THE

NUMISMATIC
CHRONICLE
AND

ROYAL

JOURNAL

OF

NUMISMATIC

THE
SOCIETY

Edited by
JOHN WALKER
F.S.A.
M.A.,
D.LITT.,F.B.A.,
Museum
Keeper
ofCoins
, British
E. S. G. ROBINSON
F.S.A.
C.B.E.,
M.A.,
D.LTT.,
F.B.A.,
and
C. H. V. SUTHERLAND
M.A.,
D.LITT.,F.S.A.
Museum
Keeper
ofCoins
, Ashmolean
SEVENTHSERIES
VolumeI
PRICE FOUR POUNDS

LONDON
THE

ROYAL

NUMISMATIC
1961

SOCIETY

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THE

COINAGE

OF

DIDIUS

JULIANUS

AND

FAMILY1
PLATES
VI-X]
[SEE

HIS

The reignof Marcus Didius SeverusJulianuswas evenshorterthan

thatofPertinax,lastingabout 66 daysas against87, and was no less
violentin its ending.Like his predecessor,Didius was at once confrontedwiththeproblemof findingthe cash promisedto securethe
episodeof the
supportof thePraetorianguard.Afterthedisgraceful
auctionof the empireat theircamp,he triedto solve it byreducing
theweightofhis coinage- thegold by about 6 percent,thesilverby
about 8 percent,and the sestertius
by about 18 percent.2Moreover,
or inducedthe emperor,to
his wifeand daughterwere permitted,
have theirportraitsas Augustaeon coins of all threemetals; and
of Pertinaxis thestrict
fromthecurrency
anotherpointof difference
limitationof thereversetypesused on all metalsalike,namelythree
for Didius and one each forhis wifeand daughter.His own were
ConcordiaMilitum
, Concordholdingtwo standardsor an aquila and
a standard;thetraditionaltypeof Fortuna,restingherrighthand on
a rudder,withthelegendP#M*TRP* COS; and thefamiliartypeof
the emperorstandingwith orb and book-roll,but with the new
legend RECTOR ORBIS. His wife'sreversetypeis Junowithher
peacock and legendIVNO REGINA and his daughter'sis Hilaritas
holdinga longpalmand a cornucopiae,withthelegendHILARITAS
TEMPORVM, abbreviated.
Beforewe considerthesein detailwe mustpause to considerMr.
into
He dividestheissuesofDidius himself
classification.
Mattingly's
the
or
includes
two groupsaccordingas theobverselegendexcludes
on
coins
name SEVERVS, and believes that it is included only
belongingto the last phase of his reign,while Didius was striving
to come to some agreementwithSeptimiusSeveruswho
desperately
thepossibility
was advancinginforceagainstRome.3Whilstadmitting
1 I regret
ofthatonTheCoinage
incontinuation
thatthisarticle,
pubofPertinax
inlastyear's
forinsertion
intime
couldnotbecompleted
inNC 1957,
lished
84-96,
material:
useofsomeadditional
metomake
enabled
Thedelay
volume.
has,however,
andin the
at Munich,
atTheHague,
inthecollections
castsofpieces
inparticular,
tothekindhelpofMmeZadoks-Jitta,
I amindebted
forwhich
Ashmolean
Museum,
andI havealsoto thank
andDr. ColinKraayrespectively:
Dr. H. Kthmann,
inthe
ofDidiusJulianus
finesestertius
forcastsofthe
DonaldAtkinson
Professor
8 Ibid.lxx.
2
BMCREv,xixif.
Cirencester.
Corinium
Museum,

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72

A. M. WOODWARD

thaton thelargeflansof the sestertiiroomwas foundforthe additional name fromthe outset,he prefersthe view thatthe dupondii
and otherissues whichomitthe name Severusrepresentan earlier
is followedin theB.M. Catalogue,withthe
issue. This arrangement
'
firstmainissue (dated as March28 to nearend of May') consisting
of gold,silver,and dupondiionly,and thesecond,shortissue ('near
thoseaureion whichSeverus
end of May to earlyJune')comprising
The issues in all three
sestertii.
all
the
and
in
the
legend,
appears
metalsforthe Imperialladies werepresumablymintedthroughout
boththeseperiods.
thistheoryis supportedbytheevidence
It is naturalto ask whether
an easiertask in thiscase thanwiththe dies of Perof die-analysis,
tinax,forI have foundonlyfiveobversedies in all fortheaurei.One
oftheseis drapedand cuirassed,and adds SEVER to thelegend;two
are drapedonly;one has slightdraperyon theleftshoulder;and one
is laureate,undraped.1This last is apparentlythecommonest,forit
is foundwithall threereversetypes;thatwithSEVER is foundwith
two,and theotherthreeseemto be foundwitha singlereversetype
only. Of reversedies I can trace only ten in all two of Concord
Fortuna
type.2The contrast
Milit,twoof RectorOrbisand six of the
Pertinaxneeds no
the
aurei
of
of the dies for
withthe multiplicity
illustration.
further
The sestertii,
which,as we have seen,Mr. Mattinglyproposesto
dateto thelastthreeweeks(at most)of Didius' reign,proveto have
no less thaneighteenobversedies, of whichonlyone is drapedand
cuirassed.3Unlike the arrangementrecognizedfor the sestertiiof
Pertinax,mostof thesedies appear to have been used withonlyone
availableshowthatthisis trueof 13
reversetype,fordetailshitherto
reversetypes,and one
different
with
two
are
found
of the 18; four
I
have
traced12 forConcord
dies
reverse
Of
these
onlywithall three.4
This is surelya surOrbis.
10
for
Rector
and
for
Fortuna,
Milit,14
or threeweeksof
last
two
to
the
attribute
of
dies
to
number
prising
of
this
further
and
the
Didius' reign;
theory,thatuntil
implication
consistedof
in
circulation
name
his
Aes
the
then
bearing
only
thatwhile
we
realize
when
to
is
difficult
accept,especially
dupondii,
is
reverse
seven
the Fortuna-type(representedby
dies) relatively
1 Seebelow,
dies
nos.
1-7
PI.
76
and
1,
3,
4). 8
(obv.
VI,
p.
2 Seebelow,
Seebelow,
p. 78f.
p. 77.
4 Concord
Urbis
nos.
no.11;Fortuna
8, 12,15,18;Rector
Militonly,
4,
5,
only,
nos.
MilitandFortuna;
nos.2,7, 10,14,16,17.No.6 is shared
byConcord
only,
rev.types.
allthree
Orbis
MilitandRector
; no.3 isusedwith
1,9,13byConcord

