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January-February Inspired To Be Green
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January - February 2010
Dear Inspired Reader,
I am very happy to introduce myself in the first
issue of 2010. Mr Kishore Kumar, Owner of Inspired to be
Green Magazine, gave me the great opportunity to manage
for those inspired by green, written by the experts in green
the green magazine from now on. Together with the team of
Inspired to be Green we are building the platform for India’s
Green Building community.
Since I came the first time to India, I am fascinated from this
country. Every day is full of learning experiences, challenges,
lovely people and excitement. Born in the heart of Europe,
Austria is one of the most advanced countries for energy
efficient buildings and technologies. I graduated from there
as an engineer for eco-energy and energy efficient buildings.
Maybe it was just not challenging enough to design another
net-zero or solar passive building in Austria or maybe it is
just the open minded people in India who convinced me to
be part of India’s Green Building Movement.
In India I worked on solar airconditioning, energy-efficiency
improvement for hotels, as well as on energy modeling
inspired to be
and LEED/IGBC projects during my time with Spectral
Consultants. To be a LEED accredited professional and
certified for energy and quality-management from the TUEV
Germany gives me a good understanding of the process
involved in an energy-efficient building design.
I love to see so many new ideas and green projects coming
up in India, and to get to know the people behind these great
projects and companies is a wonderful work.
I know that we have everything required to make the green
building movement to a success: expertise, innovative
product manufacturers and builders who are ready to take
up new ideas. Sharing our knowledge and experience will
help us in the future to make buildings more energy-efficient
and ecological.
I will work with passion, and a lot of motivation for Inspired
to be Green – and I hope you will support our initiative.
Stay inspired,
Isabelle
inspired
Contents to be
2 GREEN
10 Questions to the
Building with Great
Green Leader Concept in mind
Dr.R K Pachauri, visionary and pioneer
Focus of the TERI University
of Green Building movement in India
Building, highlighting its green
4
answers our versatile questions.
features and techniques.
14
Why you need to live in a
34
Green Home?
Understanding the benefits of Green Homes, and Visit at CONSTRO
explaining the basic concept and strategies of
IGBCs Green Home Certification.
28
Green Personality of
An outlook at CONSTRO 09,
month: Frank Contanzo
Green Building Exhibition held
44
A deep green interview with at Pune, focussing on the
the Director of Peerless Green Green Innovations showcased.
Initiatives, Chennai.
40
Litter Free Auroville
Showcase of the LFA
Programme held at Auroville,
Free Cooling based on the concept of
Understanding Free Cooling and Collective Waste Management,
its Implication. and also the ‘Trashion Show!’
held there.
More about:
- Green Lifestyle for everyone - Pg 9
- Wash basin + Water Closet - Pg 11
- Grow your Oxygen - Pg 12
- Designing Homes with natural ventilation & daylight - Pg 18
- Healthy high performance cleaning - Pg 20
- Ground source heat pumps - Pg 22
- Leed decoded: Community connectivity - Pg 24
- Stand alone vertical garden - Pg 25
- Water & Energy Efficiency with
Economic Impact - Pg 46
- Post Compenhagen - Pg 50
10
Questions with
Green Leader: R K Pachauri
“Visionary and Pioneer of the Green Building Movement in India"
1. What inspired you to take up “the journey on the path of
green”?
What inspired me to take up the journey on the path of green stems from two
factors. Firstly, I was born and spent a good part of my childhood in Nainital and
in the beautiful surroundings of mountains nestling a large and placid lake.
Extended exposure to the beauty of nature at such an early stage of my life
left a deep impression on my sensibility related to green issues. The second
reason lies in the fact that when I became a researcher I initially worked on
energy issues and realized very soon the major environmental implications
of the entire energy cycle, including the accumulation of greenhouse gases,
which have led to human induced climate change.
2. In what profession or on what project were you working 10
years ago?
Ten years ago too I was Director General of The Energy and Resources
Institute (TERI) and essentially involved in building up this Institute. At that
stage I was also the Vice-Chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), and played a significant role in several activities related to
the preparation of the Third Assessment Report (TAR). In those days I also
Dr. R K Pachauri, had time to carry out some research myself which unfortunately has become
Director General TERI
increasingly difficult now.
3. What is true sustainability in your view? 4. What does a day in the life of Dr.Pachauri
In my opinion true sustainability is based on a
look like?
practical understanding and application of the very My life involves very long hours of work, and when
simple definition in the Brundtland Commission I find I have many tasks to complete I often come
report which essentially defines sustainable in at odd hours in the night, often as early as 2.00
development as that form of development which a.m., and work for several hours in my office. I have
meets the needs of the present generation without to travel a lot and hence several of my days during
compromising on the ability of future generations to the year are taken up in international travel as well.
meet their own needs.
5. Describe a project of yours, that has 8. Name any buildings and projects
truly inspired you and why… (modern or historic) which you regard
The project that inspired me a great deal was
as one the finest examples of green &
what we launched at my Institute in 1995 sustainable design.
as the project called Growth with Resource TERI’s building known as RETREAT is a unique
Enhancement of Environment and Nature and pioneering example of green and sustainable
(GREEN 2047). In this project we at TERI design. It has been an inspiring example for
assessed what India has done in managing many green buildings that have followed since
its natural resources in the first fifty years of its inauguration in the year 2000.
independence i.e. from 1947 to 1997, and
where we were likely to go by 2047. The results
of this project were a major revelation.
9. Describe your personality and passion.
6. The funniest question someone My personality and passion revolve around
asked you about “Green”? bringing about change in attitudes and actions
of society, so that we restore our respect and
The funniest question someone asked me
reverence for nature in all human activities.
about green was whether painting buildings
green would be environmentally friendly.
10. What are the critical elements,
7. What Dr.Pachauri does when has you believe, for India to become a
free time (away from the hectic world world leader in the green building
of architecture & TERI) ? movement?
I have very little free time, but I always find I think the only way India can become a world
time to play cricket actively for a day on each leader in the green building movement is to
weekend during the cricket season, and swim create public awareness on the benefits that all
during the summer months every day I am in of us would reap by moving in that direction.
New Delhi. When I fly I work and if I have the
time I write fiction. I have recently published a Dr. R K Pachauri
book called Return to Almora. Director General TERI.
Inspired to be GREEN thanks Dr.RK Pachauri, Director General TERI for his valuable time towards this inspiring
interview with us.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 3
Green Construction with a Great
Concept in Mind
The TERI University Campus: Vasant Kunj
Compiled by Mrs Milli Mazumdar & Mrs Priyanka Kochar.
On a plot of two acres, the 1000,000 Located at Vasant Kunj in South Delhi, the
sq ft university campus comprises an new TERI University campus has been planned
administrative block, an office block and a to provide a setting that enhances learning
hostel block. The campus is aesthetically and showcases the concept of modern
designed with several features of passive green buildings. A hostel will also be part
solar design, energy-efficiency and water and of the campus.
waste management systems.
The Building is designed by Mr.Sanjay
The genesis of TERI University is rooted in
Mohe (Architect) and executed by M/S
comprehensive research, consultancy, and
CONFOSS CONSTRUCTIONS, E- 108,
outreach activities of TERI. The TERI University
offers world-class research facilities to students Lower Ground Floor, Greater Kailash
with its state-of-the-art infrastructure and Enlclave Part – I, New Delhi.
well-equipped laboratories.
Orientation Green features
The planning and orientation of spaces and building blocks • Insulation of external walls with rock wool.
ensures glare-free daylight in all regularly occupied areas. • Insulation on terrace done with vermiculite and puff
All the liner blocks are oriented in East-West direction with insulation topped with China mosaic for efficient
shorter facades facing the sun. The form of the building
heat reflection.
self shades the glazing such that direct sunlight is blocked
• Double insulation synergy azur glass is used in
at critical times of the day. The exposed facades and walls
external facade with aluminum glazing.
on the east and west directions have limited glazing.
• Earth Air Tunnel, Thermal mass and VRV system for
The shading devices are designed such that the windows cooling the building.
are completely shaded during the summer, which also • Hunter Douglas louvers and pergolas are used in the
contributes to reduction in cooling energy demand of the building for controlling the intensity of incoming sun
building. Energy efficiency is further enhanced by insulation rays.
of the walls and roof; and use of high performance window • Solar water heating system.
glazing to minimize thermal gain.
• Waste water recycling with STP.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 5
Envelope-Design
Use of efficient double glazing window units helps
significantly reduce the heat gained through window glazing
in the summers and the heat lost in the winters without
compromising on the day lighting integration and the levels
of visual comfort.
The walls that are exposed to the harsh solar rays have a
stone cladding which is fixed to the wall by channels. The air
gap between the wall and the stone cladding by itself acts
as an insulation layer. On the facades rock wool insulation
is also provided in the wall. Energy efficiency is further
proposed to be enhanced by insulation in the roof slab.
Water Management
To reduce the water demand, buildings in the campus
have been provided with low flow fixtures such as dual
flush toilets, low flow taps and sensor taps that would
result in 25% savings in water use. Further, the wastewater
generated from the hostel building equivalent to 8 KL/day
will be treated through efficient biological process using a
combination of microorganisms and bio-media filter. The
treatment system requires low area and energy. The treated
water meets the prescribed standards for landscape
irrigation. Rainwater run-off from roof and the site would
be used for recharge of aquifer. This would enhance the
sustainable yield in areas where over-development has
depleted the aquifer.
Natural Ventilation
The predominant wind direction is taken into account in
designing the open space. The hot air from outside moves
into the central court where it passes over the water body
and fountain. The air thus gets humidified and becomes
cooler. This makes the central atrium area always cooler
than the surrounding exterior.
Section through the building
Cooling System Earth air tunnel system
The campus is equipped with three types of cooling It is used for free cooling / heating of the building for a major
systems, integrated to take advantage of different part of the year. This technology uses the heat sink property
innovative technologies to achieve energy efficiency. of earth to maintain comfortable temperatures inside the
They are discussed briefly as under. building. Supplementary systems have been used for extreme
conditions (monsoon). In such a system energy savings of
• Earth Air Tunnel (EAT) nearly 50% compared to conventional system can be achieved.
• Variable refrigerant volume systems (VRV) At the campus, this system is used for providing comfort for
• Thermal storage the rooms in hostel block.
Variable refrigerant volume systems (VRV)
The VRV system is a modern air-conditioning system, similar to an
efficient version of a split air conditioner. The VRV system is highly
efficient under partial load conditions and therefore, has been
used in areas with varying occupancies such as the office block,
laboratories, administrative block and recreation & dining areas
of the hostel block. It features customized control of individual
zones. Depending on the cooling demands of the building, variable
refrigerant volumes circulate through the chillers. The VRV system also eliminates the requirement of a plant room; piping
& ducting for chilled water; and contributes to 15% energy savings as compared to a conventional air conditioning system.
Thermal Mass Storage
Thermal mass storage is used in the classrooms.
It involves storing energy when available and using
it when required. In the proposed arrangement,
cooling of the thermal mass is done during night
(when ambient temperatures are lower). During
daytime when ambient temperature is high, the
thermal storage is used as sink for the fresh air
requirement. Estimated energy savings of up to
40% can be achieved with this system.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 7
Day Lighting
In areas where daylight is available, fixtures have
been fitted with continuous dimming electronic
ballasts. These fixtures are controlled by light sensors,
which automatically dim the connected fixtures to
achieve uniform illumination required for the task.
In areas with non-uniform occupancy, Occupancy
sensors that can turn off the lights when the space
is unoccupied have been installed. This kind of
sophisticated lighting system has a potential of saving
70% lighting energy demand.
A View of Admin. Block
Teri University
Artificial Lighting
The campus has an efficient artificial lighting system designed
for minimizing the energy consumption without compromising the
visual comfort in the building. The system takes advantage of day
lighting wherever available.
Efficient lamps with high lumen output fixed with mirror optics
reflectors and bat-wing louvers for glare free uniform illumination
have been installed. All fixtures have energy saving electronic
ballasts. With efficient designing the lighting loads have been
reduced from 2W/m2 to 1 W/m2.
