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INTRODUCTION
GSM controlled robot or SMS controlled robot is a wireless robot which performs
the necessary actions by receiving a set of instructions in the form a Short Message
Service (SMS). In this project we can control the robot directions like forward, backward,
left and right by sending SMS from the mobile. Earlier, we have already seen the working
of a DTMF Controlled Robot without using Microcontroller.
This project mainly consists of 2 sections, one is mobile unit and the other one is
robot unit. The GSM modem which is fixed at the robot receives the messages sent by the
obstacle sensor and gives the instructions to the microcontroller to control the robot
directions. In this project, we interface LPC2148 microcontroller with GSM SIM 900.
The protocol used for the communication between controller and GSM modem is UART
(Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter). This system continuously checks for
message to take the decision for controlling the robot.
SMS Controlled Robot Circuit Design:
The major components used in the above circuit are microcontroller, motor driver,
level converter, GSM module and robot. Here LPC2148 microcontroller is used and it
requires a power supply of positive 12V DC. In order to provide regulated 12V DC
voltage to the controller, use 7812 power supply circuit. Here one 12V batteries are used,
it is for giving the supply to the circuit and to run the DC motors.
GSM modem Tx and Rx pins are connected to the 13 and 14 pins of max232.
Microcontroller TXD and RXD pins are connected to the 11 and 12 pins of level
converter. Here max232 is a mediator between controller and GSM module and it is used
to convert the voltage levels. To know more details about max232 refer Max232
Datasheet.
GSM module requires 5V power supply. In order to communicate with this GSM
we need to send AT commands using serial communication (UART protocol). Use a baud
rate of 9600 to communicate with GSM.
P2.0, P2.1, P2.2 and P2.3 pins of controller are connected to the l293d input pins
and these pins are used to control the two DC motors. The operating voltage of this IC is
5V. Using this IC we can operate the 2 DC motors with a voltage ranging from 4.5 to
36V. We need to apply the motors supply at 8th pin of l293d.
CHAPTER 2
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
2.1 Description of embedded systems:
Embedded computers or embedded systems, and actually account for more than
90% of all the worlds manufactured processors. In general, users of embedded systems
see a specialized function (such as a High-Definition TV) and do not directly think of the
computer embedded within the system. Such embedded computers are gaining
importance as an increasing number of systems use embedded processors, RAM, disk
drives, and networks. Embedded systems range in size from simple toasters and minirobots to large-scale systems deployed in process control, manufacturing, power
generation, defense systems, telecommunication systems, automotive systems, air traffic
control, avionics, video-on-demand and video-conferencing systems. Embedded systems
also differ from their conventional PC or workstation cousins in several ways. Embedded
systems are typically used over long periods of time, will not (or cannot) be programmed
or maintained by its end-users, and often face significantly different design constraints
such as limited memory, low cost, strict performance guarantees, fail-safe operation, low
power, reliability and guaranteed real-time behavior. These embedded systems often use
simple executives (OS kernels) or real-time operating systems with typically small
footprints, support for real-time scheduling and no hard drives. Many embedded systems
also interact with their physical environment using a variety of sensors and/or actuators.
An embedded system is a special computer system designed to perform one or a
few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a
general-purpose computer, such as a personal computer (PC), is designed to be flexible
and to meet a wide range of end-user needs. Embedded systems control many devices in
common use today.
Embedded systems are controlled by one or more main processing cores that are
typically either microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSP). The key
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characteristic, however, is being dedicated to handle a particular task, which may require
very powerful processors. For example, air traffic control systems may usefully be
viewed as embedded, even though they involve mainframe computers and dedicated
regional and national networks between airports and radar sites. Since the embedded
system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the size
and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Some embedded
systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
In general, "embedded system" is not a strictly definable term, as most systems
have some element of extensibility or programmability. For example, handheld
computers share some elements with embedded systems such as the operating systems
and microprocessors which power them, but they allow different applications to be
loaded and peripherals to be connected. Moreover, even systems which don't expose
programmability as a primary feature generally need to support software updates. On a
continuum from "general purpose" to "embedded", large application systems will have
subcomponents at most points even if the system as a whole is "designed to perform one
or a few dedicated functions", and is thus appropriate to call "embedded".
