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Table Of Contents 01 6.3 Green Public Space 181
Colophon & Acknowledgements 02 6.4 Informal Public Space 191
6.5 Infrastructure And Public Space 203
Part 1. Workshop Theme 2007; Reanimating The Satellite City
1.1 Workshop Brief 03 Part 7. Implementations 227
1.2 Planning Of Activities/ Programme In Berlin 2007 05
Part 8. Participants in Groups 239
Part 2. Introduction 8.1 Commercial Public Space 239
2.1 General Introduction To The Intensive Programme 07 8.2 Infrastructure And Public Space 240
8.3 Formal Public Space 241
Part 3. Theme Related Articles And Lectures | Various Authors 8.4 Informal Public Space 242
3.1 Urban Development And Satellite Cities (Thomas Krüger) 11 8.5 Green Public Space 243
3.2 “New Town” Development In Holland (Peter de Bois) 15
3.2 Genius Loci (Flip Lambalk) 23 Part 9. Workshop Impressions 244
3.3 Green Public Spaces (Pablo Martí) 29
3.4 Of¿cial Public Spaces (Holger Kühnel | Gisela Glass) 35
We would like to thank the participating higher education institu- Dirk Blomeyer, Architect, Prof. Projektentwicklung,
tions and their representatives. Projektsteuerung TFH Berlin
Hogeschool van Amsterdam Michael Kny, Architekt, Of¿ce Kny und Weber, Berlin
Amsterdam school of technology, Unit Build Environment.
Arch. Gerard Kuiper M.Sc., Ph.J.Lambalk, senior lecturer, Philipp Oswalt, Architect, Urban Catalyst, Prof. Architekturtheorie
Anneke Treffers und Entwerfen, Universtät Kassel
Politechnika Krakowska
Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture
Prof. Wojchiech Wicher, Agnieszka Wojcik Ph.D. Architect
Universidad de Alicante
Antonio Galiano, Pablo Marti
After the fall of the wall it was attempted to upgrade the district
by extensive reconstruction and new landscape designs. Never
the less, this could not stop emigration of the wealthy inhabitants
to the nearby areas across the city border, where cheaper prop-
erty is available for private family-houses.
Gisela Glass
The three conceptual categories that structure the theoretical (Frame), the dispersion of programme and socioeconomic
focus of the workshop, roughly represent three dominant anchor points (Pattern) and the actual network of use and routing
theoretical discourses in literature on public spaces, described implemented by the system’s inhabitants (Circuit). Preliminary
below. In the EPC workshop, each of these three norms is analysis of Cracow and Nowa Huta by students of Dr. Wojchiech
represented by a speci¿c mapping technique, which have been Wicher (TU Cracow) provided visual and factual data.
integrated and combined in the EPC project, in one integral
mapping method and legends, described by Karin Buurmans in
the next chapter.
1. CONNECTIVITY
In this approach, the structure and hierarchy of infrastructural
connections (so called “Frame”) between uses, spaces and CONNECTIVITY (FRAME) MAPS (three-Step / 1st, 2nd & 3rd order) ACTIVITY (PATTERN) MAPS Ļ IDENTITY (CIRCUIT) MAPS Ļ
buildings (so called “Pattern”) is researched in relation to the
movements of people within the network (so called “Circuit”). objects
landmarks
atmospheres, influences
The exposure and use-intensity of a public space depends 3 1 anchorpoints 2 general zones, areas 2
strongly on its position in- and relation to the frame of streets, 1 clearly defined zones psychological connection
spaces and use patterns to which it is connected. The quality of Infrastructure Public Space / (pedestrian) Àow & gathering ĺ physical connection example atmosphere/inÀuence (bubble) map:
the connection between public space and its context inÀuences a bench on a square
conceptual physical connection
its accessibility and hereby its performance, which conditions
for example the performance of retail spaces. Dead spaces are
Green Public Space / green, leisure, recreation & nature ĺ
1
1 2 2
often badly connected to their spatial context. By re-arranging the
public structure of streets and spaces, the performance of public 1
spaces can be improved. Peter de Bois and Karen Buurmans have Commercial Public Space / retail, shopping, private investment ĺ
developed a new research and design method to assess and 1 2 2
increase the potential of any given location in a city to become
a lively intensely used public space. The research includes 1
cognitive mapping (e.g... Kevin Lynch) but also system analysis Informal Public Space / spontaneous & temporal activities ĺ
ĸ facade typology (closed / open / apertures)
through Space Syntax (Bill Hillier e. a.), the Three-Step or 1st, 2nd 1 2 2
&3rd order analysis method (Peter de Bois).
1
The “Frame - Pattern - Circuit” scheme developed by Karen Of¿cial Public Space / public services and facilities, formal ĺ
hangout kiosk movable kiosk birdhouse informal communication trash vandalism racism homeless people
1 “flower lady” (street selling) monument hooligan void ruin mysterious objects garage sport field graffity
ONE CASE, MANY CATCHES: HOW TO KEEP “FROGS IN A BAR- analysis to structure planning: the RGBG Strategic Model. The RGBG Strategic model used as a Scenario analysis and
REL” The RGBG Strategic Model is a dynamic design and analysis design method aims at visualising main paths, nodes and
instrument that strongly draws from topological knowledge, regions that may generate and carry transformation through the
A room full of designers is bound to produce a Àood of ideas. cognitive data and mental mapping. It is useful and effective in recognition and (re)con¿rmation of speci¿c topological qualities
Practical, innovative, impossible, unlikely, unexpected, crazy, the urban/environmental context of transformation, innovation, within the existing urban structure. Its multilayered, dynamic and
brilliant, spontaneous, solid ... a kaleidoscope of thoughts and and exploration. It makes communication possible in a complex structural approach provides insight in both the current situation
insights that all individually have their speci¿c merit, motivation interactive and intuitive situation. It visualises programmatic and generates (long term) strategic design visions regarding
and validity. This creative explosion is a valuable asset of each potentials and physical relations in a conceptual way. contemporary public space. The super-positioned layers highlight
workshop as it triggers its participants to “think outside the box” the pattern of places, functions, destinations and landmarks and
and experiment. A multidisciplinary and/or international “pressure The RGBG method, a brief description of its purpose [1] indicate the - existing and/or absent - circuits which tie them
cooker” environment provides unequalled means for creating together into a hierarchical framework. [2]
the necessary stimulants whereas participants are confronted Main issue when it comes to synchronising and correlating data
with different routines and abilities. Communicating in a different is ¿nding a common “key” to translate, visualise, communicate Based on the assumption that a complete and healthy urban
language forces them to seek new, explicit and more fundamental and compare results. For this event the body of students frame conditions Àows of goods and people into social
ways to express their ideas and methods. A workshop such as is divided into ¿ve thematic subgroups, each assigned to encounters and (hence) meaningful, productive public spaces,
the one in Berlin, Autumn 2007, recorded in this publication, is a investigating a particular aspect of Public Space: the method generates the motives for a more effective and
valuable learning experience in its own right. conditional policy with regard to location, assignment, design
COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SPACE and maintenance. [3] In other words, the method provides for
And this is where most workshops end. After everyone has FORMAL PUBLIC SPACE developing structure visions and design concepts for the second,
their say, presented their plan, exchanged their addresses, GREEN PUBLIC SPACE post-analysis phase of the workshop.
the group falls apart and leaves behind a heap of material from INFORMAL PUBLIC SPACE
which it is almost impossible to derive a coherent conclusion on INFRASTRUCTURE & PUBLIC SPACE With their speci¿c disciplinary knowledge, starting points and
which to elaborate in a practical sense. The workshop, vibrant, design or research motives the participants (in this case the
educational and successful as it may have been, will remain an For sake of continuity this same subdivision is also employed students from the various universities) visualise their individual
intermezzo, a pleasant interruption of everyday routine, a fun during the Berlin workshop. Each thematic group consists of thoughts on the subject focused on during the workshop, the
memory. Some ideas will stick with the audience, but most will 10 students and is supervised by one member of staff (there are New Town of Nowa Huta. Due to the relatively limited amount of
fade into oblivion and stay just that, ideas. The strength and the separate teams for the ¿rst half of the workshop, the analysis time -- conclusions have to be available almost instantaneously
weakness of the workshop format: an invaluable experience on phase, and the second half, the design phase). Each group and reported coherently at the end of the workshop -- data
an individual level but dif¿cult to estimate overall spin-off. conducts their own research but is asked to simultaneously input is limited to the ¿rst swipe of factual information gathered
record the gathered information in a layered Adobe Illustrator through ¿eld and literature study. Two levels of scale are taken in
In order to sort effect on a more collective level this workshop map according to a uniform key. Those maps are processed account: global survey (town as a whole) and “deep mapping”.
aims at integrating combining the individual forces. In order more or less independently from the group analysis. One del-
to achieve that goal a mapping method is introduced that has egateappointed for each group is assigned to discuss and report
already been proven useful in a variety of cases, from plan backon content and conclusions.
Data input can be factual, conceptual or design related, as long in Part 7 of this report, which presents the eventual analysis
as a consistent legend is used. The RGBG method can thus be integration map [4] The legend is also explained hither.
used to (1) evaluate and compare plans and concepts, create
an “a posteriori” overview of critical interventions, through The division into thematic groups
abstracting those plans according to the key; (2) coordinate the
inventorying an analysis phase by setting tasks, visualising and COMMERCIAL PUBLIC SPACE
integrating the results and produce “ex ante” concepts, design Coordinators: Wojchiech Wicher, Agnieszka Wojcik
starting points and (3) guide communication between different, Students: M. Anthonisse, B. J. Van Den Bosch, A. Van Der Veen,
possibly conÀicting parties involved in the planning process J. C. Biervliet jr., A. Pietrzak, G. Namberger, J. Balog, G. Bieniasz,
by visualising their viewpoints, overlaps and problems. For the L. Navarro, C. Nieto, C. Vivancos [1] The method has been developed during years of educational
Berlin workshop the focus obviously centres on (2), laying the projects featuring different locations. Our long term occupation
basis of a general structure vision that provides the anchor points FORMAL PUBLIC SPACE with the New Town of Almere enabled further elaboration and
for the eventual design proposals. The result of the joint effort Coordinators: Gisela Glass, Holger Kühnel, Thomas M. Krüger testing of initial ¿ndings. The method can be regarded part of a
is supposed to provide for a previously missing link between Students: C. Narciso Linares, R. García Sacristán, T. Hartmanns, triptych encompassing Space Syntax (Hillier, London), our “Three
analysis and design by ¿lling in the intermediate level of scale and K. Kramer, B. Kaminski, S. Yücel, S. Pieterse, L. Capota, A. Step Analysis” and the “frame – pattern – circuit” scheme.
correlating the in themselves sound but inevitably incomplete and Bogacz, I. Hajdasz, Gema Saorin Marin For more information on the background of the method:
somewhat scattered insights of the individual groups. Bois, P.G. & Buurmans, K.A. (2006). RGBG Strategic Model,
GREEN PUBLIC SPACE a Scenario Analysis & Design Method. Delft University of
The resulting “Integration Map” shows that the method produces Coordinators: Antonio Galiano , Pablo Marti Technology. Available on request. www.atelieralmere.nl.
insight in the relationships, structure and (programmatic) Students: C. Coves , A. Esclapez , T. Pronk , J. Karlstedt , D. Ebru, [2] Originally, as the name of the method indicates, data input
potential of various areas, lines and places. Because of the F. Marquardt , D. Heimeriks , S. van der Sande , M. Jagielak , K. is reduced to key aspects of RED (building, dwelling), GREEN
uniform key, everyone who has anything to say about the subject Koper , R. Koszel (landscape, recreation, natural environment), BLUE (water) &
or area under examination can add his individual ideas and GREY (infrastructure). But obviously, the method can be applied
visions. The “resolution” of the emerging image increases with INFORMAL PUBLIC SPACE on practical all levels of scale from national and regional to
the quantity and diversity of input it accumulates. And, equally Coordinators: Flip Lambalk, Anneke Treffers the urban (although on the lower levels (R 3) programmatic
important, it is dynamic in the sense that it can incorporate a Students: E. Pérez, P. Gomez, J. Schol, A. Lijbers, F. Hoffmann, re¿nement can be desirable). The Berlin workshop in Marzahn is
multitude of viewpoints over an inde¿nite period of time. The F. Maurer, B. Schüssel, E. Oort, F. van der Veek, M. Kulczycka, B. one of the ¿rst experiments with a different type of legend that
resulting topological scheme is therefore a highly suitable Popiela distinguishes between different functions instead of the original
intermediate with regard to the ever persistent lapses between main RGBG themes.
analysis, concept and design. It is also a tool that may bridge INFRASTRUCTURE & PUBLIC SPACE [3] For more information on the background of this thesis:
the widening gap between conÀicting parties such as those Coordinators: Peter de Bois & Karen Buurmans ¶ Buurmans, K.A. (2006). The Labyrinth; a design-theoretical
advocating opposing public and private interest. Students: Carolina Gomez, Vanesa Sanchez, Gertjan Vlaar, Niels research into perception & use of urban structure. [MSC
Westmeijer, Jürgen Braig, Duc Nguyen, Max Wittkopp, Marjolijn graduation thesis] Delft University of Technology.
The background, method and results are elaborated further Bonnike, Frank van der Veek, Sera¿n Szyszka, Agnieszka Wielgosz [4] Parts of the text are extracted from aforementioned report.
