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In a closed relief-line system, the relief-valve should be located on the lowest tower platform above the relief -system header. This will
result in the shortest relief-valve discharge leads to the flare header. The entire relief-line system should be self-draining.
1.10 From layout point of view, it is preferable to space the platform brackets on the tower equally and to align the brackets over each
other for the entire length of the tower. This will minimize interferences between piping and structural members.
1.11 Nozzles and piping must meet process requirements while platforms must satisfy maintenance and operating needs. Access for
tower piping, valves and instruments influence placement of ladders.
1.12 In routing pipelines, the problem is faced to interconnected tower nozzles with other remote points. The tentative orientation of a
given tower nozzle is on the line between tower centre and the point to which the line is supposed to run. Segments for piping going to
equipment at grade e.g. condenser and reboiler lines are available between ladders and both sides of manhole.
See the Fig.4 / 5 for overall orientation of a distillation column.
Line approaching the yard/piperack can turn left or right depending on the overall arrangement of the plant. The respective segments of
these lines are between the ladders and 180. The segment at 180 is convenient for lines without valves and instruments, because this is
the point farthest from manhole platforms.
The sequence of lines around the tower is influenced by conditions at grade level. Piping arrangements without lines crossing over each
other give a neat appearance and usually a more convenient installation.
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1.13 The correct relationship between process nozzles and tower internals is very important. An angle is usually chosen between the
radial centreline of internals and tower-shell centrelines.
By proper choice of this angle (usually 45 or 90 to the piperack) many hours of work and future inconvenience can be saved. Tower
piping, simplicity of internal piping and manholes access into the tower are affected by this angle. After this, the information produced by
the designer results in selecting the correct orientation of tower nozzles.
1.14 A davit usually handles heavy equipment such as large-size relief valves and large-diameter blinds. If the davit is at the top of the
tower, it can also serve for lifting and lowering tower internals to grade.
Clearance for the lifting tackle to all points from which handling is required, and good access should be provided.
1.15 Very often, interpretation of process requirements inside a tower is more exact than for exterior piping design. The location of an
internal part determines, within strict physical limits, the location of tower nozzles, instruments, piping and the steelwork. The layout
designer has to concentrate on a large-scale drawing of tower-internal details and arrangement of process piping to finalize the piping
study.
1.16 Access, whether internal or external is very important. This includes accessibility of connections from ladders and platforms and
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internal accessibility through shell manholes, handholes or removable sections of trays. A manhole opening must not be obstructed by
internal piping.
1.17 Reboiler-line elevations are determined by the draw off and return nozzles and their orientation is influenced by thermal flexibility
considerations. Reboiler lines and the overhead lines should be as simple and direct as possible.
1.18 Fig.6 shows the segments of tower circumference allotted to piping, nozzles, manholes, platform brackets and ladders as normally
recommended to develop a well-designed layout.
2.1 Manholes
Nozzles are to be oriented keeping provision for maintenance and operation needs.
Manholes are usually located at bottom, top and intermediate sections of tower. These access nozzles must not be located at the
downcomer sections of the tower or the seal pot sections of the tower.
Where internal piping is arranged over a tray, manhole shall be provided but it should be ensured that the internals do not block the
maintenance access through the manhole.
Possible location of manhole and handholes within the angular limits of b are illustrated in detail-2 of Fig.4
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Fig 2 -Evaluation of the Flow Diagram for a Distillation Column to Visualize an Orderly Arrangement of Piping
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The level instruments are located in the liquid section of the tower usually at the bottom. The elevation of the nozzles is decided by the
amount of liquid being controlled or measured and by standard controller and gauge glass lengths. Level controllers must be operable
from grade or platform and level gauges / switches may be from a ladder if no platform is available.
Fig.11, 12, 10, 13 & 14 illustrates a few instrument connections on tower.
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