Embedded systems programming is not like normal PC programming. In many
ways, programming for an embedded system is like programming PC 15 years ago. The
hardware for the system is usually chosen to make the device as cheap as possible.
Spending an extra dollar a unit in order to make things easier to program can cost
millions. Hiring a programmer for an extra month is cheap in comparison. This means the
programmer must make do with slow processors and low memory, while at the same time
battling a need for efficiency not seen in most PC applications. Below is a list of issues
specific to the embedded field.
2.1.1 Tools:
Embedded development makes up a small fraction of total programming. There's
also a large number of embedded architectures, unlike the PC world where 1 instruction
set rules, and the UNIX world where there's only 3 or 4 major ones. This means that the
tools are more expensive. It also means that they're lower featured, and less developed.
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On a major embedded project, at some point you will almost always find a compiler bug
of some sort.
2.1.2 Resources:
To save costs, embedded systems frequently have the cheapest processors that can
do the job. This means your programs need to be written as efficiently as possible. When
dealing with large data sets, issues like memory cache misses that never matter in PC
programming can hurt you. Luckily, this won't happen too often- use reasonably efficient
algorithms to start, and optimize only when necessary. Of course, normal profilers won't
work well, due to the same reason debuggers don't work well. So more intuition and an
understanding of your software and hardware architecture is necessary to optimize
effectively.
2.2.1 Reliability:
Embedded systems often reside in machines that are expected to run continuously
for years without errors and in some cases recover by them if an error occurs. Therefore
the software is usually developed and tested more carefully than that for personal
computers, and unreliable mechanical moving parts such as disk drives, switches or
buttons are avoided.
2.3Operating System:
They often have no operating system, or a specialized embedded operating
system (often a real-time operating system), or the programmer is assigned to port one of
these to the new system.
2.4Debugging:
Debugging is usually performed with an in-circuit emulator, or some type
of debugger that can interrupt the micro controllers internal microcode. The microcode
interrupt lets the debugger operate in hardware in which only the CPU works. The CPUbased debugger can be used to test and debug the electronics of the computer from the
viewpoint of the CPU.
Developers should insist on debugging which shows the high-level
language, with breakpoints and single stepping, because these features are widely
available. Also, developers should write and use simple logging facilities to debug
sequences of real-time events. PC or mainframe programmers first encountering this sort
of programming often become confused about design priorities and acceptable methods.
Mentoring, code-reviews and ego less programming are recommended.
CHAPTER-3
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
3.1 Introduction:
In this chapter the block diagram of the project and design aspect of independent
modules are described. The block diagram is as shown below in fig 3.1.
Block diagram:
Obstacle sensor
Micro controllerMotor Driver
GSM Modem
Right
Motor
Micro
The main components of this project
are:controller
Left
Motor
LPC2148 Microcontroller
GSM
Motor Driver
Motors
IP Camera
Obstacle sensor
3.1.1. LPC2148
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FEATURES:
High-performance, Low-power Consumption 32-bit Microcontroller
RISC Architecture
64-pin High-Performance ARM Microcontroller
Flash Program Memory: 512 K Bytes
SRAM Data Memory: 32 K Bytes
I/O Pins: 45
Timers: Two 32-bit
A/D Converter: 10-bit Fourteen Channels
DAC: 10-bit
Real-Time Clock (RTC): Independent Power and Dedicated 32kHz Input
IC: Two Modules with Master or Slave Operation
SPI: Full Duplex Serial Operation
UART: Two Modules
USB: 2.0B Fully Compliant Controller with RAM
External Oscillator: up to 25MHz with integrated PLL for 60MHz Operation
Pin Configurations:
OVERVIEW:
The LPC2148 is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which offers
high performance and very low power consumption. The architecture is based on RISC
Principles, and the instruction set and related decode mechanism are much simpler than
those of micro programmed CISC. This simplicity results in a high instruction throughput
and impressive real-time interrupt response from a small and cost-effective processor
core.
Pipeline techniques are employed so that all parts of the processing and
memory systems can operate continuously. Typically, while one instruction is being
executed, its successor is being decoded, and a third instruction is being fetched from
memory.
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The key idea behind Thumb is that of a super-reduced instruction set. Essentially,
the LPC2148 processor has two instruction sets: The standard 32-bit ARM set.
