconcerned.Ingeneral,prisonersofwarwhohavebeenaccommodatedinaneutralcountry,
andwhobelongtothefollowingcategories,shouldberepatriated:
(1)Thosewhosestateofhealthhasdeterioratedsoastofulfiltheconditionlaiddownfordirect
repatriation
(2)Thosewhosementalorphysicalpowersremain,evenaftertreatment,considerablyimpaired.
IfnospecialagreementsareconcludedbetweenthePartiestotheconflictconcerned,todetermine
thecasesofdisablementorsicknessentailingdirectrepatriationoraccommodationinaneutral
country,suchcasesshallbesettledinaccordancewiththeprincipleslaiddownintheModel
Agreementconcerningdirectrepatriationandaccommodationinneutralcountriesofwoundedand
sickprisonersofwarandintheRegulationsconcerningMixedMedicalCommissionsannexedto
thepresentConvention.
Art111.TheDetainingPower,thePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardepend,andaneutral
PoweragreeduponbythesetwoPowers,shallendeavourtoconcludeagreementswhichwill
enableprisonersofwartobeinternedintheterritoryofthesaidneutralPoweruntilthecloseof
hostilities.
Art112.Upontheoutbreakofhostilities,MixedMedicalCommissionsshallbeappointedto
examinesickandwoundedprisonersofwar,andtomakeallappropriatedecisionsregardingthem.
Theappointment,dutiesandfunctioningoftheseCommissionsshallbeinconformitywiththe
provisionsoftheRegulationsannexedtothepresentConvention.
However,prisonersofwarwho,intheopinionofthemedicalauthoritiesoftheDetainingPower,are
manifestlyseriouslyinjuredorseriouslysick,mayberepatriatedwithouthavingtobeexaminedbya
MixedMedicalCommission.
Art113.BesidesthosewhoaredesignatedbythemedicalauthoritiesoftheDetainingPower,
woundedorsickprisonersofwarbelongingtothecategorieslistedbelowshallbeentitledto
presentthemselvesforexaminationbytheMixedMedicalCommissionsprovidedforinthe
foregoingArticle:
(1)Woundedandsickproposedbyaphysicianorsurgeonwhoisofthesamenationality,ora
nationalofaPartytotheconflictalliedwiththePoweronwhichthesaidprisonersdepend,andwho
exerciseshisfunctionsinthecamp.
(2)Woundedandsickproposedbytheirprisoners'representative.
(3)WoundedandsickproposedbythePoweronwhichtheydepend,orbyanorganizationduly
recognizedbythesaidPowerandgivingassistancetotheprisoners.
Prisonersofwarwhodonotbelongtooneofthethreeforegoingcategoriesmaynevertheless
presentthemselvesforexaminationbyMixedMedicalCommissions,butshallbeexaminedonly
afterthosebelongingtothesaidcategories.
Thephysicianorsurgeonofthesamenationalityastheprisonerswhopresentthemselvesfor
examinationbytheMixedMedicalCommission,likewisetheprisoners'representativeofthesaid
prisoners,shallhavepermissiontobepresentattheexamination.
Art114.Prisonersofwarwhomeetwithaccidentsshall,unlesstheinjuryisselfinflicted,havethe
benefitoftheprovisionsofthisConventionasregardsrepatriationoraccommodationinaneutral
country.
Art115.Noprisonerofwaronwhomadisciplinarypunishmenthasbeenimposedandwhois
eligibleforrepatriationorforaccommodationinaneutralcountry,maybekeptbackonthepleathat
hehasnotundergonehispunishment.
Prisonersofwardetainedinconnectionwithajudicialprosecutionorconviction,andwhoare
designatedforrepatriationoraccommodationinaneutralcountry,maybenefitbysuchmeasures
beforetheendoftheproceedingsorthecompletionofthepunishment,iftheDetainingPower
consents.
Partiestotheconflictshallcommunicatetoeachotherthenamesofthosewhowillbedetaineduntil
theendoftheproceedingsorthecompletionofthepunishment.
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Art116.Thecostofrepatriatingprisonersofwaroroftransportingthemtoaneutralcountryshallbe
borne,fromthefrontiersoftheDetainingPower,bythePoweronwhichthesaidprisonersdepend.
Art117.Norepatriatedpersonmaybeemployedonactivemilitaryservice.
SectionII.ReleaseandRepatriationofPrisonersofWarattheCloseofHostilities
Art118.Prisonersofwarshallbereleasedandrepatriatedwithoutdelayafterthecessationofactive
hostilities.
IntheabsenceofstipulationstotheaboveeffectinanyagreementconcludedbetweentheParties
totheconflictwithaviewtothecessationofhostilities,orfailinganysuchagreement,eachofthe
DetainingPowersshallitselfestablishandexecutewithoutdelayaplanofrepatriationinconformity
withtheprinciplelaiddownintheforegoingparagraph.
Ineithercase,themeasuresadoptedshallbebroughttotheknowledgeoftheprisonersofwar.
Thecostsofrepatriationofprisonersofwarshallinallcasesbeequitablyapportionedbetweenthe
DetainingPowerandthePoweronwhichtheprisonersdepend.Thisapportionmentshallbe
carriedoutonthefollowingbasis:
(a)IfthetwoPowersarecontiguous,thePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardependshallbearthe
costsofrepatriationfromthefrontiersoftheDetainingPower.
(b)IfthetwoPowersarenotcontiguous,theDetainingPowershallbearthecostsoftransportof
prisonersofwaroveritsownterritoryasfarasitsfrontieroritsportofembarkationnearesttothe
territoryofthePoweronwhichtheprisonersofwardepend.ThePartiesconcernedshallagree
betweenthemselvesastotheequitableapportionmentoftheremainingcostsoftherepatriation.
Theconclusionofthisagreementshallinnocircumstancesjustifyanydelayintherepatriationofthe
prisonersofwar.
