MINOR PROJECT REPORT

Motorized Scissor Lift

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Under the guidance of:

Submitted By:

Name: Mr.Piyush Rana

Vikas singh(me12/12451)

Designation: PROFESSOR

Vikas sharma(me/12/12450)

Department: ME

Sanjay dangi(Me/12/12434)
Surinder singh(Me/12/12446)
Tanveer saini(Me/12/12447)

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY-BHADDAL

Post Office:Mianpur,District:Ropar,Punjab-140001

CERTIFICATE OF PROJECT
This is to certify that Vikas Singh (1234236) , Vikas Sharma

(1245235),

Tanveer

(1245232)

Surinder

Singh

(1245231) , Sanjay Dangi (1245219) who are the student of

bachelor of technology of mechanical engineering department of

institute

of

Rupnagar

engineering

affiliated

to

and

Punjab

technology
technical

Bhaddal,
university,

Jalandhar has completed the minor project on Motorized

Scissor Lift under the guidance of Mr. Piyush Rana.
His

Overall

performance

during

the

project

period

was

______________.

Signature:DATE:Designation:Department:-

Name:-

Abstract
This paper presents analytical and experimental results of a motorized
scissor lift and their suitability for a particular class of complex mechanisms:
Robotic lift. In practice, robotic lift usually comprise of multiple segments
connected by joints. Some robotic lift provided legged, wheeled or tracked
propulsion, and in addition, Scissor type lift to lift loads. It was applied to
investigate the effect of scissor structure flexibility on the tip-over potential
of the lift, to understand tip-over mechanisms. Scissor lifting mechanism is
the first choice for automobiles and industries for elevation work. The system
has a one degree of freedom. There are several procedures for deriving
dynamic equations of rigid bodies in classical mechanics. The simulation
gives a clear idea about motor torque sizing for different link lengths of the
mechanism over a linear displacement.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible
without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I
would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to Mr. Piyush Rana for their guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
project and also for their support in completing the project.
I would like express my gratitude towards my parents, faculty and members
of department of mechanical engineering of IET BHADDAL for their kind
cooperation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to workshop
instructors for giving me such attention and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my fellows in developing the project
and people willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Contents

GENERAL SAFRTY STATEMENTS

MECHATRONICS
OBJECTIVE
DESCRIPTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM
AIM/OBJECTIVE OF SCISSOR LIFT
LIMITING DEFLECTION IN SCISSOR LIFT
INPUT SPECIFICATIONS
SWITCH, FUNCTION AND FEATURES
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMANDATIONS

Motorized
Scissor
Lift

GENERAL SAFETY STATEMENTS

To ensure this quality product is safely and correctly utilized, all instructions
within this manual must be read and understood prior to equipment start-up.
Be aware of all safety labels on machinery. If you do not understand any of
the safety instructions or feel there may be safety labels missing, contact
your supervisor or product supplier immediately!
Para garantizar que este producto de calidad se utilice correctamente y con
seguridad, es necesario leer y comprender las instrucciones incluidas en este
manual, antes de comenzar a utilizar el equipo. Est atento a todas las
etiquetas de seguridad que se encuentran en las mquinas. Si no entiende
alguna de las instrucciones de seguridad o considera que faltan algunas
etiquetas de seguridad, comunquese inmediatamente con su supervisor o
proveedor del product!
COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY STANDARDS
Compliance with safety standards, including federal, state and local codes or
regulations is the responsibility of the equipment purchaser(s). Placement of
guards, safety labels and other safety equipment is dependent upon the area
and use to which the system is applied. A safety study should be made of the
equipment application by the purchaser(s). It is the purchasers responsibility
to provide any additional guards, safety labels or other safety equipment
deemed necessary based on this safety study.
The information contained in this safety manual is correct at the time of
printing. Due to the continuing development of product lines, changes in
specifications are inevitable. The company reserves the right to implement
such changes without prior notice.
If you suspect fire hazards, safety hazards, dangers towards health or any
other job safety concerns, consult your federal, state or local codes.
Certain safety information in this document was reprinted from ASME B20.12000 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All
rights reserved. Inspect equipment for safety labels. Make sure personnel are
aware of and follow safety instructions.

Maintain an orderly environment in the vicinity of the equipment at all times.

Clean up spilled materials or lubricants immediately.
All personnel shall be instructed regarding the necessity for continuous care
and
attention to safety during the operation of the equipment. They
must be trained to identify and immediately report all unsafe conditions or
practices relating to the equipment and its operation.
Know your companys machine specific Lockout / Tagout procedure. Do Not
perform maintenance until electrical disconnect has been turned off!
Replace all safety devices, guards and guarding prior to equipment start-up.