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 73

rare.1
areextremely
common,theothertwotypesofthisdenomination
Moreover,if the Aes coinage of Manlia Scantillaand Didia Clara
had been mintedfromthe beginningof the reign,as we have no
reasonto doubt,we shouldhave to recognizethe unlikelysituation
thatit faroutnumbered
and overshadowedthatoftheemperor,until
nearlytheend ofhisreign.As imperialpropaganda,thiswouldseem
incredibly
inept.
Anotherpointworthmentionseemsto tellagainstthisview: seeing
thattheonlydie of thedrapedand cuirassedbustof Pertinaxon his
firstissue,2we mightreasonably
sestertiibelongsto his short-lived
ascribethe singledie of Didius witha similarbustto an earlystage
of his reign.As, however,it is associatedwithtwo of the threereversetypes,and thedies of two of theexamplesof RectorOrbisare
foundalso coupled withthenormallaureatebusts,we mayclaimit
as beingmerelytheearliestdie oftheregularissue.This mightjustify
the suggestionthat for both these emperorsthe draped bust also
markstheearliestissue of theaurei,withtheadditionof a cuirassto
thedraperyof Didius, implying
thatas theyowed theiraccessionto
in uniform,
so to speak,on
the soldierstheychose to be represented
theirfirstissues.This wouldmeanthattheinitialissuesbothof aurei
and sestertiiof Didius includedthe name Severuson the obverse,
whileit was omittedfromthe denariiand dupondiisimplyforlack
of space; and that the crowdingof the legend on these aurei was
to theirvalue as
and therefore
foundto be an obstacleto legibility,
propaganda. Hence the omissionof Severusfromthe later issue,
whetherwithhisbustdrapedor laureate,was plannedas a deliberate
improvement.
A fewwordsmustsuffice
forthecoinageof Manlia Scantillaand
Didia Clara: fortheaureioftheformer
I knowof onlythreeobverse
and fivereversedies, and for the latterfourand six respectively.3
The curiousinconsistency
in the divisionof theirnames,sometimes
but
after, occasionallybefore,theN of Scantillaand beforeor (more
commonly)afterthefirstA in Clara, meetsus again on thesestertii.
Theirgold coinsare,infact,veryrare,but theirsestertii
unexpectedly
forwe can,I think,distinguish
common,tojudge bythedie-varieties,
notless than16 obversedies and 10 reversesforScantilla,and 14 and
con14 respectively
forDidia Clara. This leads us to the surprising
clusionthatthe sestertiiof the imperialladies withan approximate
1 Forthese
rev.diesseep. 86f.
' Seebelow,
2 NC 1957,
Pl.IX. 1,2 andp. 93.
pp.76ff.

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74

A. M. WOODWARD

total of 30 obverseand 24 reversedies were producedin greater

quantitythanthoseof the emperorhimself,forwhomwe can only
claim 18 obversedies, thoughthe total of 36 reversestellsto some
extentin theotherdirection.
Thereis littleto add regarding
oftheAes
thesmallerdenomination
mintedfor these two ladies. The coin of Manlia Scantillain the
Fig. 1. Dies of Aurei

1
2
3
4
5

Mani.ScanDidiaClara
DidiusJulianus
tilla
Concord
Hilar
Rector
Juno
Milit
Fortuna
Orbis
Regina
Tempor
A
1
B
AB
1
AB
A
2
2
C
C
3
DE
3
A
CDF
D
E
4
B
BCE F
B
Fig. 2. Dies of Sestertii

DidiusJulianus
Concord
Rector
Milit
Fortuna
Orbis
1
AFK
(?)
2
DK
A
K
3
A
4
5
GHP
6 B CK M
N
7
..
..
8
BCDEK
M
9 ABEFN
10
11 BEFGH
12
A CD H
13 B D G K
LM(?)
14
15
..
CDF
16
17
18
BDKLO

D
AG
C
BD
..
C
E
CF GL
BF H

Mani.Scantilla
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

DidiaClara
Hilar
Juno
Regina
Tempor
A
1CDEH
ABD
2ABCD(?)
EHLN
AC
3 BCDHL
4 ABMO
ACF(?)
AL
5
KM
C
G
6
CF
7
E
C
AN
8

9
10
11
12
13

GK
C
C
G
BG

9
10
11
12
13

BCL
F
KL
AGH
ABL

14
15
16

BC E
C
F

14

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 75

BritishMuseum{BMCRE v, no. 37; pl. 4, 9) is apparentlyfromthe
same dies as one at Glasgow and two better-preserved
examples
(Walters-WebbSale Cat., Hess 211, Lucerne,9.5.1932,no. 1104,and
one at Vienna),whichshowthattheobverselegendis MANL.SCAN
TILLA AVG, and not MANLIA as read by Mattingly.The weight
of theViennapiece(11-5gm.)seemsto provethattheseare dupondii,
and in any case it is unlikelythattheyare Asses seeingthatno Asses
ofDidius arerecorded.To thesingleexampleofa dupondiusofDidia
Clara (Coh. 5, cf. BMCRE v, p. 18) I am unable to add any others.
Finally,ifwe ask whatlightthesestatisticsfortheissuesof these
tworeignsshedon thequestionoftheofficinae
and theirorganization,
the answermustbe thatitis nota veryclear light,but it helpsto remove at least one misconception.
This is thatwe have definiteevidence forfiveofficinae
only,as Mattinglycame to concludeforthe
gold and silverof Pertinaxand Didius alike,1each beingresponsible
for one reversetype (including,naturally,those for the wifeand
daughterof the latter).This view seemshard to reconcilewiththe
mass of evidencefortheinterchange
of obversedies,and ifwe reject
it we should be leftwithoutgood groundsforthe conclusionthat
theynumberedfive.If, however,we retainit we are forcedto admit
that underDidius the numberof officinaeat work underhis predecessorhad beenreducedto five.In viewof Mattingly'
s conclusions
reachedfromhis masterlyanalysisof theDorchesterhoard2thatsix
officinae
can be recognizedat workin themid-third
we may
century,
reasonablyacceptthisfigureas a workinghypothesisuntilit is disproved,ifever,forthecoinagewhichI have been discussing.If then
therewerepossiblysix in thisyearA.D. 193,can we pointto anysupportingevidence?The recurrenceof the numbereighteenfor the
obversedies of the aurei and sestertiiof Pertinax,as well as forthe
sestertiiof Didius, and perhapsof six onlyfortheirrespectivedupondii, takes on a new significance.
Supposing,for instance,that
underPertinaxeach officina
was responsibleforthreedies each for
aurei and sestertiiand fora less easilydefinablenumberof reverse
dies, we could regardthisas a logical system,whichwould gain in
ifwe could classifyour portraitsinto groupsof three(or
credibility
we could recognizecertaindefiniterepossiblysix). And if further
thiswould
semblancesin portrait-style
betweenaurei and sestertii,
the
to
solve
and
problemof whether
simplify
progress, perhapshelp
A close studyof such
a die-cutter
workedformorethanone officina.
2 NC 1939,
1 BMCREv,XXV.
21-61,
esp.46-55.

