Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mirai
(launched December 15, 2014)
370 cells
Power generation
Hydrogen
Air
Electron Electron
H2
Anode
Proton
H+
eO2
Separator
Separator
e-
Catalyst layer
Thickness: tens of m*
Platinum
nanoparticle
Power generation
Hydrogen
Air
Electron Electron
H2
Anode
proton
H+
eO2
H 2O
Separator
Separator
e-
Carbon
Diameter: tens of nm
*2: 1 nm (nanometer) is 1 billionth of 1 meter
Platinum
nanoparticle
Platinum nanoparticle
Size: several nm
Platinum
atoms
Diameter:
0.28 nm
Carbon
tens of nm
Carbon
Anode
Hydrogen
H2
10
Oxygen
O2
Ion-conducting polymer
Proton
H+
Platinum
nanoparticle
Electron
eCarbon
Ion-conducting polymer
Water
H2O
Proton
H+
Electron
eCarbon
Platinum
nanoparticle
11
A. Initial phase
e-
H+
O2
cathode
polymer
membrane
H2O
H2
anode
O2
Separator
cathode
polymer
membrane
e-
eH+
H2
anode
Driving time
Separator
e-
Decreased
power
generation
Air
Hydrogen
B. Decreased voltage
B. Decreased voltage
Water
Cell voltage
A. Initial phase
A. Initial phase
Platinum
nanoparticle state
(1000 platinum atoms)
:platinum atoms
Size
Reaction surface
(surface area)
Small
Large
Large
Small
High reactivity
Low reactivity
12
13
B. Voltage decrease
Platinum
nanoparticle state
(1000 platinum atoms)
:platinum atoms
Observation
Size
Reaction surface
(surface area)
Small
Large
Large
Small
High reactivity
Low reactivity
Lactic acid
bacterium
Hair
Water flea
15
Bee
Diameter
(100,000th
of 1 m)
(10,000th of 1
m)
(1000th of
1 m)
(100th of 1 m)
(tenth of 1 m)
Naked eye
Platinum
atom
0.28 nm
Platinum
nanoparticle
Several nm
Optical microscope
Carbon
tens of nm
Electron microscope
Source: Japan Analytical Instruments Manufacturers Association website
Optical
microscope
Light source: light rays
16
Platinum
nanoparticle
Electron source
light source
(lamp)
Condenser lens
Illumination lens
(electron lens)
Specimen
Objective lens
Projective lens
Platinum atom
Image
Source: Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Become a friend of TEM
1 nm
17
A. Initial phase
Distribution
of platinum nanoparticles
by number and size
Number
Coarsening
A. Initial
phase
10
B. Decreased
voltage
nm
B.
decreased
voltage
B.During
Decreased
voltage
Small
B. Decreased voltage
Driving time
Large
Size
10 nm
10
A. Initial phase
nm
B. Decreased voltage
Platinum
nanoparticle
Process
is unclear
Carbon
10 nm
18
10
A. Initial phase
Platinum
nanoparticle
nm
B. Decreased voltage
Real-time observation
of behavior during a
chemical reaction
Carbon
19
20
Cathode
Anode
3m
Hydrogen
H2
Oxygen
O2
Ionconducting polymer
Proton
H+
Platinum
nanoparticle
Electron
eCarbon
Chemical reaction: H2 2H+ + 2e-
Transmission electron
microscope
Observation on
nanometer/atomic level
Ionconducting polymer
Water
H2O
Proton
H+
Electron
eCarbon
Platinum
nanoparticle
Requirements for
observation by
transmission electron
microscope
Electron beam
Several mm
3m
Sample
Lens
Observation
22
Several
100 nm
Generally, samples
must have thickness
of several 100 nm or
smaller
e-
General catalyst
evaluation method
Use two electrodes
and electrolyte to
produce a chemical
reaction
Counter
electrode
Cathode
Oxygen
O2
Ion-conducting polymer
Ionconducting
polymer
Water
Water
H2O
Proton
H+
Separator
O2
cathode
polymer
membrane
H2
Thickness:
of m
m
Thickness:tens
10s of
eH+
anode
Separator
Fuel cell
Catalyst layer
Catalyst
layer
Air
Hydrogen
Electron
eCarbon
H2O
Platinum
nanoparticle
Working
electrode
Ion-conducting polymer
Oxygen
(dissolved in electrolytes)
Proton
Water
Catalyst sample
(electron)
Carbon
Platinum
nanoparticle
24
working
electrode
Several
hundred nm
Electrode
50m
6 mm
200m
SiN
Platinum and carbon
Electrode
SiN
Electrolyte
Several
hundred nm
4.5 mm
25
0 sec.
337 sec.
620 sec.
50 nm
26
337 sec.
620 sec.
Coarsening
50 nm
Carbon
Voltage
Start
Acceleration
and
deceleration
Driving conditions
Voltage
Voltage changes
Materials
Carbon type
Platinum
nanoparticle size
Idling
High load
Analyze
relationship
Time
27
28
29