SAFETY INFORMATION: GENERAL SAFETY LABELS

Safety labels have been placed at various points on the equipment to alert
everyone of potential dangers. Inspect equipment for proper position of
safety labels and make sure all personnel are aware of the labels and obey
their warnings. As mentioned in the previous section, a safety study should
be made of the equipment application by the purchaser(s). It is the
purchasers responsibility to provide any additional guards, safety labels or
other safety equipment deemed necessary based on this safety study. The
following pages contain typical safety labels that may have been attached to
your equipment.

SAFETY INFORMATION: SCISSOR LIFT SAFETY LABELS

SAFETY INFORMATION: INSTALLATIONSAFETY

LOADING / UNLOADING
Have trained personnel load or unload equipment. The equipment
must be properly handled when transferring from the unloading
area to final site location to prevent damage.
GUARDS / GUARDING
Interfacing of Equipment. When two or more pieces of equipment
are interfaced, special attention shall be given to the interfaced
area to ensure the presence of adequate guarding and safety
devices.
Guarding Exceptions.
Wherever conditions prevail that would require guarding under this
standard but such guarding would render the equipment unusable,
seek guidance from your safety professional.
ANCHORING DO NOT
operate equipment unless it is properly anchored. Serious injury or
death may result.
SAFETY WARNING
Install all safety devices, guards and guarding prior to equipment
start-up.

MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics is

design

process

that

includes

combination

of mechanical

engineering, electrical engineering, control engineering and computer engineering. Mechatronics

is amultidisciplinary field of engineering, that is to say, it rejects splitting engineering into
separate disciplines. Originally, mechatronics just included the combination of mechanics and
electronics, hence the word is a combination of mechanics and electronics; however, as
technical systems have become more and more complex the word has been "updated" during
recent years to include more technical areas.

French standard NF E 01-010 gives the following definition: approach aiming at the synergistic
integration of mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science within product design
and manufacturing, in order to improve and/or optimize its functionality".
Many people treat "mechatronics" as a modern buzzword synonymous with "electromechanical
engineering". However, other people draw a distinction between an "electromechanical
component" -- does not include a computer; an electro-mechanical computer (such as the Z4) -does not include an electronic computer; vs. a "mechatronic system" -- a computer-controlled
mechanical system, including both an electronic computer and electromechanical components.
Mechatronics is the synergistic integration of Mechanical Engineering with Electronics and
intelligent computer control in the design and manufacture of products and processes & it has
futuristic application in the cutting edge technology.
Mechatronics system engineering has gained global interest in the past decade from the
educational and industrial sectors. This unique inter disciplinary programme is launched for the
first time in India at MIT campus in the year 1998.
Candidates

with

Bachelor's

Degree

in

Electrical

and

Electronics

Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer

Science and Engineering, Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering are eligible for this highly
specialized four semester M.E. Programme.
Mechatronics is essential in the design of intelligent products; it allows engineers to
transform their concepts into reality. Within the next few decades, the trade of intelligent
products with improved flexibility, performance, reliability and maintenance will be crucial for
the economic vitality of any country.
Mechatronics has wide range of applications especially in robotics, industrial & home
automation, home appliances, inline assembly of automobiles, engine management system,
aerospace, nuclear & marine Engineering.

Objective
A jack is mechanical device used to lift heavy loads or apply great forces. A mechanical jack is a
device which lifts heavy equipment. Scissor lift usually use mechanical advantage to allow a
human to lift a small weight by manual force alone. More powerful lift use hydraulic power to
provide more lift over greater distance. The mechanical advantage is the factor by which a
mechanism multiplies the force or torque applied to it. An automotive lift is a device used to
raise all or part of a vehicle or any materials into the air in order to facilitate repairs or to ease.
Most people are familiar with the basic auto lift that was still included as standard equipment .
These days, fewer people than ever have had to use a scissor lift. This is due to the continuing
improvements in modern tires that have made getting a flat rare. Even so, people who like to
lift small weights or want to lift books in liberary to get ease in work can use scissor lift.

