.

Cast iron
Lecture 10

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Casting

Melting point
Shape forming
Property

Page 2

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How to reduce M.P.

Microstructure

+ Fe3C ?

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Cementite vs. Graphite

Super-saturated

+ Fe3C

By carbon diffusion

+ C(graphite)

By MORE carbon diffusion

C content

Meta-stable state

Stable state

Formation condition
Diffusion time
of cementite and graphite(pure carbon)
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Microstructures of cast iron

Chilled cast iron
Compacted/vermicular cast iron
(C/V)
, , ,
(White cast iron)
Cementite + pearlite

(gray cast iron)

Ferrite + pearlite + flake carbon

Austempered cast iron

(ADI)
Ausferrite acicular ferrite+carbon
= stabilized austenite
Strongest cast iron

Alloyed cast iron

(malleable cast iron)
Ferrite + temper carbon

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(Nodular/ductile cast iron)

Ferrite/pearlite + nodular carbon

Si : ,
Al :
Ni :
Cr : ,

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Table1: Graphite forms

Form

Description of t
he form

Main spatial
characteristics

Interconnected particles
Lamellar (flake) within eutectic cells;
graphite
lamellar (flake) graphite
with sharp ends

Aggregate of graphite
flakes

Occurrence
Principal form in grey cast iron
Austenitic cast iron with
lamellar/flake graphite
Can occur in the rim zone of other ca
st-iron materials
Can occur in rapidly cooled
hypereutectic grey cast irons
Can also occur in segregation areas
of thick-walled spheroidal-graphite
cast-iron castings

II

Crab graphite

III

Usually interconnected par

Principal form in compacted-graphite
Compacted (ve ticles within eutectic
cast irons
rmicular)
cells; worm-like
Can occur in spheroidal graphite
Graphite
appearance with
cast irons
rounded ends
Temper carbon

Isolated particles

Principal form in malleable cast irons

IV

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Irregular sphero
idal graphite*

Can occur on spheroidal-graphite

cast iron

Slightly irregula
r spheroidal
Isolated particles
Graphite

Principal form in thick-walled casting

s made of spheroidal graphite cast ir
ons
Occurs to a specified extent in comp
acted-graphite cast irons
Can occur in malleable cast irons

VI

Spheroidal gra
phite*

Principal form in castings made of

spheroidal-graphite cast irons
Occurs to a specified extent in
compacted-graphite cast irons

Isolated particles

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Si effect on Fe-C phase diagram

+ Fe3C + L

Graphite(or Fe3C)
stabilizing

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Solidification sequence

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Eutectic cell and nodule counts

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Graphite in gray cast iron ASTM A247-10

A+D

Hyper-eutectic

Slow cooling

Fast cooling

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Low C.E.

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Graphite microstructure ASTM A247-10

Type A

Type D

Type B

Type E

Type C
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Inoculation

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Phases during austempering treatment

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