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76

A. M. WOODWARD

detailsas the treatment

of the beard,the patternof the truncation,
and the arrangement
of the knotand the ends of the wreathmight
resultsboth for Pertinaxand Didius; whilstfor
yield significant
of expressiontoManlia Scantillaand Didia Clara the differences
hair
the
with
the
treatment
of
the
and
gether
draperyshouldbe a help
towardsdistinguishing
theworkof different
Apartfroma
engravers.
fewtentativesuggestions
I mustleave thistaskto others.1
CATALOGUE OF DIES
In thefollowing
listsI repeatthesystem
usedfortheobversediesin my
studyofthecoinsofPertinax
(NC 1957,91 ff.),namelyto citewherepossiblespecimens
inBMCRE v,andfortheothersto refer
illustrated
preferI have
For thesakeof completeness
ablyto well-known
sale-catalogues.
addedseparate
listsoftheobverseandreverse
diesalikeforaurei,sestertii,
and dupondii.
ObverseDies. I. AUREI
(a) Didius Julianus
1. Bust r., laureate,draped,cuirassed:IMP CAES.M.DID SEVER.
IVLIAN AVG: BMCRE v, 9, pl. 3, 11 ( ConcordMilit, die A)
[Pl. VI. 1]; (Fortunastg.,dieB) [Pl. VI. 2].
2. As above: IMP CAES M.DID IVLIAN.AVG (Fortunastg.,die A)
[Pl.VI. 3].
3. As above,butlightdrapery,
without
cuirass:legendas on no. 2, but
withno stops(RectorOrbis
, dieA).
4. As above, withlightdraperyon 1. shoulder:legendas on no. 3.
BMCRE v, 5, pl. 3, 8 (Fortunastg.,die D) [Pl. VI. 4].
5. Bustr., laur.only:IMP CAES M DID IVLIAN.AVG, BMCRE v,
1,pl. 3, 5 (ConcordMilit, die B) [Pl. VI. 5]; ibid.4, pl. 3, 7 (Fortuna
stg.,dieB) [Pl.VI. 6]; also ditto,diesC [Pl.VI. 7],E, F ; RectorOrbis,
die B [Pl. VI. 8].
(b) Manlia Scantilla
1. Bustr., draped:MANL SCAN TILLA. AVG, BMCRE v, 10,pl. 3,
13 (JunoRegina
, dieA); ditto(dieB), Paris[Pl. VI. 9].
2. As above,but MANL., &c. (JunoRegina,die C): Montagu(Paris,
1896),463.
1 OftheaureiofPertinax
illustrated
onNC1957,
Pl.X,nos.1and4 showportraits
which
ofthesamedie-cutter.
Thesameispossibly
true
ofnos.2
maywellbethework
and8,andofnos.3,5 (?),and7. No.12hassomeresemblance
tothedraped
buston
thesestertii,
Pl.IX,1,2. Among
thesestertii
ofDidiusJulianus
theobv.diesofnos.
similar
a similar
alsonos.5, 15,and16form
7,9,and11seemtobeofvery
style;
andpossibly
nos.12,13,and17.
group,

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 77

3. As above,but MANL.SCA NTILLA AVG ( JunoRegina
, die D):
Hall (1950),1662[Pl. VI. 10]; ditto(dieE), Hess/Bank
Leu (Lucerne,
7.4.60),352.
(c) Didia Clara
1. Bust r., draped:DIDIA.CL ARA.AVG, BMCRE v, 13, pl. 3, 16
dieA) ; ditto,dieB.
( HilarTempor,
2. As above,butno stopafterDIDIA : {HilarTemp
or,die C) : Vierordt
(Schulman,
1923),1793.
3. As above,butDIDIA.CLA RA AVG: ditto(dieC), Paris[Pl. VI. 11];
also diesD andF.
4. As above,butno stops:ditto(dieE), Ryan(Glendining,
1951),1814.
ReverseDies. I. AUREI
(a) Didius Julianus
1. ConcordMilitA. (Eagle on standardin r. has head turnedto r.),
BMCRE v, 9, pl. 3, 11; also Bachofenv. Echt,1563(nowVienna);
Glasgow;ConsulWeber(Hirschxxiv,Munich,1909),1769(= Vierordt(Schulman,
1923),1785).
Ditto,B. (Eaglehas headturnedto 1.),BMCRE v, 1,pl. 3, 5; also
Montagu(Paris,1896),461.
2. Fortunastg.P.M.TR P. COS. A. (Tall rudder,withtop levelwith
Bachofen
v. Echt,1565(nowVienna).
topofM inlegend),
BMCRE v,4, pl. 3,7; also Paris,Cab. des
B. Ditto(shorter
rudder),
Mdailles,vitrine
, 272; De Quelen(Paris,1888),1262(= Hall (1950),
1657);Vienna.
withcurvedblades),Montagu(as
C. Ditto(ruddermoreupright,
above),462 (= ArsClassicaxviii(Lucerne,1938),299); also Copenhagen(pierced).
D. Ditto (tallerfigurethanon B and largerrudder;widespace
P and M), BMCRE v. 5, pl. 3, 8; also [Sir]J.E[vans]Sale
between
Cat. (Paris,1909),171.
withtopreaching
abovetopofM), unidentified
E. Ditto(tallrudder,
Sale Cat. (Paris?),217.
. A. (Lines of draperysomewhatstylized),Ponton
3. RectorOrbis
d'Amcourt
(Paris,1887),371 (= Sir ArthurEvans(Navilleiii, 1922), 81).
thanon A), Vienna(pierced).
B. Ditto(leftelbowmoreprominent
(b) Manlia Scantilla
. A. (LegenddividedIVNO R EGINA), BMCRE v, 10,pl.
JunoRegina
3, 13.

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78

A. M. WOODWARD
273
B. Ditto(IVNO.R E GINA), Paris,Cab. des Mdailles,vitrine
(= De Quelen(as above),1265).
fromface),
C. Ditto (legenddividedas on A, but R is further
Montagu(as above),463 (ex Du Chastel).
D. Ditto(IVNO.RE GINA), SirA. Evans (as above),82 (= Hall,
1662).
E. Ditto (legendas on D, but morespread;pateraoppositeO),
Leu (Lucerne,7.4.60),352.
Hess/Bank

(c) Didia Clara

A. (LegenddividedHILA R TEMPOR), BMCRE v, 13,
Hilar Tempor.
pl. 3, 16; also De Quelen(as above),1267;Hirschxxiv(1909),1779
(= ArsClassicaxviii(as above),300).
B. Ditto(legendas on A, butR and T closerto head and cornuMontagu(as above),464.
copiaeheldhigher),
C. Ditto(smaller
stopafterR aboveherhead),[Sir]J.Efvans]
figure,
Sale Cat. (as above),172(= Vierordt
(1923),1793= Ratto(Lugano,
Feb. 1928),3277).
D. Ditto (figuretallerthanon C, stopabove herhead),Bernent
(Navilleviii,1924),1147(= M. u. M, Basel,xvii,506).
E. Ditto (stop above head, T above cornucopiae),
Vogel (Hess,
Frankfurt
a. M., 1929),874(= ArsClassicaxvii,1530= Ryan(1950),
1814).
F. Ditto(legendspacedas onA andB; largercornucopiae,
touching
Leu (Lucerne,
E and M), Hess/Bank
7.4.60),353.
ObverseDies. II. SESTERTII
(a) Didius Julianus
theothersareall laureate.)
(No. 1 is laureate,drapedand cuirassed,
1. IMP CAES M DID SE VER IVLIAN AVG (no stops),BMCRE
v, 31 ( RectorOrbis
, S C, die F) [Pl. VIH. 1]; also diesA and K, and
Milit, S C (die ?), Coh. 4 (= Grau(Paris,1869),2489).
Concord
2. IMP.CAES.M.DID.S EVER.IVLIAN.AVG,BMCRE v, 29 (cf. RIC
iv. 1, pl. iii, 9) {RectorOrbis
, S C, die K) [PL VIH. 2]; also die D
(3 examples).
3. IMP CAES.M.DID SE VER.IVLIAN AVG, BMCRE v, 20,pl. 4, 1
Milit, S C, dieA); also Fortuna(die K) and RectorOrbis
( Concord
,
S C (dieD) [PL VIII. 3].
4. IMP CAES.M DID SE VER.IVLIAN.AVG,BMCRE v, 27, pl. 4,
2 (Fortuna,die A).

