Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NAGA-ED-DER STELAE
OF THE
DOWS DUNHAM
Associate Curator of Egyptian Art
NAGA-ED-DER STELAE
OF THE
PREFACE
PREFACE
parts of his Die agyptischen Personennamen. I am much indebted to the authorities of the Semitic Museum of Harvard University and the Metropolitan Museum
of Art, N ew York, for permission to publish the stones belonging to those
museums, and for the excellent photographs of their stelae which they have provided. The late Professor James H. Breasted, Director of the Oriental Institute
of the University of Chicago, most generously placed at my disposal the nine
stones belonging to that institution published at the end of the series, and I am
greatly in debt to him, and to the members of the Egyptological Staff of the Institute for their collations of the texts on these stelae. I take pleasure also in expressing my thanks to Dr. J acob Hirsch of New Yark for allowing me to examine
photographs of two stones in his collection. Finally to my friend and teacher,
Professor George A. Reisner, I owe not only permission to use this material and
encouragement in the enterprise, but the invaluable advantage of his unsurpassed
knowledge of the funerary practices of the Old Kingdom, which has been a strong
influence in my interpretation of certain formulae.
D.D.
MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS,
BOSTON.
3 1 January 1936.
VI
CONTENTS
I~TRODUCTION
THE STELAE
12
INDEX OF NAMES
10 9
INDEX OF TITLES
1I6
VII
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
SHEIKH FARAG
5106
1:50
FIG. I
-: - : :,:tion of the stela was left. But in a certain number of tombs the stelae were
: .:::-,d in place, and I give here the descriptions of six tombs in order to show their
~:~~5 and the proved positions of the stelae.
3
INTRODUCTION
I. S.F. 5106. Stelae Nos. 63 (,north' stcla, PI. XXI, I) and 14 (,south' stela, PI.
VIII, 2); excavated in 1923; Expedition Photos B 5021, 5022. Found in
place, the 'north' stela resting against the 'east' wall of a rock-cut chamber,
and the 'south' stela set in mud-plaster in a niche at the 'south' end of the
same wall. See Fig. I, plan, and PI. I, 1.
BURIAL PLACE: In the offering room an intrusive wooden coffin lay with its axis
'E-W' along the 'southern' wall of the room, in front of the 'south' stela but
resting on a sloping surface of debris 30-70 cms. above the floor of the
chamber. This coffin contained an intact burial lying extended on its back,
head 'E', heavily swathed in linen wrappings and with a walking stick at its
side [not represented on planJ.
Beneath this intrusive coffin an 'E-W' shaft (with original filling) led to an
'E-W' rock-cut chamber containing a heavily built wooden coffin. No blocking between pit and chamber. Lid of coffin moved a little to one side, but
body intact. On top of lid a pair of \vooden sandals and a bundle of cloth.
Burial extended, well wrapped in linen. The coffin was painted yellow outside and white inside, with the edges on which the lid rested red. Inscribed
on lid, sides, and ends in green (offering formula, titles, and name, the latter
corresponding to that on the stelae but with variations of spelling).
Photographs of intrusive burial, B 5021, 5082, 5083: of owner's burial,
A 3249,3250, B 5081, C lo3II, 10312.
II. S.F. 509. Stela No. 9 (PI. VI, I); excavated in 1923; Expedition Photos
C 10160, 1514. Found in place set with mud-plaster in the 'north' wall of
a rock-cut chamber, near the 'north-west' corner. See Fig. 2, plan. The
room was a roughly cut chamber of rectangular shape, with the doorway in
the 'south' wall blocked with rough limestone fragments. The roof had fallen
in. In front of the stela were placed two jar stands, five vases and a spouted
cup of red ware with red wash (Photo. C 10297). Along the 'east' side of the
room, close to the surface, was found a badly destroyed intrusive grave. This
had been vaulted over with plastered rubble (almost entirely destroyed), and
contained an extended burial in a badly decayed wooden coffin. The body
was wrapped in linen. The coffin was painted yellow outside and retained
traces of an almost obliterated horizontal line of inscription in black along
one side (dj nswt /:ttp Inpw formula, but name of owner not preserved). Under
the coffin lay a copper spear.
BURIAL PLACE: In front of the stela an irregular 'N-S' shaft descended in the
floor of the chamber, opening into a 'N-S' burial chamber roughly cut in the
rock. The doorway was blocked with rubble, mud, and some larger stones, and
4
INTRODUCTION
SHEIKH FARAG
509
17" Wof N
!,
';
,
t
,
,,
,,
,
,
('
1:80
FIG. 2
MES HEIK H
118
-+
o
I: 100
FIG.
700E ofN
INTRODUCTION
Bl-RIAL PLACE:
1\-. S.F. 5005. Stela rotten with salt, illegible and not published here; exca-
OFFERING PLACE:
BCRIAL PLACE:
ma~taba
Bl-RIAL PLACE:
5005
SHEIKH FARAG
,------\,
~~
I ,
I
,~
..
) J
f
~,i}~y
;n
IV
I
I
I
,il
:i-j,~:
:~iY.J
/-'1
'-.'
\
\
---':>1' ..