LPC2148 combines microcontroller with embedded high speed flash
memory ranging from 32 kb to 512 kb. A 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique
accelerator architecture enable 32-bit code execution at the maximum clock rate. For
critical code size applications, the alternative 16-bit Thumb mode reduces code by more
than 30 % with minimal performance penalty.
Due to its tiny size and low power consumption, LPC2148 is ideal for
applications where miniaturization is a key requirement. Serial communications
interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full-speed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I2Cbus and on-chip SRAM of 8 KB up to 40 KB, make these devices very well suited for
communication gateways and protocol converters, providing both large buffer size and
high processing power.
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12
13
PINSEL0 register serves to select any function from the pins P0.0 to P0.15
PINSEL1 Register:
PINSEL1 register serves to select any function from the pins P0.16 to P0.31
The PINSEL0 and PINSEL1 register control the function of device pins as show below.
Pairs of bits in these registers correspond to specific device pins.
Value
Function
00
01
10
11
Reserved
PINSEL2 Register:
14
PINSEL2 register serves to select any function from the pins P1.16 to P1.31.
Bit
0,1
Symbol
Function
GPIO/TRACE
4to31
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these microcontrollers to achieve standard baud rates such as 115200 with any crystal
frequency above 2 MHz
16 byte Receive and Transmit FIFOs (First In First Out).
Register locations conform to 550 industry standard.
Receiver FIFO trigger points at 1, 4, 8, and 14 bytes
Built-in fractional baud rate generator covering wide range of baud rates without
a need for external crystals of particular values.
Transmission FIFO control enables implementation of software (ON/OFF) flow
control on both UARTs.
LPC2148 UART1 equipped with standard modem interface signals. This module
also provides full support for hardware flow control
3.1.3. I2C-Bus serial I/O Controller:
The LPC2148 contains two I2C-bus controllers. The I2C-bus is bidirectional, for
inter-IC control using only two wires: A serial clock line (SCL), A serial data line
(SDL).
Each device is recognized by a unique address and can operate as either a receiveronly device. Transmitters and/or receivers can operate in either master or slave mode,
depending on whether the chip has to initiate a data transfer or is only addressed. The
I2C-bus is a multi-master bus, it can be controlled by more than one bus master
connected to it. The I2C-bus implemented in LP2148 supports bit rates up to 400
Kbit/s (Fast I2C-bus).
Compliant with standard I2C-bus interface.
Easy to configure as master, slave, or master/slave.
Programmable clocks allow versatile rate control.
Bidirectional data transfer between masters and slaves.
Multi-master bus (no central master).
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Power Control:
The LPC2148 supports two reduced power modes:
Idle mode
occurs. Peripheral functions continue operation during idle mode and may generate
interrupts to cause the processor to resume execution. Idle mode eliminates power
used by the processor itself, memory systems and related controllers, and internal
buses.
In Power-down mode, the oscillator is shut down and the chip receives no
internal clocks. The processor state and registers, peripheral registers, and internal
SRAM values are preserved throughout Power-down mode and the logic levels of
chip output pins remain static. The Power-down mode can be terminated and normal
operation resumed by either a reset or certain specific interrupts that are able to
function without clocks. Since all dynamic operation of the chip is suspended, Powerdown mode reduces chip power consumption to nearly zero.
Reset Circuit:
Reset button is essential in a system to avoid programming pitfalls and sometimes to
manually bring back the system to the initialization mode.
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19
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3.3 MAX232:
The MAX232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage
generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-232-F voltage levels from a single 5-V supply. Each
receiver converts TIA/EIA-232-F inputs to 5-V TTL/CMOS levels. These receivers have
a typical threshold of 1.3 V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V, and can accept 30-V inputs.
Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels. The driver,
receiver, and voltage
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. 7.5 V) from a single
+ 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. This makes it useful for
implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise do not need any voltages outside the 0 V
to + 5 V range, as power supply design does not need to be made more complicated just
for driving the RS-232 in this case. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which may be as
high as 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical threshold of
1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of 0.5 V.