Art119.RepatriationshallbeeffectedinconditionssimilartothoselaiddowninArticles46to48
inclusiveofthepresentConventionforthetransferofprisonersofwar,havingregardtothe
provisionsofArticle118andtothoseofthefollowingparagraphs.
Onrepatriation,anyarticlesofvalueimpoundedfromprisonersofwarunderArticle18,andany
foreigncurrencywhichhasnotbeenconvertedintothecurrencyoftheDetainingPower,shallbe
restoredtothem.Articlesofvalueandforeigncurrencywhich,foranyreasonwhatever,arenot
restoredtoprisonersofwaronrepatriation,shallbedespatchedtotheInformationBureausetup
underArticle122.
Prisonersofwarshallbeallowedtotakewiththemtheirpersonaleffects,andanycorrespondence
andparcelswhichhavearrivedforthem.Theweightofsuchbaggagemaybelimited,ifthe
conditionsofrepatriationsorequire,towhateachprisonercanreasonablycarry.Eachprisoner
shallinallcasesbeauthorizedtocarryatleasttwentyfivekilograms.
TheotherpersonaleffectsoftherepatriatedprisonershallbeleftinthechargeoftheDetaining
Powerwhichshallhavethemforwardedtohimassoonasithasconcludedanagreementtothis
effect,regulatingtheconditionsoftransportandthepaymentofthecostsinvolved,withthePower
onwhichtheprisonerdepends.
Prisonersofwaragainstwhomcriminalproceedingsforanindictableoffencearependingmaybe
detaineduntiltheendofsuchproceedings,and,ifnecessary,untilthecompletionofthe
punishment.Thesameshallapplytoprisonersofwaralreadyconvictedforanindictableoffence.
Partiestotheconflictshallcommunicatetoeachotherthenamesofanyprisonersofwarwhoare
detaineduntiltheendoftheproceedingsoruntilpunishmenthasbeencompleted.
ByagreementbetweenthePartiestotheconflict,commissionsshallbeestablishedforthepurpose
ofsearchingfordispersedprisonersofwarandofassuringtheirrepatriationwiththeleastpossible
delay.
SectionIII.DeathofPrisonersofWar
Art120.Willsofprisonersofwarshallbedrawnupsoastosatisfytheconditionsofvalidityrequired
bythelegislationoftheircountryoforigin,whichwilltakestepstoinformtheDetainingPowerofits
requirementsinthisrespect.Attherequestoftheprisonerofwarand,inallcases,afterdeath,the
willshallbetransmittedwithoutdelaytotheProtectingPoweracertifiedcopyshallbesenttothe
CentralAgency.
Deathcertificates,intheformannexedtothepresentConvention,orlistscertifiedbyaresponsible
officer,ofallpersonswhodieasprisonersofwarshallbeforwardedasrapidlyaspossibletothe
PrisonerofWarInformationBureauestablishedinaccordancewithArticle122.Thedeath
certificatesorcertifiedlistsshallshowparticularsofidentityassetoutinthethirdparagraphof
Article17,andalsothedateandplaceofdeath,thecauseofdeath,thedateandplaceofburialand
allparticularsnecessarytoidentifythegraves.
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Theburialorcremationofaprisonerofwarshallbeprecededbyamedicalexaminationofthebody
withaviewtoconfirmingdeathandenablingareporttobemadeand,wherenecessary,
establishingidentity.
Thedetainingauthoritiesshallensurethatprisonersofwarwhohavediedincaptivityare
honourablyburied,ifpossibleaccordingtotheritesofthereligiontowhichtheybelonged,andthat
theirgravesarerespected,suitablymaintainedandmarkedsoastobefoundatanytime.Wherever
possible,deceasedprisonersofwarwhodependedonthesamePowershallbeinterredinthe
sameplace.
Deceasedprisonersofwarshallbeburiedinindividualgravesunlessunavoidablecircumstances
requiretheuseofcollectivegraves.Bodiesmaybecrematedonlyforimperativereasonsof
hygiene,onaccountofthereligionofthedeceasedorinaccordancewithhisexpresswishtothis
effect.Incaseofcremation,thefactshallbestatedandthereasonsgiveninthedeathcertificateof
thedeceased.
Inorderthatgravesmayalwaysbefound,allparticularsofburialsandgravesshallberecorded
withaGravesRegistrationServiceestablishedbytheDetainingPower.Listsofgravesand
particularsoftheprisonersofwarinterredincemeteriesandelsewhereshallbetransmittedtothe
Poweronwhichsuchprisonersofwardepended.Responsibilityforthecareofthesegravesandfor
recordsofanysubsequentmovesofthebodiesshallrestonthePowercontrollingtheterritory,ifa
PartytothepresentConvention.Theseprovisionsshallalsoapplytotheashes,whichshallbekept
bytheGravesRegistrationServiceuntilproperdisposalthereofinaccordancewiththewishesof
thehomecountry.
Art121.Everydeathorseriousinjuryofaprisonerofwarcausedorsuspectedtohavebeencaused
byasentry,anotherprisonerofwar,oranyotherperson,aswellasanydeaththecauseofwhichis
unknown,shallbeimmediatelyfollowedbyanofficialenquirybytheDetainingPower.
AcommunicationonthissubjectshallbesentimmediatelytotheProtectingPower.Statementsshall
betakenfromwitnesses,especiallyfromthosewhoareprisonersofwar,andareportincluding
suchstatementsshallbeforwardedtotheProtectingPower.
Iftheenquiryindicatestheguiltofoneormorepersons,theDetainingPowershalltakeall
measuresfortheprosecutionofthepersonorpersonsresponsible.