\
,,'" ----------____ _
,"
~,
'I I '/1
' I
\--~r
I: 50
35 0 Wof N
FIG,4
I...
o
Z
=
0::
l.J.J
Cl,
I.I.J
I
<i
4:
Z
INTRODUCTION
VI. Mes. 102. Stela No. 3 (PI. HI, I); excavated in 1912; Expedition Photos
C 4905-8, 4912. Found in place set in mud-plaster in front of the door
blocking of the burial chamber. See Fig. 6, plan and section. The offering
chamber was cut in a stratum of tuft. The back ('E') wall was preserved only
to a height of about 15 m., and there was no trace of roofing. In the 'east'
wall were two openings to burial chambers: that on the 'north' (chamber A)
had the blocking plastered over with mud in which had been scratched
several unintelligible signs; the mud-plaster behind the stela on the 'south'
(blocking chamber B) had also been scratched with crude markings. In
front of the stela were a number of coarse red ware jars.
There were three burial chambers.
A. Cut in the 'east' wall of the offering room at its 'north' end; a long 'E-W'
chamber containing a wooden coffin, 188 x 43 x 50 cm. (including lid),
painted white, broken. The skeleton was disarranged, head 'east'. Well
preserved wooden headrest and a pottery jar containing reddish-brown
powder. About the rim of the jar were the remains of a linen covering
placed over its mouth and tied with cord.
B. An 'E-W' burial chamber cut in the 'east' wall of the offering room near
its 'south' end. It contained an unpainted wooden coffin, 200 x 43 x 53 cm.
Body wrapped in decayed linen. In the coffin a walking-stick 148 x 3 cm.
C. An 'E-W' shaft cut in the floor of the offering chamber in front of the
stela, with a recess on the' north' which contained a wooden coffin, 199 X 47
X 54 cm., painted yellow. Disarranged skeleton in decayed linen
wrappmgs.
BURIAL PLACES:
Measurements of the stelae are in centimetres and give first the height and
second the width, in both cases maximum measurements.
- 7 indicates direction in which figures face.
For the inscriptions: 4c- indicates
a line reading from right to left; - 7 a line reading from left to right; ~t a column
reading down with signs facing right (reading right to left and down); }-> a column
reading down with signs facing left. (This system of notation is the same as that
used by Gunn in Teti Pyramid Cemeteries, I.)
Colour notations: (w) white, (b) black, (r) red, (y) yellow, (g) green, (bl) blue,
(?) illegible.
In texts, transliterations, and translations: ( ) indicates a word or words which
do not exist in the original, supplied in translation for greater clarity; [ ] indicates
signs or words lost or illegible in the original text, but presumed to have existed;
<) indicates signs or words omitted from the original text; ... indicates lacunae
without suggested restoration.
10
INTRODUCTION
102
MESHEIKH
'<
1111.
,00.
Ill.
,,"'~
0,
,,.\
."'"....~,
,"".If;>..""","",
,~
1\1111
'P.''''
C
''''''
'I?-\'
16 E of N
1
I
~ 1------------ -I
,~
,," ,,;,
"\"'"'\."0/11. ,""
's~
".,.
.A~
..;
~'
'"
'1'
,.
.,,'
...
'';''''''
,-$----------------------
:S
I
IL
________________________ _
7h
I
I
I
I
I
I: 50
I
I
I
'------.- -.--.--
FIG. 6
THE STELAE
1. M.F.A. 12.I475. Mes. Cemetery 100, debris in bend, upper terrace. PI. 11,1
Painted only. 345 X 56.0.
SCENE:
I
In a number of the stelae dealt with in this
study the table with tall reed-like objects upon it is
figured among the offerings. That these objects
are half-loaves of bread and not leaves (reed or
palm) as suggested by Gunn in Teti Pyramid
Cemeteries, I, p. 207, footnote, seems clear if one
looks back to their representation in the Old Kingdom. In the primitive niche-stones dating between
the Second Dynasty and the reign of Cheops, and
in the tablet scenes of the Fourth Dynasty at Giza,
we find the table set with actual loaves of tI-bread
(the lower part representing a bowl with straight
flaring sides, above which the upper part, representing the bread itself, rises in a curving mound)
split in half (Tablet of Wp-m-nfrt, Lutz, op. cit.,
No. I; and compare with the complete tJ-Ioaf
figured beneath the table). In the tablet of the
woman Nfr, also in California (Lutz, No. 2), the
half-loaves have become more elongated and the
two sides are almost parallel, although the loaf
form may still be recognized. Continuing, I quote
from Professor Reisner's statement on the subject
in his forthcoming study of the Giza ma~tabas:
'In the early tablets of Giza the next step in conventionalization appears to have consisted in sim-
12
THE STELAE
facade? of wood and textile hangings, the wood (y) with (r) lines, the textiles
with (b) lines.
BORDER: At both sides only; alternating rectangles of (r) and (y). Dividing lines (r).
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives,! (and) Anubis (2) upon his mountain,
who is in the place of embalming, (3) lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings
of bread and beer for her in (4) her tomb of the cemetery of the western (s)
desert; the Royal Ornament Nfr-bt-nlr.
B. Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, 1ml.
c. His beloved wife Nfr-bt-nlr.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
A
A
A
+;;
r;;.
f. ~
for ~
At end supply ~ now lost.
5. At end read ~, of which the upper part only remains.
Il, 22
er
d), 'Bringing of
cP ~ -z? by the
er
~' (L. D.
Il,
49 a),
THE STELAE
PI. 11, 2.
2. M.F.A. 12.1476 l\1es. 123.
Painted only. 78oxSSS.
The figures and signs are too faded to be entirely legible in the photograph,
and have therefore been outlined in India ink, after having been determined
(in doubtful places) by the aid of ultra-violet light,l
Lower part of stone; standing man, woman, and boy --; attendant at
right *-.
MAN: Full wig with traces of (b), beard (?), pointed kilt (w); holding staff (y)
with curved head and enlarged base in left hand, and wand (y) in right hand.
Flesh (r).