Summary
In an integrated scenario to achieve efficiency, all the above measures will contribute to 60% energy savings in comparison
to a conventionally designed building. The water saving measures will have 25% reduction in the potable water use only
by use of efficient fixtures. In addition, reuse of wastewater for irrigation purpose through resource and energy efficient
biological process and rainwater harvesting for aquifer recharge would also contribute to efficient water management.
Inspired to be GREEN is impressed by the sustainable design of the TERI university and is looking forward to more
buildings designed in a very GREEN way. We thank Confoss Group for sharing this valuable information with us.
For more information on the projects and Confoss, please visit the website www.confoss.com or write to ts@confozss.com
Going green is not only about living and working in a Green Building. There are so many ways to go green in
your day to day life. If it is simple, fast and gives you the joy of showing your love & respect for our Mother
Earth, then why not try these out. Make as many of these tips a part of your life and the environment
and your friends will smile back!
At Home In your Garden
• Choose energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs. • Water the garden early in the morning or late in the
• Save water: some simple steps can go a long way in evening. This reduces water loss due to evaporation.
saving water like for e.g: you should always turn off the • Explore water efficient irrigation systems. Sprinkler
tap when you are brushing your teeth. And try to collect irrigation and drip irrigation can be adapted to
the water used to wash vegetables and salad to water garden situations.
your houseplants. • If you have little space in your garden, you could make
• Let clothes dry naturally. a compost pit to turn organic waste from the kitchen
• Keep lids on pans when cooking to prevent your cooker and garden to soil enriching manure.
having to work extra hard • While shopping buy fruit and vegetables that are in
• Prefer to use gas ovens, Geysers etc in place of the season to help reduce enormous transport costs
electric ones. resulting from importing produce and, where possible,
• Recycle your paper, glass, plastics and other waste. choose locally produced food.
• Use rechargeable batteries. • When buying fish look out for a variety of non-
• Send e-greetings instead of paper cards. endangered species and buy local fish if possible.
At the Office At Renovation time
• Use printers that can print on both sides of the paper; • Make the renovations to incorporate green strategies
try to look into this option when replacing old printers. like daylight and ventilation.
• Use the back of a draft or unwanted printout instead • Chose low VOC paints and adhesives.
of notebooks. Even with a double-sided printer there is • Use local and eco friendly materials & products.
likely to be plenty of spare paper to use! • Select water saving fixtures for your toilets and kitchen.
• Always buy recycled paper - for your business stationery • Use BEE rated equipment and appliances.
and to use in your printers. • Recycle the waste generated from construction like
• Switch off computer monitors, printers and other scrap & packaging material.
equipment at the end of each day. Though in standby • Install CFC free air conditioning equipment with high
mode they're still using power - and that adds energy rating.
to global warming. • Improve the building envelope system by installing
• Always turn off your office light and computer monitor insulation in roof and walls as well as select a high
when you go out for lunch or to a meeting.. performance glass window with uPVC frame.
We need a Green Revolution to save the planet that gives us life.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 9
DESIGN + SUSTAINABILITY =
Washbasin+Watercloset
Delicate forms and innovative technology
combine at last in the interests of sustainable
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space, because its renovation system
for saving
both water and space, because its renovation system
filters the wastewater from the basin and
filters the wastewater from the basin and reuses
reuses it in the discharge of the cistern, and
it in the discharge of the cistern, and because its
because its exclusive L-shaped design brings
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body together
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sophistication and love for the planet.
Design Award
Now every drop counts for two.
All of the water that falls into the white ceramic of the
washbasin follows an exclusive drainage system. Thanks
to a filtering system, the larger waste products are
separated out from the water, and only the liquid passes
directly into a small treatment tank where it is purified.
Each discharge is made directly from this tank, which is
connected
DESIGN to the watercloset
+ SUSTAINABILITY = cistern. In this way, the water
supplied is clean and hygienic and is used down to the
last drop.
Technology in the service of the environment.
Washbasin+Watercloset
The exclusive Single Pro faucet series was born out of
Delicate forms and innovative technology
combine the
at lastsame need
in the interests to find sustainable solutions that respect
of sustainable
progress. The new W+W is the sum of
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indispensable elements for saving both water
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and space,water.
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system
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design bringswhich enables water to be saved.
together in a single body what until now
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was unthinkable, giving greater freedom of system opens directly in the
movement. cold position,
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of the ways between turning on the boiler unnecessarily
sophistication and love for the planet.
and so reducing CO2 emissions. W+W is the fusion
Design Award
of washbasin and watercloset in one single piece.
Complemented with the Single Pro faucet series, it is the
logical choice when sustainability and good design are the
priority. All in one.
W+W is the fusion of washbasin and watercloset in one single piece.
Complemented
Roca Sanitario, S.A. withBarcelona
the Single
Pro faucet series, it is the logical choice
· Av. Diagonal 513 · 08029
when sustainability and good design are the priority. All in one.
EL AGUA CORRIENTE
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Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I
NO SE DESPERDICIA
NO SE DESPERDICIA
11
SISTEMA DE FILTRAJE
SISTEMA DE FILTRAJE
GROW
YOUR
OXYGEN
Oxygen is the very essence of life! However, it is suggested that many of us have low levels of oxygen in our bodies.
Over the last several thousand years it is estimated that the amount of oxygen in the air has fallen significantly and now
stands at around 21%. However
some cities around the world are recording levels of oxygen as low
as 12%. At 7% human life can no longer exist.
Why has it dropped so much? Simple - man is to blame. We pollute the air with carbon-based fuels and other chemicals
and we are destroying our natural oxygen farms, the rain forests. This means more carbon dioxide and less oxygen
throughout the world.
Many people do not know their bodies are suffering from low oxygen and toxins caused by the effects of pollution and
bad diets, but may not recognise the symptoms which include: low energy, interrupted sleeping patterns, frequent colds
and infections, poor concentration and general poor health.
What can optimum level of
oxygen can do to us?
• Stimulate brain activity
• Increase memory capacity
• Boost concentration
• Develop stronger alertness
• Raise energy levels
• Improve strength
• Build endurance
• Detox your blood
• Reduce stress
• Calm anxiety
• Alleviate tension headaches
• Remedy irregular sleeping patterns
• Help with cardiovascular activity
• Prevent lactic acid build up
• Strengthen the immune system
• Revitalise the skin
• Ease hangovers
• A single tree produces approximately 260 pounds of
oxygen per year. That means two mature trees can supply
enough oxygen annually to support a family of four!
• Over the course its life, a single tree can absorb one
ton of carbon dioxide.
• Trees help cool down the atmosphere. They can bring
down your air conditioning costs by up to 20 percent.
Trees are our breathing partners. We may not live in a forest, but we need trees in
order to live. People and animals depend on trees and plants for oxygen. As we breathe in, our
body uses oxygen. As we breathe out, it gives off carbon dioxide. Trees do just the opposite.
They take in Carbon Dioxide and then release oxygen (which also helps clean the air).
Trees also help cool the Earth. Trees give off moisture. More moisture in the air means
more rain and all living things need water. Trees cool the air by shading and through water
evaporation. They act like huge pumps to cycle water up from the soil back into the air. The
200,000 leaves on a healthy 100 foot tree can take 11,000 gallons of
water from the soil and breathe it into the air in a single growing season.
Trees are a natural resource that can be renewed - by the planting of trees - replacing the trees that
are harvested for use by people. We depend on forest products for things like the wood we burn for
heat and the wood we use to make houses and furniture. We use trees for the paper to make books
and letters we write. Actually, there are more than 5,000 things made from trees. Trees give us
baseball bats, shoe polish, and even tooth paste that comes from tree extracts.
Today, the people and companies that manage our nation's forests recognize that trees are a valuable
resource and that it is in the best interest of each of us to conserve them. The idea of sustainable
forestry means trying to keep things in balance - when trees are cut down to make paper and other
products, new trees are planted or regrow naturally. Forests helps wildlife by providing them food and
a home. Trees and forests help us by cleaning our air, soil, and water - and provide a place for you to
camp and hike! So you can help the world by planting a tree.
Improve your Indoor Oxygen level with these landscape specimens
1. Spider Plant
(Chlorophytum comosum) This variety is effective at removing
formaldehydes, and tests have shown that it can remove
more than 95% of the carbon monoxide in a room.
2. Peace Lily
(Spathiphyllum) This Lily excels at cleansing alcohol, acetone, trichloroethylene,
benzene and formaldehyde from the air and does very well under artificial light – one
for the office.
3. Ficus Alii
In recent years this attractive South East Asian plant has increased in
popularity. It’s easy to grow, resistant to insects and is an efficient air purifier.
4. Bromeliad
(Aechmea fasciata) Long lasting pink and blue flowers make this a real
statement plant. Excellent for formaldehyde and xylene. Spider Plant Peace Lily
5. Rubber Plant
(Ficus elastica) Does very well at removing all indoor toxins, and is especially
effective at removing formaldehyde.
6. Orchid
(Dendrobium) Excellent for removing acetone, ammonia, chloroform, ethyl
acetate, methyl alcohol, formaldehyde and xylene. Bromeliad Orchid
This article is been written by Santhosh M, final year student of Architecture from Chennai.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 13
Why You Need to Live
in a Green Home?
Introduction
"Home is where the heart is and a safe & pleasant place to be. Poor or rich, no children or a dozen children, adults have
the control to make any place a good home.”
The question that comes to mind, does “safe” only refer to protection from thieves and forces of nature? What about
the home being safe for its occupants? Do you actually know the quality of the indoor environment you live in? Does
“pleasant” only have to do with the design and interiors? Does it come at the cost of destroying nature and other
species on the earth? What kind of world are we leaving for our future generations?
Housing in India:
It is our responsibility, as residents of India, to look The domestic waste generated in our country which
beyond the old paradigm and look at our home, in a is sent to landfills is also staggering. We all generate
broader context and more responsible way. Our homes waste, but in most countries, a majority of this waste
not only affect our lives, but affect the world around us. is recycled or reused. Our lifestyle and awareness
A simple step towards a more holistic lifestyle can have about the environment is lacking and hence these
compounded effects on our environment. sustainable practices have not been implemented
in majority of homes.
The population of our country has crossed the 1 billion
mark and with the energy used by the residential sector is We spend more than 85% of our life in an indoor
22% of total energy consumption. A majority of this power environment and it is not uncommon to live in homes
comes from coal and oil; both having severe negative which have inadequate fresh air and ventilation.
impact on the environment. With the economic growth, These are some of the many reasons why
the housing sector growth has also flourished. The most all homes to be built, should be designed and built in a
critical issue is if this growth is sustainable and has a sustainable manner.
minimum negative impact on the environment.
The Home & Its Occupants:
Do you have any idea what a major impact the home can
have on its occupants? A home can affect our physical
as well as mental health. The design of a home can
facilitate natural light and ventilation as well as provide
a connection to the outdoors. Construction as well as
selection of building materials is also critical to ensure
no materials are selected, which have toxic effects on the
occupant’s health.
Countless studies have been done which prove the
positive impact of fresh air and daylight can have on
individuals. Research shows an improvement of up to 20%
in productivity and well being of individuals who work and
study in such indoor environment. Children learn better in
schools which conform to these standards.
Megapolis Pune
Tepeyac Haven What is a Green Home?
Pasco, Washington
LEED Gold Certified “A green home incorporates smart design, technology,
construction and maintenance elements to significantly
lessen the negative impact of the home on the environment
and improve the health of the people who live inside.” (US
Green Building Council)
A green home doesn’t cost much more than a regular
design but it has a much better market value. Green Homes
will approximately cost 3% to 5% more than conventional
building constructions. The payback period for the higher
investment is around 3 years and will be recovered through
the energy & water savings.
