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6 -COATING DEFECTS

of coating defects

Fitz's Atlajh'

Application & Coating Defem

Application &Coating Defects

CONTENTS

ADHESION FAILURE
sealsodelaminnionandRaking

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ADHESION FAILURE
6-3
ALUGATORING
6-6
ALUMINIUM CORROSION
b7
BllllNESS
64
BLEACHING
6-9
BLEEDING
6-10
BLISTERING
6-11
BLOOM ............................
6-14
BRIDGING
6-15
BRUSH MARKS
617
BUBBLES or BUBBUNG
6-18
CHALKING
6 -1 9
CHECKING
""
6-21
CHEESINESS
-........I..........6-24
CISSING
"
,
6-25
COBWEBBING
6-26
CRACKING
6-27
CRATERING
"6-30
CROWSFOOTING
6-31
DELAMINATION
6-32
DRYSPRAY
6-34
EFFLORESCENCE
"6-36
EROSION
6-38
FADING
6-40
FlLlFORM
6 -4 1
FLAKING
6-42
FLOCCUVTION
6-44
FLOODING
645
FLOTATION
................................... . . 6 - 4 6
GRINNING "
647

Olkr exomplesore rhown on the lollowinqpuqe

Dcxription:

Paint faik m adhere to rubstme or unklying maa of

paint.

Rmntln:

Ensure that the surface is clean, dry and free ham any
contamination and that the surface has been suitably
prepandlkethecomRcwtingspeciRcation.

*I:

Dependsupon theextent ofadhesion failureRemwal of

defective areas will be necessary prior to adquare
preparationand application of comamaring syrtem m
manufacturer's recommendatiom

Application & Coating Defects

A D H E S I O N FAILURE
seeatsodelaminationandRaking

GRIT INCLUSIONS ....................................................6-48

GROWTH ...................................................................6-49
INCORRECT COATING SYSTEM......................................6-50
IMPACT DAMAGE ........................................................6-52
LAMINATIONS or SHELLING ......................................... 6-54
MISSES/SKIPS/HOLIDAYS ............................................6-55
MISSING TOPCOAT
6-56
MUD CRACKING
6-57
ORANGE PEEL
6-58
OVERSPRAY .............................................................. 6-60
PEELING
6-61
PINHOLES
6-63
RAIN DAMAGE - WATER SPOTTING
..6-65
RIPPLED COATING
6-66
ROT
6-67
RUNS or SAGS ............................................................ 6-68
RUST RASHING
6-71
RUST SPOTTING
6-72
6-75
RUST STAINING
SAPONIFICATION
6-76
SETTLEMENT ............................................................. 6-77
SOLVENT LIFTING
6-78
6-80
SOLVENT POPPING
TACKINESS
6-81
UNDERCUTTING ......................................................... 6-82
WATER SPOTTING .......................................................6-&1
WRINKLING
6-85
ZINC CARBONATES .....................................................6-88

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Application & Coating Defeas

Application & Coating Defects

Application & Coating Defects

A D H E S I O N FAILURE

ALLIGATORING

rpealrodelaminationandflaking

(also LnownasCrModiling)

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Denription:

.er, aq? mac10 ( n i b n? :r :racvn; dn:lr?limc?I

th?:rn t l a n a ~ a ! o r ~ r c r ? oi? ('t:.lra, ceierrat?
through tothe unbercoatdown to thesubrtrdt;.

PrabableCauses: Internal rtresses in thecoai~ngwhere thesurface rhrinkr

faster than the bodv of the Daint film Can be caused bv

izcnr .:I ~ i(Arrant'
r
mteapan~il:r c t j :rb
11,rac~ 38 n t i m:na. naar:? .nl?lcoit A t i 3nar1
topcoat
hevention:

Use correct coating sp?cification and material$. Avoid

excerrive thickness. Avoid application at high ambient
temperatures

Repair.

Repa~rwlli depend upon rlze and extent oiali~gator~ng

Abrade or remove all affected coats and apply ruitable
undercoat and roDcoat Followrecommended a ~ o l r a t ~ o n
procedures.

Application & Coating Defects

Application &CoatingDefects

Application & Coating Defem

BLISTERING

BLEACHING

ALUMINIUM CORROSION

seealsohding

Daoption:
\

Blistedngofthepairncoatingduetoaluminiumcorrmion
productundw the paint.

Pd!abIe(auwr: Pinholes in the coating. Porosity of flame sprayed

alum~nium.insuff!tient coating thickness.

Desaiption:

PWableCau~~:
Bleachingdue to weatheringor chem~caianack
hation:

Prevention:

Blast cleanand recoat

Rmntion:

hurecorieasu~ceprepreatlonandapplication.Apply
a ruaabie coating system.

Repair

Depena ng upon sue and type of b~lnerlng,remove

blinecedareasor entrecoatingryaemandrepalrorh l b

Use colour stable pigments or a system whlch wwlil

withstand the chemical environment.

Use c o m i y formulated coating system applied in the

corwrthicknen.
Repair:

Repair:

Toul l0~~0fc01ourofa
coating.

PmbableCaurcr ~liilorrofadherioncausedby contaminationwith

greapoil,sirs,w%uapped maisture,retained solvent,
hydmgen~p~ulprers~re(On
coaoatingsuredwithcathodic
protecrion).solublepigments etc.Osmotic blistering can
alu, occur in immersed comlitions.

Remove bleached coating or abrade and recoat using a

moresuitable coatingsystem.

Appliion & Coating Refects

Appliion & Coating Defects

CHALKING

Application & Coating Defects

CHEESINESS

(SokCoatingl

kcription:

(oatingremains sofr,evenafterpmlqrddrying time.