WOMAN: Close-fitting wig or natural hair (b ?), collar (bl), bracelet on right
wrist (?), flesh (y). No indication of clothing. Left hand grasps man's right
wrist, right hand holds boy's left hand.
BOY: Wig undefined (?), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r). Left hand grasped in
woman's right, right arm hanging and holding undefined object (?).
ATTENDANT: Opposite man's left hand; details like boy. Holding an indeterminate object (?) in both hands (censing ?).
OBJECTS: In field, right to left; leg joint (r), flat loaf? tied in centre (y), dead
bird (y), two cylinder jars (y), basket (y) on which stand three pots (r), mirror
(r), basket (y) on which stand three pots (r), two cylinder jars (y).
BORDER: At top, bottom, and both sides (the attendant and part of the staff intercept it on the right); painted rectangles of (r), (y), (?), and (?).
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
(bl).
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, (2)
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the honoured one before the great god, (3) lord of heayen ;
pleasant to his relatives, (4) who gives bread to the hungry man (and) clothing
to the naked man.
B. (1) Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, R~w[y?J.
(2) His beloved wife, Royal Ornament, lbw. (3) Her beloved son (nb-njitj.
I For a description of this work see the writer's
note in Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts (Bos-
ton), XXXI, No. 185, p. 39, illustrated with photographs of Stela No. 5.
14
THE STELAE
COMMENTARY:
A
B
B
3. lbtf: ~ is for = as in Worterbuch, 1,7,8. The sign beneath the man and woman dets.
runs across a flint nodule, but appears to be a headless f.
4. In the last two words of the line E:'l is used instead of I? as a det.
I. The two vertical strokes at the end of the name do not represent U, as there is no trace
of the horizontal in ultra-violet light; more probably they represent ~ ~ .
2. The woman's coffin from this tomb gives her name as ~J}~.
3. The transliteration and sense ofthe name is c1ear-'his father lives for him' (see Ranke,
Persollenllamen, 65; 2 and I I).
Pl.III,l.
Lower part of stone; standing man, woman, and boy -'>-; attendant at upper
right +-.
MAN: Full wig (b), collar (y), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding staff (y) in left
hand, right hand grasps wife's left hand.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet? on chest (b), collar (y), bracelet on right wrist
and two anklets (?), skirt from waist to mid-calves (w), flesh (y); left hand
grasped in man's right, right arm hanging.
BOY: Close wig or natural hair (b), rather long pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); arms
hanging at sides.
ATTENDANT: Pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); presenting cup (r) to man's lips with left
(y): this
hand, holding jar (r) in right hand. Behind him, painted only,
doubtless refers to the contents of the jar. I
OBJECTS: In field, right to left; seven pots (r) with seals (b) on a basket (y), two
jars (y) and (r) with seals (b) on a stand (y), mirror (r).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between incised lines,
divided by double incised lines. Order of colours (r), (y), (b), (?).
SCENE:
*
I
INSCRIPTIONS:
Four lines at top +-, each coloured differently: top to bottom (b), (r), (y), (b).
Name over woman +-, (y).
c. Name over boy +-{, (y).
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
I
TVtb.
II,
THE STELAE
bread and beer for the Sole Companion, in honour before (3) the great god,
lord of heaven, Sd-itj. He says, I am (one) beloved of his father, (4) praised
of his mother, whom his brothers (?) love.
B. lfnt.
c. Sbk-l:ztp.
COMMENTARY:
tpj is reversed.
3. The water-skin is equivalent to Id (Wtb. IV, 560,4). The name, which I do not venture
to translate, occurs in Lange-Schafer, Grab- und Denksteine, 20205.
A 4. One would expect 'brothers and sisters', but the omission of determinatives precludes
certainty.
A I.
A
SCENE:
WOMAN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Three lines at top --c--, colour gone; (b) outline only is traceable.
B. One column at left of figure, barely visible in ultra-violet light, but not
legible.
A.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings
of bread and beer belonging to the Sole Royal Ornament, (3) Prophetess of
Hathor, in honour before the great god, l/ny [Bny?].
COMMENTARY:
Note wide space between Anubis-figure and tpj. The tail of Anubis, no longer visible,
may have projected abnormally to the left.
A I.
16
THE STELAE
A 2.
A
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
C.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives (and) Anubis upon his mountain, (2)
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings
of bread and beer for the Sole Companion (3) WJd-[#j-bh?]. His beloved
wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Mr-irtjjj?
I
For a photograph of a portion of this stone in
ultra-violet light see my article 'Experiments in
Bulletin,
THE STELAE
1n-inbrt.
c.1bw.
B.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
~ (Slj-~b), and I have nothing better to ofi'er. The wife's name I would read with
'"
Gunn
as given above, ~::~; the second eye lacks a pupil, which may have been
added in paint, now faded out.
PI. IV, 2.
Left side of stone; standing man (in relief), boy, and dog (painted only)
--+.
Full wig (b) with incised details, beard (b), collar of three strands (y), (r),
(g and y), pointed kilt (w) with diagonal stripe (y), bracelets (g), flesh (r);
holding staff with knob at top (y) in left hand, and wand (y) passing behind
kilt in right hand.
BOY: Close-fitting wig or natural hair (b), collar (g), kilt (w), one bracelet (g ?),
flesh (r) ; both arms hanging.
DOG: Only in part preserved; Salu~i type? (w) with patches (b).
OBJECTS: In a group to right of figure, framed in (r) border. Tvvo columns:
right side; ribs (r), vegetables?! (r), leg (r) with foot (b), dead bird (y) with
feet and eye (r), calf's head (r, y, b), two gazelle heads (y, b), bird's head (y, r).
