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2
5
and
5
2
2
5
and n =
5
2
m+n =
x2 (m + n) x + mn = 0
x2
29
x+1=0
10
10x2 29x + 10 = 0
149
2 5
x
5 2
4 + 25
10
2
5
+
=
5
2
29
10
mn = 1
= 3+2 5 +32 5
m+n = 6
Product of the roots = mn
= (3 + 2 5 ) (3 2 5 )
= (3)2 (2 5 )2
= 9 20
mn = 11
2
x (m + n) x + mn = 0
x2 6x 11 = 0
Example 4 : If m and n are the roots of equation x2 3x + 1 = 0 find the value
1 1
+
m n
Consider the equation
x2 3x + 1 = 0
This is in the form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
The coefficients are
a = 1, b = 3, c = 1
Let m and n are the roots
b
=
a
m + n = 3
i)
ii)
c
a
mn =
1
1
(3)
= 3
1
m + n =
mn = 1
= mn (m + n)
= 1(3) = 3
(ii)
1
1
+
m
n
n+m
m+n
=
=
mn
mn
1
1
+
= 3
m
n
150
3
1
a = 1, b = 3, c = 4
m + n =
b
(3)
=
a
1
m + n = 3
mn =
c
4
=
a
1
mn = 4
= (mn)2
= 42
m2n2 = 16
Example 6 : If one root of the equation x2 6x + q = 0 is twice the other, find the
value of q
Consider the equation x2 6x + q = 0
This is in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
The coefficients are a = 1, b = 6, c = q
Let the m and n are the roots
b
(6)
=
a
1
m+n=6
m+n =
151
c
q
=
a
1
mn = q
mn =
We know that q
q
q
q
q
=
=
=
=
=
6
3
mn
m(2m)
2m2
2(2)2
8
m = 2
q = 8
mn =
c
a
k +3
1
mn = k + 3
Since m and n are the roots, and one root is zero then
m = m and n = 0
mn = k + 3
m(0) = k + 3
0 = k + 3
k = 3
152
Exercise : 5.8
A. Form the equation whose roots are
1) 3 and 5
2) 6 and 5
3) 2 and
5) 2 + 3 and 2 3
3
2
4)
2
3
and
3
2
6) 3 + 2 5 and 3 2 5
B.
1) If m and n are the roots of the equation x2 6x + 2 = 0 find the value of
i) (m + n) mn
ii)
1
1
+
m
n
2) If a and b are the roots of the equation 3m2 = 6m + 5 find the value of
i)
a b
+
b a
3) If p and q are the roots of the equation 2a2 4a + 1 = 0 Find the value of
i) (p + q)2 + 4pq
ii) p3 + q3
p
q
and
q
p
5) Find the value of k so that the equation x2 + 4x + (k + 2) = 0 has one root equal
to zero.
6) Find the value of q so that the equation 2x2 3qx + 5q = 0 has one root which
is twice the other.
7) Find the value of p so that the equation 4x2 8px + 9 = 0 has roots whose
difference is 4.
8) If one root of the equation x2 + px + q = 0 is 3 times the other prove that 3p2 = 16q
Graphical method of solving a Quadratic Equation
Let us solve the equation x2 4 = 0 graphically,
x2 4 = 0
x2 = 4
let y = x2 = 4
y = x2
and y = 4
153
y = x2
x=0
x=1
x=2
x = 1
x = 2
y = 02
y = 12
y = 22
y = (1)2
y = (2)2
y=0
y=1
y=4
y=1
y=4
x = +2
or
x = 2
3 = 1.7
x = 1.7
or
x = + 1.7
Example 2 : Draw a graph of y = x2 and y = 2-x and hence solve the equation
x2 + x 2 = 0
Step 1: Form the table of
corresponding values of
x and y satisfying the
equation y = x2
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(1, 1)
(1, 3)
(2, 0)
(2, 4)
(x, y)
(x, y)
x = 1
x = 2
(0, 0)
(1, 1)
(1, 1)
(2, 4)
(2, 4)
(0, 2)
(1, 3)
(2, 4)
(x, y)
(x, y)
x = 1
156
or
or
(1, 1) (2, 0)
x = 2
Method II :
(x, y)
(2, 0) (2, 4)
x = 1
or
x = 2
Exercise : 5.9
A.
B.
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
3)
C.
Solve graphically
1) x2 + x 12 = 0
4) x2 + x 6 = 0
7
3
1 2
x and find the value of 10
2
2) x2 5x + 6 = 0
5) 2x2 3x 5 = 0
157
3) x2 + 2x 8 = 0
6) 2x2 + 3x 5 = 0