1-D Consolidation Analyses for

placement of a 5 m high fill

This example is taken from Holtz and Kovacs(1981).
5 m of brown silty sand is placed as fill above 15 m
of compressible gray silty clay, classified as CL. A
brown silty gravel lies under the clay and acts both
as a permeable drain and as a relatively
incompressible support for the rest of the soils. This
example studies the time rate settlement and
excess pore pressures generated by the placement
of the fill with/without the use of sand drains.

Prototype Engineering, Inc., 2006

1-D Consolidation Analyses for

placement of a 5 m high fill

1-Dimensional Settlement Analysis

WINSAF-I

CONSTANT INCREMENT OF VERTICAL STRESS WITH DEPTH

Project Name: Animations in Soil Mech. Project Number : PEI-025
Client
: 1-D Settlement - 5 m fill Project Manager: Alfredo Urzua
Date
: 11/2/2002
Computed by
: au

Foundation Elev.
Ground Surface Elev.
Water table Elev.

Layer
Type

N.

COMP.

=
=
=

15.00 (m)
15.00 (m)
15.00 (m)

V. stress increment =

98.10 (kNsm)

Unit weight of Wat. =

9.81 (kNcm)

Coefficient
Thick. Comp. Recomp. Swell.
(m)
15.0

0.360

N.

Sublayer
Thick. Elev.
(m)
(m)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50

14.25
12.75
11.25
9.75
8.25
6.75
5.25
3.75
2.25
0.75

0.000

Primary
Settlement
(cm)

Secondary
Settlement
(cm)

14.91

170.91

0.00

Total Settlement =

170.91

0.00

Initial
(kNsm)
3.83
11.47
19.13
26.78
34.42
42.07
49.72
57.38
65.03
72.68

0.000

Unit
Weight
(kNcm)

Soil Stresses
Increment Max.Past Press.
(kNsm)
(kNsm)
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10
98.10

3.83
11.47
19.13
26.78
34.42
42.07
49.72
57.38
65.03
72.68
Total Settlement =

Settlement
(cm)
36.66
25.20
20.25
17.20
15.05
13.44
12.17
11.13
10.27
9.54
170.91 (cm)

1-Dimensional Primary Vertical

Consolidation Analysis
WINSAF-TR

One Layer Soil System/Rectangular

Project Name: Animations in Soil Mech.
Client
: Time rate Sett. for Fill
Date
: 11/2/2002

Project Number : PEI-026

Project Manager: Alfredo Urzua
Computed by
: au

Stratum thickness
Coeff. of consolidation
Number of sublayers
Drainage Conditions

Load #

Init. Pore
Pressure
(kNsm)
98.10

Load
Type

INST

=
15.00 (m)
=
1.000 (m*m/months)
=
10
= Drainage at top/bottom

Placement
Time
(months)
0.00

Ramp
Time
(months)
-----

Ultimate
Settlement
(cm)
170.91

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
1.00
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
69.76
94.77
97.96
98.10
98.10
98.10
97.96
94.77
69.76
0.00

0.00
69.76
94.77
97.96
98.10
98.10
98.10
97.96
94.77
69.76
0.00

0.02
15.05
25.71

15.05
25.71

T
=
U (%)
=
Settlement =

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
3.00
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
45.10
76.45
91.60
96.67
97.67
96.67
91.60
76.45
45.10
0.00

0.00
45.10
76.45
91.60
96.67
97.67
96.67
91.60
76.45
45.10
0.00

0.05
26.06
44.54

26.06
44.54

T
=
U (%)
=
Settlement =

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
6.00
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
32.85
60.13
78.84
89.01
92.14
89.01
78.84
60.13
32.85
0.00

0.00
32.85
60.13
78.84
89.01
92.14
89.01
78.84
60.13
32.85
0.00

0.11
36.85
62.98

36.85
62.98

T
=
U (%)
=
Settlement =

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
12.00
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
23.10
43.72
59.81
69.96
73.42
69.96
59.81
43.72
23.10
0.00

0.00
23.10
43.72
59.81
69.96
73.42
69.96
59.81
43.72
23.10
0.00

0.21
52.04
88.94

52.04
88.94

T
=
U (%)
=
Settlement =

1-Dimensional Primary Vertical/

Radial Consolidation Analysis
WINSAF-TR

One Layer Soil System/Combined vertical/radial consolidation

Project Name: Animations in Soil Mech.
Client
: Time rate Sett. for Fill
Date
: 11/2/2002

Project Number : PEI-026

Project Manager: Alfredo Urzua
Computed by
: au

Number of loads
Stratum Thickness
Vert. Coeff. of Consolidation
Radial Coeff. of Consolidation
Drain Diameter
Effective Diameter
Number of sublayers
Drainage Conditions
Load #

Init. Pore
Pressure
(kNsm)
98.10

Load
Type

INST

Placement
Time
(months)
0.00

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1
15.00 (m)
1.00 (m*m/months)
2.00 (m*m/months)
0.25 (m)
5.00 (m)
10
Drainage at top/bottom

Ramp
Time
(months)
-----

Ultimate
Settlement
(cm)
170.91

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
51.54
70.01
72.36
72.47
72.47
72.47
72.36
70.01
51.54
0.00

0.00
51.54
70.01
72.36
72.47
72.47
72.47
72.36
70.01
51.54
0.00

37.24
63.65

63.65

U (%)
=
Settlement =

1.00

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
19.15
32.46
38.90
41.05
41.47
41.05
38.90
32.46
19.15
0.00

0.00
19.15
32.46
38.90
41.05
41.47
41.05
38.90
32.46
19.15
0.00

68.60
117.25

117.25

U (%)
=
Settlement =

3.00

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
6.08
11.13
14.59
16.47
17.05
16.47
14.59
11.13
6.08
0.00

0.00
6.08
11.13
14.59
16.47
17.05
16.47
14.59
11.13
6.08
0.00

88.32
150.94

150.94

U (%)
=
Settlement =

6.00

Pore Pressure Distribution

for Time(months) =
Depth
(m)

Load 1
(kNsm)

Total
(kNsm)

0.00
1.50
3.00
4.50
6.00
7.50
9.00
10.50
12.00
13.50
15.00

0.00
0.81
1.54
2.10
2.46
2.58
2.46
2.10
1.54
0.81
0.00

0.00
0.81
1.54
2.10
2.46
2.58
2.46
2.10
1.54
0.81
0.00

98.31
168.03

168.03

U (%)
=
Settlement =

12.00