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 79

5. IMP CAES M DID. SE VER. IVLIAN.AVG,Bachofenv. Echt
(Vienna,1903)1567(Fortuna,dieG); also diesH and P.
6. IMP CAES M DID. SE VER IVLIAN AVG, BMCRE v, 26
dieN) [PLVII. 6]; also Concord
Milit,S C (diesB, C, K, M).
(Fortuna,
[Pl.VII. 5, die K].
7. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG, BMCRE v, 28,pl. 4, 3
(.RectorOrbis
, S C (dieA)) ; also die G (4 examples).
8. IMP CAES M DID.SEV ER IVLIAN AVG, Merzbacher
(Munich,
Nov. 1909),1764 (= Vierordt(Schulman,1923), 1787),(Fortuna,
dieB) ; also diesC, D, E, K, M.
.
9. IMP CAES M.DID.SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG,BMCRE v,22 ( Concord
23
VII.
also
dies
VII.
S
ibid,
die
2]
;
A,
v,
E)
[PL
C,
[PL
1]
;
Milit,
B)
(die
F andN [PLVII. 3]. AlsoRectorOrbis
, SC (dieC), Vogel(Hess,1929),
872.
10. IMP CAES M.DID.SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG, Mackerell(Sotheby,
, S C, dieB); also dieD.
1906),228 ( RectorOrbis
11. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER IVLIAN AVG (no stops) ( Concord
Milit, S C, dieB), Vienna;also diesE, F, G, H [Pl.VII. 4].
12. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG, Trau (Gilhoferu.
Ranschburg/Hess,
1935),1965(Fortuna,die A); also dies C, D, H
[Pl.VII. 7].
13. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER IVLIAN AVG (no stops),BMCRE v,
21 ( Concord
Milit, S C,dieK) ; alsodiesB, D, G, L [Pl.VID. 7, dieD].
Also RectorOrbis
, S C [Pl. VIII. 4] (die C), Vienna.
14. IMP CAES M.DID SEV ER IVLIAN AVG, R. Ratto (Lugano,
Orbis
, S C, dieE (= Otto(Hess,1932),1190)).
1925),1502CRector
15. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER.IVLIAN.AVG, Mzh. Basel 8 (1937),
848(Fortuna,dieD); also diesC and F [Pl. VIII. 8].
16. IMP CAES M DID SEV ER IVLIAN AVG (no stops),Levis
, S C, die C = Ryan(as above),2664);
(Navillexi),688 (RectorOrbis
also diesF, G, L [Pl. VIII. 5, dieL].
17. IMP CAES.M.DID SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG, BMCRE v, 30 (Rector
Orbis
, S C, die H) [Pl. VIII. 6]; also diesB and F.
18. IMP CAES.M.DID SEV ER IVLIAN AVG, BMCRE v, 24 (Fortuna,dieD) ; also ibid.25 (andtwoothers)(dieO) ; also diesK andL.
0b) Manlia Scantilla
1. Bustr., draped:MANLIA.SCAN TILLA.AVG, BMCRE v, 32, pl.
, S C, dieA).
4, 4 (JunoRegina
2. As above,butno stops:BMCRE v,33 (ditto,die B [Pl.IX. 1]); also
diesA and D.

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80

A. M. WOODWARD

3. As above,withstopsas on no. 1: BMCRE v, 34 (ditto,die C); also

dieA [Pl.IX. 2].
4. As above,withstop afterSCAN TILLA only:Fitzwilliam
(Christie's,1949),257(dieC); also diesA [Pl. IX. 3] andF (?).
5. As above,withstopas on no. 4 (?): Levis(Navillexi), 689 (die A);
also die L.
6. As above,withtwostopsas on nos. 1 and 3 : Nordheim
(Glendining,
3.12.29),387 (die C); also at least3 othersfromsamerev.die [PL
IX. 8].
7. As above,withtwostops: Mzh.Basel3,636(dieF) ; alsodieC.
8. As above,withtwostops(?): Mackerell(Sotheby,
1906),229 (dieC).
9. As above (stopsuncertain):
Eggerxliii(Vienna,1913),1322(die G);
also die K.
10. As above,without
stops:Ramonii (Bourgey,
1913),302 (die C).
11. As above,without
stops:Hess (Lucerne,15.2.34),704 (die C).
12. As above,withtwostops:ArsClassicaxvii,1529(die G).
13. As above,but MANL SCAN TILLA AVG: Schwing(M. Rattoiii,
3.12.32),614 (die G) [PL IX. 5]; fora betterexample,B. A. Seaby,
Bulletin
, Sept. 1960,W. D. Fergusoncoll. 792,pl. vii,6; also die B
[PL IX. 4].
14. As above,but MANLIA.SCA NTILLA.AVG: BMCRE v, 36,pl. 4,
5 (dieE) ; also diesB andC [PL IX. 6, dieC].
15. As above,withsamedivisions
oflegendand stops:Vierordt
i (1923),
1791(= Vierordt
ii (1930),482 (die C)).
16. As above,but MANLIA SC ANTILLA AVG: Bachofenv. Echt,
1570(nowVienna)(dieF) [PL IX. 7].
Note.I haveomitted
fromthislist,as beingsurely
a forgery,
thefollowing
piece: obv.MANL SCAN TILLA AVG: rev.as above: Merzbacher
(Munich,1909),1755; a secondexample,fromthe same dies (or
mould?),Hirsch(Munich)xxxi. 1488 (= S. Rosenberg72 (1932),
on obversecallsforthesameverdict.
1319),withspade-cut
(c) Didia Clara
1. Bust r., draped: DIDIA CLA RA.AVG, BMCRE v, 38, pl. 4, 6
(= RIC iv. 1,pl. iv,2) {HilarTempor
, S C, dieC); also ibid.40,pl. 4,
7, dieH. AlsodiesD [Pl. X. 1] andE.
2. As above,but stop also afterDIDIA: Mzh. Basel 8, 852 (die A);
also diesB, C, D (?), E, H, L, N [PL X. 2, dieN].
3. As above,withtwostops:Carfrae(Sotheby,
1901),164(dieD); also
diesB, C, H, L [PL X. 3, dieC].