PARTV.InformationBureauxandReliefSocietiesforPrisonersofWar
Art122.Upontheoutbreakofaconflictandinallcasesofoccupation,eachofthePartiestothe
conflictshallinstituteanofficialInformationBureauforprisonersofwarwhoareinitspower.Neutral
ornonbelligerentPowerswhomayhavereceivedwithintheirterritorypersonsbelongingtooneof
thecategoriesreferredtoinArticle4,shalltakethesameactionwithrespecttosuchpersons.The
PowerconcernedshallensurethatthePrisonersofWarInformationBureauisprovidedwiththe
necessaryaccommodation,equipmentandstafftoensureitsefficientworking.Itshallbeatlibertyto
employprisonersofwarinsuchaBureauundertheconditionslaiddownintheSectionofthe
presentConventiondealingwithworkbyprisonersofwar.
Withintheshortestpossibleperiod,eachofthePartiestotheconflictshallgiveitsBureauthe
informationreferredtointhefourth,fifthandsixthparagraphsofthisArticleregardinganyenemy
personbelongingtooneofthecategoriesreferredtoinArticle4,whohasfallenintoitspower.
NeutralornonbelligerentPowersshalltakethesameactionwithregardtopersonsbelongingto
suchcategorieswhomtheyhavereceivedwithintheirterritory.
TheBureaushallimmediatelyforwardsuchinformationbythemostrapidmeanstothePowers
concerned,throughtheintermediaryoftheProtectingPowersandlikewiseoftheCentralAgency
Thisinformationshallmakeitpossiblequicklytoadvisethenextofkinconcerned.Subjecttothe
provisionsofArticle17,theinformationshallinclude,insofarasavailabletotheInformation
Bureau,inrespectofeachprisonerofwar,hissurname,firstnames,rank,army,regimental,
personalorserialnumber,placeandfulldateofbirth,indicationofthePoweronwhichhedepends,
firstnameofthefatherandmaidennameofthemother,nameandaddressofthepersontobe
informedandtheaddresstowhichcorrespondencefortheprisonermaybesent.
TheInformationBureaushallreceivefromthevariousdepartmentsconcernedinformation
regardingtransfers,releases,repatriations,escapes,admissionstohospital,anddeaths,andshall
transmitsuchinformationinthemannerdescribedinthethirdparagraphabove.
Likewise,informationregardingthestateofhealthofprisonersofwarwhoareseriouslyillor
seriouslywoundedshallbesuppliedregularly,everyweekifpossible.
TheInformationBureaushallalsoberesponsibleforreplyingtoallenquiriessenttoitconcerning
prisonersofwar,includingthosewhohavediedincaptivityitwillmakeanyenquiriesnecessaryto
obtaintheinformationwhichisaskedforifthisisnotinitspossession.
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AllwrittencommunicationsmadebytheBureaushallbeauthenticatedbyasignatureoraseal.
TheInformationBureaushallfurthermorebechargedwithcollectingallpersonalvaluables,
includingsumsincurrenciesotherthanthatoftheDetainingPoweranddocumentsofimportanceto
thenextofkin,leftbyprisonersofwarwhohavebeenrepatriatedorreleased,orwhohaveescaped
ordied,andshallforwardthesaidvaluablestothePowersconcerned.Sucharticlesshallbesent
bytheBureauinsealedpacketswhichshallbeaccompaniedbystatementsgivingclearandfull
particularsoftheidentityofthepersontowhomthearticlesbelonged,andbyacompletelistofthe
contentsoftheparcel.Otherpersonaleffectsofsuchprisonersofwarshallbetransmittedunder
arrangementsagreeduponbetweenthePartiestotheconflictconcerned.
Art123.ACentralPrisonersofWarInformationAgencyshallbecreatedinaneutralcountry.The
InternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossshall,ifitdeemsnecessary,proposetothePowers
concernedtheorganizationofsuchanAgency.
ThefunctionoftheAgencyshallbetocollectalltheinformationitmayobtainthroughofficialor
privatechannelsrespectingprisonersofwar,andtotransmititasrapidlyaspossibletothecountry
oforiginoftheprisonersofwarortothePoweronwhichtheydepend.Itshallreceivefromthe
Partiestotheconflictallfacilitiesforeffectingsuchtransmissions.
TheHighContractingParties,andinparticularthosewhosenationalsbenefitbytheservicesofthe
CentralAgency,arerequestedtogivethesaidAgencythefinancialaiditmayrequire.
Theforegoingprovisionsshallinnowaybeinterpretedasrestrictingthehumanitarianactivitiesof
theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,orofthereliefsocietiesprovidedforinArticle125.
Art124.ThenationalInformationBureauxandtheCentralInformationAgencyshallenjoyfree
postageformail,likewisealltheexemptionsprovidedforinArticle74,andfurther,sofaras
possible,exemptionfromtelegraphicchargesor,atleast,greatlyreducedrates.
Art125.SubjecttothemeasureswhichtheDetainingPowersmayconsideressentialtoensuretheir
securityortomeetanyotherreasonableneed,therepresentativesofreligiousorganizations,relief
societies,oranyotherorganizationassistingprisonersofwar,shallreceivefromthesaidPowers,
forthemselvesandtheirdulyaccreditedagents,allnecessaryfacilitiesforvisitingtheprisoners,for
distributingreliefsuppliesandmaterial,fromanysource,intendedforreligious,educationalor
recreativepurposes,andforassistingtheminorganizingtheirleisuretimewithinthecamps.Such
societiesororganizationsmaybeconstitutedintheterritoryoftheDetainingPowerorinanyother
country,ortheymayhaveaninternationalcharacter.
TheDetainingPowermaylimitthenumberofsocietiesandorganizationswhosedelegatesare
allowedtocarryouttheiractivitiesinitsterritoryandunderitssupervision,oncondition,however,
thatsuchlimitationshallnothindertheeffectiveoperationofadequaterelieftoallprisonersofwar.
ThespecialpositionoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossinthisfieldshallberecognized
andrespectedatalltimes.
Assoonasreliefsuppliesormaterialintendedfortheabovementionedpurposesarehandedover
toprisonersofwar,orveryshortlyafterwards,receiptsforeachconsignment,signedbythe
prisoners'representative,shallbeforwardedtothereliefsocietyororganizationmakingthe
shipment.Atthesametime,receiptsfortheseconsignmentsshallbesuppliedbytheadministrative
authoritiesresponsibleforguardingtheprisoners.