Left side; six pots (r) with tops (b) against ground (g) on a basket (1'), joint (r),
five pots on a basket as above, unclear object (r) in part destroyed, leg and
meat (r) against ground (g) on a basket (y). Below; six jars (r) with seals (b)
on a table (y), three jars on individual stands coloured as preceding (painted
only).
BORDER: Painted, with lines in part incised at top and both sides, set in at upper
left corner; coloured rectangles of (b), (y), (r), and (g), edged outside \vith (b)
and inside with (y).
MAN:
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTIONS:
One line at top +-, continued in B; (g) except for the t, p, and support of
Anubis, which are (y).
B. One column at right
; (g) except as follo\vs:
the loaf and det. in pr-brw and the tin wrtj are (y); the jar in pr-brw, the stroke in wrtj,
A.
the b in imJb, and the spot against the first element of the name are (r).
TRANSLATION:
A.
B.
COMMENTARY:
B.
The first element in the name is perhaps the stone-cutter's copy of a sign or group in
hieratic which he did not understand. I have no interpretation to offer.
PI. V, 1.
SCENE:
MAN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A. Six lines at top, continued in B (bl) -(-, except line (1) which is --'.
B. One column in front of man *i-, (bl).
c. One column behind woman ~r' (bl).
19
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
(1) Sed-festival; Year 30 under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower
Egypt, may he live forever, (2) N-mJrt-rr. An offering which the king gives
to Osiris, lord of Busiris, the great god (3) lord of Abydos in all his places,
that he may give (4) invocation-offerings (of) bread and beer, oxen and fowls,
clothing and alabaster?, a thousand of offerings and provisions and all gods'(5) offerings to the kJ of the honoured one before Onuris, Horus the mightyhanded, the great god in the midst of (6) Thinis, thy city god who loves thee,
in honour with the great god,
B. the Fighter Sn1'-rnb, justified, born of Wsr-lztlzr, justified, son of 1k,justified.
c. His dearly beloved wife, the honoured Mistress of the House, 1y, justified,
begotten of Didj-nb, justified.
A.
COMMENTARY:
The phrases 'Sed-festival' and 'may he live forever' are lightly incised and smaller than
the other signs, and have been crowded in to fill the corners, apparently as an afterthought. The group 'Sed-festival' reads +--, and only one throne and canopy is represented instead of the normal two.
A 2. The cartouche preceding the offering formula I take to be the continuation of line (I),
previous to the insertion of 'may he live forever'. The original reading would ha\"e been
'King of Upper and Lower Egypt N-mJrt-rr'. This is a further indication that the groups
filling the spaces at either end of line (I) are later insertions.
In this stela of the Twelfth Dynasty I translate the offering formula in accordance \yith
the form adopted by Dr. Gardiner for the Middle Kingdom. That this form is applicable
seems clear from the group 'that he may give' at the end of line (3).
A 4. The translation 'alabaster' for the group ~ is, I think, generally accepted. In the Old
Kingdom tablet-stones of the Fourth Dynasty it is usually written 0, 0 TI, or ~ If, and
forms part of the summary list under the table of loaves. Dr. Reisner thinks its sense in
this context is more probably 'ointment', i.e. the contents of the alabaster jars, and a
rendering 'alabaster jars of ointment', while cumbersome, would perhaps be nearer to the
true sense. In other words, the comment I would make is that it is the 'ointment' which
is being offered rather than the alabaster jars in which it is contained.
B I. I follow the opinion expressed to me by Professor Ranke that rlptj (r(uzt'tj) is the title
or epithet 'the fighter, soldier', rather than a part of the name. The owner's mother was
Wsr-btbr and his father 1k, as is indicated by the genders of the groups 'justified'.
A I.
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+--,
line (r) in order as read, t (y), dj centre (r) outline (g), Osiris figure (y), dd-sign (r), hand
(r), chick (y) vvith feet (r), bnt-jars (g), (r), and (y) in order, tjw-bird (y) with transverse
band (g), crown of det. (y); line (2), lb (y), b (r), dw (y), chick (y) with feet (r), loaf (y),
fJrw (r), jar (r), det. (y), r (r), r (r), ~ltj (y) with mane (g), r (r), three signs sglWtj-bjtf (y),
chick (y) with feet (r).
B.
rl
(y), pt-sign (y), b (y), first n (y), both reed-leaves (y) with leading edges (g).
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, (2) lord of Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the
Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, in honour
B. before the great god, lord of heaven, Ifnny.
c. A thousand bread, beer, fowls, clothing, (and) everything good.
I See footnote I on p. 12. In this case the old
conventionalized half-loaf has clearly been con-
IS
even
THE STELAE
PI. VI, 1.
9. M.F.A. 25.626. S.F. S09.
Sunk relief, painted. soo X400. (See also Fig. 2 on p. S.)
SCENE: Lower left; standing man and boy ~.
MAN. Full wig (b), beard? (b), collar (g), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding
staff (y) in left hand. Construction lines (b) faintly visible, indicated by
dotted ink lines on the plate.
BOY: Close-fitting wig or hair (b), collar (g), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding
staff (y) in left hand.
OBJECTS: Upper right corner of field, reading down; leg (r) with foot (b),
onions? (g), ribs (r), dressed bird (y).
BORDER: Painted only at top and both sides; coloured rectangles (r), (b), (g), (y),
outer bordering lines (y), inner (r). Lines dividing registers of inscriptions
painted only as follows: below A I and left of B I (y), below A 2 and left of
B 2 (b).