Pin diagram of MAX232:
There are not enough drivers/receivers in the MAX232 to also connect the DTR,
DSR, and DCD signals. Usually these signals can be omitted when e.g. communicating
with a PC's serial interface. If the DTE really requires these signals, either a second
MAX232 is needed, or some other IC from the MAX232 family can be used. Also, it is
possible to directly wire DTR (DB9 pin #4) to DSR (DB9 pin #6) without going through
any circuitry. This gives automatic (brain dead) DSR acknowledgment of an incoming
DTR signal.
Features of MAX232:
Meet or Exceed
Operates From a Single 5-V Power Supply With 1.0-F Charge-Pump Capacitors
Recommended V.28
Terminals
Modems
Computers
Small-outline(D,DW)Packages
Maxim MAX232
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DISCRIPTION:
These active connectors contain all the USB to RS232 (and vice-versa) conversion
electronics and are designed to fit directly into the same PCB footprint as a PC
compatible RS232DB9 connector.
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25
26
Figure 3.4.8: Connecting GSM module with RS232 (SB9-DB9) Serial Cable
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Description
Check if serial interface and GSM is working.
Turn echo off, less traffic on serial line.
Selection of SMS memory.
SMS string format, how they are compressed.
Read new message from a given memory location.
Send message to a given recipient.
Delete message.
Display of new incoming SMS.
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Features
1 Khz Modulated IR transmitter LEDs
Ambient light protected IR receiver
3 pin easy interface connector Indicator LED
Up to 20cm range for white object
Can differentiate between dark and light colors
Active Low on object detection
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Applications
Proximity Sensor
Object Near detection
Tachometer (Measure Fan Speed)
Obstacle Detector Sensor
Line/Wall Follower Sensor
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3.6. DC MOTOR
A DC motor is any of a class of electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical power into mechanical power. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal
mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of
current flow in part of the motor. Most types produce rotary motion; a linear motor
directly produces force and motion in a straight line.
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered from
existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be
controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the
strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and
appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor
used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are used in propulsion of
electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The advent of
power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many
applications.
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designs the stator fields use electromagnets to create their magnetic fields which allow
greater control over the motor.
Controlling DC Motors
Motor gives power to your MCU. Ya power to do physical works, for example to
move your robot. So it is essential to know how to control a DC motor effectively with a
MCU. We can control a DC motor easily with microcontrollers. We can start it, stop it or
make it go either in clockwise or anti clock wise direction. We can also control its speed
but it will be covered in latter tutorials.
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PIN DISCRIPTION:
Pin No
Function
Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Enable 1,2
Input 1
Output 1
Ground
Ground
Output 2
Input 2
Vcc 2
Enable 3,4
Input 3
Output 3
Ground
Ground
Output 4
Input 4
Vcc 1
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MOTOR CONTROLLER:
This chip is designed to control 2 DC motors. There are 2 INPUT and 2 OUTPUT
PINs for each motors. The connections are as follows.
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3.7. IP CAMERA
An Internet protocol camera, or IP camera, is a type of digital video camera
commonly employed for surveillance, and which, unlike analog closed circuit
television (CCTV) cameras, can send and receive data via a computer network and the
Internet. Although most cameras that do this are webcams, the term "IP camera" or
"netcam" is usually applied only to those used for surveillance. The first centralized IP
camera was Axis Neteye 200, released in 1996 by Axis Communications.
There are two kinds of IP cameras:
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Applications:
Below are available two Android applications designed for live streaming between
Android devices.
Camera Wi-Fi Live Stream a simple and powerful application for Android
devices that allow users to view real-time video images captured with an Android
device camera. The application is designed to work in a web browser or on other
Android device;
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CHAPTER-4
POWER SUPPLY
4.1 Block diagram of Power supply:
LPC2148 works on 3.3 V power supply. LM 117 can be used for generating 3.3 V
supply. However, basic peripherals like LCD, ULN 2003 (Motor Driver IC) etc.
works on 5V. So AC mains supply is converted into 5V using below mentioned circuit
and after that LM 117 is used to convert 5V into 3.3V.
I/O 230V/50HZ
Step down T/F
Filter Circuit
Bridge Rectifier
4.2 Transformer
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
through inductively coupled conductors the transformer's coils. A varying current in the
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first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and
thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field
induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This
effect is called mutual induction.