PartVI.ExecutionoftheConvention
SectionI.GeneralProvisions
Art126.RepresentativesordelegatesoftheProtectingPowersshallhavepermissiontogotoall
placeswhereprisonersofwarmaybe,particularlytoplacesofinternment,imprisonmentand
labour,andshallhaveaccesstoallpremisesoccupiedbyprisonersofwartheyshallalsobe
allowedtogototheplacesofdeparture,passageandarrivalofprisonerswhoarebeingtransferred.
Theyshallbeabletointerviewtheprisoners,andinparticulartheprisoners'representatives,without
witnesses,eitherpersonallyorthroughaninterpreter.
RepresentativesanddelegatesoftheProtectingPowersshallhavefulllibertytoselecttheplaces
theywishtovisit.Thedurationandfrequencyofthesevisitsshallnotberestricted.Visitsmaynotbe
prohibitedexceptforreasonsofimperativemilitarynecessity,andthenonlyasanexceptionaland
temporarymeasure.
TheDetainingPowerandthePoweronwhichthesaidprisonersofwardependmayagree,if
necessary,thatcompatriotsoftheseprisonersofwarbepermittedtoparticipateinthevisits.
ThedelegatesoftheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossshallenjoythesameprerogatives.
TheappointmentofsuchdelegatesshallbesubmittedtotheapprovalofthePowerdetainingthe
prisonersofwartobevisited.
Art127.TheHighContractingPartiesundertake,intimeofpeaceasintimeofwar,todisseminate
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thetextofthepresentConventionaswidelyaspossibleintheirrespectivecountries,and,in
particular,toincludethestudythereofintheirprogrammesofmilitaryand,ifpossible,civil
instruction,sothattheprinciplesthereofmaybecomeknowntoalltheirarmedforcesandtothe
entirepopulation.
Anymilitaryorotherauthorities,whointimeofwarassumeresponsibilitiesinrespectofprisonersof
war,mustpossessthetextoftheConventionandbespeciallyinstructedastoitsprovisions.
Art128.TheHighContractingPartiesshallcommunicatetooneanotherthroughtheSwissFederal
Counciland,duringhostilities,throughtheProtectingPowers,theofficialtranslationsofthepresent
Convention,aswellasthelawsandregulationswhichtheymayadopttoensuretheapplication
thereof.
Art129.TheHighContractingPartiesundertaketoenactanylegislationnecessarytoprovide
effectivepenalsanctionsforpersonscommitting,ororderingtobecommitted,anyofthegrave
breachesofthepresentConventiondefinedinthefollowingArticle.
EachHighContractingPartyshallbeundertheobligationtosearchforpersonsallegedtohave
committed.ortohaveorderedtobecommitted,suchgravebreaches,andshallbringsuchpersons,
regardlessoftheirnationality,beforeitsowncourts.Itmayalso,ifitprefers,andinaccordancewith
theprovisionsofitsownlegislation,handsuchpersonsoverfortrialtoanotherHighContracting
Partyconcerned,providedsuchHighContractingPartyhasmadeoutaprimafaciecase.
EachHighContractingPartyshalltakemeasuresnecessaryforthesuppressionofallactscontrary
totheprovisionsofthepresentConventionotherthanthegravebreachesdefinedinthefollowing
Article.
Inallcircumstances,theaccusedpersonsshallbenefitbysafeguardsofpropertrialanddefence,
whichshallnotbelessfavourablethanthoseprovidedbyArticle105andthosefollowingofthe
presentConvention.
Art130.GravebreachestowhichtheprecedingArticlerelatesshallbethoseinvolvinganyofthe
followingacts,ifcommittedagainstpersonsorpropertyprotectedbytheConvention:wilfulkilling,
tortureorinhumantreatment,includingbiologicalexperiments,wilfullycausinggreatsufferingor
seriousinjurytobodyorhealth,compellingaprisonerofwartoserveintheforcesofthehostile
Power,orwilfullydeprivingaprisonerofwaroftherightsoffairandregulartrialprescribedinthis
Convention.
Art131.NoHighContractingPartyshallbeallowedtoabsolveitselforanyotherHighContracting
PartyofanyliabilityincurredbyitselforbyanotherHighContractingPartyinrespectofbreaches
referredtointheprecedingArticle.
Art132.AttherequestofaPartytotheconflict,anenquiryshallbeinstituted,inamannertobe
decidedbetweentheinterestedParties,concerninganyallegedviolationoftheConvention.
Ifagreementhasnotbeenreachedconcerningtheprocedurefortheenquiry,thePartiesshould
agreeonthechoiceofanumpirewhowilldecideupontheproceduretobefollowed.
Oncetheviolationhasbeenestablished,thePartiestotheconflictshallputanendtoitandshall
repressitwiththeleastpossibledelay.
SectionII.FinalProvisions
Art133.ThepresentConventionisestablishedinEnglishandinFrench.Bothtextsareequally
authentic.
TheSwissFederalCouncilshallarrangeforofficialtranslationsoftheConventiontobemadeinthe
RussianandSpanishlanguages.
Art134.ThepresentConventionreplacestheConventionofJuly27,1929,inrelationsbetweenthe
HighContractingParties.
Art135.IntherelationsbetweenthePowerswhichareboundbytheHagueConventionrespecting
theLawsandCustomsofWaronLand,whetherthatofJuly29,1899,orthatofOctober18,1907,
andwhicharepartiestothepresentConvention,thislastConventionshallbecomplementaryto
ChapterIIoftheRegulationsannexedtothabovementionedConventionsoftheHague.
Art136.ThepresentConvention,whichbearsthedateofthisday,isopentosignatureuntil
February12,1950,inthenameofthePowersrepresentedattheConferencewhichopenedat
GenevaonApril21,1949furthermore,byPowersnotrepresentedatthatConference,butwhich
arepartiestotheConventionofJuly27,1929.