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRA.NSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, \yho
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis in all his beautiful
places; funerary offerings of bread and beer
B. (I) for the Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, 1ll
honour (2) before the great god, lord of heaven, 1mJj [1mj?].
COMMENTARY:
The f is headless.
'--1l instead of gsr; f v-;ith separated head.
I. The t has been omitted from sgJwtj-hjtj.
2. Gardiner comments on the name, 'I should have thought the writing indicates that the
name had become simply lmj'. Gunn does not agree with this, but would read either
lJntj or lmJj. A literal transliteration lmmzj seems to me improbable.
A I.
A 2.
B
B
PI. VI, 2.
Figure in relief, rest sunk; colour faded out except in border. 4 1 . 0 X 47.0.
SCENE: Lower left; seated woman ~.
WOMAN: No colour preserved. Long wig with lappet on chest (partly painted?),
collar, bracelets, anklets, no indications of clothing; left hand holds lotus to
10. M.F.A.25.627. S.F. Debris between 533 and 536.
22
THE STELAE
face, right hand in lap. The chair has a cushion passing over the low back and
lion's feet resting on conical supports.
OBJECTS: Between figure and inscription B; inverted conical object from which
arise four bud-like protuberances, flanked by two ill-defined groups; below
are onions, a leg, and two basins on a table; under the table a ewer and basin,
nested.
BORDER: Painted only, at top, both sides, and perhaps under the figure; coloured
rectangles of which only the (r) is traceable.
INSCRIPTIONS:
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis,
B. (1) in front of the god's booth; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the
Sole Royal Ornament, (2) Prophetess of Hathor, the honoured 1y.
c. (1) A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand everything (2) good for
the Royal Ornament 1y.
A.
COMMENTARY:
A.
Determinative of wt is reversed.
PI. VII, 1.
11. M.F.A.25.628. S.F. 532, debris.
Figure and table in relief, rest sunk. Colour in part preserved. 48.0 X 65.0.
SCENE: At left (full height); standing man --i>.
MAN: Full wig with relief details (b), beard (?), collar (?), bracelets (?), pointed
kilt with diagonal and incised masonry-like markings (w), flesh (r); holding
staff (y) in left hand and wand (y) in right hand.
OBJECTS: At man's feet; table (w) with spots (r) [representing granite?] on which
stand six conventionalized loaves (y) against background (r): at lower right,
beneath inscription C; two long ovals (y), onions (?), leg (r) with foot (w),
two basins (y) against background (r) on a table (?), below which a basin (r),
basket (y) on which stand five tiny pots (r), dead bird (?), and three uncertain
objects (?).
BORDER: Painted only, at top and both sides: coloured rectangles of (r), (b),
(bl?), and (y), mostly faded out. The (b) outlining of framing lines of
inscription are visible at lower left.
23
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
(1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (2) KhentiAmentiu, lord of Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and beer for (3) the
Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Great
Chief of (4) the Thinite Nome, Overseer of Sacred Black Cattle of the bnrw,
Overseer of
B. Prophets, Sipt.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls.
A.
COMMENTARY:
J> i
4. The title ~:2 'lB! ~?- J1 is unusual and, as far as I know, not previously recorded;
but see Lange-Schafer, Grab- und Denksteine, 20024, b, 7 for a similar title (gi\'en also in
~Vtb. rn, 296, 10). I have noted another occurrence of our title on a stela of the :\Iiddle
Kingdom in the Nelson GaIlery of Art, Kansas City, Mo. (The Art News, Dec. 9, 1933,
I ~ ~i"'~ I. The word <=>
~~"?- .Ji
~ ~1
~ I <:.::>1
.vS:' ~ '&L 1'1 or <=>
~ ~
N~ I
P. 56), \vhich reads ' \ Ll~
Cl )\-}il1 <=> .J:r' SV] I
Jf D I
(metathesis) seems to refer to a class of officials (perhaps of both sexes) \yho, in all three
instances here noted, are associated with cattle.
B. For \J, dct. of the name Sipt, cf. the similar det. of the word Jp, 'to make boats' (Trtb.,
sub voc.).
j'
PI. VII, 2.
Sunk relief with remains of colour; in bad condition, upper left portion
missing. 47'0 X 53'0.
This tomb contained amulets, beads, and an alabaster kol,ll-pot of Twelfth
Dynasty type. The tomb type, according to Reisner, 'may be dated to
Dynasty XII, but might be earlier'. Stela 17 (below) is that of the wife, from
the same tomb.
SCENE:
THE STELAE
In front of man, lower right; calf's head (w) with neck and ear (r),
dead bird (r), leg (r), ribs (r), two jars and an unclear object (y) on a table (r).
BORDER: At top and both sides, between incised lines; painted torus moulding
as in Stela 8; (b) lines on (y) ground.
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
~,
A I. (as read) ~ltp-sign (y), support of Anubis (y), ws (y), det. Osiris (r), r!d and hand (r),
town det. (y), feet of chick (r). A 2. brw (r), jar (r), s (r), u:r (y), ml (r), itmb (r), chick (y)
with feet (r), r (r).
B.
B I. nw (r), mr (r), det. father (r), bs-jar (r), ss (r), mr (r), rr (r), chick (y) with feet (r).
B 2. Chick (y) \vith feet (r), det. brother (r), sister (y), s (r), r (r), chick (y) with feet (r), det.
rwg (r). B 3. r (r), det. ~((r), m (y) with feet (r), det.l/pS (r), s (r), 1ll (y) with feet (r), r,
hand, and det. brd (r), det. father (r). B 4. Feet of i1 (r), m (y) with feet (r), arm (r),
seated man (r), det. wr and det. ngs (r), s (r).