Benefits of Green Homes Margarido House, North California
LEED Platinum Certified
• Improved energy efficiency, between 20% to 50%
energy savings over conventional homes
• Increased water savings, around 30% to 50%
• Toxin free materials & natural ventilation for better
indoor air quality
• Increased use of regional materials & products with
recycled content
• Promotes use of daylight for better health &
productivity
• CFC free equipment
• Reduces/eliminates negative environmental impact
• Improved asset value and marketability
India has always been Green! Taj Mahal Salim Ji Ki Haveli
Agra Jaisalmer
Green Buildings and homes is not a new concept, the
principles have been successfully done for centuries in
the past. Our heritage buildings are great examples of
truly sustainable buildings. The Taj Mahal, Red Fort, Hawa
Mahal are great examples of buildings which followed these
principles to the “T”. The green concepts were also used in
residential buildings like the Havelis and courtyard homes.
At a time where people did not have air conditioners and
artificial lights, the designs had to utilize these free natural Hawa Mahal Redfort
Jaipur Delhi
resources. Materials were predominantly procured locally and
the waste generated during construction was minimal. And
it is such a joy and pleasure, to experience the breathtaking
architecture and comfortable indoor environment in any of
these buildings.
We do not need to reinvent the wheel, we only have to
recognize the knowledge and wisdom of our past and
incorporate these in today’s context of lifestyle and
construction requirements.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 15
IGBC Green Home Rating System Chart showing point distribution
The Indian Green Building Council with over 500 committed members and weightage of green homes
launched the first rating system for residential buildings in India.
IGBC Green Homes is based on the LEED New Construction and
LEED Homes but has been modified to reflect residential architecture
and construction in India and our culture. National priorities are
Indoor
addressed in Green Homes, water and energy efficiency play a big Materials Environmental
role next to reduced use of fossil fuels and virgin materials, also Quality
handling of household waste and wellbeing of occupants is a criteria
for a Green Home. Like in all LEED rating systems certification levels
from certified over silver and gold up to platinum are achievable for Energy
Innovation
projects which are reducing the negative environmental impacts. Efficiency
The Rating system consists of six categories and nine prerequisites.
Credit Points can be earned under Site Selection and Planning, Site
Selection
Water Efficiency, Energy Efficiency, Materials, Indoor Environmental Water
Efficiency
Quality and Innovation & Design Process. The diagram illustrates
the importance of each category, and shows thatIndoor
Energy and Water
Efficiency together cover more than half of the total
Environmental 80 Points.
Materials
Quality
The potential of Green Homes is amazing because 75% to 80 % of the
real estate demand comes from the residential sector. Developers Site Selection and Planning
like Mahindra Life-spaces and Aliens Group took the chance and Water Efficiency
came up with a completely new definition of residential buildings.
Energy
These Innovation
include climate appropriate design, building materials with Energy Efficiency
recycled
Efficiencycontent, water saving fixtures, VOC free paints, and an
energy saving building envelope additional to green areas which Materials
help create a healthy environment.
Indoor Environmental Quality
Site Rating System
For further information about the IGBC Green Homes
visit the websiteWater Selection
of the Indian Green Building Council www.igbc.in Innovation and Design Process
Efficiency
How to Make your Home, a Green Home?
Designing and building a green home is not a complicated process. The most important factor is the project team’s
understanding and commitment to Green.
The process of going Green involves the whole project team, i.e. the architect, landscape architect, HVAC, electrical,
plumbing engineers, and contractor and for the most benefit, should start at the Conceptual design stage itself.
Green Grace Pre Certified Kalpataru Hills Pre Certified
Platinum, Hyderabad Platinum, Thane
BCIL T ZED Green Home Platinum Rated Mahindra Royale Pre Certified Platinum,Pune
20 Simple Strategies to Go Green:
Here are some of the strategies that make a home Green. You do not have to implement all of them but incorporating
will make a difference to your operational costs as well as put a smile on Mother Earth’s face:
1. Sustainable Site
• Retain at least 25% of the site as vegetated open space
• Provide electric charging stations to encourage alternative fuel vehicle
• Use a light color (painted or light tiles) to reflect heat away
• Chose a site which is close to basic amenities like ATM, shops, schools etc
2. Water Efficiency
• Select water conserving fixtures like water closets, faucets and showers
• Reduce the amount of turf in the landscape, use native ground covers
• Implement a rainwater harvesting plan for all roof run-off water
• Install water meters to understand and gauge your consumption
3. Energy Efficiency
• Improve building envelope performance by choosing appropriate glass, wall and roof
• Install solar hot water heating system
• Use efficient lighting technologies and fixtures like CFL’s and LED’s
• Use BEE star rated equipment and appliances like air conditioners, refrigerators etc
4. Materials and Resources
• Separate waste into recyclables like paper, plastic, metal and glass at source
• Specify materials with high recycled content like AAC blocks, glass and steel
• Procure materials locally (within 500 kilometres)
• Reuse salvaged and refurbished materials / products when possible
5. Indoor Environmental Quality
• Architectural design to provide adequate daylight and views for all spaces
• Use LOW VOC (volatile organic compounds) paints, adhesives, sealants and carpets
• Utilize natural ventilation when possible and design to accommodate cross ventilation
• Perform building “flush out” before occupancy, to remove construction contaminants.
The process of going Green is of course, much simpler and easy to implement in a new construction than in an existing
home. From the above checklist, existing homes can implement these during renovation.
Conclusion:
Green homes are, simply put, better homes. Homes
built to these standards are energy & water saving,
provide its occupants with an indoor environment
which positively affect their health, reduce the
impact on the nature and most importantly show
our commitment and concern for our future
generations.
Mr.Dhruv Futnani, LEED AP
Go Green, show you care for
The author of this article is a green building consultant
more than yourself!
working with Spectral Services Consultants.
You can contact him at 09958882738.
dhruv@spectralservices.net
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 17
Designing Homes with Adequate
Natural Ventilation & Daylight
We all know that a good home should provide Windows: Daylight vs. Heat Gain
an indoor environment for occupants with
Daylight (which we have abundance of in India) needs to be carefully
adequate natural ventilation and daylight. “More
managed and dealt with in the design of buildings. While the light
easily said than done” is a statement that holds
from the sun is critically important, the heat needs to be controlled.
true when you have analyzed some of the homes
How often have we seen glass box buildings, which have more glare
in our cities and realize that and these basic
than light, resulting in curtains and blinds being closed and artificial
requirements have not been satisfied in all cases.
lights burning through the day.
Have you ever noticed the abundance of
The windows are responsible for bringing in light and heat and hence
fresh air and daylight in any historic building
the design should address both issues. The R value (resistance to
or home? These were spaces which did not
heat transfer) of a window (high performance) is about 1/4th of a
have air conditioning or artificial lights, and
opaque wall, hence the placement, performance, size and shading
hence attention was paid to utilizing free
are critical.
natural resources. These buildings combined
the use of materials, innovative technologies • North or South orientations preferred
and understanding comfort related issues in • Appropriate shading for all windows
buildings. The fact that these buildings are still • Specifications of VLT (visible light transmittance), Solar
functioning and pleasing to the eye is testament Factor / SHGC and U value
to the greatness of our heritage and wisdom. • Windows between 2’6-7’6” contribute to views, above 7’6” are
for daylight only
Designers today, tend to overlook this challenge, • Frame – uPVC are most energy efficient
only to hide the deficiencies in the built • Light shelves for spaces of larger depths
environment through artificial means. The role
of an architect, is far greater than the designer A simple rule of thumb to achieve daylight is to
of an aesthetically pleasing elevation and
functional plan, and also includes understanding achieve 2% with formula below:
the comfort of occupants. Glazing Factor = WindowArea [SF]
x ( VLT x Constant)
Natural ventilation and daylight have been Floor Area [SF]
proven through countless studies to improve
health, productivity and overall well-being of Constant Values: Windows on wall : 0.2 Skylight : 1.0
the occupants. So does your home meet these
minimum standards or do you need to rethink the Another rule of thumb is that light will penetrate 1.5 times the height
environment you spend a majority of your life! of the window and hence for larger floor plates, courtyards can be
introduced based on this calculation.
Natural Ventilation:
The movement of air from the outside and through a
space is termed as ventilation. Ventilation is critical
to replenish the oxygen and remove contaminants in
a space. A common issue known as “Sick Building
Syndrome” is observed in building with inadequate
fresh air being supplied and the spread of germs
and a general uncomfortable feeling is experienced
by the occupants.
Many designs claim ventilation by providing a
window per space. This is incorrect, as for air to
flow, there needs to be an inlet & outlet for air and
some type of convective or pressure system. This is
evident in any traditional home design incorporating
courtyards. The courtyard is a store for cool air and
windows open into the court. Equally important
are the high level ventilators on the opposite side
of the room, which when vented, create a negative
pressure in the space, whereby drawing in the cool
air from the courtyard.
While designing homes, a simple rule of thumb for
fenestration to achieve adequate natural ventilation
is as follows:
Space Type Openable areas as a
percentage of total carpet area
Living Spaces 13%
Kitchens 10.5%
Bathrooms 5%
Please note that this refers to “openable
area” and hence the type of window is
critical – sliders allow only 50% operable and
should be calculated.
Conclusion:
A healthy and productive indoor environment
is the result of careful and intelligent design.
A design incorporating natural daylight and
natural ventilation would certainly not cost
anything more and the benefits are both
monetary and intangible.
Buildings are made to keep us safe, happy
and healthy. It’s up to us to demand this
from our architects, MEP, building material
& product manufacturers and the design &
construction industry.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 19
HEALTHY HIGH PERFORMANCE CLEANING
Author: A pathway to Sustainable Cleaning
Mr. Abhay Desai
Director Marketing South Asia.
Just imagine where we would be today without the means to Step 3
Minimise the environmental impacts that arise during your
remove harmful and unwanted contaminants from our buildings.
cleaning operations.
Contaminants like bacteria, viruses, molds and fungi can
adversely affect human health. Common dirt dust and soils How?
can be contaminated with pesticides and other chemicals. • Define what task the cleaning products will be used for and
Poor indoor quality is often associated with improper cleaning buy products which deliver the required performance.
products and procedures. Aside from the obvious impact on • Analyse and reduce rework rates. First time cleaning is
health issues (respiratory illnesses, allergies, headaches etc) essential to minimise waste, particularly in energy intensive
the cleaning products and procedures can also impact an operations such as machine dishwashing.
organization financial bottom line. Without a doubt cleaning is • Favour more concentrated products, where applicable.
important to protect our health as well as the buildings in which • Dilute and use products according to the manufacturer’s
we live and work. instructions using accurate dosing systems where
Also Users of cleaning products are increasingly aware of the need appropriate.
to conduct cleaning operations in a way that is ‘environmentally • Service cleaning equipment regularly, particularly critical
friendly’. But this doesn’t just mean using chemicals that are items such as dosing pumps for automated machines.
safe for the environment, it means minimizing all the many other • Train staff, for example using BICSc courses which detail out
environmental impacts that arise in making and using cleaning the way we handle cleaning chemicals.
products, such as energy consumption and waste disposal. The
Smart building owners and managers in organizations from
term ‘improving sustainability’ is used to refer to making an
across all sectors and industries are taking actions to reduce the
improvement in the overall impact of cleaning.
negative impact of s of their facilities.
There are three key steps, which are required to
optimize sustainability: Healthy High Performance Cleaning programs are designed to
improve a buildings environmental quality and sustainability
• Choose products that are designed for sustainability as well with a cost neutral or cost reduction impact on operations. It is
as safety. a unique, all inclusive approach to cleaning that helps ensure a
• Work with suppliers so that they responsibly manage their clean and safe work environment, increase employee productivity
manufacturing impacts. and satisfaction and enhance the value and integrity of buildings
• Minimise the environmental impacts that arise during your while reflecting organizational mission and values.
cleaning operations.
The HHPC program starts with environmentally preferable
Step 1: chemicals then offers proven cleaning strategies, procedures
Choose products that are designed for sustainability and purchasing guidelines for consumables, tools and cleaning
as well as safety. Equipment. With a HHPC program you get:
a) Require your vendor to declare the list of banned ingredients. 1. A clear perspective on the need for green cleaning and green
b) Ensure that the manufacturer produces enough cleaning concepts.
evidence of the fact that the ingredients are selected not just 2. Cleaning strategies procedures and guidelines backed by
for safety but optimize sustainability of the finished product the most up to date training support tools.
when used diligently. 3. Environmentally preferable janitorial guidelines for
chemicals, paper tools and cleaning equipment.