If a load is connected to the secondary, current will flow in the secondary winding,
and electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer
to the load. In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (Vs) is
in proportion to the primary voltage (VP) and is given by the ratio of the number of turns
in the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as follows.
By appropriate selection of the ratio of turns, a transformer thus enables an
alternating current (AC) voltage to be "stepped up" by making Ns greater than Np, or
"stepped down" by making Ns less than Np.
While new technologies have eliminated the need for transformers in some
electronic circuits, transformers are still found in nearly all electronic devices designed
for household ("mains") voltage. Transformers are essential for high-voltage electric
power transmission, which makes long-distance transmission economically practical.
Fig.4.2 Transformer
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The path for current flow is from point B through D1, up through RL, through
D3, through the secondary of the transformer back to point B. this path is indicated by the
solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can be observed across D1 and D3.
One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary of the transformer reverse,
forward biasing D2 and D4 and reverse biasing D1 and D3. Current flow will now be
from point A through D4, up through RL, through D2, through the secondary of T1, and
back to point A. This path is indicated by the broken arrows. Waveforms (3) and (4) can
be observed across D2 and D4. The current flow through RL is always in the same
direction. In flowing through RL this current develops a voltage corresponding to that.
Since current flows through the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied voltage,
this bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.
One advantage of a bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave rectifier is that
with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a voltage output that is nearly twice
that of the conventional full-wave circuit.
This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components shown in
views A and B. assume that the same transformer is used in both circuits. The peak
voltage developed between points X and y is 1000 volts in both circuits. In the
conventional full-wave circuit shown in view A, the peak voltage from the center tap to
either X or Y is 500 volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant, the maximum
voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts.
The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is nearly-but never
exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop across the diode. In the bridge
rectifier shown in view B, the maximum voltage that can be rectified is the full secondary
voltage, which is 1000 volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage across the load resistor is
nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same transformer, the bridge rectifier
circuit produces a higher output voltage than the conventional full-wave rectifier circuit.
4.4 filter
After rectification we obtain dc supply from ac but it is not pure dc it may have
some ac ripples .To reduce these ripples we use filters. It comprises of two filters low
frequency ripple filter and high frequency ripple filter.
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To reduce low frequency ripples we use electrolytic capacitor. The voltage rating
of capacitor must be double from incoming dc supply. It blocks dc and passes ripples to
ground.
4.5 Resistor
Resistors "Resist" the flow of electrical current. The higher the value of resistance
(measured in ohms) the lower the current will be. Resistance is the property of a
component which restricts the flow of electric current. Energy is used up as the voltage
across the component drives the current through it and this energy appears as heat in the
component.
4.6 Capacitor:
Capacitors
store
electric
charge.
They
are
used
with
resistors
in timing circuits because it takes time for a capacitor to fill with charge. They are used
to smooth varying DC supplies by acting as a reservoir of charge. They are also used in
filter circuits because capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals but they block DC
(constant) signals.
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Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and they must be connected the correct way
round, at least one of their leads will be marked + or -.
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78 indicate the negative series and xx indicates the voltage rating. Suppose
7905 produces the maximum -5V.05indicates the regulator output is -5V.
These regulators consists the three pins there are
Pin1: It is used for input pin.
Pin2: This is ground pin for regulator
Pin3: It is used for output pin. Through this pin we get the output.
4.7.1 Three-Terminal Voltage Regulators:
Fig shows the basic connection of a three-terminal voltage regulator IC to a load.
The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input voltage, Vi, applied to one input
terminal, a regulated output dc voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third
terminal connected to ground. For a selected regulator, IC device specifications list a
voltage range over which the input voltage can vary to maintain a regulated output
voltage over a range of load current. The specifications also list the amount of output
voltage change resulting from a change in load current (load regulation) or in input
voltage (line regulation).
capacitor C2 (mostly for any high-frequency noise). The third IC terminal is connected to
ground.
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CHAPTER 5
SOFTWARE KEIL VISION
Keil compiler is software used where the machine language code is written and
compiled. After compilation, the machine source code is converted into hex code which
is to be dumped into the microcontroller for further processing. Keil compiler also
supports C language code.
STEPS TO WRITE AN ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAM IN KEIL AND
HOW TO COMPILE IT:
Install the Keil Software in the PC in any of the drives.