C.
D.
~ili! N;;: ~
A r.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king (gives), (and) Anubis (and) Osiris (lord of)
Busiris . . .; (2) funerary offerings of bread and beer belonging to the Sole
Companion, in honour before ... [He says]
B. (I) I am (one) beloved of his father, praised of his mother, whom his brothers
(2) and sisters love. I made this (my?) tomb. I acted as one sturdy of (3) limb.
I acted with my (own) ann while I \vas a child (when) the property of my
father (4) was taken from me. I made friendship? with the great (man) and
the small (man when) I followed them.
c. His beloved wife, Prophetess of Hathor ...
D . . . . praised of the household of her husband.
E. A thousand beer, a thousand bread, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls.
COMMENTARY:
A 1.
B 2.
B
25
THE STELAE
careful examination of the original reveals no trace of anything in the hand. l;ms seems
more probable, 'I made a sitting', i.e. I associated with, or, as Reisner suggests, I made
friendship with. Reisner is convinced that this text deals entirely with the man's boast of
his attainments. He considers that there is a temporal relation between irni m bp! sk-wj
m brd and bt iti it m ri, and comments further: 'It is ... probable that the whole text
contains a reference to his life in general; how by his own efforts he recovered and made
a fortune of his own after having been deprived of his father's property, and how his
personal vigour and assiduity was furthered by his behaviour towards all those who were
superior to him in the service in which he was engaged (probably some branch of the
king's service).'
PI. VIII, 1.
13. M.F.A.25.659. S.F. SOIL
Figures and most objects in relief, some parts painted only; inscriptions incised, remains of colour. 65'0 X490.
Fine work but in poor condition. Reisner dates this stela to the Twelfth Dynasty.
SCENE: Full width of stone below inscription; standing man and woman -0.
MAN: Close-fitting wig (b), collar (?), bracelets (?), pointed kilt (w), flesh
(pinkish r); holding staff (y) in left hand and wand (?) in right hand.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest (b), collar (?), bracelet and anklets (?),
close-fitting dress with shoulder-straps (w), flesh (y); left hand on man's left
shoulder, right hand holding lotus bud (y?) with stem (r).
OBJECTS: Between staff and right edge, in relief, top to bottom; five jars (r) with
conical sealings (b) on a stand (?), joint (r) with bone (w), round cake (w),
onions (?), conical object (y), ribs (r) with right end (w), lettuce? (?), leg (r)
with left end (b), conventionalized loaves (?) on a stand (?). Above these
objects, painted only and unclear: two male offering-bearers advancing +-;
in front of man's face, standing male attendant +-; in front of man's legs,
standing male attendant +-; in front of woman's face, disk (r) of a mirror?,
and a squatting female figure +-; behind woman's legs, a shoulder-jar (w)
with upper part (r), and a cylinder-jar (w) with upper part (r).
BORDER : None. Double incised lines dividing registers of inscription.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
n
26
THE STELAE
B.
t:Jc. ' -
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Osi[ris], lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, the great god, lord of Abydos; funerary offerings (of) a thousand of
bread and beer, a thousand of [cattle and fowls], (2) a thousand of clothing, a
thousand of offerings, a thousand of provisions, a thousand of everything
good and pure which heaven gives and [the earth] produces, (3) for the
honoured (one) before Onuris, lord of Thinis, SJ-in~rt, born of Ijpw, justified.
(4) That which made [for him] his beloved son Ijny.
B. His beloved wife Ijpw, born of 1mlt.
A. (I)
COMMENTARY:
For a parallel to the restored part at the end see Lange-Sch1ifer, Grab- und Denksteille,
I, p. 129, b, lines 7 and 8 (reference supplied by Reisner).
A 3. The terminal ~ in the names of the mvner and his mother are not to be read: Gunn is of
the opinion that such terminations, especially in the Middle Kingdom, are substitutes
for the human det. which was omitted, originally perhaps on superstitious grounds. He
tells me that Ranke agrees with him in not reading them in certain names, as for example
in the latter's Persollellllamen, 10,6; 10,23; 25, 12; and especially 25, 19. The end of line
A 3 is recorded in a hand copy made at the time of finding as
B. The second name is feminine; cf. Ranke, Personennamen, 6, 23, and Lange-Sch1ifer,
Index, p. 79.
A 2.
!!! 3?
PI. VIII, 2.
Sunk relief, painted. Construction lines for the figure, still visible on the
stone, are indicated by dotted ink lines on the plate. 42'5 X486.
Reisner dates this stone by tomb type and pottery to the late Intermediate
Period. No. 63 is from the same tomb. See also PI. I, I, right, and Fig. I on
P3
SCENE: Lower left; standing man - 7 .
MAN: Full wig and beard (b), collar (g), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding staff
(y) with top (b) in left hand, and wand (?) in right hand, the wand passing
behind the body.
OBJECTS: In triangular space to right of staff, top to bottom; leg (r) with foot (b),
onions (g), ribs (r), live bird (y) with feet (r), dressed bird (g), three jars (r)
with tops (b) on a stand (?).
THE STELA E
At top and both sides, painte d only; outer edge (bl), inner edge (y),
coloured rectangles of (b), (r), (y), and (bl). Dividi ng lines under inscrip
tion
A and between B 2 and objects (bl), between B 1 and B 2 (y).
BORDE R:
INSCR IPTION S:
A.
B.
TRANS LATION :
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mount ain, who
is in
the place of embalming,
B. (1) lord of the necropolis; funera ry offerings of bread
and beer for the Count ,
Sole Companion, (2) the honor ed SIJ?