Nowadays in this country,By increasing its load capacity it can be used as scissor jack aslo, most
of the cars were equipped with the scissor car jack. We found that the scissor car jack were very
difficult to be used especially by women because this types of jack needed more strength and
energy to operate this jack by turning the lead screw. Thus, we want to develop a product based
from the problem faced by the users who drive a car regarding to this issue. To overcome this
problem, a research has been conducted to find the solution on how to design a car jack for the
car using the simplest and cheapest way while it is energy saving. Although there were many
ways to solve this problem, we recommend that the design this car jack system is the practical
way when we considered all the factors and consequences especially about the analysis to
develop this product.s. The normal car jack we have in the market is operated using bare hands
and it is time consuming. It also requires much energy from the person to rotate the jack. Hence,
this project had been prepared to recommend the design of the car jack that is user friendly and
easier to operate as do not required too much money to develop this product.

Description
This project is about the designing and fabricating the Scissor lift. This can be operating using
electricity to lift the load. In case of hydraulic and pneumatic jack a force is applied by the
human to lift the small load or car which uses large human efforts and time wasting. So to
overcome this limitation an electric lift is used. The main components used in this project are
motor jack, connecting wires and switch. In this project the motor is used to lift the jack which is
powered through electric source. The direction of jack is controlled through switch.

Jack
A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most common form is a car jack,
floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance can be performed. Car jacks
usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle. More powerful jacks use
hydraulic power to provide more lift over greater distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated
for a maximum lifting capacity (for example, 1.5 tons or 3 tons).

Design
To design is either to formulate a plan for the satisfaction of a specified need or to solve a
problem. If the plan results in the creation of something having a physical reality, then the
product must be functional, safe, reliable, competitive, usable, manufacturable, and marketable. .
These terms are defined as follows:
I.Functional: The product must perform to fill its intended need and customer expectation.
II.Safe: The product is not hazardous to the user, bystanders, or surrounding property. Hazards
that cannot be designed out are eliminated by guarding (a protective enclosure); if that is not
possible, appropriate directions or warning are provided.
III.Reliable: Reliability is the conditional probability, at a given confidence level, that the
product will perform its intended function satisfactorily or without failure at a given age.

IV.Competitive: The product is a contender in its market.

V.Usable: The product is user friendly accommodating to human size, strength. Posture, reach,
force, power and control.
VI.Manufacturable: The product has been reduced to a minimum number of parts. Suited to
mass production, with dimensions, distortion, and strength under control.
VII.Marketable: The product can be bought, and service (repair) is available
It is important that the designer begin by identifying exactly how to recognize a satisfactory
alternative, and how to distinguish between two satisfactory alternatives in order to identify the
better. From this, optimization strategies can be formed or selected. Then the following tasks
unfold:
Invent alternative solution
Establish key performance metrics
Through analysis and test, simulate and predict the performance of each alternative, retain
satisfactory alternatives, and discard unsatisfactory ones.
Choose the best satisfactory alternatives discovered as an approximation to optimality.
Implement the design
The characterization of a design task as a design problem can introduce the idea that, as a
problem, it has solution

Block Diagram
Jack

Mechatronics
Power
Supply

Wiper
Motor

Switch 2
Switch 1

SCISSOR LIFT
A scissor lift is a device used for lifting purposes, its objectives is to
make the table adjustable to desirable height.
A scissor lift provide the most economic dependable and versatile methods
of lifting loads, it has few moving parts, which may only require lubrication.
This lift table raises the load smoothly to any desired height. The scissor lift

can be used in combination with any of the previously mentioned

application, i.e. hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical. In order to reduce the
inadequacies of the devices mentioned above, a scissors mechanism is
proposed. This mechanism is incorporated with a power screw and the top of
the scissors is attached a table platform. This device will make use of the
power generated from a power screw to raise or lower a platform manually.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to design a scissors lifting device that can be used in
the
automobile sector. The design conditions are to meet the following
specifications;
a) The device is limited to an average load of 10 kg
b) The device will have a maximum lift of 70 cm
c) This objective is desirable to be achieved through the rotation of the
screw to raise or lower the scissor platform.
d) The system must be operated on a flat surface.

Regulated Power Supply

Power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains to a suitable low voltage supply
for electronic circuits and other devices. A power supply can be broken down into a series of
blocks, each of which performs a particular function.
For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks has its own function as described below

1. Transformer steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
2. Rectifier converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.
3. Smoothing smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.
4. Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Each of the blocks has its own function as described below:
1 Transformer steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC. The
step down transformer of 12-0-12, 750mA will be used in our project.
2 Rectifier converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. The ripple
factor of Bridge rectifier is than the other rectifier circuits. So here in our
project we will use bridge rectifier to convert the AC into DC.
3 Smoothing smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. A
electrolytic capacitor of 1000uF/50V will be used as a filter/smoothing
circuit to get pure DC.
4 Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. There
are two types of regulator series. First is positive voltage regulator series
(78XX) and second is negative voltage regulator series (79XX). In our
project we need positive voltage (+5V) so we will use 7805 to regulate the
voltage.
Transformer
Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of
power. Transformers work only with AC and this is one of the reasons why mains
electricity is AC. The two types of transformers