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 81

4. As above,withstop afterDIDIA only: Ryan (Glendining,
1952),
2667(dieA); also diesB, M, O [Pl. X. 4, dieO].
5 As above,withtwo stops(?): Vierordt(1923), 1796 (die K); also
die M.
6. As above,withstopafterCLARA only(?): Glasgow(dieG).
7. As above,withno stops:Walters-Webb
(Hess,1932),1106(dieE).
8. As above,withstopafterDIDIA only:Sydenham
1951),
(Glendining,
221(dieA); also dieN [Pl.X. 5, dieA].
9. As above,withtwostops:Hall (Glendining,
1950),1664(dieB); also
diesC and L.
10. As above,withstopafterCLARA only:Morcom(Sotheby,1924),
134(dieF).
11. As above,withno stops(?): M. Rattoii (Paris,1932),214(2) (dieK);
also dieL.
12. As above,butwithlegenddividedDIDIA. CL ARA.AVG: Bachofen
v. Echt,1572(nowVienna)(dieA) [Pl.X. 6]; also diesG and H [Pl.
X. 8, obv.only].
13. As above, withsimilarlegendand stops: Levis (Navillexi), 690
(= Laughlin(Hess,1933),692) (die A); also diesB and L [Pl. X. 7,
die L].
ReverseDies. II. SESTERTII
(a) Didius Julianus
in 1.,head betweenR
A. (Aquilain r.,vexillum
.
S
C
Milit
A. Concord ,
and D.) BMCRE v, 20,pl. 4, 1; Walters-Webb
(Hess,211,Lucerne,
1932),1094.
B. (Lettersas on die A, S C highup.) BMCRE v, 22; Carfrae
Oxford
(Sotheby,1901),161; also Paris,The Hague,Copenhagen,
(2), Vienna.
thanvexillum.)Merzbacher
C. (O aboveaquila,whichis shorter
Oxford.
1763;
(Munich,2.11.1909),
Egger
D. (Similarstyleto die C, but smallerflanand lettering.)
xliii(Vienna,1913),1318(= Ratto(Lugano,12.5.25),1499= Bara(Milan,25.2.31),2294);Hess (Lucerne,15.2.34),703.
nowsky
E. (AquilabetweenO and R, D abovebackof headand touching
thanC infield.)BMCRE v,23; Mzh.Basel3, 630.
S higher
vexillum;
of
F. (Head eagleon aquila turnedto r.; squaretop to vexillum.)
Ars Classicaxvii(Lucerne,1934),1528(= Mzh. Basel8, 847); Ryan
1952),2662(nowA.M.W.);Vienna.
(Glendining,
G. (Two aquilae,smallishflan.)Trau (Gilhoferu. Ranschburg/
1949),251.
(Christie's,
Hess,Vienna,May,1935),1964;Fitzwilliam
G
B 9944

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82

A. M. WOODWARD

H. (Two aquilae,verysmalllettering.)
Ramon (Bourgey,Paris,
1913), 360 (= Ars Classica xiii (Lucerne,1928), 1376); Helbing
(Munich,April 1927), 1953 (= Oct. 1928,3696= June1929,427
= Prof.Prixcoll.,1931,866); Glasgow.
K. (S infieldbetween
shaftofaquilaandfigure
it.) BMCRE
holding
v. 21; The Hague(no. 5919,damaged).
L. (Aquilaand signum(?) bothveryshort,S C highup in field.)
Paris,Cab. desMdailles,3446;Vienna(2).
M. (Two vexilla,head betweenR and D whichare wideapart.)
A.N.S. (NewYork,exNewellcoll.);Oxford.(For N see p. 90.)
B. P M TrP Cos, S C. A. (Rudderrestson helmet,S C low down.)
BMCRE v, 27,pl.4, 2; Trau (1935),1965;Hirschxi (Munich,1904),
1001.
B. (Ruddermoreupright
thanon A, restson globe,S C verylow
down.) Merzbacher
(Munich,1909),1764(= Vierordt
(Amsterdam,
1923),1787);Paris,Cab. des Mdailles,3448; Hirschxxxi(Munich,
1912),1484;Vienna.
C. (Rudderon globe,tallerand moreslanting
thanon die B; tall
cornucopiae.)Hirschxxx(Munich,1911),1048(= Vautier(Naville
Historia
ii,Lucerne,
1922),1076= Ex Nummis
,iv,133);Mzh.Basel8,
848.
D. (R in frontof forehead,
P above largecornucopiae;no globe
underrudder;S C verylow down.) BMCRE v, 24; Glasgow;Cahn
a. M.), nos.61,944and75,1243;M. Rattoii (Paris,1932),
(Frankfurt
213.
E. (Stylesimilar
todieC, largeflan; Cat higher
levelthanS infield.)
Hirschxii(Munich,1904),592(= Eggerxliii(Vienna,1913),1319).
F. (R aboveforehead,
verysmallO.) Bement(Naville,viii,Lucerne,
a. M.), no. 71,520.
1924),1145;Cahn(Frankfurt
G. (R abovetopofhead,no stops.)Hall (Glendining,
1950),1659;
Bachofenv. Echt (Vienna,1903),1567; Copenhagen;The Hague
(no. 5922).
H. (Largeheavyletters
offorehead
; T infront
; R overcornucopiae.)
Hermann
Weber(Sotheby,
June1893),206(= 'Astronomer'
(McClean)
(Sotheby,
571,= Walters-Webb
13.6.1906),
(Hess,211,Lucerne,
1932),
1095); Bement(as above), 1144(= Laughlin(Hess, Lucerne,Dec.
a. M.), no. 96,Oct. 1932,933(=
1933),683); Hamburger
(Frankfurt
Mzh. Basel 3, 631 = Santamariaxvi (1937),656), now A.M.W.;
A.N.S. (NewYork,ex Newellcoll.); Vienna.
K. (Smallglobeunderrudder,
M levelwithfore-arm,
short,broad
tailofdrapery.)G. C. Hainescoll.(no. 1428);The Hague(nos.5920
and 5923).