A.
COMME NTARY:
A.
Thefis headless.
The name is appare ntly r~~.JJ~, althoug h the second sign looks
more like a headless f. In Stela 63 (also from this tomb) the writing is shorten ed
to
~~, which
tends to confirm the reading 81J. On the \vooden coffin found in
this tomb (Exped ition
Reg. 23-I2-1 76), while the name appears on the lid as r=~~,
in which the second
sign might perhap s be taken for a badly made -';-, the reading -<>= seems
to be confirmed by
the short version of the name used on both sides and both ends, where
it is simply written
with the two signs t~. I know of no recorde d instance of -=, or
a similar sign placed
vertically, having the value SiJ, and have no satisfactory explanation
of the matter to offer.
B 2.
r=
THE STELAE
Painted only, at top and right side; outer edge (y), inner edge (r),
coloured rectangles of (b), (r), (y). Lines under A, at left of B, and under C 2
(y), between C I and C 2 (r).
BORDER:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis;
B. funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Count, Sole Companion,
1nl:zrt-nbt.
C. (I) His beloved wife (2) the honoured 1nl:zrt-iml.
A.
COMMENTARY:
In the name the second sign is L the missing leg being just discernible in paint on the
original.
c 1. In both cases the f is headless.
C 2. The penultimate sign represents the tree il1LJ.
B.
PI. IX, 2.
SCENE:
THE STELA E
INSCRI PTIONS :
TRANS LATION :
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubi s (and) Osiris, lord of Busiri
s in
all his beautiful places;
B. (r) funera ry offerings of bread and beer for the
Hered itary Noble , Count ,
Overseer of the Temp le, Privy Councillor (2) of the God's Sealer
in the
(t [mkt, the honou red 'In-itJ.
c. His beloved wife, Prophetess of Hatho r, Sole Royal Ornam ent,
Snt-iJ j.
D. A thousa nd bread and beer, ... , ... , cattle, gazelle
s, a thousa nd (of) everything for the honou red 'In-itj (and) Snt-sl j.
A.
COMME NTARY:
B 2.
Cl
Cl
I.
+-,
det. Osiris, fjd, hand; A 2. bnt, det. Khenti -Amen tiu, beer-ja r, s; A 3.
s, S, s, mJ, imJb.
30
THE STELAE
Two columns at
B.
B
C.
1.
r, rJ; B
2.
right~,
~,
no colour.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which [the king] (gives), (and) Anubis (and) Osiris, (2)
Khenti-Amentiu, lord of Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and beer for
her in (3) her tomb of the cemetery of the western desert, in honour
B. (1) before the great god, lord of heaven, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of
Hathor, (2) whom her mistress praises every day, Sdt-its.
c. Bread and beer a thousand, cattle a thousand, fowls a thousand, 'alabaster' a
thousand, clothing a thousand, for the Royal Ornament Sdt-its.
COMMENTARY:
A 1.
Dj omitted.
The terminal s of the name has the upper right corner preserved (r).
c. The calf's head is reversed.
B 2.
PI. X, 2.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain;
funerary offerings of bread and beer [for the honoured one?] (2) before Osiris,
lord of Abydos, the Companion, Overseer of Ma[sons], (3) 1rrj?, his good
name before Ptah Sokar (is) 1r ....
B. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) the great god, lord of heaven;
31
THE STELA E
that he be well buried in his tomb (2) of the cemetery of the beauti
ful west
bread and beer a thousa nd?? (3) for the Companion, Overseer of
Masons,
.~ l'
. 'lr ....
c. 1rrJ.,
lIS goo d name IS
D. An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubi s
upon his mount ain; funerary
offerings of bread and beer (for) the Companion.
COMME NTARY:
A 1.
PI. XI, 1.
Sunk relief, a few traces of colour. 4IOX327.
Mud-b rick ma~taba tomb similar to that shown in PI. I, 2, and Fig.
4 on p. 8.
SCENE : Lower left; standi ng woma n --+.
WO;vIA N: Long wig or natura l hair (one trace
of bl sic I), collar, bracelets and
anklets, close-fitting dress with (perhaps) should er-stra ps; arms hangin
g.
OBJECT S: Mirro r before face of figure.
BORDE R: Incise d rectangles at top (no colour): incised
lines dividing registers of
inscription, put in after the inscriptions.
INSCRI PTIONS :
TRANS LATION :
A.
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis who is in the place
of embalming,
THE STELAE
B. (1) lord of the necropolis, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu, lord
of (2) Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and beer for her in her tomb (3) of
the cemetery of the western desert, the honoured one before the great god,
lord of heaven,
c. Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor,
D. I:;.njt, her good name is Mr-rns.
COMMENTARY:
B I.
D.
PI. XI, 2.
20. M.F.A.25.676. S.F. 5202.
Crude sunk relief, remains of colour. Upper right corner broken and
mended, in part missing; upper left and lower right corners broken away.
50 '2 X900.
Compare for style with Stelae 45 and 65.
SCENE: Lower part of stone; at left, man and woman seated on chair -,., at right,
two male attendants~.
MAN: Full wig (?), collar (bl), kilt (y),! flesh (?); holding cylindrical cup (bl) to
mouth in left hand, right hand on knee.
WOMAN: Close-fitting wig or hair (?), collar (?), dress (w), flesh (y) ; left arm over
man's left shoulder, right hand above lap.
1ST ATTENDANT: Short hair (?), pointed kilt (y), flesh (r); presenting leg (r) with
both hands, advancing and inclining slightly forward.
