EMBEDDED SYSTEM BASED GSM COMMUNICATION FOR AUTOMATIC

IRRIGATION CONTROL SYSTEM

IEEE Reference:

Wireless sensor network based remote irrigation control system

and Automation using DTMF code.

Abstract:
Agriculture is a source of livelihood of majority Indians and has great impact on
the economy of the country. In dry areas or in case of inadequate rainfall, irrigation
becomes difficult. So, it needs to be automated for proper yield and handled remotely for
farmer safety. In this paper we suggest a Wireless sensor network and Embedded based
technique to control water flow for sectored, sprinkler or drip section irrigation. This
system will be very economical in terms of the hardware cost, power consumption and
call charges.
In places such as agriculture lands, there is a continuous need for monitoring the
water level at particular places. In places such as drip irrigation for coconuts and bananas,
the water is let out through pipes directly to each field. A person has to carefully monitor
the water level at regular intervals. His job becomes tedious during night times and for
frequent power cuts. Sometimes there is wastage of water and electricity due to
negligence and other times there is a hard job for the user. The project helps in
automating this job.
This is highly helpful in places such as drip irrigation system where there are
many flow pipes but does not require any change in the agricultural fields. Further there
is a wireless communication device consisting of very high frequency transceiver. It helps
to coordinate any action between the controlling authority and the fields. So each field
can be placed as a separate wireless node and these field transceivers act as a high speed
wireless network.
The project proposes a water level sensor at each place where the water has to be
monitored. When the motor is switched on the sensors are activated and the fields are
irrigated automatically. Once the water reaches a particular level which may even take
hours, the system takes appropriate steps to regulate or even stop the water flow.
The farmers job gets over immediately after switching the power supply. The
circuit also monitors the water in the well/bore well so that if the water level goes very
low it switches off the main motor to prevent dry run and also to prevent damage to the
motor.

The project houses a high speed microcontroller and water sensors at different
fields and inside the well. These sensors are attached to the microcontroller and are
controlled accordingly using motor and water control circuits.
The microcontroller used is a high Speed microcontroller for fault free operation.
It has a variety of advantages over conventional old microcontrollers such as RISC
architecture, larger memory word, fast operation and a host of inbuilt features such as
ADC, communication protocols etc.,
The project also houses a GSM modem where the user can easily be notified by
any fault in the system or if all fields are properly irrigated or if there is no sufficient
water in the well. The same can be used to switch on the system and off by simply
sending an SMS. This scheduling helps greatly because as agriculture power supplies are
provided only at a particular time of day and not all hours. This is highly helpful in places
if the user is out of his home for any purpose or his home is far away from his
agricultural land which is a common scenario.
This helps in precious saving of water and electricity and eases the job of the
person. The project can be used in large agricultural lands, coconut plantations and many
other plantations and even in home environment or industries and colleges where there
are
large
gardens
to
monitor
and
irri

gate them automatically.

Block Diagram:

Humitity sensor

Signal conditioning
ckt
Soil moisture
Sensor

LCD DISPLAY
FOR STATUS

Interfacing
Circuit

ADC

Relay
Driver
PIC MICROCONTROLLER
PIC16F877

Relay Driver (2)

Relay

GSM interfacing
Circuit

Relay (2)

WIPER Motor
GSM
Valves (2)

+5V Power supply

(to all components)

Hardware Components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Embedded Microcontroller PIC 16F877

GSM module
Relays
Relay Drive
HUMITITY/TEMP
SOIL MOISTURE
WIPER MOTOR

Software Tools:
1. Eagle for PCB design
3. OrCAD for Schematic Design
4. MPLAB IDE for controller programming
Advantages:
1. This system will be very economical in terms of the hardware cost and power
consumption.
2. This helps in precious saving of water and electricity and eases the job of the
person.
3. It can be implemented in large agricultural areas.
4. By the use of GSM the user can control the motor from anywhere by just sending
SMS.

5V Power supply
(to all components)

RF interfacing
Circuit