Fifty-three architects from Berlin, Germany and all over the world
were invited to show that West Berlin was once again a city of
rank. Following Le Corbusier’s ideas, the new residential area was
conceived in a free composition of high-rise and free-standing
buildings complemented by a carpet settlement of bungalows
surrounded by a park. Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Oscar Nie-
meyer and the Scandinavian architects Alvar Aalto, Arne Jacob-
sen and others inÀuenced the Berlin architectural movement
with examples of beautifully ef¿cient buildings and interiors. “Up
until now, the Hansaviertel shows some of the best examples of
apartment Àoor plans”, as Berlin’s famous architect Joseph Paul
Kleihues said at the end of the 1990s. The variation of architecture
and typology and the small number of approx. 40 houses and
1,500 apartments is what makes area so successful. This district is
still very popular today.
At the same time the paradigm shifted in East Berlin from decora-
tive Stalinist architecture, laid out in traditional blocks, to a new
era of industrially produced prefabricated slab buildings, follow-
ing the process of destalinisation under Nikita Khrushchev. In the
1960s a number of prefabricated buildings (for 15,000 inhabit-
ants, instead of 40,000 who lived in the area before the war) and
several free-standing smaller buildings with shops, cafes and
restaurants were erected along Karl-Marx-Allee on the section
near to the East Berlin’s Alexanderplatz city centre.
.
point one is usually advised to ask again.
0 1 km
ĸ Fig. 3.1 Cognitive map boy (10-12), Berlage quarter, A’dam [2]
.
of the public domain in terms of socio-economic spin-off will
be compromised possibly to the point of segregation and the
0 1 km
Key to Symbols
railway
private transport (car)
public transport
pedestrian & bike routes
family, friends
immediate neighbourhood, street
retail, shopping, cinema
cafe, recreation, playground
school
home
ĸ Fig. 3.2 1st, 2nd, 3rd order analysis, total [2] Fig. 3.3 to 3.6 Correlation between Cognitive Map and through Three-Step analyis available Frame, R = 5 km [2] Ĺ
Urban Frame and Public Space For the urban frame facilitates the connection between its parts, detail no reason as to why we are there. Here essentially lies
between the physical-spatial and socio-economical construction the basis for our desire to be mobile and the allied need for
The manner in which the urban frame comes into being, of the city in casu. It represents the urban dynamics of that city orientation, navigation, “way¿nding”. Our need for safety and
transforms and is laid out, designed, in new towns or large and it creates the opportunities for the genesis of relationships ef¿ciency urges us to anticipate whatever it is we want to achieve
expansion areas greatly determines the development and and (social) interaction between the users of the public domain, or avoid.
functioning of public domain. between both individuals and groups of people. The urban frame
exempli¿es different ways of life, use and viewing and enables The cognitive map provides essential clues as to how this process
The frame basically serves three purposes: interaction. of orientation and anticipation on behalf of our socio-economical
behaviour is facilitated by the public frame and, hence, manifests
(1) to provide in the structural cohesion between the whole of In this complex whole of individual spatial rituals two basic itself in the public domain.
the urban system and it’s separate parts, i.e. the streets, squares, notions play a critical part: (1) the need for insight in the
parks and individual destinations that make up public domain; construction of the whole of the city, in other words the “context” Public domain and collective interest
(2) to facilitate its users in terms of time and ef¿ciency of of the space we roam; and (2) the need for insight in the parts
movement and action; of that city, the position of destinations, different functions and The genesis, development and design of the pubic domain
(3) to ensure freedom of choice with regard to accessibility and “details”. With these two notions the individual meets collective are part to a frail and uncertain relationship between private
use of public space apart from social class or status. consciousness: without context no idea where we are, without and public demands. Various collectively used spaces (e.g.
For the planners and designers responsible for the public this
means that they should be very aware of the matter of context,
the prerequisite of their task. The assignment comprises in the
¿rst place the question as to “why”. Only in second place it is
about the “how”, the solution. Under no circumstances it is about
proclaiming designer’s personal paradigm. Design is not an end
in itself, it is the means to an end that surpasses the designer’s
shopping centres, station areas, etc.) are only partly or not at all Fig. 4.1 t/m 4.6. Three-Step analyses of Dutch city squares [3] Ĺ pride whereas the signi¿cance of the public domain is a matter of
embedded in the public domain, but instead belong to a private long-term and collective nature. No cosmetic surgery, no botox
domain. Even though they do register on the cognitive map Comparative research into the way old and new market squares for public space.
they in fact represent a publicly accessible realm that belongs are positioned in their respective urban context shows that since
to a private interior as already drawn up by Giambattista Nolli the mid 20th century a discrepancy has emerged in the way the Shift in social paradigm
in his famous map of Rome (1748). Likewise it shows that this urban Frame actually connects these crucial areas to the city as
phenomenon is of all times. What binds these private and public a whole and therewith positions them within the urban context. The relationship between private and public parties as
areas, places, and even streets is a common need for a relevant In older, “organically” grown towns the relationship between the stakeholders in the public domain is subject to major changes.
and recognisable position within the urban context, the Frame collective nature of the market square is reÀected by its central Mid 20th century (society could be described in terms of
of the city. The signi¿cance of a place, its “genius loci”, comes position and wide reach within the urban fabric. Unfortunately, collective values and ideological characteristics (collective care,
with the ¿t between its function and content and to what extent the present-day pretty much autonomous traf¿c machine social coherence, equality). Government played a major part in
its users are accordingly provided. A market square for example implements cuts and measures that disturb the natural Àows directing and facilitating individual security and general socio-
is an excellent case of a place that enables a considerable and relationship to the point that the city in casu fragments both economic development on behalf of its citizens.
differentiation in use, attracts a large variety of users and usually spatially and functionally.
occupies a very central and recognisable position in the urban The necessary interaction between function and content of The mechanism of globalisation, dissolution of borders and
fabric. [¿gure 4.1 to 4.6] space on the one hand and its users on the other can only increasing prosperity affected society signi¿cantly. Present-
Fig. 6.1 t/m 6.9. Top down frame analysis of important axes in
Asterdam by means of “Space Syntax” [5] Ĺ
(1) the coastal area; (2) the beach and the pier of scheveningen;
and (3) the city centre with the Parliament buildings, the city
squares and shopping area, the tram tunnel, the City Hall and
the theatre area. In Delft these are: (3) the connection across the
highway to IKEA, the recreation area of the “Delftse Hout” and
the connection to the dwelling areas of Pijnacker. Further along
the line lies the landscape area of “Midden Delfand” (Central
DelÀand) and eventually in Rotterdam there can be found:
(4) “Blijdorp” Zoo; (5) the City Hall with a number of squares
including the cultural area around the “Doelen”; (6) the new
.
“Koopgoot” shopping area; (7) the river fronts, the “Maasbrug”
(Meuse Bridge) and “Maasboulevard” Meuse Boulevard) and the
recent developments on the “Kop van Zuid” pensinsula; (8) the
“Zuidplein” (South Square) as centre of Rotterdam South; and
eventually (9) the landscape area south of Rotterdam. Fig. 8.1 to 8.11 “STOA” analyse Rotterdam [7] Ĺ
‘I believe that the idea of a building is born with an early intuition. I got the idea to write something about Genius Loci in the sum- A few days before I red on the internet, searching Marzahn, about
A small watercolour sketch fuses intuition with a concept and mer, when I visited an exhibition about Architecture and Intuition Geisterhauser and the lost spirit of the neighbourhood.
embodies hope and desires.” in an old and famous institute for mental illnesses in Gand. The In the exposition was also a work of art from a Belgium artist:
Steven Holl exhibition was a coproduction between the Belgian Dr.Guislan In- MAP for walker and traveller. (Annlies De Smet)
stitute and the German Architecture museum in Frankfurt (DAM). It was a Mental Map about the Genius Loci of the site. A nice 19th
century complex, were mentally de¿cient people were located
mostly for their lifetime.
The Spirit of Place into the ¿eld of architectural theory. His book: Genius Loci, To-
wards a Phenomenology of Architecture 1)is internationally well
Genius Loci is a Roman concept according to an ancient Roman know.
belief every “independent” being has its GENIUS; its guardian Phenomenology is a meaning in philosophy that begins with an
spirit. This spirit gives life to people and places, accompanies exploration of phenomena (things). What presents itself to us in
them from birth to death, and determines their character or es- conscious experience?
sence. Even the Gods had their genius, a fact which illustrates the From direct and intuitive experiences of phenomena man can
fundamental nature of the concept. derive essential qualities of the phenomena. (“That which shows
itself in itself”).
The genius thus denotes what a thing is, or what it “wants to be”, Phenomenology can be seen as critical on alienation of man by
to use a word of Louis Kahn. rationalism.
It is not necessary in our context to go into the history of the (1920: Husserl, Hegel, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty but also Sartre
concept of genius. It suf¿ces to point out that it was of great and Derrida.)
existential importance to keep good relationship with the genius
of the place in a physical as well as in a psychic sense.
WESTHAUSEN SIEDLUNG
by border streets, both blocks have the same layout but only
because bathrooms and stairs are exchanged in both buildings.
These two different situations mean two different green spaces
related to both blocks of Àats facing the same orientation. The
¿rst one, the access façade in which from the street the sequence
is: street, semi public space, private space and access to Àats,
becomes a complex and interesting solution compared to others
seen. In the second case, the green space between blocks of Àats
is a closed space with a very small private garden belonging to
the ground Àoor Àat and a semi public unde¿ned space between
blocks of Àats.
As it has been said, the inÀuence of these models was quite im-
portant in a lot of European countries. In this respect in Alicante
-Spain- it is also possible to ¿nd other examples of different use
of similar spaces.
Two examples of that kind of space is Juan XXIII district –¿rst and
second housing development- in which the different use of those
spaces between blocks can be also studied. The ¿rst neigh-
bourhood has a main street bordering all buildings from which
secondary streets -that allow the access to Àats- arise. This hous-
ing development is a clear example of the repeated sequence:
secondary street, access to houses, block of Àats, green area and
again. In this case green areas are mainly used as an element that
only separates both blocks and gives better views to all Àats.
Apart from the fact that the space between blocks is behind the
commercial buildings, the secondary path that allows the access
to Àats and the space between blocks is in two different levels
and the result is that those spaces become actually disused.
The interesting aspect concerning green areas that this project has been fenced. The second example following a residential building –that represents the neighbourhood in the city- have
offers is the hierarchy of green areas from the lowest level -green unit project is a smaller development but its green space is very been situated. In this case the remarkable use of the public space
space in the residential units- to the highest level -the central area popular and used one. All different blocks are situated around is reinforced by the higher density of the block nearby and the
of the district- through the neighbourhood green area. As three the green space and close to it a market and a high apartment commercial activity of the market.
different level of green areas are connected as a network, it is
possible to go from each one of the residential units to the neigh-
bourhood park and then to the central district open space.
First I would like you to know, that P.S. in terms of squares are
only existing in the European culture, there is nothing as P.S. in
the Arabian or Islamic world.
Therefore we consider the development of P.S. is a result of cul-
ture and religious inÀuence.
Yes, there are rules, and I would like, to talk to you about; then I
would like to give you an impression by going back to the histori-
cal roots and by reporting the development ever since.
The next historical phase I would like to look at, is the famous pe- Considering this, these places also have a clear urban code, 5
riod of the Renaissance, which was a kind of revival of the antique rules:
period. Some of the most exciting places that still existing today,
where built during the 15 and 16 century. - The styling of the square is like a room, surrounded
Look at Vicenca, Rom, Venice, the whole world of Mediterranean by walls. You can enter the square as you are entering
culture. As an export product you can also ¿nd this in England, a room, through a door and you cannot look around the
France, Netherlands, Poland, and of course in Germany. next corner. There are no axes running across the
square from one end to the other.
The urban design of the period gave us a picture of a social soci- Once on the square, you experience a close perspec-
ety: the size of the towns was small enough, that the inhabitants tive, exits, such as streets are not visible, this stimulates
– similar as it was in Greek settlements - knew each other. They peoples curiosity, where to turn next.
knew about their professions and their family affairs. - Because the P.S. is a show room for the community
P.S. in these communities became the best room, show-room for the centre was kept clear, there is no statue, monu-
common affairs. Something like what is a living room for the fam- ments or other things in the middle, except there could
ily life is the P.S. for common life. be a water fountain, water as an element of life, is rep-
These rooms are the centre of all common activities, such as resenting life.
gatherings, religious processions, but also for communicating in - The ground was styled like a carpet, stretching from
restaurants or on the places directly. one end to the other; the neutral surface would give
way for a Àexible use of the square.
- Monuments, churches, statues, or other famous build-
ings were integrated into the walls along the square
with no outstanding position. They were part of the
sides. Monuments were part of common life, they were
not yet meant to represent individual power.
- The next rule is a bit dif¿cult to explain, because it
relates to the proportion of squares:
If a monument is placed on the small side of a square,
they call it a„Square of length“.
If a monument is placed on the long side .., it is called a
“square of width“
The hight of the buildings is related to the proportion of
the square.
On these places, you get the impression of the best room of the
community. The room is closed, there are a lot of streets, like
doors entering this place, but you can’t see through, and that
makes us curious.
The result of the growth of the population is, that the city mutated
to a scene (a stage) of presenting the vanities of their inhabitants.
People no longer knew each other, they became anonymous
strangers.
It was no longer ¿tting to ask for the profession of someone, or to
deal (bargain) for prices of product on the market.
The way people were dressed became more and more important,
Holger already mentioned that during the 19th century due to In order to ¿ght these unbearable conditions the people tried on
industrialization the cities became highly condensed. their own to counterweight the backward movement of conserva-
Railways which could transport huge numbers of people within tive leaders, also they were searching for solutions to eliminate
the city were established. Due to this fact, many people moved the catastrophic living conditions.
from the city centre to the outskirts where industrial plants also
settled. During the ¿rst part of the 20th century, a series of counter move-
That ment a concentration of living and industrial sites at the out- ments in art, in architecture and urban development emerged.
skirts. As a result cultural institutions, shops, banks and adminis- Functionality, abstraction, reduction to the essential, clarity and
tration centres now moved to the city centres and characterized - honesty of form and shape was most important.
together with political institutions - the life in these areas. Because
of the city core lost its historical function as a living space the This was the time of futurism, cubism, constructivism, of “Bau-
meaning of the inner city changed . haus”, the group “de Stijl” and others.