 Step-up transformers increase voltage,

Step-down transformers reduce voltage.
Most

power supplies

use a

dangerously high mains

voltage (230V in UK)

input coil is called the

There

transformer to reduce the

to a safer low voltage. The

primary and the output coil is called the secondary.

is no electrical

linked by an

step-down

connection between the two coils, instead they are

alternating

magnetic

field created

in the soft-iron core of the

transformer. The two lines in the middle of the circuit symbol represent the core.
Transformers waste very little power so the power out is (almost) equal to the power in.
Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up. The ratio of the number of
turns on each coil, called the turn ratio, determines the ratio of the
voltages. A step-down transformer has

a large number of turns on its primary

(input) coil which is connected to the

high voltage mains supply, and a small

number of turns

Turns Ratio =

And

on its secondary (output) coil to give a low output voltage.

=

Power Out = Power In

Vs Is

= Vp Ip

Where
Vp = primary (input) voltage
Np = number of turns on primary coil
Ip = primary (input) current
Ns = number of turns on secondary coil
Is = secondary (output) current
Vs = secondary (output) voltage

Bridge Rectifier
A bridge rectifier can be made using four individual diodes, but it is also available in special
packages containing the four diodes required. It is called a full-wave rectifier because it uses all
AC wave (both positive and negative sections). 1.4V is used up in the bridge rectifier because
each diode uses 0.7V when conducting and there are always two diodes conducting, as shown in
the diagram below. Bridge rectifiers are rated by the maximum current they can pass and the
maximum reverse voltage they can withstand (this must be at least three times the supply RMS
voltage so the rectifier can withstand the peak voltages). In this alternate pairs of diodes conduct,
changing over the connections so the alternating directions of AC are converted to the one
direction of DC.

OUTPUT Full-wave Varying DC

SMOOTHING
Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC supply
to act as a reservoir, supplying current to the output when the

varying DC voltage from the rectifier is falling. The diagram shows the unsmoothed varying DC
(dotted line) and the smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak of
the varying DC, and then discharges as it supplies current to the output.

Note that smoothing significantly increases the average DC voltage to almost the peak value (1.4
RMS value). For example 6V RMS AC is rectified to full wave DC of about 4.6V RMS (1.4V
is lost in the bridge rectifier), with smoothing this increases to almost the peak value giving 1.4
4.6 = 6.4V smooth DC.
Smoothing is not perfect due to the capacitor voltage falling a little as it discharges, giving a
small ripple voltage. For many circuits a ripple which is 10% of the supply voltage is satisfactory
and the equation below gives the required value for the smoothing capacitor. A larger capacitor
will give fewer ripples. The capacitor value must be doubled when smoothing half-wave DC.
Smoothing capacitor for 10% ripple, C = 5 Io
Vs f
Where
C = smoothing capacitance in farads (F)
Io = output current from the supply in amps (A)
Vs = supply voltage in volts (V), this is the peak value of the unsmoothed DC
F = frequency of the AC supply in hertz (Hz), 50Hz in the UK

REGULATOR

Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5, 12 and 15V) or variable output
voltages. They are also rated by the maximum current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators
are available, mainly for use in dual supplies. Most regulators include some automatic protection
from excessive current (overload protection') and overheating (thermal protection'). Many of
the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads and look like power transistors, such as the 7805 +5V
1A regulator shown on the right. They include a hole for attaching a heat sink if necessary.

Working of Power Supply

Transformer

The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC motors. It
is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a smoothing
capacitor.

 Transformer + Rectifier

The varying DC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and standard motors. It is not suitable for
electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing

The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic circuits.

 Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

LM7805

D1

1N4007

VIN VOUT

J1

3
2
1

1000uf

D2

gnd
D3

GN
D

D4

The regulated DC output

is very smooth with no
ripple. It is suitable for
all electronic circuits.

Regulated
Power
Supply Layout

+5V

LIMITING DEFLECTION IN SCISSOR LIFT

Selecting a lift with design capacity greater than required for the application;
most scissor lift design for duty at higher capacities will experience less
stress in all structural components as well as lower system pressures, at
lower, working capacities. Reduced stresses and pressure always result in
reduced deflection.
Avoid transfer of load within the first 20% of lift travel: To minimize stress
and deflection, at transfer elevations, it is critical to design the conveyor or
transfer system
to ensure that these elevations are above the scissor lifts critical zone of
the first 20% of the lift available travel.