After installation, an icon will be created with the name Keil uVision3. Just
drag this icon onto the desktop so that it becomes easy whenever you try to write
programs in keil.
Double click on this icon to start the keil compiler.
A page opens with different options in it showing the project workspace at the
leftmost corner side, output window in the bottom and an ash coloured space for
the program to be written.
Now to start using the keil, click on the option project.
A small window opens showing the options like new project, import project, open
project etc. Click on New project.
A small window with the title bar Create new project opens. The window asks
the user to give the project name with which it should be created and the
destination location. The project can be created in any of the drives available. You
can create a new folder and then a new file or can create directly a new file.
After the file is saved in the given destination location, a window opens where a
list of vendors will be displayed and you have to select the device for the target
you have created.
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A small window opens asking whether to copy the startup code into the file you
have created just now. Just click on No to proceed further.
Now you can see the TARGET and SOURCE GROUP created in the project
workspace.
Now click on File and in that New. A new page opens and you can start
writing program in it.
After the program is completed, save it with any name but with the .asm
extension. Save the program in the file you have created earlier.
You can notice that after you save the program, the pre defined keywords will be
highlighted in bold letters.
Now add this file to the target by giving a right click on the source group. A list of
options open and in that select Add files to the source group. Check for this file
where you have saved and add it.
Right click on the target and select the first option Options for target. A window
opens with different options like device, target, output etc. First click on target.
Now click the option Output and give any name to the hex file to be created in
the Name of executable text area and put a tick to the Create HEX file option
present in the same window. The hex file can be created in any of the drives. You
can change the folder by clicking on Select folder for Objects.
To check for the output, there are several windows like serial window, memory
window, project window etc. Depending on the program you have written, select
the appropriate window to see the output by entering into debug mode.
The icon with the letter d indicates the debug mode.
Click on this icon and now click on the option View and select the appropriate
window to check for the output.
After this is done, click the icon debug again to come out of the debug mode.
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PROTEUS 8 PROFESSIONAL
Proteus 8 is a single application with many service modules offering different
functionality (schematic capture, PCB layout, etc.). The wrapper that enables all of the
various tools to communicate with each other consists of three main parts. Proteus
PCB
design combines the ISIS schematic capture and ARES PCB layout programs to provide
a powerful, integrated and easy to use suite of tools for professional PCB Design. All
Proteus PCB design products include an integrated shape based auto router and a basic
SPICE simulation capability as standard. More advanced routing modes are included in
Proteus PCB Design Level 2 and higher whilst simulation capabilities can be enhanced
by purchasing the Advanced Simulation option and/or micro-controller simulation
capabilities.
Application Framework
Proteus 8 consists of a single application (PDS.EXE). This is the framework or
container which hosts all of the functionality of Proteus. ISIS, ARES, 3DV all open as
tabbed windows within this framework and therefore all have access to the common
database.
Common Database
The common database contains information about parts used in the project. A part
can contain both a schematic component and a PCB footprint as well both user and
system properties. Shared access to this database by all application modules makes
possible a huge number of new features, many of which will evolve over the course of
the Version 8 lifecycle.
wiring in ISIS producing rats nest connections in ARES but it goes much further than
that. The new Bill of Materials module contains a live viewer and the 3D Viewer and
Design Explorer are also linked into the live net list.
This document covers the Proteus 8 application frame work and other
functionality related to the software suite as a whole. The various application modules
(e.g. ISIS, ARES) each have their own reference manuals and tutorial documentation.
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CHAPTER 6
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
The following figure shows the schematic diagram of our project
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Working:
In this project we are going to control the ROBOT by using GSM SMS from the
remote location. Commands send by from the users mobile. These commands are
receives by the GSM system present on the robot. The commands the fed to the
microcontroller which process on the commands the according to that robot will work.
The system uses a compact circuitry built around LPC2148 (ARM7) microcontroller.
Programs are developed in Embedded C. Flash magic is used for loading programs into
Microcontroller.
The power supply from socket is connected to the step down transformer in order
to step down the voltage from 230v to 12v and the output of step down transformer is 12v
ac is connected to rectifier to convert it to pulsating dc from rectifier we will get 12v
pulsating dc. Here this circuit diagram is for +12V regulated DC power supply.