The most important demands were technical and functional ef-
Social conditions also played an important role: fectiveness. This explains the new terms arising during this time
Powerful community groups tried to strengthen their social such as “traf¿c machine” or “living machine”. All these terms
position and defended their current eclectic forms, their social demonstrate the special emphasis on a clear functional demand.
arrogance and their codes of social behaviour.
Public spaces used to be important places where these groups Out of these scenarios completely new ideas of city live came up:
could express their importance and relevance within the society In 1915 Le Corbusier outlined the city constructed on support-
(the central part of the boulevard “Kurfürstendamm” used to be ing pillars with an elevated pedestrian level and with underneath
a riding trail where these groups presented themselves and the space for traf¿c.
beauty of their horses). So you can see that the intention was a horizontal separation of
These groups used the streets and places as a forum of self- different functions, where the individual road users have their
presentation. own “platform”. There was no thought about city-”space”.
In contrast, the streets and backyards of the poverty plagued On another outline Le Corbusier explained the advantages of a
areas became the living space where poor peoples daily live took tower town because of its vastness and the large green spaces
place. The reason for that was the extremely poor living condi- within. This offered residents cleaner air than the traditional city
tions in their Àats and houses. with its structural composed street-”spaces”.
And my next image shows the sketch for Voisin from 1925. This
is surely one of the most popular urban-planning projects of Le
Corbusier which has had a decisive inÀuence on later planned
new city districts such as Marzahn.
Just as in Marzahn the areas between the buildings in Voisin are
on a large scale and anonymous.
The city-space is no longer seen as a social organization but as a
geometrical grouping.
In this case an emission-free living in a suburban estate full of
greenery is more important than the common “public” space of a
community which was found in the traditional town.
The young history of Marzahn is only 20 years old. On November should be knocked out of the resentment about the “Àat misery”.
30th in 1977 the ¿rst was residential building in slab structure Finally the district “Berlin-Marzahn” was found on January 5th
¿nished. Ten years later already 150.000 people got a new home, 1979.
while until 1975 only 16.168 inhabitants lived in Marzahn and The district of Marzahn was constituted by parts of the districts
Biesdorf. But both of the villages are located on a ground, which Lichtenberg and Weißensee and included a territory of 5.700 ha
is settled since thousands of years and their building history can with 81.789 inhabitants in 1980. After the completion of 59.300
be traced back at more than 750 years. Àats in the new building area, the number of inhabitants in Mar-
zahn increased to 180.161 until the end of 1985.
Until the 1920th the city of Berlin and the towns and villages in
the environment (and among them also Marzahn) developed
mainly autonomous. The long-distance railway, the city- and the
circulating train, the waterways, the big arterial roads and the civ-
ic canalization with its sewage ¿elds, but also the civic hospitals,
cemeteries, stockyards and slaughter houses as well as military Maurer, Fabian
institutions became the regulating and connecting elements.
All these institutions were on the one hand necessary for the
functioning of the metropolis and on the other hand contribu-
tory for the urban development of Marzahn itself. Shortly after
the year 1900 Marzahn has developed to a settlement location.
With the law that found a new corporate town in 1920 also the
rural communities Biesdorf and Marzahn became part of the
district “XVII Berlin-Lichtenberg”. The incorporation of the village
Biesdorf brought 3.071 new inhabitants into Berlin; Marzahn
chipped in 745 inhabitants.
THE 3 STEPS OF DEVELOPMENT After the spin off of the parts Hellersdorf, Kaulsdorf and Mahlsdorf The conception of area 2 has been started in 1975. It was cre-
in connection to the foundation of the district of Berlin-Hellersdorf ated during the years of 1978 and 1984 in the area south of the
on May 31st 1986, the territory of Mahrzahn still had 158.480 “Landsberger Allee” and north of “Pölchaustraße”, bordered
inhabitants on an area of 3.150 ha. by “Märkische Allee” and the brook “Wuhle” as well as the big
CENTRE OF THE 1st AREA: THE HELENE-WEIGEL-PLATZ leisure park, where the international gardens can be found nowa-
days.
Area 1 was built up from 1976 to 1985 based on the urban
conceptions of Peter Schweizer, Heinz Graffunder, Thorleif Neuer,
Jörg Piesel and Dieter Schulze and based on the design of Edith The “Allee der Kosmonauten” can be seen as the main axis trough
Diehl, Joachim Felke and Wolf-R. Eisentraut. the area. The Special feature here was the interweaving and inte-
A department store has been built at the square but for the time gration of the old village core and the settlement area in the south
being no cinema and no town hall, as it was planned – those only with its detached houses. The old village was planned to be kept
followed in 1981 and 1989. The position of the town hall was and involved from the very beginning of the planning procedure.
originally planned to be at the “Marzahner Promenade”, which is The old core, which is listed as a historic monument since 1977,
actually part of area 3, but the very interesting plans of Eisentraut could be shielded from the new building area by the completion
and Bock for completing the square with these additions was of the two big main streets “Landsberger Allee” and “Allee der
quite convincing. Kosmonauten”.
THE 2nd AREA CLUTCHES THE VILLAGE THE 3rd AREA BECOMES THE HEART OF THE DISTRICT
3,0
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! WOMEN MEN
As you can see on the graph, half of the population could be MITTE
tagged as “young” in 1990. After the reunion, a very drastic aging
CHALOTTENBURG-WILMERSDORF
process can be observed.
Compared to the city of Berlin, represented through the un¿lled TEMPELHOF-SCHOENEBERG
circles, the importance of this development gets even more obvi- FRIEDRICHSHAIN-KREUZBERG
ous. NEUKOELLN
BERLIN
REINICKENDORF
STEGLITZ-ZEHLENDORF
60 SPANDAU
TREPTOW-KOEPENICK
50
PANKOW
40 % -1 8 -15 -1 2 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15 18
30
10 zahn- Hellersdorf lost around 16% of its population. FRIEDRICHSHAIN- KREUZBERG 23,1
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2005
2010
2015
2020
BERLIN 13,3
On the right you see the rate of foreigners in Marzahn- Hellersdorf SPANDAU 12,8
5$7,2<281*3(23/(0$5=$+1 5$7,2<281*3(23/(%(5/,1 Russian immigrants that possess a German passport and are not PANKOW 6,5
represented in the calculation. Due to this fact, nobody actually MARZAHN- HELLERSDORF 3,6%
5$7,22/'3(23/(0$5=$+1 5$7,22/' 3(23/(%(5/,1 knows how many of them live in the district. Estimations speak of TREPTOW- KOEPENICK 3,4
15 to 25.000 people. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
“ An often defective, uncharitable design as well as limited us- Social planning objectives
ability of the narrower surrounding ambience.”
- Public relations of landlords
- Highly calibrated, typed apartment Àoor plans - Periodical maintenance of the outside ambience
- Missing potential of an individual apartment usage - Monetary aid of estate forms
- Low housing standard - Stabilization of assorted population forms
- Widespread constructional damages and - Perfecting of the surrounding ambience
defects, especially in the ranges of drainages, facades, - Development of the social and cultural infrastructure of
sanitary facilities and staircases the development areas
most of the interviewed persons tell us, they really like living in
marzahn because they had been the privileged ones who got
their own new Àat with bathroom, toilet and kitchen in the 70s
and they still have that spirit in mind.
one lady tells us that many tourists had been carried there to
show the world how perfectly families can live in socialism – but
most of the advantages had been facade – inside the building you
had the hard and grey concrete.
TECHNICAL DETAILS
MODULAR SYSTEM:
6x6 m
WEIGHT:
63 KN
BUILDING DEPTH:
12 m
FLOOR HEIGHT:
2.8 m
SUBTRACTING PARTS
RENEWAL
Total high rise renewal: 12.500 (100%)
In the nineties a huge renewal started. No longer was the idea to
improve the original plan, basically that is now of¿cially seen as Demolition high rise apartments: -6.550 (52%)
unsuccessful. Key for the renewal is the opinion of the current New and renewal area: 7.450
inhabitants. Renovation and sale/repositioning; -2.000 (16%)
In a big investigation is held, with 3.556 inhabitants cooperating, a Of which low rent: 2.250Renovation and rent: -3.950 (32%)
response of a whopping 77%. Of which high rent: 5.200
New housing supply:13.400 Renewed honeycomb building with new housing
Most people are in favour of demolishing the Àats (68%). 60%
The multicultural city of Amsterdam has in Zuid-Oost a example There was another exceptional informal activity in the Bijlmer. A
how to live together. With a diverse society and a lot of cultural competition organized by the Surinamese inhabitants. It was a
event’s it’s a place one can be proud off. The Dutch butcher bird singing contest also called ‘kwa kwa’s’, two caged birds were
greets the surinamese bakery on the other side of the street. set towards each other and the one who sang the most won the
match. This grew out to become a frequent gathering on Sunday
Thirty years ago this wasn’t the case. Back then 40.000 people morning.
lived in the Bijlmer. Many of them with a different cultural back-
ground. With the CIAM study on urban living, the Bijlmer was And the kwakoe festival is a good example how a informal cul-
constructed to house many people in high rise Àats with a lot of tural festival grow out to a city wide cultural event. It began as a
public spaces and parks. Back then there weren’t a lot of cultural football competition that was organized by a youth organization.
public spaces. And with a lack of formal public space, informal To live up to the tradition of the Surinamese people that are used
activities began to emerge. Like praying together on Sunday in to play sports on a Sunday. This a family affair.
a small room reserved for a gallery or a park with some animals
which grow out to be a children’s farm.
The problem began that the public spaces reserved for these
activities were not ready or not planned at all. In a way that was
understandable, men wanted to create a utopia for the modern
man. One with a different way of living.
It’s hard to register informal activities, and with its positive sides
it also has its downsides. For example, with no other way to park
your car except in the parking garages. The people of Bijlmer
used the public garage for maintenance and repairs.
With informal activities, no social control, the anonymity, more
criminal activities began to take place. What once was a informal
solution to a formal problem began to grow to criminal propor-
tions. In the new plans the parking garages which once stood
along the Bijlmerdreef have been replaced.
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REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 64
3$5735(3$5$725<678'(17:25.&$6(678'<%,-/0(50((5
Julius Biervliet & Niels Westmeijer (Hogeschool van Amsterdam)
Originally formal places in the Bijlmer or Amsterdam South-East With the new plans for re-development now executed a lot of a renewed sports centre. These developments form a solid base
we’re located on the ¿rst Àoor of the Àats. Other locations we’re the original formal places we’re moved to locations that we’re against the problem causing informal activities.
underneath the parking garages or on some particular places in proven to work much better, and could hold the formal activities.
buildings with public facilities spread in the Bijlmer. These places we’re located around some central roads and near Besides the informal activities with a negative reputation there are
the metro and train stations in brand new buildings replacing a lot of activities that started as informal but - through growing
This we’re the original plans, but they didn’t worked out that way. the problem causing buildings. Because of of¿ce development attention from the neighbourhood and other people in Amster-
Because of a different development than projected the Bijlmer around the Bijlmerstation – that also recently has been replaced dam- turned into formal activities. These transformed activities
soon got a bad reputation. The formal places didn’t worked out with a brand new building – with a high formal image. This also (from informal to formal) give the Bijlmer it’s reputation of multi-
like the CIAM idea had projected. They turned into places with caused the improvement for formal places such as a shopping cultural society.
informal activities that we’re causing a lot of problems. centre, the city district facilities of Amsterdam South-East,
Ÿ
Sections of the original plans for the Bijlmermeer and the changes
made with the redevelopment of the Bijlmermeer. Very clear is
the movement of the formal spaces from the ¿rst Àoor of the high
rise and the parking garages to the new shopping centre. Also
replacement of most of the high rise Àats by low rise houses. Last
thing is undoing the dividing of the infrastructure over several
levels.
Ź
Projection of the honeycomb shaped high rise Àats in the
canal system of the city centre of Amsterdam. The formally
shaped buildings placed in the formal shaped canal system.
ŹŹ
Projection of the canal system of the city centre of Amsterdam in
between the surrounding roads of Amsterdam South-East,
the Bijlmermeer. Showing the scale of the of the Bijlmermeer.
and services where always seen as something that would be that the many garages where ¿nished years after the Àats, and in order to renew the commercial
placed in the surrounding areas between the buildings and in the because of the lack of public funding the garages where build structure of the Bijlmermeer. The renewal of the “Bijlmer” was
neighbourhood and regional buildings. The Àats each had one or without the multifunctional aspects. Among other things the necessary in order to repair economic, social and image prob-
several added buildings at ground level. These additions to the surveillance system, the car wash and repairing areas where cut lems. Economic problems are strongly related to the commercial
buildings where supposed to have commerce and supportive out of the program. Commerce was not to be placed in the areas side of the Bijlmermeer.
functions for the inhabitants of the Àat. This would be art room’s around the Àats. These where supposed to be placed in tree
garages and child care. Social centres weren’t part of the plan, special shopping zones and in some of the parking garages and A new commercial structure is the product of several renewal
these where mend to spring up eventually when there was a under the elevated road. Of course the interior of the shopping plans. These plans are made with a philosophy that is mainly
need. These centres would contain many different industries and areas could only be started when the parking garages where ¿n- the opposite of the original plans. The original plans that where
services, like shops, businesses, cultural,- and health informa- ished, as described this was many years after the ¿nishing of the made by CIAM (more speci¿c: Le Corbusier) were based on
tion. This would create a lively and interesting atmosphere. The houses. The commerce that was suppose to be placed in the join- a functional concept which relied on the division of functions.
neighbourhood centres where to be placed inside the parking ing buildings was set-up by a workgroup wish with the approval Several new plans where made for the improvement of the Bijlm-
garages. These garages would also be a gate. Mailboxes, shops, of the inhabitants. This workgroup cancelled most buildings and a ermeer, these plans are based on a mix of functions instead of a
businesses, public phones, waiting arrears and kiosks, would foundation would be the caretaker for any needs. strong division. The idea behind this concept is to mix functions
boost this effect. in order to make the environment more attractive and lively. An-
What happened Progression in the Bijlmermeer related to the commercial exploi- other positive effect of this concept is that the entire Bijlmermeer
A downside to this is that due to many delays the initial plans of tation. area will be more crowded during the whole day which results in
The main axis that can be seen in the middle of the illustration
(horizontal orientated) is called the Bijlmerdreef. According to the
new environmental plans the Dreef will contain a wide variety of
commercial functions in the near future. The marginal note shows
which buildings already are occupied with commercial functions.