Step 2 4. A pathway to earn credits towards certification under the
Work with vendors so that they responsibly manage their LEED for existing buildings Green building Rating system
manufacturing impacts.
a) Ask your vendor for evidence that they have effective control The Healthy High Performance Cleaning takes traditional cleaning
of impacts during the manufacturing phase. Key areas include: beyond appearances with procedures designed to make your
building the safest, healthiest, and the cleanest it has ever been.
• Minimising raw material and finished product wastage during The most important step is to understand that cleaning plays a
manufacture. huge role in the health of the buildings occupants. Cleaning also
• Minimising consumption of energy and water. directly affects the asset value of the building. The end goal of the
• Minimising emissions to sewer and atmosphere and, in HHPC program is to simplify the lives of customers by providing
particular, controlling emissions of hazardous substances to more than environmentally preferable cleaning products and
avoid risk to people or the environment. helping them achieve safe, healthy, high productivity facilities.
• Minimising packaging waste and recycling used packaging.
• Operating an Environmental Management System.
• Operating procedures to prevent accidental emissions.
• Operating Occupational Health & Safety systems
to protect staff.
Clean is just the beginning
Ground Source
heat pumps
An Energy Efficient Air-Condition System. India’s First Installation.
Geo-Thermal wonder works by taking
advantage of the near constant temperature
of the earth which exists only a few feet below
the surface. For example, when cooling, air-
to-air heat pumps and other air conditioning
units found in most homes actually remove
heat from the air in the building through their
compressorized refrigeration mechanisms
and move the heat to the outdoors where
they attempt to expel it into the air. As
summer progresses and the average daytime
temperatures raise, these other units find it
more difficult to expel this heat into hot air-
the system actually loses efficiency and labors
to keep up with cooling demands.
In contrast, the Geo-Thermal Heat Pump
uses the same type of compressorized
refrigeration system to remove heat from
the building, but it transfers the heat into
the temperate earth and not into hot
air. Because it is easier to move heat to
the cooler earth than into the sweltering
summer air, Geo-Thermal Heat Pumps
do not have to work as hard to cool your
home. This efficiency has a bottom line
- substantial savings reflected in your
monthly utility bill.
When heating, the compressor system of
the Geo-Thermal Heat Pump uses the heat
energy stored in the earth to efficiently
heat your home while other heat pump
systems are laboring to gather heat from
the frigid outdoor air, or are even freezing
up. Because Geo-Thermal Heat Pumps
utilize such a large amount of the earth’s
stored energy, they are typically more
efficient than even heaters which burn
environmentally damaging fossil fuels.
Ground source heat pump uses ground to reject the heat.
Conventional heat pumps (chillers or Air conditioners)
reject heat, either to water or air. The ground temperature
below 4 m is always constant and it is equal to annual
average temperature of a particular geographical location.
For Bangalore, the temperature below the earth is 24 C
(Described in EAT section). The ground system links the
heat pump to the underground and allows for extraction
of heat from the ground or injection of heat into the
ground. The system can maintain space temperature up
to 22 C.
Types of Ground Source Heat Pumps
• Vertical Open loop
• Vertical Closed loop
• Horizontal loop Ground source heat pump - Section
Advantages
• It consumes 70% of the energy compared to
conventional highly efficient water cooled chillers.
• User can set to any temperature in the range of 180
C to 280 C.
• Can work in huge diversity temperature ranging from
10% to 100%.
• Able to produce hot water for residents at lower
energy cost.
• Best suitable for hot and humid climate.
• No water requirement because this is a closed loop.
Project Information
Project: National Data centre for Aircel, Gurgaon, New Delhi
No of bore holes: 28 nos
Depth of the bore well: 140 mts
Equipment size: 20 TR x 3 nos (2 working + 1 standby)
Inlet water temperature to bore well: 34.40C
Outlet water temperature from bore well: 29.4 0C
Average Heat rejection : 40 W / m
Achieved COP: 4.2 to 4.8
Team Information
GSHP Consultant: McD BERL: Contact Mr. Mahesh, Mob:
098453 24942, Web: www.mcdberl.com
GSHP Installation company: Wipro Eco Energy
GSHP Supplier: Climate Master, USA.
Inspired to be GREEN thanks Mr.Mahesh, of McD Built Environment
Research Laboratory Pvt. Ltd. for sharing with us this valuable
information.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 23
l e e d
decoded Sustainable Sites Credit 2: Community Connectivity
Intent
To channel development to urban areas with existing
infrastructure, protect green-fields, and preserve habitat
and natural resources.
½ mile radius
Construct or renovate a building on a site
that meets the following 4 criteria:
• Located on a previously developed site.
• Within 1/2 mile (0.8 KM) of a residential area HLS Offices
125 Massachusetts Avenue
Second Floor
or neighborhood with an average density of Cambridge, MA 02138
10 units per acre net.
• Within 1/2 mile (0.8 KM) of at least 10 basic services.
• Has pedestrian access between the building
and the services.
LEED-CI v2.0: Sustainable Sites Credit 2 – Development Density
Harvard Law School Offices, 125 Mount Auburn, Second Floor
Harvard Green
Campus Initiative Prepared by: Andrea Rued
5 June 2008
Basic Services include, but are not limited to:
• Bank / ATM • Senior Care Facility
• Place of Worship • Park
• Convenience Grocery • Pharmacy
• Day Care Center • Post Office
• Cleaners • Restaurant
• Fire Station • School
• Beauty Salon • Supermarket
• Hardware • Theater
• Laundry • Community Center
• Library • Fitness Center
• Medical or Dental Office • Museum
Submittal Documents:
• Map (to scale) showing
project entrance and radius of
½ mile shown.
• Basic services marked on the map,
with legend.
• Residential development
with density.
• Photos of services / facilities.
Notes
• Basic services can be on site or within radius, but should be functioning at time of commissioning of building.
• Multiple shops providing same service is not permitted (Even if 3 ATM’s or 4 Grocery Stores are present, only 1
can be counted for each service).
• Radius is calculated around a main building entrance.
Do you know the quality of air you breathe when you are in your home or office? Is there enough
oxygen and have the contaminants been removed? Did you know that plants can improve the
quality of the indoor environment of our buildings?
Imagine breathing air which contains more oxygen and less pollutants and being in a
space that can actually help improving your health. Oxygen levels have been directly
linked to productivity and the feeling of well being. And of course, the psychological
effect of being connected to nature, even if you are on the 32nd floor.
ELT India has introduced an innovative solution to provide the benefits
of landscape in buildings and the design requires minimal floor area and
maintenance. These stand alone vertical gardens are affordable for
households and suitable for small offices & commercial spaces. The
company specialized in vertical gardens & roof gardens introduced this
system in India specifically for smaller scale, hassle free applications.
Water Tank Selection of plant medium is specific to the light levels and the
individual requirements. The plants could be chosen from a
wide variety of indoor plants.
dy
The stand alone systems are available in 3 sizes and
they can be installed in any place with sufficient
daylight. Watering of the plants is very simple
through a small tank which is built in the frame
of the panel. The panel allows the water to travel
down to the bottom, providing adequate water for
the entire vegetated medium. A similar tank collects
the excess water, making the system very neat and
tidy. The frame of the new system can be designed
to suit the interiors of the place.
Invest in your health and happiness… After all,
what could be more important!
Inspired to be Green is very happy to have one of the
first stand alone systems in the Chennai office.
For more information please contact ELT India,
Mr Pradeep Barpande, Mobile: 9923020000 or
write a mail to info@eltindia.com
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 25
Green Personality
of the Month:
Frank Costanzo Mr.Frank Costanzo
Director/ Consultant
Peerless Green Initiatives, Chennai
A deep Green Interview...
Can you tell us about your background and So when I achieved the freedom to choose my career
what made you give up the practice of law to path, I let my heart lead and brain follow. I harmonized
be a green consultant? my international legal, business and economic
background with my passion for the green movement.
Well, because of my background, I like to think I also utilized my deep network of experts in India and
that I bring a unique skill set to the eco-consultant U.S. to build my consultant ‘dream team.’
facilitation marketplace. I’m also amazed how the The benefit of my experience is that I know how
blessings of life have worked out so poetically in my big and small businesses think. Plus we’ve finally
case. When I was in college and law school I was arrived in an age where ‘going-green’ makes business
extremely active in the budding green movement. sense beyond CSR (corporate sustainability and
Then I graduated and-like many of my lawyer peers- responsibility). It’s unfortunate that we need to
you chase the position that offers the best benefits. think that way, but the reality is that businesses
Unfortunately, commercial insurance litigation firms (by and large) only start thinking CSR when
won over green-advocacy. (Laugh) However, it couldn’t their bottom lines are fat or if they have an
be more perfect because for fifteen years I assembled image they need to protect. So now we in the
all the skill sets necessary to become an ‘all round’ green industry have the distinct advantage of offering
consultant and facilitator. solutions that allow businesses to fatten their bottom
As a litigation attorney, your stock and trade is your lines regardless of their dedication to sustainability.
ability to deeply and fully find and analyse every factor I guess that’s another advantage of being a former
that can influence a case one way or the other. You lawyer with a business background- you become very
also have to get inside your opponent’s head and you practical and economic minded in your approach.
have to know every detail of your client’s business.
Many of my peers would interview clients in their
air conditioned offices and soft leather chairs...not
me. I came from a business background...my great-
grandfather started a hardware store that still operates
today. For me, there’s nothing like understanding
someone’s operations by studying it -first-hand-
in the field. So, I’d frequently be found wearing a
hardhat on construction-sites, spending long nights
with Madras IIT techs doing copywrite forensics for
Mumbai-based BPO platforms, or wearing hip waders
for a due diligence for commercial fishing vessel. The
advantage it gave me when it came time to stand-and-
deliver in front of a judge or jury was immense.
Tell me about your consultation company Translation please?
Peerless Green Initiatives? What is PGI?
Ha...yes, ok. Well we have as our core some of the finest
The PGI mission ethos is two-fold in that it consults in the industry in areas including LEED architecture/
and is an advisory; and it is also a network portal that engineering/construction, energy R&D techs, organic
creates and facilitates project and business plans to horticulturists, conservationists and IT engineers.
fruition. PGI also is adept at creating and securing Our sciences-set is what makes us ‘peerless.’ We
strategic relationships -tie ups- domestically and overlay that with top-shelf professionals in business,
internationally, between privates, NGO’s and public- vertical integration, supply-lining, trade practices,
private partnerships. At PGI, we’re skilled at vertical law, economics, licensure, government relations/
integration of process and can offer end-to-end lobbying and media. That set is what makes us able
solutions that can really impact the research, to facilitate tie-ups and projects. That’s the ‘initiative’
development or supply of new green technology, aspect of what we do.
materials and processes.
So you live and work in India?
We’re all pleased with the economic ties that our
respective countries are establishing. It’s very Yes, and I love it. Before starting Peerless Green
encouraging for the green industry as well as Initiatives (PGI) I was general counsel to many
combating global warming, which obviously knows no U.S. companies with interests in India and I was
political borders. When a group from Madras IT won enamoured with the development of India as an up-
the New York ‘Next Big Idea’ award, that made us at and-coming economic power. Also some of my closet
PGI very excited and inspired to continue pushing the colleagues were Indians and NRI’s and I really cliqued
envelope of green business development. with their balanced business mindset. The best thing
about getting into the green movement in India is
that it doesn’t come with a lot of the other baggage
that exists in certain sectors. Media and politics
worry about border threats, business sector worry
about outcompeting China...but the green-set flies
above all that, and with the growing amount of
Government incentives and great institutions
like the India Green Building Counsel, we’re
witnessing a period of innovation that makes
every other Indian sector envious. (Laughing) It
true...I mean, in the U.S. the government has been
providing massive incentives for promotion and
innovative of green business models, and I’m pleased
to see the Indian Government, particularly in Tamil
What is the scope of PGI’s range of services?