These power supply circuit diagram is ideal for an average current requirement of 1Amp.
It is a 3-terminal voltage regulator IC. It has short circuit protection, thermal overload
protection.
LPC2148 is the widely used IC from ARM-7 family. It has 8 to 40 KB of on-chip
static RAM and 32 to 512 KB of on-chip flash program memory.128 bit wide
interface/accelerator enables high speed 60 MHz operation. Low power real-time clock
with independent power and dedicated 32 kHz clock input.
System designers wishing to upgrade from ARM7 benefit from a robust ARM
processor roadmap providing multiple upgrade options, including the latest Cortex
processors. Due to its tiny size and low power consumption, LPC2148 is ideal for
applications where miniaturization is a key requirement. Serial communications
interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full-speed device, multiple UARTs, SPI, SSP to I2Cbus and on-chip
Obstacle Detecting Sensor is used to detect objects and obstacles in front of
sensor in a narrow angle useful in robotics applications. Sensor keeps transmitting
modulated infrared light and when any object comes near, it is detected by the sensor by
monitoring the reflected light from the object. It can be used in robots for obstacle
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avoidance, for automatic doors, for parking aid devices or for security alarm systems, or
contact less tachometer by measuring RPM of rotation objects like fan blades.
The proposed robot can be operated by send some SMS to the GSM modem
which is placed at the robot side. Depending upon the message received through GSM
modem, the motors which are connected to the robot drives the robot in forward, reverse,
right or left direction. The IP CAM which is fixed at the robot captures the surrounding
images and sends to the owner mobile phone. A user can monitor the surroundings at the
remote area. All these operations can be controlled by the host microcontroller placed at
the robot.
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CHAPTER-7
ADVANTAGES & APPLIATIONS
ADVANTAGES
Spying on people in ways people can't move and from views humans can't reach
Giving us information that humans can't get
Working at places 24/7 without any salary and food. Plus they don't get bored
They can perform tasks faster than humans and much more consistently and
accurately
APPLIATIONS
Scientific use
Military and law enforcement use
Search and rescue
Forest conservation
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SNAP SHOT
The following figure shows the kit of our project GSM BASED REMOTE SENSING
AND TELE-OPERATION OF A MOBILE ROBOT
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CONCLUSION
The project GSM based remote sensing and Tele operation of mobile
robot has been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating
features of all the hardware components used. By developing this robotic vehicle with its
multi-tasking feature, we have overcome the drawbacks of RF communication which
have a limited range whereas this robot can be controlled from anywhere just using this
GSM technology. The main advantage of this robot is by using obstacle sensor, it is
detected by the sensor by monitoring the reflected light from the object. It also have IP
CAM which is fixed at the robot captures the surrounding images and sends to the owner
mobile phone. A user can monitor the surroundings at the
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FUTURE SCOPE
Robot can be controlled through voice recognition mechanism
We can make this robot to move automatically
We can add different sensors
We can add camera also to record
Military use: Military usage of remotely controlled military vehicles dates back
the first half of 20th century. This can be a great asset to save lives of both people
along with soldiers in case of terrorist attacks like the one happened in 26 Nov,
2008 in Mumbai, India.
Search and Rescue: It will likely play an increased role in search and rescue in
the United States. Slowly other European countries (even some developing
nations) are thinking about making use of these vehicles in case of natural
calamities &emergencies.
Scientific Use: Remote control vehicles have various scientific uses including
hazardous environments. Majority of the probes to the other planets in our solar
system have been remote control vehicles, although some of the more recent ones
were partially autonomous. The sophistication of these devices has fueled greater
debate on the need for manned spaceflight and exploration. The Voyager I
spacecraft is the first craft of any kind to leave the solar system. The Martian
explorers Spirit and
Forest Conservation: In the recent times, there has been a serious endangerment
to the wildlife population. A lot of animals are on the verge of becoming extinct,
including the tiger. The spy robotic car can aid us in this purpose. Since it is a live
streaming device and also mobile, it can keep the forest guards constantly updated
about the status of different areas which are prone to attack. As a result, it can
help to prevent further destruction of the forest resources by enabling correct
prohibitory action at the appropriate time.
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