Strongly noticeable in this section of the plan is the spreading of
the numerous commercial functions. The buildings parallel to the
Bijlmerdreef are mend to have various functions. A concentration
of the mixed functions can be found near the various metro and
train station that the Bijlmermeer possesses. Major commercial
exploitation can be found at the so called “ArenA boulevard”
mainly big enterprises occupy this area and exploit cultural and
commercial functions such as an arena, various music stages,
FIG. 2 SITUATED BETWEEN HARBOUR AND CITY CENTRE FIG. 4 HAPPY FAMILIES
The main roads are east-west orientated. The side streets are
perpendicularly positioned on the main roads.
In the east area, they divert from the east-west direction
comparing to the west (¿g. 2).
- Four connections are made over the water. The structure will FIG. 6 STREET PROFILE FIG. 8 FRAME
become more uniform.
- The connection to the centre of the town is made in the 2th
order by lengthen the already existing 2th order streets. Now the
Bos en Lommer square is connected to a much larger area. There
are three ways to the centre instead of one.
- More crossings must be made over the highway. There is
already a transformed crossing near the square. You can see the
differences in the frame.
The pro¿le of the streets differ. The main roads have wide pro-
¿les, including public transport (¿g. 8-9). The smaller, north-south
orientated streets are more narrow (¿g. 6). This division makes
the infrastructure readable for the inhabitants.
FIG.1 COMBINATION WATER AND GREEN FIG.3 SEMI- PUBLIC SPACE WITH AN OPEN CHARACTER- MEANT TO BE FIG.5 CREATED PRIVATE SPACE THROUGH BOUNDARIES- RESULT
TRANSFORMATIONS
SportParkStad is a new urban project in which formal functions
play a big role in the social coherence. In the plan, different
housing projects (aimed at starters, students and seniors) will be FIG. 2 - PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH MINIMUM INCOME AND ETHNIC-
developed around the sport facilities (¿g. 4). Sport brings people ITY (L)
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD WITH MINIMUM INCOME AND HOUSEHOLD FIG. 4 - SPORTPARKSTAD
together, no matter what their colour, age or ideologies are. This TYPE (R)
is a clear example of a formal function being used to inÀuence the
public domain and the enrich the quality of a neighbourhood. REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 74
3$5735(3$5$725<678'(17:25.&$6(678'<$067(5'$0%26(1/200(5
A. van der Veen, B.J. van den Bosch, S. Pieterse, L. Capota, S. van der Sande, D. Heimeriks, E. Oort, S. Commandeur, M. Bonnike, F. van der Veek
In the Bos en Lommer area we can distinguish three types
of commercial usages.
After the city of Amsterdam annexed the little village, the ‘square’
kept it’s important function as a meeting place.
During the 60’s the new A10 highway made an end to this, and
divided the neighbourhood in two.
Luckily nowadays there is a bridge connecting the two parts again
and the old function of the market square is turned back to it’s
original function
FIG.1 CONNECTIVITY BEFORE THE BRIDGE FIG.3 CONNECTIVITY AFTER THE BRIDGE
FIG.2 CONNECTIVITY BEFORE THE BRIDGE FIG.4 CONNECTIVITY AFTER THE BRIDGE
The state of greenery within the area is of a poor quality the pub- FIGURE 1: STORAGE SPACES AND GARAGE UNITS FIGURE 3: STORAGE SPACES IN THE PLINTH
lic green is badly maintained.
And they can form hiding places for those of bad will. The green-
ery between the apartment blocks can be described as uninhabit-
able unused or badly maintained places. While there are several
playing ¿elds around there is evidence off the need for a playing
¿eld directly next to the apartment houses where parents can
watch over their children.
Some of the recently renovated houses received private gardens.
These private gardens can generate a better atmosphere.
Other uses of these corridors and tunnels are less positive. For
example these spots can quickly become trash dumps or popular
public toilets (¿g. 9/10).To reduce problems whithin the area, the
municipality and the local inhabitants have put up signs to ¿ght
back ( ¿g. 10/11) FIGURE 6: PRIVATE GARDENS WITH UGLY OPEN FENCING FIGURE 8: CORRIDOR BECOMES PRIVATE GYM
FIGURE 5: PLAYING FIELD IN UNDEFINED GREEN FIGURE 7: UGLY OPEN FENCE HIDDEN BY UGLY CLOSED FENCE FIGURE 9: TRASH DUMP
Although the area at ¿rst glance looks pretty good when you look
closer you can see evidence of something else. Its dif¿cult to see
how old these signs are since the local government has started a
cleanup campaign during this summer. Maybe this has something
to do with the fact that there is not much informal activity going
on in the streets. Are these signs off times passed by? Or is there
a side which we did not witness.
FIGURE 10: “PLEASE DO NOT DO YOUR BUSINESS HERE” FIGURE 12: SMALL SHOPS FIGURE 14: YOUTHFUL ARTWORK ON ELECTRICITY BOX
These areas haven’t got too many public services and were
disconnected between them, seeing as many immigrants settled
there in the 1960’s and 1970’s. These areas divided the city unity
because they were separated from city by huge nondeveloped
spaces. The main road network set up is using a grid system,
with badly planned housing developments. The typical building
structure is open blocks and independent buildings, where the
internal space is unused and lacking in a special urban dedication.
Developments have a high density and are overcrowded; the bad
construction of the dwellings, contribute to the degradation of
these areas.
problems that were present in the centre of the city. It is situated 4-5
6 and more
away from the city centre and hasn’t any means of transport. 1978
However, it has been able to develop because of private trans-
port. The inhabitants from this area are middle class, excluding DWELLINGS/BUILDING
workers because of the high price of these houses. 20 and more
15 to 19
10 to 14
From the beginning of 19th century, this area was already oc-
cupied by some cottages, which were the foundations for the POPULATION
future area. The new buildings started to develop together with more than 2000
1750-2000
farms. At the beginning of the 20th century, and thanks to the 1500-1750
1250-1500
tram which helped urban growth, it was possible for ¿rst time to 1000-1250
750-1000
live away from their workplaces. They set up here in ground Àoor- 500-750
houses. From the 1950s onwards, the Los Angeles district started 2002 less than 250
2 2 21
3. Plaza lo Morant 3
This neighbourhood is a popular residential area with excellent
accessibility and high quality public spaces in the middle of the
blocks; because it is a public park.
2
4. Benissaudet
1
3
It is characterized by the recent constructions with the typical het-
erogeneous typologies; in fact, the area’s infrastructure is mainly
formed by the former ceramic industries. Now there are isolated
3
buildings with fence and private open spaces without shops or of-
¿ces. These buildings are taller than the buildings from the other 3
areas, and their inhabitants are medium class young people. 4
3 2-4
5. Los Ángeles
This area has a different typology and morphology and it was cre-
ated in the 60s to accommodate social housing. There are typical 4
4 4
1
5
4 4 5 51
The most important green space is Lo Morant Park, and it’s so big I A B
that structures the whole district.
The rest of the green spaces that we can ¿nd in the district are
small parks and squares which are inside their own area and are
much smaller than Lo Morant.
So we have a very big green area surrounded by the different
areas of the district each one with its own small square or garden.
They different squares are:
Gascuñana Dr. Square C
Lo Morant square C D
Vicente Aleixandre Park E
Los Ángeles Park
Ángeles square
San Nicolás Park
F
Virgen del Remedio Park
Orán and Argel square
There is an easy way to link Lo Morant Park with the rest of the
A
green areas due to the short distance and small size of the differ- I
ent areas. That is the reason why the inhabitants can use both. E F
G
Every small green area is related to its own part of the district. B
And it supports the surrounding buildings.
The Lo Morant Park is a green area that’s included in the city
structure later than the others parks. That is the reason why it
isn’t integrated with the rest. Besides the fact, Lo Morant Park
is a closed park with only a few entrees. So Lo Morant Park has
D
the identity of a city garden and the other green areas have the H
The royal route It is not surprising that such an interesting environment is a mag-
net for people and a place where all kinds of commercial services
The Royal Route is a sequence of streets and squares starting thrive. In the same time the wide offer of services attract even
by the FloriaĔska Gate (the former main city gate) and leading more people, and so the wheel spins....
through the old city to the Wawel Castle. For this presentation we
have also included the new square in front of the railway station The wild commercialization of the public space has also visual
and new shopping mall, assuming that it’s a logical continuation drawbacks. The out sprawl of uncontrolled advertisement ob-
of the mentioned sequence. scures the buildings and blocks lines of sight. Also the aesthetic
THE CLOTH HALL IN THE MARKET SQUARE BY NIGHT of many small kiosks, trolleys etc. used for commercial purposes
is doubtful. On the other hand, they add a lively element to the
The unique quality of the plan lies in the way in which the univer- city, distinguishing it, for example, from the perfect German
sal geometrical model was adapted to the local situation. The grid ‘innenstadt’s.
was angled and deformed to allow incorporation of earlier exist-
ing elements, mainly churches and the castle. The most obvious Popularity of the Old City has led to a situation where nearly all
example of this is the delta-like Grodzka street linking the Market the buildings are already used for commercial activities. There
with the castle through the area of earlier are hardly any real ‘local inhabitants’ left there, and this seems
settlements (Okóá, All Saints Square). to be a bad sign for the area. It is likely to lose the authenticity, be-
This excellent urban composition has survived through the centu- coming a sort of open air museum, or even worse, a theme park.
ries nearly untouched. On the contrary, the architecture has been Many people from Cracow have already started to choose other
changing through time, with every epoch changing the existing districts (Kazimierz) for socializing, because of overcrowding of
and building new elements. All that changes add up to create the Market Place. If this tendency continues the tourists are likely
what we can see today. The variety of architectural styles, it’s rich to conquest it completely. This will lessen the importance of the
detail provides a wonderful decoration of the public spaces, while area as a public space (a ‘saloon’) for the city.
the strong urban composition ensures order and makes orienta-
tion easy.
BLACK MAP WITH COMPOSITIONAL AXES-NOWA HUTA AREA PUBLIC SPACE IN THE PEDESTRIAN-ONLY PART OF ALEJA RÓĩ
KROWODRZA GÓRKA pavement serves as a communication and public space connect- The age pro¿le of the population is rather balanced, and doesn’t
ing the dwellings, important services end public transport. seem to become a serious problem in near future Social groups
are diverse. There is a slight majority of old or middle age peo-
Low, residential buildings are aligned crosswise to the main axis, ple, but there are also young people in the community. They enli-
attached as ‘ribs’ to the ‘spine’ of the main axis. They are skillfully ven the area participating in local sport clubs or cultural activities.
angled to create differentiated urban interiors. More space is
allowed in the centre where the services were originally planned.
Higher buildings are located on the outside of the area, de¿ning
it’s border, and providing visual accents, which close the spaces
between the horizontal buildings in the middle.
Between the housing there are playgrounds, car parks, public and
green spaces. Leaving the vehicle communication on the outside
of the area enabled planners to give nearly all the inside space to
pedestrians. The whole main pedestrian axis is not crossed by a INFORMAL ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA-KROWODRZA-GÓRKA
single road.
The areas like this are hard to evaluate. On the one hand, most
people seem to be satis¿ed with the quality of life there. Surpris-
ingly, they also feel safe, although the ‘outsiders’ will not like to
go around Ruczaj at night. The area satis¿es all the basic needs
(necessary activities), but for anything more (activities of choice),
BLACK MAP WITH COMPOSITIONAL AXES-RUCZAJ AREA one has to go to the city centre.
CASE STUDY SYNTHESIS-KROWODRZA GÓRKA CASE STUDY SYNTHESIS-MARKET SQUARE-ROYAL ROUTE -general conclusion
lost
COMMERCIAL IDENTITY
CONNECTIVITY
The commercial areas are well connected by train. The shops
near the Ringkolonaden are place on the most important route to
the station.
The connection by car is weak. You have to drive around the
neighbourhood to get to the commercial areas
The walking distance between the two most important commer-
cial areas is about 1 kilometre . This is to long to walk. It is pos-
sible to use the tram connection between the two areas.
TRANSPARENCY
For the map we used the ground Àoor facades as measure point
for the transparency. The Eastgate facade is mostly closed and
therefor introvert, it does not add to the quality of the public
space.
Through the Marzahner Promenade the facades are semi open,
which is good in theory, but it cannot compensate for the lack of
activity.
ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere around the different commercial areas varies.
The Eastgate has a lot of activity so the atmosphere is good. You
don’t feel “alone”. Also on an urban scale, the buildings around
the Eastgate area are placed relatively close together and give
spatial guidance, which adds to a better atmosphere.
But on the Marzahner Promenade the atmosphere gets less
pleasant, there are a lot of empty shops and the maintenance of
the buildings is neglected. And the section is to wide, there is no
orientation.