Nadu, has joined in introducing strong incentives
We focus on four areas: energy, sustainable building, for the development of green non-grid-dependent
responsible agricultural practices, and ‘green’ solutions for the burgeoning energy building and
certifications (LEED, WFTO, FLO, Organic to name agricultural demands. Economic scientists like Steven
a few.) Then we have two sub-sectors: support of Levitt and Stephen Dubner have shown that people
rural primary education and environmental crisis respond strongly to strong incentives. Those
management. We couple that with creating and incentives, for example LEED, World Fair Trade
negotiating domestic and cross-border U.S.-India and Fair Trade Labelling fuel the engine of green
strategic alliances for the best development and use innovative development.
of the state-of –the-art; funding core missions through
public private partnerships and NGO’s and so on.
What I can say philosophically, regarding PGI’s ethos,
is that we use our wide reach network to be a force
multiplier for clients. To use the sourcing vernacular...
our core group has extensive vertical penetration
along a wide horizontal spectrum.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 29
I could fill a volume with all the India economic forecast brand. The students were shocked and we had a
data in my head. But it suffices to say ‘going green’ lively discussion regarding the value of failure. Being
is not a luxury- its mandatory if India is to continue unafraid of failure, and seeing failure as an opportunity
its current trajectory. It’s a well quoted fact that 6% for future modification and success, changes one’s
of India’s grid potential comes from wind energy, but risk tolerance and their perceptions about risk. I know
only 1.5% is being utilized...reason being that all the I’m sounding like I’m a mix of Donald Trump and J.
incentives were put into facilitating erection of turbines Krishnamurti, but you know, I read Krishnamurti’s
but not for their on-going operation. That’s where PGI compendium ‘On Fear’ probably ten times
focuses. Building relationships, alliances and using its through my life and you find that it applies so
lobby arm to balance the benefits. We’re very holistic easily to business that I credit much of PGI’s
in our project approach and it pays dividends for our meteoric success to his vision.
clients and the industry as a whole.
My personal value-added to consulting venture start-
ups is that I’ve represented 1000’s of businesses as
a lawyer and you end up ‘living’ their successes as
well as learning what mistakes they’ve made. I have
immense first-hand knowledge regarding suitable
strategies and where the snares may lie.
So to those business owners I say that these are
exciting times we are living. Never in the history of
Man have the stakes been so high, and never has
mankind had to change its habits and infra-structure
more dramatically. If you’re not willing to be part of
it, you’re in trouble, because the ‘risk analysis’ of
not being part of it is fatal. Literally. I think I have a
right to comment because I’m an American who loves
What do you see as the industry’s; your living in American and I decided that I could make
company’s greatest challenge? the difference I want by being maverick and having
my boots-on-the-ground here in India. And I love the
I think we’re facing the same challenge as the rest of experience of consulting here. I’m pleased to say that
the industry....how to distribute the concept of using I’ve had more than a few hesitant clients –in India and
eco-sustainable alternatives in sectors accustom US- who I’ve helped ‘see the light’ and exercise their
to conventional ways and means... sectors that are spirit of entrepreneurialism effectively, and now they
often addicted to non-renewables, fossil-fuel and grid enjoy life at the helm of healthy companies or tied in
dependency. It disturbs me to see these massive fruitful US-India relationships.
1000+ unit development plans for North Chennai Let me finish this interview by thanking Inspired to be
with no CSR plan in mind. We have to enlighten Green for this opportunity and it providing the industry
that sector that incorporating LEED principles at the with such a quality and timely periodical. It’s a great
planning stage is vital to the region’s survival...literally. source of information, insight and a terrific forum.
They should put as much analysis in sustainable
building factors as they do determining whether the Mr.Frank Costanzo
building foundation is on solid footing.
What advice would you give to green business
owners and start-ups?
Those starting ventures or growing existing ventures
need to have a solid business-plan but when the
calculations lead to questions of risk, the unavoidable
fact is that is the cost of being a pioneer... of being
entrepreneurial. I gave a lecture at Kodai International PEERLESS GREEN INITIATIVES
School and I used the example of Henry Ford (who by
the way planned his model T to run on corn alcohol) www.peerlessgreen.net
who failed three times before starting his successful frank@peerlessgreen.net
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have following features:
Applications of Shading Structures Unlike other materials these fabric have high strength to
• Cafeterias & Food Courts weight ratio that allows lighter construction.
• Exhibition & Convention Centers • Out standing dimensional stability
• Roof Top Structures • High Tensile Strength
• Canopies • Very Durable
• Swimming pools Covers • UV Resistant
• Vehicle Parking • Flame Retardant
• Resorts • Less Maintenance
Space Frames Applications of Tensile Member Structures
• Canopies
“Robust Versatile Aesthetic”
• Rooftop Structures
Aesthetically designed Space Frames cover large spans.
• Walkway Covering
The Space Frames can be cladded with polycarbonate
sheets or colour coated metal sheets to provide shelter. • Vehicle Parking Covering
Accentuates the entry points and adds prominance to the • Swimming Pool Covering
spaces.
• Bus Shelters
Chiet Advantages of Space Frames
• Minimum Structure Weight • Supports irregular supports
• Long clear spans & Cantilivers • Preengineered and prefabricated to avoid site work
• Accomodates concentrated loads • Reusable with simple dis-assembly
Growth is necessary for development of
GREEN individual and nation as a whole. India’s growth rate
is pegged at modest 8% . Construction Industry has
BUILDING
significant contribution in India’s GDP.
There are modern day evils associated with
CONSULTANCY
developmental measures adapted today.
Development should adapt sustainable measures
and Focus on Environmental benign impacts.
Hence whenever one thinks of constructing/
by renovating a building… Think green.
Why Green ….
Mr.Rumi Engineer,
Green is an iconic word for sustainability.
DGM, Godrej & Boyce. sustainability encompasses features like site , water,
energy, materials and indoor environmental quality
IGBC has been spearheading the movement since
past couple of years.
Myth #1 : Green Buildings are costly..?
Incremental cost solely depends on project’s baseline
cost. Now a days in competitive environment the
baseline has improved considerably with respect to the
past hence incremental cost is marginal.
Green building is not a Cost but an Investment which
pays back in form of rich dividends to all the stake
holders year on year.
Myth #2 : Green Buildings result in time
overruns..?
Normally a construction project of 10 Lac sq.ft built up
area, takes 2 years minimum or more to complete.
There is no activity in the green building certification
which will span more than the project completion Benefits of going in for a Green Building
time lines. All the activity runs parallel to the project
• Win-Win situation for all the stake holders.
activities. There is absolutely no chance of project time
lines getting impacted. • Energy & water savings features considered and
built in right from the design.
• Measurement and verification of the energy & water
Myth #3 : Green Buildings … lots of consumption in the building.
documentation..? • Measurement & verification will bring in the
Documentation by way of drawings, calculations and accountability and help in optimization of resource
technical submittals is anyway done for all the projects. use and result in cost control.
Same documentation is compiled and collated in a • Good ambience (internal & external) for the occupier.
structured manner which benefits the project’s design • Waste management & recycling of materials helps
team and facility staff who operates the building. reduction in pollution and burden on landfill.
Godrej Green Building Consultancy
renders services in three different areas.
1. Facilitation.
2. Energy & Lighting simulation.
3. Fundamental and enhanced commissioning.
Facilitation :
Facilitator is an anchor to the project team guiding them
through entire journey of certification process.
• Conduct training for the team members to
understand the gamut of documentation.
• Review the status of documentation.
• Sharing wealth of information for sourcing of
vendors, materials.
• Evaluation & promotion of new technologies.
• Review the documentation prior to submission.
• Interpret the review by the assessor and explain to Energy & Lighting Simulation :
project team. Prior to freezing up of designs, materials and equipment
specs, simulating the building design on the software
goes a long way in helping the designer to make
judicious decision.
Similar exercise can be taken up for lighting design. Day
light consideration with glare control is very important
aspect in the lighting design. Simulation facilitates the
designers by displaying virtual images of the interiors
to gauge the situation which will be prevalent after
construction.
For commercial green buildings it is mandatory to meet
the ASHRAE 90.1.2007. In Cores & Shell project it is
mandatory to demonstrate 14% saving over and above
the ASHRAE 90.1.2007 benchmark.
Chunk of Investment in a building is
attributed to
1. Glazing : High performance double glazed
unit assembly
2. Roof Insulation : Overdeck roof insulation
3. HVAC : High efficiency chillers, pumps, motors,
drives, heat recovery wheels
4. Indoor air quality : CO2 Sensors, demand control
ventilation
To optimize on the CAPEX one needs to have best mix &
match of the above measures mentioned above.
In absence of energy & lighting simulation exercise, it is
virtually not possible to arrive at best efficiency measure
suitable for the project.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 33
Fundamental & Enhanced
Commissioning
Building design has world class architectural features,
robust and versatile HVAC design, selection of Hi-Eff.
equipments etc. Will the building systems operate as
intended and results in the savings..?
The answer is emphatic NO !
In any building be it green or non-green the systems
in the building have sub-systems which are interactive
with each other. This complicates the matter hence one
requires to test and integrate the systems.
Fundamental commissioning commences right from the
design stage, continues through the construction stage
and ends with the project completion.
Design stage is very critical to understand the projects
requirement and also work jointly with the MEP
consultants to optimize the Capex. Even operation and
maintenance cost has to be given due consideration
during design stage itself.
Verifying of system performance at site and co-relating
with the design is known as Testing and Commissioning
(T & C) of systems. Measurement & Verification
There are different type of T & C performed, some may Proof of the pudding is in eating! One cannot improve
be sampling and other could be 100% comprehensive. till one measures one’s performance, keeping in mind
Preparation of system manual and training to this adage, measurement and verification is like having
facility staff is one of the important feature of display panel in the car.
fundamental commissioning. Imagine driving a car without the display panel. No
indication of how much fuel is left, what is the oil level,
Enhanced Commissioning : After completion of project, engine temperature and what speed are we driving etc.
post occupancy this period is very critical in any project. The
project team hands over the systems to facility staff, smooth With all the herculean efforts put in through out the
transition is what one looks for. journey at end if one does not have robust monitoring
system in place how can one gauge the benefit
Commissioning agent facilitates the process and carries on derived from all the initiatives taken up for energy and
with the review of the operations of the system and also help water optimization.
resolve the pending issues in the project.
Commissioning, measurement & verification is very
critical to all the building be it green or conventional.
Energy simulation, commissioning, measurement &
verification are a must for all the buildings to realize
the potential of energy and water saving.
In a building Operational and Maintenance (O & M)
cost outweigh the capital investment. The analogy
is of iceberg.
Cap (30%) of iceberg is the CAPEX and the base, which
one cannot fathom underneath (70%) is the operations
and maintenance cost.
A modest Target of 10% Saving in Operation
& Maintenance Costs will outweigh the 20%
saving in the Capex.
gr
een
While so many people talk about green – and so many others
doubt that all green technologies/materials can be applied,
mo
ho d
the Constro in Pune organized by Pune Construction
me el
Visit at the Constro 2009
Engineering Research Foundation (PCERF) Shows:
A really green home at the showground
All visitors could see how simple green principles are implemented. Compressed paper boards
were used for the ceiling, Bamboo was prominently used as furniture and green walls formed an
attractive indoor space. The exhibitors showcased their products and could feature their systems
better than at a “conventional” exhibition.
The ‘Eco-Friendly Model Home’ is a compilation and educate the common man, the client, the customer,
assembly of various ‘green materials’ like recycled the buyer and the end-user. Many a times, this role
plywood, energy savings paints, UPVC windows, to of an educator falls upon the designer, the architect
name a few. Around and outside the Model Home, or builder. While the desire to be and design green
there was a display of numerous materials. A film on is present, one is usually unable to translate into
application of eco-friendly materials and methods reality due to incomplete knowledge.
was run at intervals inside the model home.