Art137.ThepresentConventionshallberatifiedassoonaspossibleandtheratificationsshallbe
depositedatBerne.
Arecordshallbedrawnupofthedepositofeachinstrumentofratificationandcertifiedcopiesofthis
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recordshallbetransmittedbytheSwissFederalCounciltoallthePowersinwhosenamethe
Conventionhasbeensigned,orwhoseaccessionhasbeennotified.
Art138.ThepresentConventionshallcomeintoforcesixmonthsafternotlessthantwoinstruments
ofratificationhavebeendeposited.
Thereafter,itshallcomeintoforceforeachHighContractingPartysixmonthsafterthedepositofthe
instrumentofratification.
Art139.Fromthedateofitscomingintoforce,itshallbeopentoanyPowerinwhosenamethe
presentConventionhasnotbeensigned,toaccedetothisConvention.
Art140.AccessionsshallbenotifiedinwritingtotheSwissFederalCouncil,andshalltakeeffectsix
monthsafterthedateonwhichtheyarereceived.
TheSwissFederalCouncilshallcommunicatetheaccessionstoallthePowersinwhosenamethe
Conventionhasbeensigned,orwhoseaccessionhasbeennotified.
Art141.ThesituationsprovidedforinArticles2and3shallgiveimmediateeffecttoratifications
depositedandaccessionsnotifiedbythePartiestotheconflictbeforeorafterthebeginningof
hostilitiesoroccupation.TheSwissFederalCouncilshallcommunicatebythequickestmethodany
ratificationsoraccessionsreceivedfromPartiestotheconflict.
Art142.EachoftheHighContractingPartiesshallbeatlibertytodenouncethepresentConvention.
ThedenunciationshallbenotifiedinwritingtotheSwissFederalCouncil,whichshalltransmititto
theGovernmentsofalltheHighContractingParties.
ThedenunciationshalltakeeffectoneyearafterthenotificationthereofhasbeenmadetotheSwiss
FederalCouncil.However,adenunciationofwhichnotificationhasbeenmadeatatimewhenthe
denouncingPowerisinvolvedinaconflictshallnottakeeffectuntilpeacehasbeenconcluded,and
untilafteroperationsconnectedwithreleaseandrepatriationofthepersonsprotectedbythe
presentConventionhavebeenterminated.
ThedenunciationshallhaveeffectonlyinrespectofthedenouncingPower.Itshallinnowayimpair
theobligationswhichthePartiestotheconflictshallremainboundtofulfilbyvirtueoftheprinciples
ofthelawofnations,astheyresultfromtheusagesestablishedamongcivilizedpeoples,fromthe
lawsofhumanityandthedictatesofthepublicconscience.
Art143.TheSwissFederalCouncilshallregisterthepresentConventionwiththeSecretariatofthe
UnitedNations.TheSwissFederalCouncilshallalsoinformtheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsof
allratifications,accessionsanddenunciationsreceivedbyitwithrespecttothepresentConvention.
INWITNESSWHEREOFtheundersigned,havingdepositedtheirrespectivefullpowers,have
signedthepresentConvention.
DONEatGenevathistwelfthdayofAugust1949,intheEnglishandFrenchlanguages.Theoriginal
shallbedepositedintheArchivesoftheSwissConfederation.TheSwissFederalCouncilshall
transmitcertifiedcopiesthereoftoeachofthesignatoryandaccedingStates.
AnnexI.ModelAgreementConcerningDirectRepatriationandAccommodationinNeutral
CountriesofWoundedandSickPrisonersofWar.(seeArt110.)
I.PrinciplesforDirectRepatriationandAccommodationinNeutralCountries
A.DIRECTREPATRIATION
Thefollowingshallberepatriateddirect:
(1)Allprisonersofwarsufferingfromthefollowingdisabilitiesastheresultoftrauma:lossofalimb,
paralysis,articularorotherdisabilities,whenthisdisabilityisatleastthelossofahandorafoot,or
theequivalentofthelossofahandorafoot.
Withoutprejudicetoamoregenerousinterpretation,thefollowingshallbeconsideredasequivalent
tothelossofahandorafoot:
(a)Lossofahandorofallthefingers,orofthethumbandforefingerofonehandlossofafoot,orof
allthetoesandmetatarsalsofonefoot.
(b)Ankylosis,lossofosseoustissue,cicatricialcontracturepreventingthefunctioningofoneofthe
largearticulationsorofallthedigitaljointsofonehand.
(c)Pseudarthrosisofthelongbones.
(d)Deformitiesduetofractureorotherinjurywhichseriouslyinterferewithfunctionandweight
bearingpower.
(2)Allwoundedprisonersofwarwhoseconditionhasbecomechronic,totheextentthatprognosis
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appearstoexcluderecoveryinspiteoftreatmentwithinoneyearfromthedateoftheinjury,as,for
example,incaseof:
(a)Projectileintheheart,eveniftheMixedMedicalCommissionshouldfail,atthetimeoftheir
examination,todetectanyseriousdisorders.
(b)Metallicsplinterinthebrainorthelungs,eveniftheMixedMedicalCommissioncannot,atthe
timeofexamination,detectanylocalorgeneralreaction.
(c)Osteomyelitis,whenrecoverycannotbeforeseeninthecourseoftheyearfollowingtheinjury,
andwhichseemslikelytoresultinankylosisofajoint,orotherimpairmentsequivalenttothelossof
ahandorafoot.
(d)Perforatingandsuppuratinginjurytothelargejoints.
(e)Injurytotheskull,withlossorshiftingofbonytissue.
(f)Injuryorburningofthefacewithlossoftissueandfunctionallesions.
(g)Injurytothespinalcord.