East Gate
Freizeit Forum
Marzahner Promenade
The type of people in the different commercial areas are not the same. The Eastgate is very popular
amongst the youth. The Freizeit Forum is being used mostly by the older people, who go swimming and
relax there. The Marzahner promenade is used by all adults.
STRENGTH WEAKNESS
EASTGATE ATTRACTS CHAINSTORES SHOPS ARE DIVIDED IN GROUPS MISSING IDENTITY->HARD TO ORIENTATE
SHOPS ARE ON GROUND FLOOR SPACE NOT OF HUMAN SCALE GAP BETWEEN LUXURY AND LOCAL
OPPORTUNITY THREAT
LONG WALKING DISTANCE BETWEEN COMMERCIAL EXISTING COMMERCIAL STRUCTURE GROUND FLOOR lOCAL SHOPS CANT COMPETE TO EASTGATE
COMMERCIAL CENTRE MOVED TO SOUTH EAST ABANDONED BUILDING -> FLEXIBILITY DEMOLISHING large SCALE PROVIDES UNPLEASANT FEELING
SWOT ANALYSES
The SWOT analyzes is a good way to measure the
positive and negative elements of a plan.
CONCLUSION • In Marzahn the business people need to rent their buildings. It would be better to spread the shops out over two or three
Marzahn is in a current state of mid-life crisis. This is the result of: centres and make it a part of the urban structure. The commer-
• The shrinking city phenomenon which creates a lot of empti- This is not as attracting as buying and the buyers will take better cial space needs to be in a better balance with the other types
ness, empty apartments empty shops and empty spaces in care of their own buildings in terms of maintenance and image. of space as: green, infrastructure, formal and informal. A better
between without a clear identity. As result of this the buildings are This will also attract people from other layers of the society which frame is needed that allows you to make your own circuits. Shops
neglected, won’t get updated and the atmosphere is gone. will contribute to the enrichment of the society of Marzahn. are not depressing, this should be made more inviting, ground
Àoor facades should be more transparent.
• A lack of balance, harmony and interaction between the differ- The transition between the residential part of the building and the
ent types of spaces and people. Green and unde¿ned spaces are commercial needs to be articulated. The scale and height of the
dominating in this strictly blue collar neighbourhood. buildings are too massive this should be made more human and
needs to have variety so it will help you orientate. The commer-
• A poor frame that does not allow the people of Marzahn to cial plan should be integrated with the plans for the other spaces
create their own circuits. As a result of this the three commercial to really make it work.
centres: East Gate, Marzahner Promenade and the Ringkolonaden
have a bad connection by foot, car, bike and public transportation.
AL
I
AY
• 75% of the people come for shopping but for leisure only 15%
ERC
will come into the centre. This means that Marzahn is missing a
COM
BW
space for leisure.
EN+
• 85% of the people don’t feel safe when it is dark. PROPOSITION
SU
GRE
In our design phase we will try to tackle the problems with the
• 80% of the youth of Marzahn is hanging out on the streets or in help of our conclusion points above. REE
T
IAL ST
the East Gate mall. Marzahn needs space for this group. COM
ERC
The clustering of shops within the East Gate mall weakens the
possibilities for the Marzahner Promenade. East Gate is a very OLD VILLAGE
introvert building that does not add anything to the quality of the
public space.
my neighbourhood
block
GREEN PUBLIC SPACE MAPPING HEALTH CARE MAPPING SPORT FACILITIES MAPPING
Educational functions
The educational functions that can be found in Marzahn can be
divided into three groups:
- Kindergarten
OS
O
GS - Grundschule
- Oberschule
They are equally spread throughout the district.
OS
O
Playground
A lot of playgrounds can be found throughout the entire district.
Cable railways, slides, swings and other playing attributes are
present. The similarity of the playgrounds is their orientation: all
of them are orientated within the building blocks, except for those
in the Burgerpark. This can be named positive because every
child has the possibility to play somewhere close to their homes,
which is also wishful for their parents. On the other hand it dis-
courages children and parents to go to some general playground
where they could meet each other.
Liveliness at day
The East Gate (a new modern shopping centre), leisure centre
and Burgerpark are generally liked by the population during
the day. The Leisure centre is holding a lot of functions like a
swimming pool, theatre and a bowling alley, and is a place of
great activity. The EastGate is said to a place of great activity and
modernity. This modernity is hard to ¿nd anywhere else within
the district, but seems to be wishful. The Burgerpark is a place
people like to walk trough during the day. Walking trough the
building block was generally experienced as unpleasant. Another DAY SITUATION
place the interviewed people did not like is the Ringkolonaden, it
is lacking functions, so people just walk trough it. The presence of
drug dealers creates a feeling of being unsafe, The shopping are
between the leisure centre and the Eastgate is said to be boring,
there are almost no shops and even less activity.
Liveliness at night
When darkness falls over Marzahn, the opinion about certain
places change drastically. The Leisure centre for instance, loved
during the day, is experienced as an unsafe area because of youth
drinking and hanging around the building. The same can be said
about the Burgerpark, the bad lightning and absence of activity
makes it a uncomfortably area, which people try to avoid. They
prefer walking and cycling beside the well lighted main roads.
Drug dealing and heavy drinking is a problem in the places with
low activity, but also behind the crowded EastGate commercial
centre. NIGHT SITUATION
Two important of¿cial public spaces were chosen to analyse more Both the Leisure centre and the Ringkolonaden have been ana-
closely, the so called deep-mapping. These speci¿c areas are the lysed for their research to the urban grid. A space syntax analysis
leisure centre and the Ringkolonaden, and where chosen for dif- was implied on both areas. The outcome of this space syntax
ferent reasons. analysis shows the reachability, both physical and cognitive, of
For the leisure centre the reasons are obvious: a large number the places.
of of¿cial public functions are situated within this complex. This The method shows the leisure centre is well connected on a re-
centre has the largest concentrations of formal functions within gional scale, but the local to the Burgerpark and the rest of north-
the Marzahn district. The Ringkolonaden is a place with a low ern Marzahn is not acceptable. It is cut of from the park because
concentration of functions, because all the (commercial) func- of a large and busy road cutting the park off. The southern part is
tions were drawn away from it by the large shopping centres. But well connected to the Eastgate and the commercial zone in be-
because of its position near the park and even more important on tween. This seems quite contradicting: the leisure centre contains
a public transfer route, many people walk trough the Kolonaden. a lot of functions which are important for the local community, yet
It has lost his meaning as a commercial area, and is now evolved the centre is poorly connected on this local level.
into an import crossing area, and of¿cial public space, but with a The Ringkolonaden is well connected to the Burgerpark which is
lack of function. positive. The connection to the rest of Marzahn is less positive, it
is poor. Again this area is cut off by large infrastructure, and has
no connections into the local living areas. It can be seen as a blind
spot within Marzahn.
?
NO INDIVIDUAL NO INTERACTION NO IDENTITY
REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 110
3$570$33,1*38%/,&63$&()250$/38%/,&63$&(
C. Narciso Linares, R. García Sacristán, T. Hartmanns, K. Kramer, B. Kaminski, S. Yücel, S. Pieterse, L. Capota, A. Bogacz, I. Hajdasz
Impressions of the leisure center region identity.
The Ringkolonaden and Leisure centre have been analysed to get The connectivity is good towards the Burgerpark, it has a clear
a clear view why these place were or weren’t functioning. The route and a clear green identity. The connection to the north
analysis perform are based on the 3 main principles: connectiv- however is unsatisfying and unclear. It lays on an important public
ity, recognizability and activity. These three principles have to be transport route, so their is some activity, however people just use
in balance to create successful of¿cial public space. The diagram this route because they need to, not because they want to.
used by Ir. M. Koehler was the basis for the diagrams created dur-
ing this project. Most commercial functions have moved away from the area,
which has resulted in a functionless blind spot without any clear
Conclusions of deep mapping: Leisure centre identity.
People have no reason to come here, they can’t identify it and it
The connectivity of the leisure centre is pretty good by car, the can’t ful¿l any of their needs, resulting in an absence of liveliness.
problem here is the orientation: the building has his back turned At night the people of Marzahn avoid the Ringkolonaden.
towards the main roads. The slow traf¿c connectivity is accept-
able towards the commercial south, but unacceptably bad to the
north of Marzahn.
In order to have a clear view of the green in the Marzahn In Marzahn we can recognize 3 kinds of green spaces.: public, This map gives an idea of the different importance of the several
area it is important to know how the density of the green semi-public and private green area. The most of them are semi- green areas in the district. We divide them into three categories of
is spread within the area. As we can immediately see, the public green areas. Relative small part take private green areas. importance – from very important to less important. An indicator
whole area is very green. However, there are some con- They’re situated on the east of Marzahn. In the middle of district for classifying the importance of an area was the combination of
centrations where the green is much more dense. we can see a quiet large park ( public green area). In this district its size and location.
In the middle we can see the park, where there are we have some “unidenti¿ed” green areas – they seems to be The most important area can be found in the middle of Marzahn,
bushes and trees at the edges. We can also distinguish a semi-public but in fact they are too big to work properly. Although the big central park. Another two very important green spaces are
large forest on the west side and a small part of “ green this classi¿cation, we cannot really see the differences. All the located at the border to the inner area. On the one hand, there is
belt” in the east which has a higher density. Next to the district of Marzahn seems to be the same: similar vegetation, the wood in the west and on the other hand the huge green belt
main infrastructure there a lines of trees as well. huge distances between buildings and the height of them, makes of the “Wuhletal”. The green area around the culture and leisure
it like the impression of staying in a settlement for giants. ”Hu- center at the end of the promenade is part of the second cat-
man scale” is totally forgotten. egory, as well as the green area situated above the central park.
The activity map shows a variety of activities in the green public In that case it’s a lighter bubble. Next we show the amount of On this map we tried to show the different exaggerated stere-
open spaces. It’s based on our research in the area and different the use, that is an estimate of the number of people relative to otype opinions of the people we interviewed mixed with our own.
interviews. The symbols are the kind of activity that is common in the whole of Marzahn doing that activity. The intensity means It’s fun to make such a mental map, but it can tell you something
that area. It shows the different usages of the green open public the possibility of coincidental meetings. It’s a combination of the nonetheless. You can see the bottle of vodka with the Russian
spaces. It’s the use of the green that the people especially come intensity and the amount for a speci¿c activity. The whole picture hat. The border gate suggest that this part is occupied somehow.
to the green areas for. So it’s not riding a bike through the Ring- could tell you something about the usages of the entire area. The drawing on the right of the map, is a guy who is lost between
Kolonaden to get where you need to be. That’s infrastructure. In the nighttime the map changes dramatically. Because of the the buildings. He doesn’t know what to do in these green areas.
We tried to show the density of use as well. It is shown in the lack of light in the park, it’s not a place for any activity. The only This is the case for the entire grey area on the map. On the bot-
legend, and it means the activity that is bound or not, to a speci¿c real activity in the green public area is walking with the dog. The tom right a fence keeps the green areas closed. In the middle
place. Like riding the bike, that is an activity that can be done comparison of the maps learn us, that the nighttime complete there is the park. It is shown as a green and happy place, where
everywhere, so it’s not bound. differs from the daytime. And the feel of insecurity can be a result kids play with their kites and have fun. The promenade is shown
of the lack of activity’s and lighting at night. as a hangout place for beer drinking, smoking bored guys. Put
together we have a mental map. It’s a way people recognize or
identify certain public spaces. There is a opportunity to change
this map.
SCANNERS
In order to state something about the green, it is also necessary
to say something about the important places where people go
and meet. So we have selected some examples of green places,
places to join, squares and other public spaces.
GREEN
In the Marzahn area we can see a lot of green, but there is not
much variety between the types of green, everything besides the
park looks more or less the same. We can state that only the park
has a strong quality in the subject of green.
PUBLIC SPACES
Throughout Marzahn, there is a lot of public space between the
buildings and next to the infrastructure and the park. There are
some small squares, but they are not very clear, because they
almost vanish in the big open spaces in the rest of the area.
PLACES TO JOIN
There are a lot of places to meet each other in Marzahn, espe-
cially for children. The problem here is that there are maybe too
much of these spaces, so it is quite unclear where to meet.
There are no points where everybody goes, so there is not as
much contact as would be preferable.
THREATS:
T1. When nothing is going to change in the green area, the inhab-
itants of Marzahn can decide to leave.
T2. When we don’t transform the green areas in Marzahn they can
result in an unsafe and violent place.
T3. The four “unde¿ned” areas near the semi- private green (in
between the groups of buildings) have to get in the mental map
of people, so that Marzahn won’t fall apart any further.
05. T1.
CONCLUSION
PROPOSITIONS
Green areas are the greatest value of Marzahn. Although most
people like the idea of living ‘close to nature’, the green areas in
the studied district doesn’t seem to attract people too much. Ad-
dressing this problem is necessary to improve the quality of life in
this part of the city.
According to our analysis this goal could be achieved by giving
the green open spaces more DEFINITION, IDENTITY and assuring
better CONNECTIONS between them. The exact solutions for this
are going to be the subject of the design project during week two.
This network pops up into the space from time to time in a way
mushrooms do with their fruit.
APPROACH TO URBAN EXPLORATION the quarter to make a campaign and show Marzahn as a nice, communities there. Thanks to those information we were able to
creative place. reach spots were subcultures meet and discover the network of
First of all, we went to Marzahn to take photos and prepare infor- the underground network.
mation for the analysis. As we were cycling trough the area, we After sur¿ng in the internet we made a trip to ¿nd out more
discovered some kind of manifestation in stickers, graf¿ti painted about the materials we found. It turned out to be a great idea. We
on walls and posters which helped us to get some information. discovered a skate shop where were a lot of T-shirts and hood-
We also discovered that the quarter is really active and alive as far ies. Shop assistant told us they are popular and many people buy
as the underground network is considered. them.