It was expected that the Eco-friendly Model Home
Usually professionals are aware of the need to use present in Constro along with the stalls for the
green; however, the actual system of using it, right materials and technology providers was covering
from identification and sourcing the material to the required aspects completely. While the actual
execution and inter-linkage of the technologies is house demonstrated the usage, the looks, the
a matter of detailing which is non –standard. This inter-linkage etc, the details as regards pricing,
essentially means that there is a gap between the availability and other administrative aspects
awareness of the principles and the need, to the were available in the stalls. One could obtain
actual usage of the materials and technology at end-to-end information for actual design and
professional level. In addition, there is a need to execution of the ‘Eco-friendly Model Home’.
Energy-efficient lighting & ceiling construction with Mr. R .B Chaphalkar explaining the eco-friendly concept in
compresses paper boards. the Green model home.
Green Model Home with slide show of green technologies Chairman of Constro 2009, Mr J.P Shroff,
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 35
As bamboo is a very “green”, rapidly renewable
Bamboo house model at exhibition
and versatile building material – the Contro in
Pune showcased also a “Bamboo-House”. ba
mb
The Bamboo house was clearing any misconceptions ho oo
about bamboo and perceived limited usages! In us
fact, it should inspire many a visitor to actually use e
bamboo in their projects. Since ‘seeing is believing’,
this attempt to create a structure in bamboo got
sceptics to rethink! Additional information and
guidance about bamboo was available from the
personnel at the stall for ‘National Bamboo Mission’
thus, one obtained end-to-end information for
actual execution of bamboo usage.
How Green is Bamboo? • Bamboo is a critical element in the balance of oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
• Bamboo is not a tree – it’s a grass, and it grows like
• It helps reduce the carbon dioxide gases blamed for
one, many species of bamboo can grow two feet or
global warming.
more a day.
• Some bamboo even sequesters up to 12 tons of carbon
• When it’s harvested, it need not be replanted,
dioxide from the air per hectare, which makes it an
because it will grow a new shoot from its extensive
extremely efficient replenisher of fresh air.
roots system.
• Bamboo plays an important role in construction
• Bamboo renews itself readily, unlike hardwood
industry because of its versatility and appropriateness
trees, which once cut, are gone forever.
for affordable housing in India.
• Bamboo is an endlessly renewable resource.
• Potential of Bamboo as construction material
• Bamboo is a viable replacement for wood. It is one of has been already explored, experimented and
the strongest building materials, with a tensile that implemented by designers, engineers, and
rivals steel and weight-to-strength ratio surpassing institutions like KONBAC, National Bamboo Mission
that of graphite. and INBAR to name a few.
Bamboo Cot Bamboo stool
inn gree
ov n
at
ion
s
Small wind turbine, solar streetlight, roof garden Reuse of glass bottles for lighting
& vertical garden
A new way to build GREEN an Innovation seen at CONSTRO
With COFFOR stay-in-place formwork technology, eco- make them. The use of oils to clean metal sheeting is
friendly construction is possible without compromising eliminated.
on TIME, QUALITY and COST of construction. Its an
Transportation is reduced (saving Gasoline) as COFFOR
eco-friendly company, making "green" products.
panel can be folded flat for shipment. This uses far less
Their product is "eco-friendly" because it allows the use space than brick trucks. For example, 1 house can be
of various "green" filler materials, i.e. laterite, clay, ash, constructed in 1 container of COFFOR panel, as opposed
which reduces the use of concrete for GF and GF +1 to almost 5 trucks of brick. The company manufactures
structure. Depletion of natural resources is reduced, as locally, eliminating need for international shipments.
less wood is used compared to conventional structures Coffor's operating practices are also eco-friendly, for
and also much less water compared to brick masonry. example, 1 tree was planted for every 1000sq.ft. of
Use of brick is decreased/eliminated, reducing the developed landscape area for their latest project.
amount of natural resources and energy used to
Constro 2009 in Pune Pune organized by Pune
Isabelle, from
Construction Engineering Research Foundation (PCERF).
Inspired to be
inspired more people in the construction community to
GREEN was
go green and we are excited to see also more exhibitions
present there to
turning towards green. Thanks to Mr.K.P.Baney
witness the events
(President - Constro 2009), Mr.J.P.Shroff (Chairman of
happening at the
Constro 2009), Mr.S.S.Nivasarkar, Chairman of Bamboo
exhibition. Which
House Committee, Mr.K.B.Chaphalkar (President of
enabled her to pen
Association of Civil Engineers India) and the whole
down this article.
committee for this lovely exhibition and the information.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 37
THE Confoss GROUP
CONFOSS Constructions is an Indian group of associated companies engaged in construction & real
estate development businesses spread over various fields of construction industry. It is also one of
the very few companies that has environment friendly operations.
Green Buildings
Housing
Housing Project at Gurgoan
Industrial
Institutional
Infrastructure
TERI University Indian Oil Building, Gurgoan
Metro Station TERI Retreat
Solutions Offered Contact Information
• Civil Construction
CONFOSS Group
• Interiors Delhi Office:
• Sanitary E-108,
• Landscaping Lower Ground Floor,
• Roads Greater Kailash Enclave - I
• Industrial Building New Delhi 110048
• Residential Building Tel: +91-11-26242723
• Electrical - H.T & L.T Fax: +91-11-26241823
• Air Conditioning Works Cell: +91-9310270358, +91-9810652482
• Lan & Security Systems Website: www.confoss.com
• Fire Fighting & Fire Alarm Systems Email: ts@confoss.com, gurvinder@confoss.com
About Confoss
Confoss Constructions is an ISO 9001:2000 certified Indian group of associated
companies engaged in construction & real estate development businesses
spread over various fields of construction industry. Civil construction of all types
such as Green buildings, Multistory Housing, Industrial, Institution and other
infrastructure projects are done by the company. Confoss undertakes all type
of disciplines involved in the constructions such as Interiors, Plumbing , Water
Supply, Air Conditioning and more. It is one of the very few companies that offers
Mr. Tirlochan Singh,
environment friendly operations. In times of global warming and a foreseeable
Managing Director and
energy crisis Confoss strives for using renewable sources of energy. Founder of Confoss
Tirlochan Singh, Managing Director and founder of Confoss, has applied his management and engineering skills into
maturing this company. A man of strong ideas and values, Mr. Singh dedicated more than 2 decades into building a
company of high status and market repute. Mr. Gurvinder Singh engineer by profession and director of the company is
main force behind the company undertaking the technical and site execution or the major project. The company has
completed a number of projects in India, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Yamen, Nepal and Russia.
Other project of Confoss include Underground Metro Station, Indian Oil Building at Gurgaon and TERI Retreat Resort
at Gurgaon. The company offers professional services with state-of-art technology to match international standards,
meeting deadlines and satisfying clients beyond expectations. That is the reason behind the healthy market reputation
and a positive word of mouth from satisfied clients who contributed vastly to the growth of the company. With a strong
support system, dedicated personnel and keep eye on the goal, only sky is the limit for Confoss...
For more information on the projects and Confoss, please visit the website www.confoss.com or write to ts@confoss.com
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 39
Welcome to...
LITTER FREE
AUROVILLE
Collective Waste Management
The Litter Free Auroville Concept
The LFA campaign is an initiative of Soma Waste Management,
Auroville, in collaboration with Eco Service and many volunteers
from Auroville - to be more precise: over 1800 people
participated in the days activities, significantly higher than the
organizer expected! LFA wants to make all of us aware of our
waste-generating behaviour and of the need to upscale waste
management in Auroville.
Its an extraordinary event which took place in Auroville, the town
project aiming at human unity as envisioned by Sri Aurobindo
and The Mother. 25 teams of children from twelve schools, of
employers and employees, and of residents and guests were
single-mindedly involved in a sweeping clean-up action, clearing
roads and roadsides of carelessly discarded litter throughout the
city and its immediate environment.
“That’s not all”, says Ribhu, one of the young coordinators
of LFA, the “Litter-free Auroville” campaign. “We heaped up
the collected garbage and demonstrate its segregation and
sorting, to ensure that most of it can later be recycled. We had
an interactive exhibition with games, puppet shows, quizzes,
pledges, and lots of information on global and local pollution and
on composting and recycling.”
The Strategy behind Litter Free Auroville:
Goals
1. Waste avoidance and reduction.
2. Pollution free environment.
These are high aspirations and long term goals, but we felt that all
initiatives should be steps forward towards achieving these goals.
Objectives
• Awareness: To promote and create awareness on positive
waste disposal practices and the impacts of waste on the
environment (air, water, soil).
• Actual waste clean-up: To have the highest community
participation in AV to date in collecting litter in half a day in AV.
Create a platform for change: To create an interactive platform
LITTER FREE for the exchange and dissemination of ideas and advocacy of best
practices. Develop ideas and translate them into action which
AUROVILLE would be a step towards reaching our goals.
• It is very much an objective of this campaign so I strongly felt it
should be included with the other two.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 41
India’s waste generation
The first step in all waste management is the separation
Official estimates of waste generation in Indian cities of different types of waste at the source, to be followed,
range from 180 to 800 gm per capita per day. The waste after collection, by some more refined separation and
generation in India amounts to about 1 lakh tons a day, sorting, to keep the resource value of the material as
i.e. 365 lakh tons a year – which is probably an estimate high as possible i.e. to keep the materials recyclable.
on the lower side. Yet, in sheer volume it is enough waste
to build a complete Chinese Wall every few years.
Urban local bodies spent between Rs. 500 and 1,500 per
Official comments
ton, 70% on collection, 30% on transport, and hardly On Nov. 20, 2009, Mr. Jairam Ramesh, Minister of
anything on treatment and disposal. Out of all waste Environment and Forest, GoI, said:
collected, about 94% is dumped, 5% is composted, and “I think that our cities have the dubious distinction of
very little is recycled. being the dirtiest cities in the world. There is no doubt
about it. But if there is a Nobel Prize for dirt and filth,
Need for solid waste management India will win it hands down. There is no competition for
Where not discarded properly, litter blocks drains that, and we have to do something dramatic on municipal
which leads to fly and mosquito breeding and thus solid waste.”
to the spread of diseases. On the same occasion, Mr. R. K. Pachauri, head of Nobel
Where not disposed of adequately, trash and litter is Prize winner Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate
ingested by animals on land and in the oceans causing their Change (IPCC), said:
poisoning and death. This has far-reaching consequences “It is important for every sector and every section of the
on the food chain and the biosphere in general. society to understand that protecting the environment
Leachate from dumpsites pollutes soil and groundwater is not a luxury. It’s an intimate part of promoting the
and releases substances toxic to man and all economic welfare of people.”
living organisms.
Solid waste figures of Auroville &
the LFA employs about 5,000 people, hosts a large number of
Auroville produces everyday roughly 70kg of residual non- guests throughout the year, and receives thousands of
recyclable waste that needs to be buried in a dumpsite. visitors every weekend.
About 70% of Auroville households separate their waste
appropriately i.e. into four or five waste categories. Inspired to be Green is
Composting is being practiced in many communities, but excited to see similar actions
not always efficiently. all over India to bring more
awareness about waste.
The Auroville Eco Service separates the collected waste Collective waste is one of
into more than 20 different waste streams and forwards the ideas into action but the
them to recycling industries. team who worked on this
A small dumpsite was created in consideration of low project is Chandrah, Meera
groundwater levels, far distance from residents, and and Ribhu of the team of
protection against stray cattle. Litter Free Auroville.
Please visit
Yet Auroville’s generation of residual waste fills up
www.collectivewaste.org
the landfill too fast and is regarded as too high for a
to find out more…
community that wants to excel in sustainability.
We have difficulty in assessing Auroville’s per-capita
waste generation as our population of 2,100 people
Trashion Show !
Origami-folded magazine-page
dress, with woven tetrapak
boots and skirt with apple-
packing foam leaves as hair
decoration; designed by
Jyotis Feraud.