Transfer load over fixed end of the lift platform: First if possible, load should
not be transfer over the sides of a raised scissor lift is much more difficult to
control deflection when the load is not shared equally between the two
scissor legs pairs. Load transfer should be made over the hinge or fixed end
of the lift platform to avoid placing concentrated load on the less supported,
over hung end of the platform, provided the platform is equipped with
trapped roller or is otherwise capable of withstanding this edge loading
without risk of platform tipping up or losing contact with the rollers.
Ensure that the based frame is lagged down and fully supported:

First, base frame should be adequately attached to the surface on which they
are mounted. Base frame that are not bolted, welded or otherwise attached
to withstand the upward force created by the eccentric loading of the
platform will contribute to deflection by bending or moving while resisting
such forces. Bases must also be rigidly supported beneath the entire
perimeter of the frame in order to withstand without deflection on the four
point loads imposed upon the frame from above by the four scissor-legs. Two
moving roller and two fixed hinge points.

SUMMARY OFDEFLECTION
Although, there are few literatures on the design of scissors lift, this chapter
has highlighted the features and constraints in the design and fabrication of
a prototypeunit. ANSI MH29.1 accurately points out that it is the
responsibility of the user/purchaser to advise the manufacturer where
deflection may be critical to the application. It has been noted that there are
industrial best practices which can be applied to reduce the impact or
amount of deflection being experience.

INPUT SPECIFICATIONS

Research carried out in the automobile industry reveals that one of the
heaviest components of the automobile car is the car engine which is of

average weight of 272 kg. By this factor, our control weight would be 280 kg
for safer design of the scissor lift table platform for assembly purposes in the
auto industry.

Switch
A switch is used in order to start or stop the entire operation of the screw jack. The type of switch
that is used is known as a toggle switch. A toggle switch is a class of electrical switches that are
manually actuated by a mechanical lever, handle, or rocking mechanism.
Toggle switches are available in many different styles and sizes, and are used in countless
applications. Many are designed to provide, e.g., the simultaneous actuation of multiple sets of
electrical contacts, or the control of large amounts of electric current or mains voltages.
The word "toggle" is a reference to a kind of mechanism or joint consisting of two arms, which
are almost in line with each other, connected with an elbow-like pivot. However, the phrase
"toggle switch" is applied to a switch with a short handle and a positive snap-action, whether it
actually contains a toggle mechanism or not. Similarly, a switch where a definitive click is heard,
is called a "positive on-off switch".

Function
The basic function of a screw jack is to lift a portion of a vehicle. Typically this is used to change
a tire although other maintenance is sometimes performed.

Features
All jacks have safety features to protect the user from accidental injury. Wide bases help to
stabilize a jack and prevent tilting or sinking into soft soil. Most car jacks also come equipped
with their own handle or cranking mechanism, but alternately many of these also will accept the
flat end of a tire tool to jack up a vehicle. When in the extended position, jacks will have a stop
point that prevents the user from overextending the jack beyond its rated capabilities. When in

the contracted position, jacks that are provided by the manufacturer will have a storage area
specially formed or designed for the jack to rest in when not in use.

APPLICATIONS OF SCISSOR LIFT

Shopping malls (Big Bazar, Vishal Megamart, etc)

Library
Paper Printing
Wood working

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION

CONCLUSIONS
The design of a portable work platform elevated by the turning effect of a
horizontal screw spindle was carried out successfully meeting the required
design standards. The portable work platform is operated by turning a handle
attached to the horizontal spindle. The scissor lift is only for average load,
because the higher the load the higher the effort required. The screw
operated scissor lift is simple in use and does not require much maintenance.
For the present dimension we get a lift of 70cm, the scissor lift can lift a load
of 10kg. The main constraint of this device is its high initial cost, but has a
low operating cost. The shearing tool should be heat treated to have high
strength. The device affords plenty of scope for modifications for further
improvements and operational efficiency, which should make it commercially
available and attractive. Hence, it should have a wide application in
engineering industries and not just automotive industry alone. Thus, it is
recommended for the engineering industry and for commercial production.

RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that the screw and thread should be lubricated frequently
so as to reduce the amount of effort required to operate the system. This
also reduces the amount of wear between the screw and the nut. It is also
suggested that the spindle and nut should not be exposed to moisture so
that it would not be susceptible to corrosion thereby reducing.