Stickers and Àyers we found led us to the web site address and Afterwards we decided to make interviews with skaters and hip-
what is interesting the site is not only an online shop but also an hopers from Marzahn. They gave us a lot of information about
advertisement for Marzahn containing many articles about it. The places where they usually hung out, meet and have their skate-
web sites and clothes you can buy are created by inhabitants of parks and what is the situation between them other subculture
SUBCULTURES:
Rights.
Proud of Marzahn.
Place to be: Burger park and Ringkolonnaden.
Music: techno, electro, party house and Onkelz.
Hanging on the streets ant more clubs.
Kids.
Scared of going to Burger park and Ringkolonnaden.
Scared of the graf¿ti artist.
Burger park: Beatings get ¿lmed and put on interne
Play football on of¿cial clubs and walk around in the neighbor-
hood.
Want more things to do.
Skaters .
LEGEND INFORMAL USAGE:
drinks skaters
Fidjies.
grafitti youth-house
From Vietnam.
meeting point kids
Selling cigarettes.
rights wedding-garden
Illegal.
partyplace gardening projects
Nudist.
Image campaign. have been demolished
might be demolished
atmosphere of emptyness
empty shops
and people from other countries living there were posing to grafitti youth-house
represent another image of the district: a tolerant, young, modern meeting point kids
and colorful one. The people were actually asked for their favorite rights wedding-garden
places in Marzahn- Hellersdorf and had their picture taken. So, partyplace gardening projects
by locating the sceneries, a map was created showing attractive hanging out nakeds
places in the district and their appearance within the planning area
which isn’t very dense. have been demolished
In fact the locations are not indicating informal public spaces but will be demolished
concerning with this task lead us to very basic conclusions. might be demolished
There are communities that care about the image of their district atmosphere of emptyness
The transformed buildings were for instance reduced in their sto- LEGEND INFORMAL USAGE:
ries or the blocs were cut. The number of stories differ between Informal Public Space/
Intensive activity
ĺ
¿ve to eleven now. spontaneous & temporal activities 1
Many buildings don’t contain enough inhabitants to keep the dirt tracks fidjis / cigarettes
molishing plan for the buildings. Therefore the company tries to grafitti youth-house
empty all not yet refurbished and nearly abandoned buildings. meeting point kids
They also buy people out of their apartments. Sometimes it takes rights wedding-garden
some years before this process is ¿nally settled. partyplace gardening projects
the area around the Ringkolonnaden and in the area around the will be / have been transformed
might be demolished
The two empty dwellings, one eleven stories high and the other atmosphere of emptyness
six stories high, together with the empty former shopping centre empty shops
a small cost. The not rented allotment gardens near Marzahn are rights wedding-garden
not attractive, because they are too expensive for people. The partyplace gardening projects
one of the former school-garden, of the Alfred-Döblin-Schule, will be / have been transformed
called „Garten der Begegnung“ (‚garden of meeting‘). The task will be demolished
has been to obtain the school-garden. The charitable association might be demolished
called ‘Plattenverbund Marzahn’ just restructured the existing area atmosphere of emptyness
and want to expand them. Their goal is to keep this idea alive,
so the pupils can still get knowledge of gardening. It also should
empty shops
map, the Burger park gets better connected to the extended park
By doing the 1st-2nd-3rd order analysis of Marzahn, we found out in the west. So the informal paths stimulate informal activities that
in what way the informal paths inÀuences the connectivity of the take place in the park. There are also more possibilities to reach
neighborhood. the promenade and the Ringkolonnade, where informal activities
take place in the evening.
The informal paths that are part of the cognitive map are all
fragments of the 2nd or 3rd order, because people can reach all
formal places by formal paths (1st order).
Most striking is that by adding the informal paths to the cognitive Informal - Third order
PLANET BERLIN
Physical infrastructure
We ¿rst needed an analysis to investigate the position of Marzahn
Several analytic maps were produced in order to research the and Berlin on a regional scale. We decided to look after the domi-
physical infrastructure in a chosen area of Marzahn (Berlin). It is nant directions that are related to Berlin. The analysis is based on
necessary to make a division in between these different research the two most important highways that enter Berlin. These main
maps in order to produce a scienti¿c and structured analysis. roads are placed in the dominant directions North South and East
The most important structure throughout all the physical analysis West. Also important to know is that these main roads are part
is based on different scale levels. We had to investigate the differ- of the infrastructural ring around the city of Berlin. We have also
ent scale levels in order to learn about the infrastructure in Mar- viewed the last main road in order to complete the ring. These NORTH-SOUTH CONNECTIVITY
zahn and, maybe even more important, its context. We will have roads are important in order to get a clear overview on the struc-
to understand the surroundings of Marzahn, this will result in a ture of the net. For this reason we added the secondary and third
clear overview of all the infrastructural relations. For this reason level roads on the west border of the ring as well.
we will start our research with several maps of the major scale in
relation to Marzahn. Next we will research the lower scale levels We can conclude that Marzahn is very well reachable within the
which are in a relation to the district. North South connection. Marzahn has even two major secondary
roads which are directly linked to the major highway system of
A wide variety of methods can be applied in order to research Berlin.
the infrastructural system in the region of Marzahn. The following EAST-WEST CONNECTIVITY
methods are used to research the physical infrastructure related
LAYER
to Marzahn:
The connectivity in general: the connectivity in-between two
points or areas can be measured in many ways. The most basic
way is just to compare the hard facts. Relations and connections
can be measured by summarizing the existing roads. A good
overview is created when the irrelevant roads are deleted.
The connectivity in relation to the “3 step strategy”: the quality of
a connection can be measured by using a “three step” strategy. It
is wise to analyse the situation according to this strategy. It shows
how well a point or area is connected to its surroundings.
The connectivity shown in bubbles: this analysis is very useful for
the research on public transport. The bubble analysis is a sort of
point structured analyses which result in a good overview on the
entire situation.
Connectivity in general: “Berlin surroundings” scale CONNECTIVITY OF THE MARZAHN DISTRICT IN RELATION TO BERLIN AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Different lines and colours can be noticed on the map. We can MEHROWER ALLE
conclude that Marzahn is rather poor connected to the Berlin city SHONHAUSER ALLE
center. The only usable and fast connection is the S-Bahn. This RAUL WALLENBERG STR.
line connects the west side of Marzahn to the city center of Berlin. NORTH KREUZ PRENZLAUER ALLE
WEDDING
transfers make the tram a slow travel opportunity in relation to POELCHAU STR.
the S-Bahn. JUNGERN HEIDE HAUPTBAHNHOF
ALEKSANDER PLATZ
LANDSBGR. ALLE
SPRINGFUHL
So to summarize; the only feasible way to travel in-between
WESTEND STROKOWER STR.
TREPTOWER PARK
HOHEN ZOLLERND.
SCHONEBERG
BUNDESPLATZ
HEIDELBERG PLATZ SUD KREUZ
INNSBR. PLATZ
TEMPELHOF /AIRPORT/ SONNEN ALLE
NEUKOLLN
HERMANN STR.
The map of the public transport system, shows the S-bahn, tram The connectivity of the main facilities in the area are visualised
and bus stops. Each stop is circled, in order to show the ‘pre- with use of the 3-steps method. This type of analysis shows
ferred walking distance’ of the people. According to the reach all the roads which are within the reach of a person who only
of the different transport systems, the walking distance changes crosses 3 decision points (roundabouts crossings and/or strong
from 150 to 300 metres. angles).
Projecting this analysis on the south of the area (Eastgate, shop-
Even though there are several options for taking any public trans- ping promenade and the multifunctional building), we see that all
port system, the area is not covered by the bubbles. The reason the lines (the roads) do not reach the inside of the northern part.
for this is the fact that the route of the railway system is going The only connectivity to be seen, are the bounding roads and the
along the roads, while the stops of the different systems are close roads inside the southern part. For the facilities in the north (shop-
to each other. This provides a good connection between tram ping mall, the Ringkolonaden and the Bürger park) the situation is
and bus, but gives the inhabitants hardly any option to choose the other way around: the inside of the southern part is not being
another route. reached. ...
LAYER LAYER
S- Tra Bu
Ba
hn m s s sto
30 top p 1
0m 25 50
ra 0m m r
di
us rad adiu
iu
s s
PUBLIC TRANSPORT MAP OF MARZAHN 3 STEP STRATEGY APPLIED ON NORTH-EAST ROAD 3 STEP STRATEGY APPLIED ON SOUTH AND WEST ROAD
LAYER
3 STEP STRATEGY CROSSING SQUARE CAR AND PEDESTRIAN SITUATION OVERVIEW EAST GATE IN 3 STEPS
3 STEP STRATEGY NORTH EAST SOUTH BORDERS OVERVIEW NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN FACILITIES IN 3 STEPS
The sections make clear that the roads have a very wide range.
Even tough most parts of the bordering roads are surrounded by
high-rise buildings, there is no balance between width and height.
The human scale is missing, which causes an uncomfortable feel- SEC 3
ing and a huge gap between both sides.
SEC 3b
SEC 3c
BORDER AXE
1ST ROAD
2ND ROAD
SEC 4
3RD ROAD
TRAM
COMERCIAL AREA
TRAIN SPORT AREA
SECTIONS 4 FACES 1 2 3 AND 4
mental infrastructure on the east side of the park is left blanc, which is being caused by
the fact that there are no facilities in that zone.
The mental part of the infrastructure analysis is giving a view of
the actual situation of the neighbourhood; ‘Drawn from life’. The The places that were marked by the inhabitants as ‘their territory’
goal was to ¿nd out the real use and function of the area and it’s include their own homes, mostly the direct surroundings and
roads. And with this, the atmosphere of the main roads an the quite often another public space. Hardly any questioned persons
reachability of Eastgate (new station and shopping mall). counted one of the dividing roads as a part of their personal area.
To ¿nd out what the reach of the inhabitants is, we went inside
Marzahn and interviewed the people. The main questions were: private territory routing inside passing quality object accesibility private territory routing inside passing quality object accesibility
routing outside routing outside
what would you consider as your neighbourhood, what is your neighbourhood neighbourhood
most frequent route inside and outside Marzahn? Furthermore we
asked if they crossed the main roads and how they felt about the
reachability of Eastgate. Besides this, we made our own interpre-
tation of the situation as we discovered it to be.
Territory
Circuits:
To improve this situation, Marzahn has to change into one self- Berlin “mitte”
providing area. Therefore is it necessary to transform the now
dividing roads into connecting roads. By making the fragments
of Marzahn merge with each other, the area becomes an healthy MARZAHN old situation
Berlin “mitte
EXISTING SITUATION (LEFT) AND NEW CONCEPT (RIGHT) FRAGMENTED ISLAND THESIS AND CONCEPT MARZAHN AND SURROUNDINGS EXISTING SITUATION AND NEW CONCEPT
CONCLUSION
Marzahn is separated from Berlin by the 1st and 2nd level roads
and the S-bahn, that at the same time provide a connection with
the ‘outside world’. The area has an infrastructural network that
is connected to a highway that goes straight to Berlin centre. Un-
fortunately this is the only quick option to choose. For the public
transport we can conclude the same: even tough the S-bahn
provides a good connection with Berlin, there is no suf¿cient
alternative.
PLANET BERLIN
ACTIVITY CONNECTIONS
Because of these connections, we can provide the highest level of
activity in Marzahn.
These lines will be the main direction of commercial develop-
ment.
It’s well known that you can’t create commercial activity, but you
have to make an environment to attract the commercial activ-
TWO IMPORTANT CONNECTION LINES: S-BAHN AND TRAM COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY
travel too long for their shopping. So to create a better environ- centres; The Ringkolonaden, the Freizeit Forum and the Eastgate.
ment for the commercial, the area of Marzahn must be optimized. These are on the most important activity points with the most
density around them. The second level is the small scale com-
For the strategy there are 2 elements used to optimize the quality mercial. This commercial is stimulated over the hole length of the
of public space of Marzahn; they are integrating water areas and activity lines.
green areas. From the interviews we found out that a lot of people
miss the water in Marzahn. They want the water for recreation,
but also to compromise with the lot of green unde¿ned areas. A
new centre of identity in Marzahn will be created with water and
green, so the commercial activity can be stimulated.
The water will be in form of a pond and in the form of canals. The
canals will be used to structure the urban plan. It’s very hard to
orientate in the neighbourhood, because of equal buildings and
large green spaces. The water connection will connect the North
with the South of Marzahn. It will also be connected with the
existing river the Wuhle, that divides Hellersdorf from Marzahn.
So the water and the green of the plan will be integrated with the
water and the green in the whole area.
An other north south connection already exist. A few commercial
point are already there.
The axe will be structured . So the commercial will be stimulated
to be more active. This axe can develop in a more informal way,
based on water and green areas (so called local axe).
The green in the area will be more de¿ned because of the con-
nection other areas. OPTIMIZE PUBLIC SPACE: GREEN AREA
To create density, you have to attract new people to Marzahn. there should be build housing of a different type and price. We
There are already a lot of empty apartments, because no one lower a few Àats, so the don’t form a border. And a few buildings
want to live in them. There is also only a possibility of renting a will be demolished, because they are in a bad state. The density
place instead of buying. You can optimize these buildings with will be increased near the east west connection an this could cre-
the strategy of cutting buildings. So the urban structure will be ate a diversity of incomes.
changed, to provide new connection and available living space. To construct the environment of the commercial areas we use
a strategy of 2 levels. The ¿rst level is the large scale commer-
Another problem is that there is no diversity the incomes. So cial. They will be centred on the 3 already existing commercial OPTIMIZE PUBLIC SPACE: WATER CONNECTIONS
SUNSHINE MARZAHN
main roads
pedestrian/cyclists roads
commercial
private gardens
existing buildings
lowered existing buildings
new buildings
d
water
b
1. CONFLICT
2. INTERACTION
CONCEPT SKETCH OF NEW SITUATION (CONNECTED CHAIN) 3. TOO FAR OUT.