“Trashion” Show
In the evening a “trashion” show, accompanied
by live music, demonstrated the creative use
of discarded materials. 27 designers displayed
clothes and accessories made only from
waste materials in a "Trashion" Fashion Show,
the grand finale of the Litter-Free Auroville
campaign to encourage recycling and waste
reduction.
The designers, who came from Auroville
and all around India, transformed a wide
range of recycled materials including vinyl
records, casette tapes, tetrapak juice boxes,
bubblewrap, rice sacks and plastic shopping
bags, into stunning catwalk-ready creations.
- Victorian-era-inspired woven packing plastic see-through hoop
Materials for the clothes and accessories
skirt and bodice; created and modeled by French designer Arlet.
came primarily from Auroville's Eco-Service,
factory waste and household trash.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 43
-Milind Mate & Rahul Aeron
ABSTRACT
The concept of free cooling in HVAC has been age old and due to increasing energy
prices and the green building movement this topic is more popular than ever
before. There is no single definition of free cooling and therefore it is perceived
and applied differently. To many it is the natural cooling energy available.
The main sources of natural cooling are:
1. Deep seawater.
2. High altitude coldness.
3. Nighttime coldness.
4. Subterranean geothermal energy.
DEFINING FREE COOLING WITH AN HVAC PERSPECTIVE
Free cooling takes place when the external ambient air enthalpy is less than the indoor air enthalpy and the cool external air
is transferred to the building envelope. Free cooling is used in conjunction with air systems. Air conditioning systems either
provide supply air using:
• A mixture of outside air and re-circulated air or • In the case of cool outside air the quantity of outside
air is increased and the quantity of recirculated air is
• 100% outside air system or in other terms dedicated
reduced to provide the required supply air temperature.
outdoor air system.
In this way cooling by means of refrigeration equipment
• DOAS (Dedicated Outdoor Air System) is an independent is avoided all together at certain times of year
unit for bringing in all the fresh air directly to each occupied and often at night.
space. In addition special DOAS units also condition the
• Free cooling may be used with mixed outside air and re-
fresh air to a dew point where it is lower then the room
circulation systems by the use of modulating dampers.
design dew point, enabling the dehumidified fresh air to
Dampers are provided on the outside air intake duct
also take care of internal latent load.
UNDERSTANDING APPLIED FREE COOLING CONCEPT
As per figure 1, the Chart simplifies the concept of free cooling and how it is applied:
Figure 1
• The room air & return air are maintained
at 75°F / 50%RH.
• Red line depicts RA enthalpy line.
• The triangle shown in blue depicts free
cooling on account of enthalpy which can be
calculated using the enthalpy difference of
Outside Air & Return Air.
• The area with supply air temperature less
than the room return air temperature will give
sensible free cooling calculated by difference
in DBT between outside air & return air.
• The area when the air condition is less than
the dew point temperature of room is an area
with free latent load. This area has constant
load not based on enthalpy difference.
There is no free sensible cooling in this area.
FREE COOLING AND ITS IMPLICATION IN A
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
DOAS DESIGN APPLIED ON GLOBAL WEATHER
R. Mark Nunnely & several other authors have
in various papers PROFILE
explained the advantages of
the “Divide & Conquer (DAQ)” approach which
To
apply the free cooling concept for the most energy efficient
separate the fresh air unit from the parallel terminal
DOAS
design (enthalpy wheel, cooling coil & passive desiccant
unit. To
approach
the dehumidification
explain further in a DAQ
wheel). The idea is to get holistic picture with a
fresh air
unit takes care of the global
entire fresh air load
prospect. To further demonstrate the
importance of hourly
and deliver the ventilation /supply air at design
data the study is further categorized into a
24 x 7 scenario and a
temperature neutral with a dew point sufficiently
normal working hours 9am to 5pm scenario.
lower than the design dew point to take care of
As it
is evident from the above data (Table3) the free cooling hours
the Internal latent load. Thus the parallel unit, be
basis
from one city to another, the DOAS (Dedicated Outdoor Air
it FCU/Chilled Beams / AHUs has to only cater for
System) should be intelligently designed to decide its control logic
the building envelop & internal sensible loadas
on the basis of free cooling available. This can be done by controlling
both can be handled and managed independently.
various parameters like supply air fan
speed and bypass, different
This design provides a very simple and economical
component speed and cooling coil temperature.
An intelligent
approach to the
building air conditioning design.
DOAS will offer a logical solution to ably utilize advantage of free
cooling.
OUTDOOR AIR SYS-
DEDICATED
Free
from
cooling an HVAC perspective and is inclined to find that
TEM (DOAS) APPROACH the
is the
most important
criteria that governs free cooling ambient
above, in the DAQ approach air
The
As explained the condition. HVAC equipment system design will govern the
shifts
andtype
way free
importance to configuration of cooling is applied in the most effective manner.
fresh air unit,often referred to as Dedicated
Outdoor Air System (DOAS). Depending on
different geographical reasons & several
other considerations various DOAS have been
configured, designed & developed. The authors
have been continuously studding & developing
for
a DOAS one
different configurations by using
or more
of the
following:
wheel
• Enthalpy
• Cooling Coil
• Active dehumidification wheel
•
Passive dehumidification wheel
Figure 3
•
Sensible Wheel
• Evaporative Cooling Pads
An intelligent combination of a total enthalpy wheel,
cooling coil & passive desiccantdehumidification
wheel (refer figure 3) offers the best solution in
terms
of substantial
energy saving,
offsetting
internal latent load and “effective RH (relative
humidity) management” by supplying air at a
lower than
of
dew point room design to take care
internal
latent load
in addition to
removing fresh
air latent & fresh air sensible load.
GLOBAL WEATHER PROFILE
Geographical weather profiling is an understanding
and study of various measurable parameters
which govern the natural climatic conditioning of
region.
major
the various geographical Profiling plays a
concepts
role in assisting & applying HVAC
Theweather
& designs with a weather profile backdrop.
profile of any city is the key driving
Mumbai
climate offers to any
parameter in assessing free cooling value, the
HVAC design.
45
Inspired to be GREEN
I January - February 2010 I
Water &
Energy
Efficiency with
Economic
Impact
T o install an efficient working HVAC System in a Analyzing important chemical properties can help to
building will help to save energy but the maintenance draw a conclusion about the water quality and take
of those systems is equally important. As energy actions to clean the water before it is used in the
requirement for air conditioning takes up a huge system:
percentage of the buildings total energy consumption
it is worth to have a closer look and understand -Conductivity is proportional to the amount of
the efficiency of air conditioning systems over dissolved solids in the water (calcium, magnesium,
their lifecycle. alkalinity, silica, sodium). Water with high
conductivity leads to corrosion and has a great
The energy usage in HVAC systems is split up
scale potential.
between chillers, AHU and cooling tower. Depending
on the climate conditions the energy consumption
for cooling towers is responsible for a big share of -Hardness is the amount of present calcium and
the total HVAC-energy-consumption. Water is used magnesium. Increased hardness causes forming of
in the HVAC cycle as transport medium of energy, it hard deposits in heat exchangers and reduces the
is pumped through heat exchangers, cooling towers heat transfer.
and many other pipes. Using high quality water in the
sense of purity will enhance the systems lifetime and -Alkalinity describes the amount of carbonate,
an efficient working cooling cycle. bicarbonate and hydroxide ions. These ions react
with hardness of the water and form scale (calcium
A bad water quality will impact the HVAC System
negatively and can even destroy pipes what will result carbonate).
in downtime of the whole system. Other impacts are:
-pH value gives information if the water will
contribute to corrosion (low pH) or scale (high pH).
- Lost of production
- Low efficiency cooling
- Cleaning
- Re-tubing
- Poor system hygiene
- Cooling Towers
Water issues lead to major operation cost impact.
Fouling the accumulation Pipe with accumulation
of solid material of calcium carbonate
MINERAL SCALE CORROSION
The concentration of minerals along with other Corrosion is caused like mineral scale from bad
parameters will affect scale formation: water quality. Depending on pH, temperature,
dissolved solids, system deposits, water velocity
-Water temperature and microbiological growth corrosion takes place on
metal pipes.
-Water pH
-Suspended solids
-Water flow velocity
-Surface roughness
FOULING
Fouling is the accumulation of solid material, other
than scale, in a way that hampers the operation
of equipment or contributes to its deterioration. MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH
Materials causing fouling could be silt, sand, mud, Three kinds of microorganisms are troublesome in
iron, dirt, dust and process contaminants like oils and HVAC systems, they are:
microbiological-growth.
-Bacteria
Mineral scale or foulant in a system (eg heat -Algae
exchanger) has several negative impacts. It reduces -Fungi
the diameter of pipes what increases the pumping
energy and reduces the heat transfer from one The bacteria form a sticky mass that causes fouling
medium to the other. A heat-exchanger contaminated and reduces heat transfer. They also produce acidic
with foulant will have a drastically reduced efficiency. waste which lowers pH and leads to corrosion. Iron
The insulating effect of foulant deposited on a clean deposits formed by the bacteria are enhancing the
heat transfer surface can be seen below: fouling. Bio-films are a 3 times better insulator
than calcium carbonate scale.
Seeing the total cost of running a cooling tower:
Fouling Factor Film Thickness on Tubes Increase in Energy
0.0005 0.006 in 5.3% Energy of running a cooling tower is the main cost
0.001 0.012 in 10.8 %
0.002 0.024 in 21.5 % parameter which increases further as the water quality
0.003 0.036 in 32.2 %
goes down. On the other hand cost of chemistry for
purification is very little what which makes clear why
water purification for cooling towers will payback
within a few month.
An example of a 1000 TR Plant with 24/7 h operation
shows the great impact of fouling on the energy
consumption:
Fouling Film Thickness Increase in
Factor on Tubes Energy
CONCLUSION
0.0005 0.006 in 5.3%
Proper water management helps to
0.001 0.012 in 10.8 %
+enhance life of equipments in systems
0.002 0.024 in 21.5 % +saves energy
0.003 0.036 in 32.2 % +reduces water consumption by increasing the
recirculation rate
+eliminates down time of the equipment
Thanks to Mr Milind Pawar Sr. Service Manager & Strategy Manager – Water Solutions, Building Efficiency,
Johnson Controls India, for providing us this valuable information on energy savings with clean water.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 47
Sharmila Oswal,
President GEF
“The ultimate test of man's conscience may be his willingness to sacrifice something today for
future generations whose words of thanks will not be heard.”
- Gaylord Nelson
Let every individual and institution now think and act as a responsible citizen of Mother Earth,
seeking choices in ecology and ethics that will provide a sustainable future, eliminate pollution
and poverty, awaken the wonder of life and foster peaceful progress in all living creatures.
Sustainability has to be a lifestyle. The way we live, GEF identifies passionate environmentalists and
work and enjoy should all have Mother Earth and mould them to become Green-Leaders and role
her wellbeing at its core as priority. Such an attitude models to the upcoming generation. GEF develops
among the entire human race alone can give the reports on sustainability projects implement them
planet a longer lease of life and make it liveable either on their own or through other associate
for our children and grandchildren. It is here that organizations, corporate or government institutions.
Green Energy Foundation intends to intervene.
GEF is determined to work towards chanalising the
Green Energy Foundation endeavours to bring Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives of
about a total shift in the lifestyle of our people. corporates across the country. Further to enhance
Green Energy Foundation is an NGO based in INDIA these corporate social responsibility initiatives,
with a view to spread the culture of sustainable GEF has instituted Green CSR awards for those of
living and disseminate knowledge & information the corporate who make outstanding contribution
to accomplish development with minimal hurt to to the environment and promote sustainable life
Mother Earth while simultaneously endeavouring to styles. The foundation also works closely alongside
reverse at least some of the damages caused by the government & local administration to develop
our generation and those which preceded ours. policies & regulations addressing Sustainable
Development. One of the main objective of the
Green Energy Foundation aims at working with like Green Energy Foundation is to create employment
minded NGOs and self help groups all over the for the under privileged by turning the Sustainable
world and empanelling experts & organizations from Development efforts into viable economic activities.
the domains of environment-protection, nature & GEF trains and empowers local workforce for Green
resources conservation, sustainable development- Jobs. Similar projects have been done in Pune for
planning, green technologies etc. GEF works hand Rag pickers to create a dignity to the profession as
in hand with like minded organisations like Exnora, “Service Providers”.