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 83

L. (Small letters,R above back of head; smallishcornucopiae,
on handle.)Dissard(Bourgey,Paris,May
rudderwithcross-piece
1930),214; Glasgow(2: obv.dies8 and 18).
P abovecornucopiae,
S C lowdown.)Cahn
M. (R aboveforehead,
a. M.), nos. 54, 563 (= 60, 2003) = Helbing(Munich,
(Frankfurt
20.5.29),3886(== Prof.Prixcoll.,1931,867); Oxford.
headandcornucopiae,
S C very
N. (Smallslanting
rudder
; R between
low down.)BMCRE v, 26; Hazlitt(Sotheby,1909),179 (= Hirsch
XXX
(Munich,May 1911),1049).
headand cornucopiae,
S C low down.)
O. (Tall rudder;P between
BMCRE v,25; Oxford;Vienna;Martinetti
(Sambon-Canessa,
Rome,
(Munich,Nov. 1910),1862(= Lbbekeii
1907),2350; Merzbacher
a. M., 1926),1451);Van Hooff(Schulman,
Amster(Hess,Frankfurt
dam,Mar. 1949),583.(Allthesewithobv.die 18.)
R andP; S ofS C between
rudder
anddrapery
of
P. (Head between
figure.)Oxford.
C. RectorOrbis,S C. A. (Largeletters,
globebetweenC and T; stop
afterRector.)BMCRE v, 28,pl. 4, 3; Mzh.Basel3, 635; Vienna.
B. (Globe oppositeC; stop afterRector.)Mackerell(Sotheby,May
1906),228 (= Hirschxxx(Munich,1911),1050;= Luneau(Clement
Piatt,Paris,Mar. 1923),471); Fitzwilliam
(1949),253; Paris,Cab.
des Mdailles,3449;Cahn(Frankfurt
a. M.) no. 71,699 (= Helbing
= Prof.Prixcoll.,868); S. Rosenberg
no. 72, 1318.
C. (Globe as on die B, no stop afterRector.)Levis (Navillexi,
1914),414
1925),688(= Ryan(1952),2664);Helferich
(S. Rosenberg,
(= Navillexii (1926),2948);Hess no. 209 (1932),872.
R closeto forehead,
D. (Emperorleansforward;
C higherthanS
in field.)G. C. Hainescoll.,no. 1048;CharlesButler(Sotheby,
1911),
503(= Faur(Bourgey,
Dec. 1923),262),nowTheHague(no. 5929);
Sydenham
1941),219; Glasgow;Copenhagen.
(Glendining,
E. (Shortfigureof emperor;small letters,globe pointsto T.)
Ratto(Lugano,1925),1502(= Otto(Hess no. 207, 1932),1190).
F. (Globepointsto T, / oppositecentreofC.) BMCRE v, 31; Fitzwilliam254; Basel Museum(no. 1903,2189); Vienna;Eggerxxxviii
(Vienna,1912),1077; A.N.S. (NewYork); Corinium
Mus.,Cirencester.
G. (Globepointsto T,R touches
S
forehead,Chighup.) Fitzwilliam
The Hague(no. 5928);A.M.W.
252;Mzh.Basel3,364; Copenhagen;
H. (Globeas on die A; togareachesto ankles.)BMCRE v, 30.
K. (Smallishletters,
tall figure,
globeclose to T.) BMCRE v, 29
(= RIC iv,1,pl.iii,9); Hirschxxxi(Munich,1912),1487(= Lbbeke

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84

A. M. WOODWARD
ii (Hess,1926),1453);Bourgey(Dec. 1921),150; Schwing
(M. Ratto,
iii,Dec. 1932),607.
L. (Small oval globe,leftelbowbentsharply.)Glasgow;Hirsch
xviii(Imhoof-Blumer),
1052(= Hirschxxxiv,1232).
M. (Globepointsto C, R abovehead,bootswithprominent
flaps;
dieB, above.)Oxford.
closelyresembles

A.

B.

C.

D.
E.
F.

G.

H.

( b) Manlia Scantilla
IunoRegina
, S C. (Pateraslopesdown:peacock'shead,levelwithtop
BMCRE v, 32,pl. 4, 4;
ofS, turnedtowardsJuno;vertical
sceptre.)
Cantoni(Santamaria,
Rome,Nov. 1920),887 (= Levis (Navillexi,
Nov. 1937),232); also Glasgow;
1925),689 = Campion(Glendining,
TheHague(2); Paris,Cab. desMdailles,3451, 3452(tooled); Vienna,
and others.
(PateraoppositeN ; peacockwithlong legs and curlyneck; short
BMCRE v,33; Burel(Feuardent,
1913),563(= Mzh. Basel3,
sceptre.)
637); Bement(Navilleviii,1924),1146(= Laughlin(Hess,Lucerne,
Dec. 1933),689 = MayrHarting(Glendining,
1949),139); M. und
M. Basel, list,Aug. 1953,53; also Paris,Cab. des Mdailles,3450;
A.N.S. (NewYork).
topofS level
(Smallpatera,longbareforearm;
slightbendinsceptre,
withheadofpeacock.)BMCRE v, 34; Carfrae(Sotheby,1901),162;
Mackerell(ibid.1906),229; Walters-Webb
211,1932)
(Hess,Lucerne,
1102(= Ryan(Glendining,
1952),2666);Oxford(2); Vienna(2); and
at leasttenotherexamples.
(Smallpeacock;sceptre
nearlytouchesmiddlebarofE' S Chighup.)
BMCRE v,35; M. Rattoiv(Paris,1933),253(= Baranowsky
(Milan,
Feb. 1931),2301);The Hague; Vienna.
and smallpeacock; withhead levelwithtop of S;
(Shortfigure,
BMCRE v, 36,pl. 4, 5.
slanting
sceptre.)
of
(Tall figure;tip sceptreclose to middlestrokeof E; pateralevel
withupperstrokeof N.) HermannWeber(Sotheby,1893),207;
Bachofenv. Echt1570(nowVienna);Luneau(ClmentPlatt,1923),
andTrinity
College,Dublin.
472;Mzh.Basel3,636;alsoCopenhagen
withverticalsceptreand shorttail of drapery
hanging
(Tall figure,
from1. arm; peacock's neck with double curve.) 'Astronomer'
(McClean)(Sotheby,1906),572(nowCab. des Mdailles,coll.A. V.
1119); Eggerxliii (Vienna,1913),1322; Helbing(Prof.Prixcoll.,
1931),869; Schwing(M. Rattoiii,Dec. 1932),614; ArsClassicaxvii
(1934),1529.
(Figurewithshortr. arm,holdingsmall patera.)Von KaufFman
Frankfurt
a. M., 27.5.29),296.
(Hamburger,

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 85

K. (Tip of sceptrebetweenO and R.) Faur(Bourgey,
Dec. 1923),263.
L. (Slopingsceptre.)(Unidentified)
French(?) Sale Cat. (c. 1932),115.
M. (Tall figure,
withverticalsceptre,held widefromthebody.)Cahn
54 (1925),565.
N. (Shortsceptre;longtail of drapery
hangingfrom1. arm.)Bahrfeldt
March
(Riechmann,
Halle,Sept.1922),781(= Van Hooff(Schulman,
1949),587).
(c) Didia Clara
A. HilarTemp
S
C.
or,
(Figureleansforward
slightly;
straight
palm,small
O opposite
topofC.) Levis(Navillexi)690( = Laughlin
(Hess,Lucerne,
Dec. 1933),692 = G. C. Hainescoll. 1429);Sydenham
(Glendining,
Dec. 1941),221; Ryan(ibid.1952),2667; Mzh. Basel8,852;Paris,Cab.
des Mdailles,coll.A. V. 1120;Vienna(ex Bachofenv. Echt,1571),
andanother.
B. (Tall figure;
lineof
palmslightly
curved,pointsto R ; headintersects
Dec. 1923),
legend.)Hall (Glendining,
1950),1664;Faur(Bourgey,
264 (= Ex Nummis
Historia
72 (1932),1320;Van
, 136); S. Rosenberg
Hooff(Schulman,
1949),588; The Hague.
C. (Short,curved,palm,smallcornucopiae;T abovehead.)BMCRE v,
38,pl. 4, 6; Mackerell(Sotheby,1906),230; Normand(Paris,1910),
318; Vienna(2); Bizot(Sotheby,
1902),193(tooled,to readHILARITAS).
D. (Palmslightly
withheavyfoldof drapery
curved;largecornucopiae,
below;S Chighup.) Carfrae(Sotheby,
1901),164; Ramonii (Bourgey,1913),305 (= Grandpr(Ciani,Feb. 1935),522); Luneau(ClmentPlatt,27.3.23),473; Baranowsky
(Milan, Feb. 1931), 2304
(= Philippe(M. Ratto,Paris,Oct. 1934),618).
E. (Shortpalm,slightly
curved;verysmallS C.) Santamaria
(Marchese
B. L., 1924),505; Hamburger
a. M., May 1929),636;
(Frankfurt
Walters-Webb
(Hess, 1932),1106.
withhead and palmintersecting
F. (Tall figure,
lineof legend;Telse
behindhead.) Morcom(Sotheby,Dec. 1924),134 (= Gantz(Glendining,
May 1941),848).
G. (Tall palm,slightly
curved;head betweenR and T; finalR touches
cornerof dress.)Schwing(M. Rattoiii, Dec. 1932),613; Glasgow;
Vienna.
H. (Figureand palm shorterthanon typeG; T above cornucopiae.)
BMCRE v, 40, pl. 4, 7, and 41; Seaby(1929),871; ArsClassicaxvii,
15-31; A.N.S. (NewYork,veryfine,wt.18-62gm).
K. (Slim figure,with shortpalm; T above cornucopiae.)Vierordt