1 1'
1 2'
2 2' 1'
3 3'
development step 1:
- pixellation of existing buildings
- decreasing heights
- renewal of buildings
- add new buildings
The Freizeit Forum and the Ring Kolonade both occupy central
positions in the urban frame. They are positioned alongside im-
portant local connections that also connect Marzahn to adjacent
districts. These landmarks also divide the district into distinct
segments while at the same time allowing for full, unobstructed
connection.
development step 2:
¿ll the empty space with water
advantages of water:
increase of density
water has no scale
low maintenance cost
attractivity
housing quality
...
Strength
Weakness
Despite it’s potencial, the whole area is not enough used. There
are very few and bad quality commercial buildings. This caused
the low level of the quality of the area and doesn’t attract the
inhabitants.
Opportunities
Threats
Ideas
Existing Leasure Center with the new interior passage New design of the roof on the East Gate New design of the roof on the East Gate
Image of the new square around the Leasure Center Different proposition of the roof on the East Gate Image of the new square around the Leasure Center
common characteristics
In both cases we create a new tram stop on the right side of the
square. This will encourage people to come and visit this place
and take a break in the middle of the hard day.
To connect the park with the square we propose to cut the exist-
ing road which currently is a huge barrier for this area. This has
a result in designing the new space of the street. It was made
smaller and more in a human scale.
View of the new street design Skatch of the new square around the Leasure Center
- Strength
The area is shaped like a square. It re
minded us much of central park New York.
There is much existing green that we can use. The
difference´s in the ground level is something we can
use as well.
- Weakness
The area is beinig interferred by an big infrastructural
object. It´s a high way Ày over from a nearby road.
- Opportunities
Our vision is a fun ¿lled sport park. With many things
to do for everyone. But we payed more attention to
the younger one´s because of the nearby schools.
And the lack of modern fun things for the kids.
Sketch of area Marzahn
- Threats
Our planned area costs a lot of money. So our planned
idea´s can turn out to be halfbaked because of cost
reductions. Perhapes the functiones wouldn´t be used
as much as we hope. And they will become a victime
of vandalism. Drug dealing and lack of activity.
- Mingle
To us it was important that the whole area, the so
called apendix of the existing Burger park is de¿ned.
So it becomes a part of the Burger park instead of
being a apendix. So it has to mingle with the existing
park.
Design consequence´s
- Axis
In order for the Axis to work you need to have
functions alongside of the line. We think that the word
´Function´ sounds a bit static. So we de¿ned it as
FÚN-Ctions´. We planned: Skate Park, CONCEPT AXIS
Football area, Cloak rooms, Improved housing tower,
Monument, Library, Cafés, Playing area´s, Art gallery,
Swimming Pool, Dancing, Parking space.
- Mingle
Destroy some buildings to get the park more con-
nected with Burger park. Use of water to create
oneness. Make the park look organic with the use of
hills.
Design the majority of the architecture as organic.
- Functions
1. Ice skating 1 2
2. Ice skating professional
3. Sporting
4. Street skate ramp 3
5. Swimming pool, sauna 4 5
6. Dressing room 6
7. Cafe 7
8. Sporting; basketball, soccer 8
9
9. Library
10. Café
11. Art gallery 10
12. Dancing 11
13. Improved housing, restaurants, club
12
13
A long line crossing the kollonaden from east to west will be the
main guideline, having two endpoints: a subwaystation and a
tramline station. Two important squares are on this line, one is a
market square, the other is the theater square. On this guideline
and squares a great variety of functions are present, all of them
primarily to provide the local society. The crown jewel of the area
is the theater square with a pond and the city hall/library building
placed in the water.
Potential programmetic composition FUNCTIONS ON THE GROUND FLOOR FUNCTIONS ON THE FIRST FLOOR
To make a place more lifely and active it is crucial that the people
want to come there and know how to do so. It needs to be clearly
de¿ned, be recognizable and the place must have a clear orienta-
tion. The height of the buildings is contributing to this orientation:
because the Marzahn residential buildings are all high-rise, the
center of activity has relatively low buildings. In the upper left
¿gure the dark-brown colored buildings are 6 stories high while
the light-brown buildings are merely 4 stories high. The orange
buildings are 2 stories high.
Pedestrian connections
Three important entrance points to the area are shown in the bot-
tom right picture. These are the main focus areas, because of the
crucial part they play in the connection and orientation of the area
with its surroundings. They will be discussed on the next pages.
The market square full¿lls a very important function for the local
society. It is a place full of activity and interaction. The square is
bordered by commercial buildings and is directly connected to
the theater square and the metro station by respectively an of¿ce
boulevard and a shopping street.
The square is cut off from the main road by a green area. When
driving on the main road, the livelyness on the market square is
visible. Benches have been placed in front of the green area, so
people can sit and relax.
The market square is named after its main function: the market.
The market provides product that are not available elsewhere and
adds to the feeling of cosyness and social coherence.
B
A
Section D Section E
This section cuts through the theater square from the north to the This section cuts through the theater square from the east to the
south. The market is in this direction 95 meters wide and is being west. The market is in this direction 112 meters wide and is being
intersected by a fountain and is bordered by the theater building intersected by a fountain and is bordered by two formal buildings
and the pond. (pool and bowling center).
CONCEPT
The concept of our plan is to make the park more clear, so that
people want to go there. To do so, we want the park to have
clear area’s that all have a different function.
3. 4.
1. 2.
2.
1.
3. 4.
In the analysis part of the booklet the unclear connections be- The second option (map3) shows the creating of a path through
tween the green areas is presented as one of the main problems the leisure-centrum to the park. This should make people who
of the area. enter the centrum more aware of the park. And a landmark people
The lack of connection between the park and the promenade is can identify with. This building can have different function an
de¿nitely a problem. As seen on the ¿rst map, there is no clear should work as an portal to the main park. It should attract people
path to go to the park. The connection is interrupted by the wide from the promenade to the lake and to the commercial areas
road and the leisure building itself. ahead. MAP1
CONNEC-
In order to make a better connection there are two options: TION
In both cases the road dividing the leisure centrum and the park PROBLEMS
The ¿rst seen on the second map, shows the option of destroying is clearly a problem. By making the road smaller and introducing
the leisure-centrum. This will create a open area, and by doing so speed bumps and bends. We can create a sort of ‘scenic’ route.
creating a clear connection between the promenade and the park. Where people make a turn to an interesting place near the road. In
The downside of this is of course the destruction of the leisure- this manner we can make people really aware of the park and its
centrum, a place people know and use. Because of that, the surroundings. This also allows for pedestrians to cross in a safer
second possibility is preferable. way.
MAP2
SOLUTION1
MAP3
DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES OF DESIGNING THE GREEN THE ROAD CROSSING THE PROMENADE REDUCED IN SIZE SOLUTION2
What the park needed was a clear and structured path, an axe.
That’s the reason we created a promenade at the left site of the
park. It’s not only a factor of bringing structure and clearness into
the park, but it also connects the park with the tram. In the old
situation the tram is laying next to the park. But the park and the
tram were not involved with each other, which was a pity.
Now the promenade creates a pleasant path, were people can
walk day and night. Because of the lighting, the safety shall in-
crease and the users will feel comfortable 24/7.
Because of the large and low steps, the promenade is not going
to be a boundary, but slowly fading away into the green of the
park and the park and promenade appear as one peace.
RELAX
This parks quare will be an introduction into the park for people
walking by. We also add some commercial functions like one or
two cafés and a restaurant to attract people into the park area.
One of the remaining buildings we adjust by placing a large, very
attractive and visible extra construction on, so it is visible from
the park and people will be attracted.
The ringkolonaden area now will also be usable for temporary
events like season markets, summer festivals and for ice skating
in the winter.
COURTYARDS
The created private gardens are made for the inhabitants of the
¿rst Àoor. The semi- public space is on another level, lower than
the gardens, so that a kind of arena is being created and also a
boundary (the path) that separates the private from the semi-
public. The semi- public space has a low density of vegetation,
mostly grass and some trees. In this way social control is possible
and parents can let there children play in the available play-
grounds without worrying.
COURTYARD WITH PRIVATE GARDENS AND PUBLIC ROADS COURTYARD-A SECTION COURTYARDS - PRIVATE AREA WITH WINTER GARDENS ETC.
EPILOGUE
informal activity
ones we invented to give suggestions for creative space usage.
As you can see on the map, there are different locations of un-
used housing estates spread around the map, which is necessary
integrate the whole planning area. In the middle there are three
high rise buildings, of which one will work as a “lighthouse”. Not
in the very meaning of the word, but in a metaphorical manner.
If it is possible to ¿ll the house with lots of different types of us-
ages – informal, formal, private and public, it could transport the
“smell” of change to the general public.
public space
surface
informal space
empty buildings
TAKE OFF
follow the path and visit all places. At those places there are
exhibition areas where the subcultures can show their work. That
work can be any form like; art, ¿lm, photos, sports etc. The path
is also a connection between all places and makes it one network.
The path can also expend to every new place with the network.
The path can go anywhere, there is nothing that stops the path.
That’s why it can connect all exhibition areas and make one route
threw Marzahn. The path can go over buildings, under buildings,
threw buildings and around buildings. The path can also go enter
everywhere, if there is a gallery on the 3rd Àoor the path goes to
the 3rd Àoor. The distance between the area’s is around 500m and
are will be interactive things to do on the way.
REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 194
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E. Pérez, P. Gomez, J. Schol, A. Lijbers, F. Hoffmann, F. Maurer, B. Schüssel, E. Oort, F. van der Veek, M. Kulczycka, B. Popiela
INTERACTIVE ART Another fountain has a similar function as the windows. When the
visitors inject their CDs in the slot, the fountains, installed in a row,
To make Marzahn more lively we want to create an art scene with start shooting in the air to the rhythm. As an impulse we want to
projects such as sculptures, fountains, paintings and many other install cubes to draw the kids away from the refurbished buildings.
things so that artist and inhabitants can express themselves. Artists and kids can use those cubes to paint and spray on these
To attract artists we need to create the right conditions to make public walls and by this they can show their art to all the visitors.
them feel welcome and to increase their creativity.
Eye-catching sculptures can be placed at an important spot like
Some facades can be transformed into a huge spouting fountain an intersection between the formal and an informal line. This
or it can be used as a giant equalizer. Both can be used interactive. sculpture can be glossy to reÀect the environment and the people
The pictures on the facades are able to change their appearance of Marzahn.
for instance from a person to a building.
It has special qualities that you can’t ¿nd in other areas and can be
used in several ways both formally and informally. But water itself
is also a very important peace of public space. It functions as a
landmark and a meeting point. It also provides a sense of security
because of the clear over view. One of the best things about a lake
is that it is also usable in every season.
The basic idea is the concept of the movie “The wizard of Oz”
(1932) and the sentence “follow the yellow brick road”. Along the
route of the informal path people will ¿nd new experiences that
encourage them to enjoy the neighborhood of Marzahn in a man-
ner different from that experienced so far.
Public spaces for people who like spending time in an active way
are very important for increasing the quality of life in housing area
such as Marzahn.
LEISURE TIME
One of the most prominent empty buildings within the area are
the tall high rise buildings. These are able to house the higher
income of people that could Àoc to Marzahn after the take-off.
These buildings give great view over the whole area of Marzahn.
On top of these apartments would be a great opportunity to
place restaurants where view is breathtaking.
What to think about a high-end club lighting up the night sky act-
ing as a “lighthouse” a bright shining expression for the Marzahn
district attracting visitors from all over the Berlin to enjoy this view
of Marzahn and the great cultural activities in the area.
Starting out as a big scale art project ten years ago , the city
district of Marzahn Berlin has become one of the most popular
places in Europe and even recently has been covered by a cnn
news report on artistic places of the World. It’s hard to relieve
that this city district was once under treat by the amount of empty
buildings and the moving out off inhabitants.
MARZAHN IN BERLIN
(1) very short and local lines that disclose the (over)large building
blocks
It should be noted though that the East-West axes are few and MARZAHN - HELLERSDORF
incapable of severing the barrier posed by the road and rail
tracks running along the West border of the area. They only serve When the network is analysed zoomed in one level, the dominant
Marzahn on a higher level of scale and do little on the level of direction of connection is North-South. Looking at the structure
the district itself. Even though the connection with Berlin centre of these North-South lines a clear pattern can be distinguished
and the embedment within the Metropolitan fabric appears to with a regular mesh width. Embroidering from this pattern and
be relatively fine, the industrial zone West of the infrastructure implementing it throughout the Marzahn – Hellersdorf district by
barrier prevents true interaction. In addition, the Wühl river inserting some minor missing links may be the first step towards
East of the study area also poses a barrier within the district more coherence on the level of the district. The existing North-
By doing a 3-step analysis of the frame with the new roads includ-
ed, we can compare the connectivity with the existing situation.
In order to make an appropriate evaluation, we will again take the
surrounding boarders as the starting point.
3 STEP STRATEGY: EAST BOUNDING ROAD (NEW) 3 STEP STRATEGY: WEST AND SOUTH BOUNDING ROADS (NEW) 3 STEP STRATEGY: ALL IN (NEW)
Levels
LEVELS
Current roads: New roads:
Starting from the highest scale, we divided the typology of the 1 Removed
roads into several levels. In the ¿rst analysis of the existing situa- 2 2
6 6
medium scale; in between the mentioned ones.