Snehalaya ( GEF’s initiative), IGBC etc.
www.greenenerygymission.org
To create awareness in the society regarding services whereby the foundation helps with the
sustainable living, the foundation promotes green construction of “highly energy efficient buildings”.
products and an environment friendly way of The organisation works very actively on Eco-
living. Additionally they conduct campaigns housing standards of The Science and Technology
against unconscious hazardous material disposal Park, Pune University, which helps the builders go
which harm the environment and against usage green with an additional bonus of exclusive tax
of non-degradable substances. GEF provides discounts.
guidance on recycling and reuse with intend to
establish collection centres across the country for Green Energy Foundation is well positioned to
recyclables to facilitate economical processing of advice on sewage treatment and industrial effluent
refuse materials for reuse. This is already started in a treatment technologies. Apart from this they are
big way in the city of Pune along with the help of promote the use of water saving devices on taps,
well wishing people from the society. showers, faucets, toilets etc so as to reduce the
unwanted wastage of water.
GEF is bound to bring together Green Entrepreneurs
and Green Investors to work together for the GEF is determined never to be idle. No person will
enrichment of the planet. have occasion to complain of the want of time,
who never loses any. It is wonderful how much may
Green Energy foundation is committed to Mother be done, if we are always doing things. Those who
Earth in promoting sustainable energy sources develop the technologies, who promote them
including all renewable sources, such as biofuels, and stand to profit most from them, are not those
solar power, wind power, etc. Several of their major who suffer their risks. The analysis of technologies is
activities are concentrated towards conservation biased toward their use because the technology
of water and energy. They promote usage of a lot promoters generally lack the expertise and the
of products ranging power savers for lighting loads incentive to analyze the risks of the technologies
to optimisation systems for pumping stations. GEF for human health and the environment. Green
is also involved in advising on chiller optimisation Energy Foundation strives forward in the movement
for HVACs, use of Phase Changing Materials (PCM) to attain global sustainable prosperity involving
for increasing the efficiency of air conditioners etc. energy, environment and people.
GEF has a team of full-fledged energy auditors and
environmental economists who put their best efforts Listen, and understand! That end is out there! It
to improve and save energy and eliminate energy can't be bargained with. It can't be reasoned
over use wherever possible. Alongside this GEF with. The destiny of the future is in our hands!!!!
works with builders to offer them green consultancy
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 49
Post Copenhagen – A Focus on 2010
by Emergent Ventures India
Even the most enthusiastic climate optimist would have been disappointed with the outcome of the recent
climate change conference. To have expected something like a new, detailed legal treaty would have been naïve;
the Conference was always about long term signals and overall market sentiment and not about short term signals
affecting carbon prices. A relatively new and excited media has a lot to do with this, especially in countries such as
ours where (coverage of) climate change seems to only have been discovered in the last six months.
Three steps forward, two steps back
The fact that Heads of State are talking about the climate and markets and offsets would remain post 2012 could have
willing to commit their countries to mitigation is a notable gone a long way to giving investors some assurance of a
step forward. Never before in the history of negotiations has continued market, and stem the unnecessary speculation
this happened. With over 90 heads of state in attendance on going on today. Nevertheless, considering economic, political
18 December, it seemed like the Bella Center had become and commercial arguments for project based offsets, we
the epicenter of the free world. take the view that carbon markets and mechanisms such
as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) will indeed
The second important step is that major emission contributors
remain a significant component means of mitigation in the
are lining up as the key negotiators for the future. This kind of
2012 regime. Whether the CDM will stay as is or morph into
interaction served to mark the beginnings of recognition from
something similar is yet unclear. It is still important to note
both sides, developed and developing countries alike, that
that Copenhagen did not create any imbalance to an already
there is no other way to engage but commit to individually
appropriate mitigation. committed European Union Emissions Trading Scheme,
set to achieve a 20% cut in emissions by 2020.
Third, the United States, having long become a climate
laggard, is beginning to resurface. From a delegation size in
the tens, often booed at meetings, COP 15 drew a team of
close to five hundred.
But the conference back pedaled too. First, the disappearance
from the text, of quantified emission limits is serious. It draws
into question the likelihood of creating aggressive demand
for emission reductions in the future, although studies
suggest that the 2° stabilization ambition it sets for itself
translates to 17Gt reduction in emissions. Now, whether
emission reduction pledges will manage to achieve cuts of
that magnitude is a different matter.
The conference also backtracked into the notion of
national mitigation pledges, which, even with international
monitoring, raises the issue of comparability.
Second, the Accord provides no clarity on the means of
reduction. Even a simple paragraph saying that carbon UN CLIMATE CHANGE CONFERENCE 2009
What the Copenhagen Accord does 2010: Where the real focus should be
and does not do The hard work has only just begun. Copenhagen’s achievements
The Accord calls for long‐term cooperation on climate are not trivial given the complexity of the issue and the differences
change and for the first time, recognizes the need to in opinion between rich and poor countries. In order to deliver
provide help to poor countries for adaptation. It finds on his promises to reduce America’s greenhouse gas emissions
some way to reach agreement on the very sensitive by 17 percent by 2020 and provide a chunk of that $100 billion,
issue of monitoring developing countries’ reductions. For Mr. Obama must persuade the Senate to approve a cap‐and‐
the first time in climate agreements, the text speaks of trade bill. This is no small task, although now that the health
monetary commitments: the Accord promises short‐term bill has been cleared, full attention can be given to the climate
funding of $30 billion for projects in developing countries change bill. Meanwhile, there can be no let up by the world’s
between 2010 and 2012 and aspires to provide $100 B / negotiators, no matter how tired they may be after Copenhagen.
yr form mitigation and adaptation to 2020. Exactly where Countries have agreed to submit their national pledges and
and how this money will flow is yet. mitigation plans by the 30th of January. The Copenhagen Accord
is an “in principle” kind of agreement, leaving open the question:
On the flip side, the Accord requires nothing specifically how much of this can be made operational without detailed
for developing and developed countries, except for what agreements? The UNFCCC together with Mexico’s leadership has
each country has decided to place as their “offer”, giving the difficult task of coordinating the development of this detail,
no certainty or signs of commensurate effort. And finally, and one can only hope that countries stick to their individual
the Accord is not legally binding, leaving open the option promises and cooperate in the establishment of the rules. It is
for countries to renege on commitments in the future, or these rules that will have a significant effect on business – in
worse, opt out. The United States having led the charge, terms of timelines, processes, modalities, and so on.
at least visibly, can only be considered a good sign. But if
firms were expecting to predict price signals from such a As it is, the pledges now on the table, from both rich and poor
process, it would only show them to be inexperienced. countries, are nowhere near enough to keep atmospheric
concentrations of carbon dioxide from rising above dangerous
When the Accord was announced by various heads of levels. All of this will take time. After all, the Kyoto Protocol
states at various press conferences, many believed that it wasn’t born overnight, it took over three years to draft, and its
would be accompanied with a legally binding treaty by the “how to manual”, the Marrakech Accords, took another three
next year. But as the same leaders disappeared thereafter years of concerted effort. And, things were still far from ready
and the paper entered into the negotiating rooms, even after both were ratified and adopted.
opposition from a small group of vehement opponents
led to the weakening of its legal status. Nevertheless, the So, national pledges are the starting point. The rest is the “how
leaders that showed up in Copenhagen seemed to have to legal detail that one can only hope will emerge in the coming
managed to make a difference by navigating their way to months, and with the level of seriousness that is required to
a suboptimal deal rather than no deal at all. limit emissions to rising above dangerous levels. 2010 therefore
remains a crucial year in the international climate process.
About Emergent Ventures
Emergent Ventures is a leading firm in the area of climate
change mitigation & sustainable development. EVI’s core
areas of expertise include Carbon Advisory, Climate Change
& Sustainability Advisory, Carbon Finance and Technology
Solutions. EVI works with corporate, government organizations,
technology players and financial funds to develop and execute
business models that help mitigate climate change and promote
sustainable development. EVI has experience of 250+ client
engagements in over 10 countries and has sourced more than
100 million USD in various vehicles to invest in renewable energy
& clean technology projects. EVI was established in 2004 and
has a team of 100+ professionals working from several locations
across the globe.
About the author - Mahua Acharya
Mahua is the Chief Strategy Officer at Emergent Ventures.
Prior to joining EVI, Mahua established the carbon investment
business for Arcelormittal in London. Mahua has worked in
leading roles at the World Bank, she also led and managed the
development of the GHG Protocol with the World Business
Council for Sustainable Development. Mahua has a Master’s
degree from Yale University.
Inspired to be GREEN I January - February 2010 I 51
Certified
CertifiedGREEN
GREEN
Residential building projects
Certified GREEN
Green Building Services
Residential building projects
Residential building projects GreenBuilding
Green BuildingServices
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9840954818- 600020.
LEED/IGBC documentation certified.green.india@gmail.com
LEED/IGBC documentation certified.green.india@gmail.com
LEED/IGBC documentation certified.green.india@gmail.com
“To build
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is alsothethebestbesteconomical
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cisiondecision
you “To
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wait
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for five
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for and
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wait for five years
and see the success of the Green Building Movement in India, or you take a decision today and be a part of the success.”
uildingBuilding
Movement Movement in India,
in India, or youor take you take a decision
a decision todaytodayandandbebea part a partofofthethesuccess.”
success.”
Energy Savings
Energy Savings upto to
50%50% Increasevalue
value
Energy Savings up toup50% Increase
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Savings to 50%
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Healthier and more comfortable indoor environment
Healthier andand
Healthier moremore Comfortable
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environmentEnvironment
Higher marketability
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consumption Increased property value
consumption Increased Property Value
Certified Green is an innovative company with international experience in sustainable building design and energy-efficiency. The
company supports the project design team in enhancing the energy-efficient design without interfering with the architecture
tified Green is an innovative
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Innovative Products & Ideas High Efficient Insulation
Shipping Containers Reused as Student Homes
Aerogel as high efficient insulation: These blankets (Aspen Aerogel) have two
to four times the insulating value per inch compared to fiberglass or foam. It's
also relatively easy to work with, allows water vapor to pass through, and is
fire resistant--a common demonstration of aerogels is to have a person fire
a Bunsen burner below the aerogel while putting a hand on the top side. For
more information please visit www.aerogel.com
The project was developed for a contest promoted by an administrator of
student assistance in France. The contest challenged architects to explore
creative designs for student housing complexes that utilize shipping
Generate Power from Speed Bump
containers, with the aim of creating the first such structure in the country.
Olggas design comprises 2,900 square meters and would cost around 4.5 KinerBumps are an above-ground product designed to replace existing
million euros. Each container is a room for one student, complete with a speedbumps and for use in areas where traffic normally has to slow down to a
study area, bathroom, and living room. For more amazing shipping container stop, for example at a parking lot ticket gate. KinerBumps harvest the energy
abodes, check out Flavorwire’s assortment at www.flavorwire.com from existing traffic so that it can be used to run, among other things, nearby
electrical signage or street lights.
Wind-Powered Light A KinerBump with a height of 3.5 inches or and a travel length of 13 feet the
bump produces 77 kWh of electricity per day when 10,000 cars go over it (ca.
1500kg), what is enough to light 300 CFL lights for 24 hours or power 5-10
households for one day. For information: www.kinergypower.com
We are happy to receive your queries,
comments and contribution
Inspired.to.be.green@gmail.com
Ph : +91 98432 68083
Owner and Editor:
TAK’s wind-powered light uses the moving air from cars zipping by on the Kishore Kumar
highway to generate energy that can be used to power roadside lighting.
It’s a controversial idea to use wind from passing cars for providing power 130, Old Mahabalipuram Road,
for street-lights. Shollinganallur, Chennai - 600119.
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