(h)Lesionoftheperipheralnerves,thesequelaeofwhichareequivalenttothelossofahandor
foot,andthecureofwhichrequiresmorethanayearfromthedateofinjury,for.example:injuryto
thebrachialorlumbosacralplexusmedianorsciaticnerves,likewisecombinedinjurytotheradial
andcubitalnervesortothelateralpoplitealnerve(N.peroneouscommunis)andmedialpopliteal
nerve(N.tibialis)etc.Theseparateinjuryoftheradial(musculospiral),cubital,lateralormedial
poplitealnervesshallnot,however,warrantrepatriationexceptincaseofcontracturesorofserious
neurotrophicdisturbance.
(i)Injurytotheurinarysystem,withincapacitatingresults.
(3)Allsickprisonersofwarwhoseconditionhasbecomechronictotheextentthatprognosisseems
toexcluderecoveryin,spiteoftreatmentwithinoneyearfromtheinceptionofthedisease,as,for
example,in
caseof:
(a)Progressivetuberculosisofanyorganwhich,accordingtomedicalprognosis,cannotbecured
oratleastconsiderablyimprovedbytreatmentinaneutralcountry.
(b)Exudatepleurisy.
(c)Seriousdiseasesoftherespiratoryorgansofnontubercularetiology,presumedincurable,for
example:seriouspulmonaryemphysema,withorwithoutbronchitischronicasthma*chronic
bronchitis*lastingmorethanoneyearincaptivitybronchiectasis*etc.
(d)Seriouschronicaffectionsofthecirculatorysystem,forexample:valvularlesionsandmyocarditis
*,whichhaveshownsignsofcirculatoryfailureduringcaptivity,eventhoughtheMixedMedical
Commissioncannotdetectanysuchsignsatthetimeofexaminationaffectionsofthepericardium
andthevessels(Buerger'sdisease,aneurismsofthelargevessels)etc.
(e)Seriouschronicaffectionsofthedigestiveorgans,forexample:gastricorduodenalulcer
sequelaeofgastricoperationsperformedincaptivitychronicgastritis,enteritisorcolitis,having
lastedmorethanoneyearandseriouslyaffectingthegeneralconditioncirrhosisoftheliver
chroniccholecystopathy*etc.
(f)Seriouschronicaffectionsofthegenitourinaryorgans,forexample:chronicdiseasesofthe
kidneywithconsequentdisordersnephrectomybecauseofatubercularkidneychronicpyelitisor
chroniccystitishydronephrosisorpyonephrosischronicgravegynaecologicalconditionsnormal
pregnancyandobstetricaldisorder,whereitisimpossibletoaccommodateinaneutralcountryetc.
(g)Seriouschronicdiseasesofthecentralandperipheralnervoussystem,forexample:allobvious
psychosesandpsychoneuroses,suchasserioushysteria,seriouscaptivitypsychoneurosis,etc.,
dulyverifiedbyaspecialist*anyepilepsydulyverifiedbythecampphysician*cerebral
arteriosclerosischronicneuritislastingmorethanoneyearetc.
(h)Seriouschronicdiseasesoftheneurovegetativesystem,withconsiderablediminutionofmental
orphysicalfitness,noticeablelossofweightandgeneralasthenia.
(i)Blindnessofbotheyes,orofoneeyewhenthevisionoftheotherislessthan1inspiteoftheuse
ofcorrectiveglassesdiminutionofvisualacuityincaseswhereitisimpossibletorestoreitby
correctiontoanacuityof1/2inatleastoneeye*othergraveocularaffections,forexample:
glaucoma,iritis,choroiditistrachomaetc.
(k)Auditivedisorders,suchastotalunilateraldeafness,iftheothereardoesnotdiscerntheordinary
spokenwordatadistanceofonemetre*etc.
(l)Seriousaffectionsofmetabolism,forexample:diabetesmellitusrequiringinsulintreatmentetc.
(m)Seriousdisordersoftheendocrineglands,forexample:thyrotoxicosishypothyrosisAddison's
diseaseSimmonds'cachexiatetanyetc.
(n)Graveandchronicdisordersofthebloodformingorgans.
(o)Seriouscasesofchronicintoxication,forexample:leadpoisoning,mercurypoisoning,
morphinism,cocainism,alcoholismgasorradiationpoisoningetc.
(p)Chronicaffectionsoflocomotion,withobviousfunctionaldisorders,forexample:arthritis
deformansprimaryandsecondaryprogressivechronicpolyarthritisrheumatismwithserious
clinicalsymptomsetc.
(q)Seriouschronicskindiseases,notamenabletotreatment.
(r)Anymalignantgrowth.
(s)Seriouschronicinfectiousdiseases,persistingforoneyearaftertheirinception,forexample:
malariawithdecidedorganicimpairment,amoebicorbacillarydysenterywithgravedisorders
tertiaryvisceralsyphilisresistanttotreatmentleprosyetc.
(t)Seriousavitaminosisorseriousinanition.
[NOTE]*ThedecisionoftheMixedMedicalCommissionshallbebasedtoagreatextentonthe
recordskeptbycampphysiciansandsurgeonsofthesamenationalityastheprisonersofwar,oron
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anexaminationbymedicalspecialistsoftheDetainingPower.
B.ACCOMMODATIONINNEUTRALCOUNTRIES
Thefollowingshallbeeligibleforaccommodationinaneutralcountry:
(1)Allwoundedprisonersofwarwhoarenotlikelytorecoverincaptivity,butwhomightbecuredor
whoseconditionmightbeconsiderablyimprovedbyaccommodationinaneutralcountry.
(2)Prisonersofwarsufferingfromanyformoftuberculosis,ofwhateverorgan,andwhosetreatment
inaneutralcountrywouldbelikelytoleadtorecoveryoratleasttoconsiderableimprovement,with
theexceptionofprimarytuberculosiscuredbeforecaptivity.
(3)Prisonersofwarsufferingfromaffectionsrequiringtreatmentoftherespiratory,circulatory,
digestive,nervous,sensory,genitourinary,cutaneous,locomotiveorgans,etc.,ifsuchtreatment
wouldclearlyhavebetterresultsinaneutralcountrythanincaptivity.