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86

L.

M.
N.

O.
P.

A. M. WOODWARD
1923),1796;M. Rattoii (1932),214b' Lockettviii(May,
(Amsterdam,
1959),64; The Hague.
withshortpalm;stopafterR, abovehead.)Fitzwilliam
(Smallfigure,
Rome, Nov.
(Sambon-Canessa,
(Christie's,1949),259; Martinetti
Zschiesche-Koder
(Helbing,Munich, 1913), 1284;
1907), 2354;
Schwing(M. Rattoiii,Dec. 1932),610; Mzh.Basel3,639; Paris,Cab.
desMdailles,no. 3453.
S C somewhat
to edgeofflan;LA closetogether;
(Tallpalm,reaching
up thanusual.)BMCRE ' , 39; M. Rattoii (1932),214a; Schulhigher
man31.5.38,418; BaselMuseum(1903,2429).
(Curvedpalm, reachingto edge of flan; T above cornucopiae.)
'Astronomer'
(McClean)(Sotheby,1906),574 (= Hirschxxx,1052
= ibid,xxxi,1492= Bement(Navilleviii),1148),now Copenhagen;
(Cantonicoll.)1920,
(M. Rattoiii,Dec. 1932),615; Santamaria
Schwing
888 (= Campion(Glendining,
1937),234).
withcurvedpalm;S C lowdown.)Vienna(2).
(Shortfigure,
backwards;palmalmostvertical;S C
leaningslightly
(Tallishfigure,
lowdown.)Munich(? only).

III. DUPONDII
(a) Didius Julianus
r.
radiate
1. Head ofemperor
(5 rayson crown),bearded.IMP CAES M
DID IV LIAN AVG: BMCRE v, 19,pl. 4, 8 (Fortunastg.,die A).
Also diesB, C, F (?), G.
2. As above,but smallerhead,and legendreacheshigherabove head.
BMCRE v, 18 (Fortunastg.,die D); also die G.
3. As above,in styleofno. 1, butlargerhead; end of filletcurlsunder
CA. (Fortunastg.,dieC). Glasgow.
4. As above,in styleof no. 2, butlargerletters.(Fortunastg.,die E).
Eggerxliii(Vienna,1913),1320;also The Hague(no. 5926).
Milit, S C, dieA).
5. As above,withtallneckand shortbeard.( Concord
Vienna.[Pl.VI. 13].
Milit, dieB).
head.( Concord
beardandnarrow
6. As above,withtapering
Vienna[Pl. VI. 14].
ReverseDies ofDupondii
Die A,
. Milit,S C. Concordiastg.(as on aureiand sestertii).
1. Concord
S C. Die B, Vienna.
Vienna.Ditto,butwithout
2. P M.Tr P Cos S C. Fortunastg.(as on aureiand denarii).Die A.
StopafterM; R closeto forehead;ruddersmalland low,S between

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 87

rudder
andfigure.
BMCRE v, 19,pl.4, 8; WaltersWebb(Hess,1932),
2295; Hall (Glendining,
1950),1661;Lockettviii(Glendining,
1959),
145(ex Trauand Mayr-Harting),
and severalothers.
B. Ditto,withno stops; R close behindhead, S as on die A. Ryan
(Glendining,
1952),2817;1Vienna.
C. Ditto,withno stops;P closebehindhead,S C verylow. WaltersWebb,1099;Glasgow;The Hague(no. 5925);Vienna.
D. Ditto,withno stops; shorterfigure;R above forehead,
S C low
down.BMCRE v, 18; Glasgow;Mzh.Basel, 3, 632.
E. Ditto,withno stops;shortfigure
R is notso
and smallcornucopiae.
nearforehead
as on D; S C verylow down.Eggerxliii,1320;Hama. M., 1932),934; The Hague(no. 5926).
burger(Frankfurt
F. Ditto,withstopsafterP andM' R behindhead; S C verylowdown.
BMCRE v, 17; Copenhagen;
Glasgow.
G. Ditto,withno stops;tallfigure,
withlargishcornucopiae;R above
head;S C verylowdown.Hirschxxxi(1912),1485(= Laughlin(Hess,
1933),684); Cantoni(Santamaria,
1920),885;A. M. W. (exTheDuke
ofArgyll
coll.).
3. RectorOrbis
C.
, S C. The emperorstg.(as on aureiand sestertii).
16 = RIC iv,1,p. 17,no. 13 (Paris,no detailsavailable).
(b) Manlia Scantilla
1. Bustr.,draped:MANL.SCAN TILLA AVG: BMCRE v, 37,pl. 4, 9
(misreadas MANLIA). Reverse,IVNO REGINA, S C (as on aurei
and sestertii).
Also fromthe same pair of dies,Glasgow;Vienna;
WaltersWebb(Hess,Lucerne,
9.5.1932),no. 1104.
(c) Didia Clara
1. Bustr.,draped:DIDIA CLA RA AVG reverse,
HILAR TEMPOR,
S C (as on aureiand sestertii).
C. 5 = RIC iv, 1,p. 18,no. 21 (Paris,
no detailsavailable).
KEY TO PLATES
Plate VI. 1-12. Aurei
1. Obv. Draped 1: IMP CAES.M.DID SEVE R.IVLIAN AVG
Rev. CONCO R D MILIT (die A). Vienna(ex Bachofenv. Echt,
1563).
2. Obv. Sameas dieno. 1.
Rev. P . M .TR P . COS (dieB). Paris.
3. Obv. Draped2: IMP CAES M.DID IVLIAN AVG
Rev. ditto(dieA). Vienna(ex Bachofenv. Echt,1565).
1 Numbered
2827onpl.xxviii.