The maps show the current situation (grey) and the additional
roads (red). To avoid useless circling roads and to decrease the
density of inner roads, we also removed some parts (red dotted).
In order to create domestic roads that are connecting instead of
dividing the area, we decreased the amount of direct connections
with the high level roads.
LEVELS
Current roads: New roads:
1 Removed
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
IMPRESSIONS NEW USE OF PUBLIC SPACE IMPRESSIONS NEW USE OF PUBLIC SPACE
The street that is described in this analysis starts in the city dis-
trict Marzahn and leads through Hellersdorf joining the different
areas. Also remarkable is the fact that the street has a connection
to various public transport systems.
The illustration below shows an important section of the im- By comparing city structures and functions all over the world one
proved road. important is the move of the parking facilities. Cars certain rule appeared to us.
are no longer parked alongside the street. The with of the street Cities were built on the BLOCK-STRUCTURE.
itself is reduced as well. there is more room for social activities. Through thousands of years of city planning the theme of private
another improvement is the reduction of the mental border. The and public space, closed and open rooms played the most impor-
area left and right of the street are no longer divided into two tant role in planning.
separate islands. The block gains structure and uniqueness through his different
vertical orientated houses. It is always accessible from different
spots and organized effectively inside trough the yard.
Therefore we created a “block plan” for in Marzahn.
Conclusion
BLOCK DESIGN EXISTING STRUCTURES BLOCK INTENSITY STREET HERACHIE BLOCK INTENSITY BUSINESS GREEN LEISURE BLOCK INTENSITY
EXISTING STRUCTURE
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
CLOSING STRUCTURE
FILLING STRUCTURE
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5 km x 0.5 km
VERTICAL STRUCTURE
LINKING STRUCTURE
“BUNGALOW” STRUCTURE
DENSITY: 71.9% DENSITY: 73% DENSITY: 65.6% DENSITY: 57
MADRID BOLOGNA AMSTERDAM NEW YORK LOWER MANHATTAN
0.5 km x 0.5 km
0.5
120 m x 100 m
0.5 km x 0.5 km
.5 km x 0.5 km
EXISTING STRUCTURE
CLOSING STRUCTURE
DENSITY: 39% DENSITY: 50% DENSITY: 43% DENSITY:
BERLIN - WILMERSDORF BERLIN - MITTE BERLIN - FRIEDRICHSHAIN BERLIN - TYPICAL BLOCK
FILLING STRUCTURE
0.5
0.5 km x 0.5 km
115 m x 160 m
150m x 125 m
DIVIDING STRUCTURE
5 km x 0.5 km
VERTICAL STRUCTURE
LINKING STRUCTURE
DENSITY: 12,78% DENSITY:
SITY: 12
12,78%
BERLIN - MARZAHN BERLIN - MARZAHN
“BUNGALOW” STRUCTURE DENSITY: 14% | FSI: 1 20 |
ANALYSIS BLOCK STRUCTURES MARZAHN BERLIN AND OTHER CITES REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 222
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Carolina, Vanesa, Gertjan, Niels, Jürgen, Duc, Max, Marjolijn, Saskia, Sera¿n, Agnieszka
CLOSED BLOCK | INFORMAL SEMI - PUBLIC PROGRAM OPEN BLOCK | URBAN VILLAS + INFORMAL SPACE
CLOSED BLOCK | PRIVATE SPACE TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF EXISTING PROGRAM | URBAN LINK
Treating the Mehrower Allee has to follow two objectives. One is Consequent use of this kind of parking allows to erase great
reducing the tremendous scale of the existing street pro¿le, as it amount of the surface parking areas and use the leftovers spaces
is visible in the section ( ), towards the human scale. On the other for the needed restructuring activities. We can achieve leading
hand we aim to increase the signi¿cation of Mehrower Allee as the road on the south side of the existing pro¿le to save the more
connection between the future Business Park on the west part sunny north side for the future uses living, small sized commer-
of S-Bahn tracks and Hellersdorf on the east part of Marzahn. cial and business use, gastronomy and an extension of the park.
We form thereby one of the new required East- West connection
on a district layer as the results of the analysis. Due to its traf¿c From West to East there will be the two main building types. First
signi¿cance the road will have 20 m width within two driving and are townhouses in south- northern rows over basements for
one parking track in both directions, plus minimum 5 m foot walk smaller local business use in the ¿rst block and small shops or
and bicycle row. According to its name, Mehrower Allee will be gastronomic use in the second one. The park is extended west-
formed as an alley with trees running along both sides- from the wards into the street, its limit is marked by a climbing wall with
Business Park until its destination “Helle Mitte”- the Hellersdorf a restaurant in the ground Àoor. In the east part there are several Existing Buildings
center. The existing scale of the Mehrower Allee street pro¿le city villas shaped as a four and ¿ve Àoor buildings, keeping the Parking Inside Housings
stretches from 80 to 130 m wide and 18 to 33 m high. The subjec- reduced axes of the street. The remaining parking areas get open Aditioinal Buildings
tive feelings transmitted in such a street is plain and emptiness. stripes between the parking rows with trees planted, which will Tree Covered Parkings
Leading the road tracks at one side of the street pro¿le and ¿lling cover them completely in some years.
the rest with new buildings or using it in another way is an obvi-
ous solution to raise the density of the street. MAP OF THE RENEWED ROAD
A radical version to the concept is developed as well. It can be possible areas to be densified
design can be made by developing an extreme concept and 1st class roads
2nd class roads
IN
3rd class roads
ERL
4th class roads
FB
S
useful in order to collect our possibilities and design options. This
TO
train line / s-bahn
S
OU
so called radical option interprets the analysis somewhat differ-
pedestrians
tram line
ent. The ¿nal result of this radical concept is shown on this page. T tram stop
BU
The main changes in the plan are summarized below:
SSIN
S train stop ES
PAR
K
UTH
To provide better space of living in Marzahn, it’s necessary to cre-
-SO
BERLIN
ate high quality public spaces and S
S
T
high standard housing. There is really strong „bad image” of T
existing type of housing, which needs to be replaced by TRE
CEN
modern friendly architecture. The connection between Hellersdorf BER
LIN
commercial
S train stop S
S
T
NEW INFRASTRUCTURE
The RGBG method uses the colors Red, Green, Blue and Grey
for giving an abstract view on the interventions on respectively
the commercial, green, water and infrastructual elements in the
designs. The colors purple and orange were added to represent
formal and informal interventions.
COMBINED INTERVENTIONS
COMBINED INTERVENTIONS
COMBINED INTERVENTIONS
Within the park wing area new commercial and formal build-
ings/sites have been designed, physically overlapping each
other. The spatial interpretation of this area can be conÀict-
ing; however the functions can be seen as complementary.
The commercial route connecting the East gate and park
wing connects commercial and formal intensi¿cation areas.
It connects these areas to each other and to the rest of the
Marzahn region, hence strengthening them.
Formal squares with commercial buildings have been de-
signed throughout the neighborhood, strengthening each
others functioning. These developments bring activity into
the Marzahn regions which are not directly involved in the
salamander concept.
The commercial public transport route on the northern axis
connects formal/commercial areas to each other. This route is
a crucial addition to these areas.
Commercial functions at the Ringkolonnaden can be seen as
addition to the formal functions designed at this place. They
can coexist while strengthening each others functioning.
COMMERCIAL AND FORMAL COMMERCIAL AND FORMAL - CONTRADICTIONS FORMAL AND WATER
A formal square is designed at the leisure center area, remov-
COMMERCIAL AND FORMAL - RESEMBLANCES ing the leisure center. However, this leisure center is also FORMAL AND WATER - RESEMBLANCES
Overlapping commercial and formal intensification areas being indicated as a clear commercial building. A choice will At the park wing area as well as the Ringkolonnaden area
can be seen as a contradiction as well as an addition to have to be made considering this issue. the design of water and formal functions are spatially con-
each other, depending on the final implementation of the A market square is being designed on the northern axis with tradicting. Their functions however can strengthen each
design. commercial activity situated at its borders. The mall designed other.
A formal psychological connection is designed between at the middle of this formal square is conÀicting, because the
the leisure centre and East gate. This connection has been mall and the square can’t coexist.
physically designed as a commercial route. The formal No direct contractions
The commercial and formal landmarks at the Ringkolonnaden
and commercial can be seen as a synergy, strengthening
each other. area can be contradicting in a spatial matter, while their func-
tion has the ability to work together in a positive way.
COMBINED INTERVENTIONS
The transit lines within the overall design de¿ne the primary Transit lines alone will create barriers between the neighborhood. The next thing these transit lines need are destinations “strategic
orientation of the Marzahn district. This will improve the ability to In order to ¿nd a connection with these neighborhoods the public anchor points”. In the case of Marzahn three of these points can
read the area. domain surrounding these lines should be improved. This will be identi¿ed namely The ringkolonnaden, the leisure centre and
increase the quality of these lines and provide a good quality for the East gate.
further developments along its borders.
By connecting the two transit lines perpendicularly a new By extending these lines and connecting them with the existing Now that this urban frame is improved a need arises to create
orientation is created. This line is of a lower infrastructure scale. It urban frame outside of the design area a larger service area / different zones with different characters and a clear identity
forms a strong connection with the urban tissue. inÀuence zone is created. The connectivity via the 3-step method for the formal public spaces. This step introduces identity and
is improved. recognizability on a smaller scale. And therefor a better orientation
within the whole area.
The introduction of water also adds to the identity of an area, It The Burgerpark and its appendix with its different functions In order for a city area to function on all scales, there has to be
also provides another orientation tool on the smaller scale. An shows the identity of Marzahn on a regional scale. It should be the opportunity for informal activities to take place and occupy
additional bonus to the introduction of water is the fact that the treated as a city park. spaces. These functions have the possibility to take place in the
people will start to use it informally adding to the liveliness of the urban voids creating liveliness wherever it is located.
area.
Alena van der Veen, (DUT) lenos2386@hotmail.com Bert Jan van den Bosch (DUT) boschjesman@hotmail.com Carolina Vivancos Orts (UoA) superchini@hotmail.com
Gaja Bieniasz (CUT) gajja84@yahoo.com Gregory Namberger (TFH) gn@muskauer.de César Nieto (UoA) cesarblaucel@hotmail.com
Joanna Balog (CUT) ballu1@wp.pl Julius Biervliet (HoA) jcbiervliet@hotmail.com Annett Pietrzak (TFH) ap_art@web.de
Agnieszka Wielgosz (CUT) agnieszka_wielgosz@yahoo.ie Sera¿n SZYSZKA (CUT) ¿ni@op.pl Max Wittkopp (TFH) maxwittkopp@web.de
Jürgen Braig (TFH) juergenbraig@gmx.net Nguyen Duc (TFH) duc.n@arcor.de Gertjan Vlaar (HoA) gertjan.vlaar@hva.nl
Marjolijn Bonnike (DUT) Marjolijn15@hotmail.com Vanesa Sanchez Garcia (UoA) wan-sg@hotmail.com Niels Westmeijer (HoA) niels.westmeijer@quicknet.nl
Ir. P.G. (Peter) de Bois P.G.deBois@tudelft.nl Ir. K.A. (Karen) Buurmans K.A,Buurmans@tudelft.nl
REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 240
PART 8.3 WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS; FORMAL PUBLIC SPACE
Agata Bogacz (CUT) agata_bogacz@op.pl Rafael Garcia Sacristan (UoA) eeh_tu@hotmail.com Lars Capota (DUT) lcapota@hotmail.com
Gema Saorin Marin ( UoA ) gemasaorin@hotmail.com Kasper Kramer (HoA) special-k@hotmail.com Carolina Narciso Linares (UoA) carola898@hotmail.com
Björn Kaminski (TFH) tfh@bjoern-kaminski.de Seckin Yücel (TFH) seckin_yuecel@web.de Izabela Hajdasz (CUT) irishiza@hotmail.com
Glass, Gisela glass@benderglass.de Thomas Michael Krüger t.m.krueger@ticket-b.de Holger Kühnel kuehnel@k-k-architekten.de
241 EXPLORING THE PUBLIC CITY 2007
PART 8.4 WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS;INFORMAL PUBLIC SPACE
Eline Oort (DUT) elineatcom@hotmail com Bartlomiej Popiela (CUT) poparte@op.pl Friederike Hoffmann ( TFH) abisac@gmx.net
Benjamin Schüssel (TFH) benjamin.schuessel@pickaboo.de Arne Lijbers (HoA / TFH) arne.lijbers@hva.nl Eva Pérez Fons (UoA) evapfons@hotmail.com
Fabian Maurer (TFH) maurerfabian@gmail.com Marta Kulczycka (CUT) martacoolczycka@o2.pl Jorn Schol (HoA) jornschol@hotmail.com
Pedro Gomez-Martinez (UoA) peterfantasy@hotmail.com Frank van der Veek ( DUT) frankvanderveekgmail.com
Carolina Coves Piqueres (UoA) krol_cp@hotmail.com Daniëlle Heimeriks (DUT) d.f.m.heimeriks@student.tudelft.nl Felix Marquardt (TFH) felix@felixmarquardt.de
Didem Ebru Sari (TFH) didem-ebru.sari@gmx.de Ana María Esclapez Boix (UoA) anamaria482@hotmail.com Jörn Karlstedt (TFH) jkarlstedt@web.de
Katarzyna Koper (CUT) katarzynakoper@interia.pl Maciej Jagielak (CUT) trzaskacz@interia.pl Regina Koszel (CUT) rregginna@wp.pl
Steven van der Sande (DUT) Steven21noot@hotmail.com Thomas Pronk (HoA) thomas.pronk@hva.nl
THANK YOU EVERYBODY FOR THE FOTOS YOU.VE GIVEN, HOPE YOU ENJOY..............................................FELIX AND SECKIN
REANIMATING THE SATELLITE CITY 248