(4)Prisonersofwarwhohaveundergoneanephrectomyincaptivityforanontubercularrenal
affectioncasesofosteomyelitis,onthewaytorecoveryorlatentdiabetesmellitusnotrequiring
insulintreatmentetc.
(5)Prisonersofwarsufferingfromwarorcaptivityneuroses.Casesofcaptivityneurosiswhichare
notcuredafterthreemonthsofaccommodationinaneutralcountry,orwhichafterthatlengthoftime
arenotclearlyonthewaytocompletecure,shallberepatriated.
(6)Allprisonersofwarsufferingfromchronicintoxication(gases,metals,alkaloids,etc.),forwhom
theprospectsofcureinaneutralcountryareespeciallyfavourable.
(7)Allwomenprisonersofwarwhoarepregnantormotherswithinfantsandsmallchildren.
Thefollowingcasesshallnotbeeligibleforaccommodationinaneutralcountry:
(1)Alldulyverifiedchronicpsychoses.
(2)Allorganicorfunctionalnervousaffectionsconsideredtobeincurable.
(3)Allcontagiousdiseasesduringtheperiodinwhichtheyaretransmissible,withtheexceptionof
tuberculosis.
II.GeneralObservations
(1)Theconditionsgivenshall,inageneralway,beinterpretedandappliedinasbroadaspiritas
possible.Neuropathicandpsychopathicconditionscausedbywarorcaptivity,aswellascasesof
tuberculosisinallstages,shallaboveallbenefitbysuchliberalinterpretation.Prisonersofwarwho
havesustainedseveralwounds,noneofwhich,consideredbyitself,justifiesrepatriation,shallbe
examinedinthesamespirit,withdueregardforthepsychictraumatismduetothenumberoftheir
wounds.
(2)Allunquestionablecasesgivingtherighttodirectrepatriation(amputation,totalblindnessor
deafness,openpulmonarytuberculosis,mentaldisorder,malignantgrowth,etc.)shallbeexamined
andrepatriatedassoonaspossiblebythecampphysiciansorbymilitarymedicalcommissions
appointedbytheDetainingPower.
(3)Injuriesanddiseaseswhichexistedbeforethewarandwhichhavenotbecomeworse,aswell
aswarinjurieswhichhavenotpreventedsubsequentmilitaryservice,shallnotentitletodirect
repatriation.
(4)TheprovisionsofthisAnnexshallbeinterpretedandappliedinasimilarmannerinallcountries
partytotheconflict.ThePowersandauthoritiesconcernedshallgranttoMixedMedical
Commissionsallthefacilitiesnecessaryfortheaccomplishmentoftheirtask.
(5)Theexamplesquotedunder(1)aboverepresentonlytypicalcases.Caseswhichdonot
correspondexactlytotheseprovisionsshallbejudgedinthespiritoftheprovisionsofArticle110of
thepresentConvention,andoftheprinciplesembodiedinthepresentAgreement.
AnnexII.RegulationsConcerningMixedMedicalCommissions(seeArt112.)
Art1.TheMixedMedicalCommissionsprovidedforinArticle112oftheConventionshallbe
composedofthreemembers,twoofwhomshallbelongtoaneutralcountry,thethirdbeing
appointedbytheDetainingPower.Oneoftheneutralmembersshalltakethechair.
Art2.ThetwoneutralmembersshallbeappointedbytheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,
actinginagreementwiththeProtectingPower,attherequestoftheDetainingPower.Theymaybe
domiciledeitherintheircountryoforigin,inanyotherneutralcountry,orintheterritoryofthe
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DetainingPower.
Art3.TheneutralmembersshallbeapprovedbythePartiestotheconflictconcerned,whoshall
notifytheirapprovaltotheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrossandtotheProtectingPower.
Uponsuchnotification,theneutralmembersshallbeconsideredaseffectivelyappointed.
Art4.Deputymembersshallalsobeappointedinsufficientnumbertoreplacetheregularmembers
incaseofneed.Theyshallbeappointedatthesametimeastheregularmembersor,atleast,as
soonaspossible.
Art5.IfforanyreasontheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCrosscannotarrangeforthe
appointmentoftheneutralmembers,thisshallbedonebythePowerprotectingtheinterestsofthe
prisonersofwartobeexamined.
Art6.Sofaraspossible,oneofthetwoneutralmembersshallbeasurgeonandtheothera
physician.
Art7.TheneutralmembersshallbeentirelyindependentofthePartiestotheconflict,whichshall
grantthemallfacilitiesintheaccomplishmentoftheirduties.
Art8.ByagreementwiththeDetainingPower,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,when
makingtheappointmentsprovidedforinArticles2and4ofthepresentRegulations,shallsettlethe
termsofserviceofthenominees.
Art9.TheMixedMedicalCommissionsshallbegintheirworkassoonaspossibleaftertheneutral
membershavebeenapproved,andinanycasewithinaperiodofthreemonthsfromthedateof
suchapproval.
Art10.TheMixedMedicalCommissionsshallexaminealltheprisonersdesignatedinArticle113of
theConvention.Theyshallproposerepatriation,rejection,orreferencetoalaterexamination.Their
decisionsshallbemadebyamajorityvote.
Art11.ThedecisionsmadebytheMixedMedicalCommissionsineachspecificcaseshallbe
communicated,duringthemonthfollowingtheirvisit,totheDetainingPower,theProtectingPower
andtheInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross.TheMixedMedicalCommissionsshallalso
informeachprisonerofwarexaminedofthedecisionmade,andshallissuetothosewhose
repatriationhasbeenproposed,certificatessimilartothemodelappendedtothepresent
Convention.
Art12.TheDetainingPowershallberequiredtocarryoutthedecisionsoftheMixedMedical
Commissionswithinthreemonthsofthetimewhenitreceivesduenotificationofsuchdecisions.