Rehblehrer- Wmng mixing ratioforwpackpainnToolowadryingi

cunno ternoeraturEucwiwroIvent retained within the

coating
Pnnmion:

Enwr~adquatema~ngoftao-paccpa~nrr.On~wthe
recommended amoJrn of m.nnen. Apply and cure the
mating under controlled envimnme&l&ndiiionr

Repaic

RemwealisoftcoadngraapplywitaMecomingryrtwo
or toptoatto coatingrnanufactun~recommendatiom.

F i l z l Atlas olconinydefe<ts

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Application &Coating Defects

GROWTH
(onthewfaceofpaintfilml

DMiptlon:
L

Gmwh and attachments of natural and organisms to

surface of finished pmducrs.These vary in fwm,s~zeand
liferpan,e.galgae,mosser etc.

RobabkCauru: Generally, natural organisms within moist, we1 or

immersed conditions. Growth may continue after

attachment.

.
Rmrioll:

Urocorrecltcdungrpeofimonandpmd~(rssu~tabeIor
the envronrnenl Whe~epraorai, clean rw-iarly lo

Appscation & Coating Defects

IMPACT DAMAGE
(Star&@

Application & Coating Defects

Application & bating Defects

Application & Coating Defeas

LAMINATIONS OR SHELLING

IMPACT DAMAGE

INCORRECT COATING SYSTEM

lofmimn)

IStarcracXIng)

Description:
Uption:

An unsuitable or incompatible coating sysrem h x been

used which rerulrrin rapid failure.

PmbabkCauar: Failure to remove or treat delaminated sections prior to

applicationofthecoatingsystem.

RobabkCaurn: kof incompatibleorumuitablecoacingmaterials.

RMllrion

kconwtcoat~ngrpec~fi(dtmnandmkbrure~al
d~firrntmaaancompat~bkmlh
tachothtr

Repair:

Remove all defective coating and apply correct coating

ryrtemtomanufacture~smmmendatians.

The photoqraphshows flaking or rhellinq ofsecrions of

tast'vfl ffim rre r . h a h ? i n ra.e &n 3.erpa nrea
an1 ~ n t t naie
r PC to r.oseq.entr.rtrta n8ns

Fz~aii

Abradeaildamagedareasand moat

Pmmtion:

Ensure proper surfacepreparation iscarried out.

Repair:

Grind ail laminations to remove them, blast clean the

surface and retoat.

Application & Coating Defects

Application & Coating Defects

MISSESISKIPSIHOLIDAYS

MUD CRACKING

Mption:

ihe died paint film has the appearaMe of a dned-out

mud bath b a c k vaty in sue and amwrit but form a
networkofcrack

Description:

Exp~sedareasofsubstratewhentheintentionwastocoat

the entlre area Could be confined to a singie coat in a

multi-coat paint system

hobabkcaurcr: Gpnelai, 0.21 app itallan of ne?#d) pqnwnRl pr mers

%:"as n:carr 2 n i s caes 01 nater l a w 3 colt ngr

altor3lcan "crur ndn m e r o ~!nck~,s!?mr
r

PrabableCaurer: Poorapplication techniques.Lack of quaiity controi

L

hevention:
Prevention:

Use correcl application techniques. Apply good painting

practices.Use quaiified inspecton.

Repair:

Applycoatingsto~uitabiepreparedandcleanedsubsnates
to original specif~cationand manufacruref's repair
procedures

Repair:

On j appi, fne recornmenlea coal.ng thrrners .re

leicrnlrenoro i p p .car.cn tecniiq.er i t h s~cabl,

Removeallmdredafidflabngpa~mbacktoasoundbare
Abrade and clean surface Re-apply ceatlng to
manufanureis recmrnendatms

Application &Coating Defects

ORANGE PEEL
alroknownaiPock-malking

Application & Coating Defects

A~~plication
&Coating Defects
PEELING
~eal$oFlaking

Application & Coating Defects

RIPPLED COATING

PINHOLES
L

Daaipton:

A rippledeffectan thesurfaceofthevim.

hana down in the farm of small rtala&er.Can aka b?

ca&d by poor application Rthniquer.
Rmntlon:

50 not appiy paint under unfavounble comiitioor. Use

torrecrapplicationequipmemandwrkmanrhip

Repair.

When mildripples aieieen,abradethe wriaceandrecaat.

Where this is a major effecl remow the coatings and
rKoat.

Application& Coating Defects

ROT
(wood)

Application&Coating Defects

Application & Coating Defects

RUNS OR SAGS

RUST RASHING

aledescdbedaraminr~wrinkler

t o l h m l SprayCoating

DesaiWn:

Span of fermus o d e dwc :c W I I ~ n me pors of a

sprayed metal coal nq.4nl.ar to rust soomna ofa Da'n:

PrnhbkCdwn: Aprenornerm wnch candevelopona l ~ mnibmmeml

Daoiption:

splayeo toat~nqssoon ahtr appl :atdon. Moist~res

Damp and rotten wood exposing friable substance,

splinimflating and cracking ofpaim.

~-~

substrate. Early sealing wit6 an appropriate coating

prevenfsruchevents.

hevention:

Corm3 and ongoing maintenance to the wood and

mating hwre ill i;iooen rulfacer are r a m aco hee
b m r o t before ippiiwrionofpdini
Orher exompier oreshown on fhe io1Iowing poge

M m :

Apply thermalspraycoating inacontmlledenvimnmenr

Seal metalsprayedsurface immediatelyabapplica6on.

Repalr:

Ceanrarashnq lccai om.wi+brufi,hsn waterc ean.

Plovdinq ory 1 m ihicknas of the lnerrna spray 1s
adequate, apply realel cast m coating manuI&ukr's
recomrnecdabns.

Fitz'l Atlas 'of roalcngdefects

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