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88

A. M. WOODWARD

4. Obv. Laur.2 (w. slightdrapery):

IMP CAES M DID IVLIAN AVG
Rev. ditto(dieD). BMCRE v, 5.
5. Obv. Laur. 1: legendas no. 4.
Rev. CONCO R D MILIT (dieB). BMCRE v, 1.
6. Ov. Samedieas no. 5.
Rev. Samedieas no. 2. Vienna.
7. OZ>v.Samedie as nos. 5 and 6.
jRev. P.M.TR P.COS (die C). Copenhagen.
8. Obv. Samedie as nos. 5, 6, 7.
itev. RECTOR ORBIS (dieB). Vienna.
9. Obv. MANL SCAN TILLA.AVG (die 1).
Rev. IVNO.R E GINA (dieB). Paris.
10. Obv. MANL.SCA NTILLA AVG (die 3).
Rev. IVNO.RE GINA (dieD) . Hall (1950),1662.
11. Obv. DIDIA.CLA RA.AVG (die 3).
Rev. HILA R.TEMPOR (die C). Paris.
12. Obv. (Legendas no. 1).
Rev. P.M.TR P.COS (A forgery,
notbyBecker.)Paris.
13,14. Dupondii
13. Obv. IMP CAES M DID IVLIAN AVG (dieDup. 5).
Rev. CONCORD MILIT (without
S C) (dieB). Vienna.
14. Obv. As no. 13 (dieDup. 5).
Rev. As no. 13,butadds S C (dieA). Vienna.
Plate VII. Sestertii
1. Obv. Laur.9: IMP CAES M DID.SEV ER.IVLIAN AVG
Rev. CONCORD MILIT, S C in field(dieB). BMCRE v, 22.
2. Obv. Sameas dieno 1.
Rev. Typeand legendas no. 1 (dieE). BMCRE v, 23.
3. Obv. Samedie as nos. 1 and 2.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1 and 2 (dieF). Vienna.
4. Obv. Laur. 11: legendas above.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1-3 (dieH). Glasgow.
5. Obv. Laur.6 : legendas above,butdividedas SE VER.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1-4 (dieK). Vienna.
6. Obv. Samedie as no. 5.
Rev. PMTRP. COS, SC (dieN). BMCRE v, 26.
7. Obv. Laur. 12: legendas above,butSEV ER.
Rev. Typeand legendas no. 6 (dieH). Vienna.
8. Obv. Laur. 15: legendas no. 7 (seePl. VIII. 8).
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 6 and 7 (die C). Paris.

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COINAGE OF DIDIUS JULIANUS AND HIS FAMILY 89

Plate VIII. Sestertii (cont
.)
1. Obv. Bustto r.,drapedand cuirassed.IMP CAES M DID SE VER
IVLIAN AVG (die 1).
Rev. RECTOR ORBIS, S C in field(die F). BMCRE v, 31.
2. Obv. Laur.2: IMP CAES.M.DID.S EVER.IVLIAN.AVG
Rev. Typeand legendas no. 1 (die K). BMCRE v, 29.
3. Obv, Laur.3: IMP CAES.M.DID SE VER.IVLIAN AVG
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1 and 2 (dieD). Copenhagen.
4. Obv. Laur. 13: legendas above,butSEV ER, withno stops.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1-3 (die C). Vienna.
5. Obv. Laur. 16: legendas on no. 4.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1-4 (dieL). Glasgow.
6. Obv. Laur. 17: legendas above,butCAES.M DID SEV ER.
Rev. Typeand legendas nos. 1-5 (die H). BMCRE v, 30.
7. Obv. Laur. 13 (cf.no. 4, above).
Rev. CONCORD MILIT, S C (dieK). BMCRE v, 21.
8. Obv. Laur. 15: legendas above,butSEV ER.IVLIAN.AVG
Rev. PMTR PCOS, S C (seePl. VIII).
Plate IX. Sestertii (cont.)
1. Obv. Bustr.,draped(die 2): MANLIA SCAN TILLA AVG
Rev. IVNO REGINA, S C in field(dieB). BMCRE v, 33.
2. Obv. As above(die 3): MANLIA. SCAN TILLA.AVG
Rev. As above(dieA). Paris.
3. Obv. As above(die4), butno stopafterMANLIA
Rev. As above(dieA, tooled(?)). Paris.
4. Obv. As above(die 13) MANL SCAN TILLA AVG
Rev. As above(dieB). Paris.
5. Obv. As above(die 13).
Rev. As above(die G). Paris.
6. Obv. As above(die 14): MANLIA.SCANTILLA.AVG
Rev. As above(die C). Vienna.
7. Obv. As above(die 16): MANLIA SC ANTILLA AVG
Rev. As above(dieF). Vienna.
8. Obv. As above(die 6): MANLIA.SCAN TILLA.AVG
Vienna.
Rev. (As above,die C, notillustrated).
Plate

X. Sestertii (cont.)
1. Obv. Bustr.,draped(die 1): DIDIA CLA RA.AVG
Rev. HILAR TEMPOR, S C in field(dieD). New York.

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90

A. M. WOODWARD

2. Obv. As above(die2): DIDIA.CLA RA.AVG

Rev. As above(dieN). Copenhagen.
3. Obv. As above(die 3): stopsas on no. 2.
Rev. As above(die C). Vienna.
4. 0>v. As above(die4): stopsas on nos.2 and 3.
Rev. As above(dieO). Vienna.
5. Obv. As above(die 8): DIDIA.CLA RA AVG
itev. As above(dieA). Vienna.
6. Obv. As above(die 12): DIDIA.CL ARA.AVG
Rev. As above(dieA). Vienna.
7. Ov. As above(die 13): no stopafterDIDIA.
Rev. As above(dieL). Paris.
8. Obv. As above(die 12).
New York.
Rev. (As above(dieH), notillustrated.)
A. M. Woodward
POSTSCRIPT
Milit, S C.
1. Add to ReverseDies of Sastarii(p. 82) Concord
S C highup). Hall
withtwoaquilae,heldvertically,
N. (tallfigure
nowA.M.W.
1950),1658(no. 2, notillustrated),
(Glendining,
2. P. 87. For anotherspecimenof thedupondiusof Manlia Scantilla
andBizot,192).
(fromthesamedies)seeEggerxliii,1322(exHoffman
in NC 1957,p. 84 and
3. In additionto theacknowledgements
printed
forkindlysendingme
above,p. 71, I wishto thankthefollowing
MissAnneRobertson(Glasgow);Mr. G. C. Haines(own
rubbings:
Prof.H. W. Parke(Trin.Coll.,Dublin).
collection);

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NUM. CHRON. 1961, PL. VI

DIDIUS JULIANUSAND FAMILY I

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NUM. CHRON. 1961, PL. VII

DIDIUS JULIANUSAND FAMILY II

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NUM. CHRON. 1961,PL. VIII

DIDIUS JULIANUSAND FAMILY III

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NUM. CHRON. 1961,PL. IX

DIDIUS JULIANUSAND FAMILY IV

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NUM. CHRON. 1961,PL. X

DIDIUS JULIANUSAND FAMILY V

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