Art13.IfthereisnoneutralphysicianinacountrywheretheservicesofaMixedMedical
Commissionseemtoberequired,andifitisforanyreasonimpossibletoappointneutraldoctors
whoareresidentinanothercountry,theDetainingPower,actinginagreementwiththeProtecting
Power,shallsetupaMedicalCommissionwhichshallundertakethesamedutiesasaMixed
MedicalCommission,subjecttotheprovisionsofArticles1,2,3,4,5and8ofthepresent
Regulations.
Art14.MixedMedicalCommissionsshallfunctionpermanentlyandshallvisiteachcampat
intervalsofnotmorethansixmonths.
AnnexIII.RegulationsConcerningCollectiveRelief(SeeArt73.)
Art1.Prisoners'representativesshallbeallowedtodistributecollectivereliefshipmentsforwhich
theyareresponsible,toallprisonersofwaradministeredbytheircamp,includingthosewhoarein
hospitals,orinprisonsorotherpenalestablishments.
Art2.Thedistributionofcollectivereliefshipmentsshallbeeffectedinaccordancewiththe
instructionsofthedonorsandwithaplandrawnupbytheprisoners'representatives.Theissueof
medicalstoresshall,however,bemadeforpreferenceinagreementwiththeseniormedical
officers,andthelattermay,inhospitalsandinfirmaries,waivethesaidinstructions,iftheneedsof
theirpatientssodemand.Withinthelimitsthusdefined,thedistributionshallalwaysbecarriedout
equitably.
Art3.Thesaidprisoners'representativesortheirassistantsshallbeallowedtogotothepointsof
arrivalofreliefsuppliesneartheircamps,soastoenabletheprisoners'representativesortheir
assistantstoverifythequalityaswellasthequantityofthegoodsreceived,andtomakeoutdetailed
reportsthereonforthedonors.
Art4.Prisoners'representativesshallbegiventhefacilitiesnecessaryforverifyingwhetherthe
distributionofcollectivereliefinallsubdivisionsandannexesoftheircampshasbeencarriedoutin
accordancewiththeirinstructions.
Art5.Prisoners'representativesshallbeallowedtofillup,andcausetobefilledupbytheprisoners'
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representativesoflabourdetachmentsorbytheseniormedicalofficersofinfirmariesandhospitals,
formsorquestionnairesintendedforthedonors,relatingtocollectivereliefsupplies(distribution,
requirements,quantities,etc.).Suchformsandquestionnaires,dulycompleted,shallbeforwarded
tothedonorswithoutdelay.
Art6.Inordertosecuretheregularissueofcollectiverelieftotheprisonersofwarintheircamp,and
tomeetanyneedsthatmayarisefromthearrivalofnewcontingentsofprisoners,prisoners'
representativesshallbeallowedtobuildupandmaintainadequatereservestocksofcollective
relief.Forthispurpose,theyshallhavesuitablewarehousesattheirdisposaleachwarehouseshall
beprovidedwithtwolocks,theprisoners'representativeholdingthekeysofonelockandthecamp
commanderthekeysoftheother.
Art7.Whencollectiveconsignmentsofclothingareavailable,eachprisonerofwarshallretaininhis
possessionatleastonecompletesetofclothes.Ifaprisonerhasmorethanonesetofclothes,the
prisoners'representativeshallbepermittedtowithdrawexcessclothingfromthosewiththelargest
numberofsets,orparticulararticlesinexcessofone,ifthisisnecessaryinordertosupplyprisoners
whoarelesswellprovided.Heshallnot,however,withdrawsecondsetsofunderclothing,socksor
footwear,unlessthisistheonlymeansofprovidingforprisonersofwarwithnone.
Art8.TheHighContractingParties,andtheDetainingPowersinparticular,shallauthorize,asfaras
possibleandsubjecttotheregulationsgoverningthesupplyofthepopulation,allpurchasesof
goodsmadeintheirterritoriesforthedistributionofcollectiverelieftoprisonersofwar.Theyshall
similarlyfacilitatethetransferoffundsandotherfinancialmeasuresofatechnicaloradministrative
naturetakenforthepurposeofmakingsuchpurchases.
Art9.Theforegoingprovisionsshallnotconstituteanobstacletotherightofprisonersofwarto
receivecollectivereliefbeforetheirarrivalinacamporinthecourseoftransfer,nortothepossibility
ofrepresentativesoftheProtectingPower,theInternationalCommitteeoftheRedCross,orany
otherbodygivingassistancetoprisonerswhichmayberesponsiblefortheforwardingofsuch
supplies,ensuringthedistributionthereoftotheaddresseesbyanyothermeansthattheymay
deemuseful.
AnnexIV.(A)IdentityCard(SeeArt4.)
AnnexIV.(B)CapturedCard(SeeArt70.)
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AnnexIV.(C)CorrespondenceCardandLetter(SeeArt71.)
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AnnexIV.(D)NotificationofDeath(SeeArt120.)
AnnexIV.(E)RepatriationCertificate(SeeAnnexII,Art11.)
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AnnexV.ModelRegulationsConcerningPaymentsSentbyPrisonerstotheirOwnCountry(SeeArt
63.)
(1)ThenotificationreferredtointhethirdparagraphofArticle63willshow:
(a)numberasspecifiedinArticle17,rank,surnameandfirstnamesoftheprisonerofwarwhoisthe
payer
(b)thenameandaddressofthepayeeinthecountryoforigin
(c)theamounttobesopaidinthecurrencyofthecountryinwhichheisdetained.
(2)Thenotificationwillbesignedbytheprisonerofwar,orhiswitnessedmarkmadeuponitifhe
cannotwrite,andshallbecountersignedbytheprisoners'representative.
(3)Thecampcommanderwilladdtothisnotificationacertificatethattheprisonerofwarconcerned
hasacreditbalanceofnotlessthantheamountregisteredaspayable.
(4)Thenotificationmaybemadeupinlists,eachsheetofsuchlistsbeingwitnessedbythe
prisoners'representativeandcertifiedbythecampcommander.
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