SCHOOL NAME, ETC.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master
Mihir Kumar Jha of class XIth
Science of K D Jain Public School
has satisfactory completed the
investigatory project on the topic
Factors affecting diffusion
under the guidance of Mrs.
Kavita Patni (PGT Chemistry)
during the session 2014-2015.

Acknowledgeme
nt
I would like to express my greatest
gratitude to all the people who helped
and encouraged for completing this
project. I am grateful to my teacher Mrs.
Kavita Patni maam for her continuous
support for the project from initial stage
to the final. A special thanks to my friends
who guided me and helped in finding
interesting ideas and thoughts. I wish to
thank my parents for their undivided
support and interest who inspired me and
encouraged me to go my own may. At last
but not least, I am grateful to God for
making all the things possible.

CHEMISTR
Y
INVESTIGA
TORY
PROJECT

(Factors
affecting
diffusion)
Index

Serial
number
1.

Topic
Certificate

Page
number
2

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Acknowledgem
ents
Introduction
Objective
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Result
Precautions
Bibliography
Remarks

3
6
7
8
13
17
18
19
20

Introduction
When substances are brought in contact with each
other, they intermingle with each other. This
phenomenon is known as diffusion. Diffusion is the
mixing of the particles of one substance to the
particles of the other substance. Diffusion takes
place very rapidly in case of gases, to a lesser
extent in case of liquids, and not at all in the case
of solids.

However, diffusion of solids in liquids does take

place, albeit at a very slow rate.

If a solid is kept in contact with excess of solvent in

which it is soluble, some portion of the solid gets
dissolved. This process is known as dissolution of a
solid in liquid, and it takes place due to the
diffusion of solid particles into liquid medium.
Molecules of solute are in constant random motion
due to the collision between molecules of solute
and that of the solvent. It is this physical
interaction between solute-solvent particles that
leads to diffusion.

(6)

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate that rate of

diffusion depends upon the
following factors: Temperature: As temperature increases,
the kinetic energy of the particles

increases. Thus, the speed of particles

also increases, which in turn increases the
rate of the process of diffusion.
Size of the particle: As the size of
particle increases, rate of diffusion
decreases. This is because the particles
become less mobile in the solvent.

(7)

EXPERIMENT- 1

AIM: To study the effect

of temperature on the
rate of diffusion of solids
in liquids.

(8)

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Copper sulphate (CuSO4)

crystals, three 100 mL beakers,
watch glass, wire gauge, Bunsen
burner, tripod stand,
thermometer, stop watch, etc.
other general things.

(9)

PROCEDURE:
1. Take five grams of copper
sulphate crystals in each three of
the beakers.

2. Pour 100 mL of cold water

slowly in one of the beakers.
3. Cover this beaker with a watch
glass.
4. Pour 100 mL of water having
normal room temperature slowly in
the second beaker.
5. Put 100 mL of water in the third
beaker.
6. Place it on a tripod stand for
heating.
(10)

7. Observe the diffusion process

which begins in all the beakers.

8. Record the time taken for the

dissolution of the copper sulphate
crystals in all the three cases using
a stop watch.

(11)

OBSERVATION:

We observe that the copper sulphate

crystals diffused completely in different
times in different beakers.
The rate of diffusion in water was in the
following order:
Beaker 3 < Beaker 2 < Beaker 1

CONCLUSION:

Thus, the rate of diffusion varies

directly with temperature.

(12)

EXPERIMENT- 2

AIM: To study the effect

of size of particles on the
rate of diffusion of solids
in liquids.

(13)

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Graduated 100 mL measuring
cylinders, copper sulphate
(CuSO4) crystals of three
different sizes (small, medium
and big), stop watch, etc. other
general things.

(14)

 PROCEDURE:
1. Add 50 mL of water to each
of the three cylinders.
2. Take five gram each of big
size, medium size and small
size
crystals
of
copper
sulphate, and add them in
Beaker 1, Beaker 2 & Beaker 3
respectively.
3. Allow them to stand for
some time.
4. Note the time taken for blue
colour to reach each of the

cylinders
and
observations.

note

the

(15)

OBSERVATION:
We observed that the crystals diffused
taking different times in different beakers.
And the order of their rate of diffusion was:
Beaker 3 < Beaker 2 < Beaker 1

CONCLUSION:

Thus, the smaller particles go

diffusion more quickly than
bigger particles.

(16)

Result
1. The rate of diffusion varies
directly with temperature.

2. Small particles undergo

diffusion more quickly than
bigger particles.

(17)

PRECAUTIONS
Care should be taken while
adding water in the beakers. They
should contain identical amounts of
water.
There should be considerable
difference in temperatures of water
in different beakers in Experiment
1.

 There should be considerable

difference in sizes of crystals taken
in Experiment 2.
Time should be carefully noted.
(18)

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemistry laboratory manual
Chemistry book
www.google.com
www.meritnation.com

(19
)

REMARKS

(20
)