2ND ATTENDANT: Head missing, collar (bl), pointed kilt (y), flesh (r); holding
incomplete cylindrical object (bl) in left hand, right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: Chair (y) wide with low back and lion's feet resting on conical supports
(w); table (bl) on which stand eight conventionalized loaves, alternately (bl)
and (y).
BORDER: None. No dividing lines preserved.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A. One and a half lines at top ~, some signs incomplete or missing, as follows:
:t[ ~ ~~R):=
~~m~1~J~wq.
I
33
THE STELAE
D 2.
J.lHzr; the hawk (bl), the area within the house (y), n1r (bI), lun (y), mr and r (r), the rest( ?).
2.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) [Anubis upon] his [mountain,
lord] of the necropolis; that he be buried I in the cemetery of the western
desert; funerary offerings of bread and beer for him, (2) Chancellor of the
King of Lower Egypt, Mayor, Sole Companion, Jf!gj.
B. (I) His beloved wife, the honoured (2) Prophetess of Hathor, Mry.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls?, a
thousand everything?
A. (I)
COMMENTARY:
The tail of Anubis (whose body is missing) is abnormally long, extending into line 2
between Wand
c. The sign under 'thousand' next to last at right is apparently a bird-head, the last sign
below at right being nb for lzt nb.
A 1.
r.
ADDITIONAL NOTE:
An inscribed wooden coffin found in this tomb gives an additional series of titles for
!:f1gj. I have examined a clear photograph, as well as a hand copy furnished by W. S.
Smith of Dr. Reisner's staff. The titles on the right side read:
"t11'mnQ.6.-),
~'),o.A),LJ);:w
);:w>=s~
-=o--l]fl,~ffi~
imj-r1 sn1 we have also in Stela 55 (twice). I suggest that this title is compounded with snl of
TVtb. IV, 519, 3; 'to quarrel', 'dispute verbally', and offer the tentative translation 'Arbitrator', i.e. 'Overseer of quarrelling'. In a fragmentary stcla of Dynasty XI from Dcr-elBallas now in Boston (25.680) a similar title occurs in association with others of a judicial
I Probably defective writing for the passive in t.
Reisner informs me that the same omission of t
occurs in well-made inscriptions of the Old Kingdom at Giza, and that the offering formulae even
34
THE STELAE
and police nature, and I transcribe the pertinent passage here for its general interest as
well as for comparison:
). ~ =~). 9~,,,~ lft y;;;;: y =).~ N--ThJ' I I IO\l.o~
<:::::-
MM'.
<:::>
f'.N'HW\
f'I'N'N'"
"'-:::::>
'.1i'
lrA
":::7
'Overseer of all Controversies, Overseer of all Police on water and land, Overseer of all
Huntsmen of the West (Frontier Guards?).'
imj-rJ ms, 'Overseer of Soldiers'.
imj-rJ kmt dsrt mJi 'True Overseer of Black and Red Cattle'.
i1l1j-rJ wrS(w?) nw appears to be meaningless unless we may suppose that the scribe has
written wrsw for wrsw, 'watchers', a suggestion which I put forward tentatively: this
would give a translation 'Overseer of Watchmen of the Hunting Ground ?'.
imj-rJ snj-tl nb n spt 'Overseer of all Plants (Crops?) of the Nome.'
Two lines at top -<-, continued in B. Some signs retain colour as follows:
A
B.
I.
2.
B 2. sp and 1; (r). B 3. Second boat (r). B 4. n1;t, ,and stroke, det. nlr, r, and second is
(r). B 5. w,b, b, 1;rw, jar, and w, (r). B 6. ml, ll, iml1;, and the group br (r).
~,jar,
TRANSLATION:
A.
(1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer; (2) (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris Khenti-Amentiu. lord of
Abydos;
35
THE STELAE
(I) funerary offerings of bread and beer for her in her tomb of the cemetery
(2) of the western desert, in peace, in peace before the great god; (3) may she
join the earth, may she traverse the heavens, (4) may she be conducted by the
great god, lord of heaven, to his pure (s) places; funerary offerings of bread
and beer for the Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, in honour
before the gods of Thinis, -Iflw[j?].
c. A thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand of cattle, a thousand of
fowls for the Sole Royal Ornament, -Iflw[j?J.
B.
COMMENTARY:
1 "',
PI. XII, 2.
Figure, objects, and door in relief, inscription sunk; traces of colour. Much
decayed. SI3XS2O.
Style and arrangement very similar to Stela 10.
Lower left; seated woman ->-.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest (lappet completed in paint ?), collar,
bracelets and anklets, no indication of dress; holding lotus to face in left hand,
right hand on knee.
OBJECTS: Chair: low back with cushion thrown over it, lion's legs standing on
conical bases. Offerings: in front of figure, at left; three pointed oval objects
alternating with two bunches of vegetables (onions ?), dressed bird, bunch of
onions?, oval object, leg, two? basins on a stand. At right; oval object, leg,
SCENE:
36
THE STELAE
unclear object, basket, four indeterminate objects, joint, and a dead bird.
Door: double leaves with hinges and bolt indicated, incised eye on each leaf.
BORDER: At top and both sides, painted only; traces of (r) rectangles alone
preserved.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
-E-.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (and)
Anubis; funerary offerings of <beer and> bread for (2) the Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, the honoured (nb-n s-ppy.
B. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls,
a thousand everything good.
COMMENTARY:
Owing to the position of Anubis' tail the loaf under pr-brw has been placed at the left,
and the jar has been omitted entirely.
A I.
PI. XIII, 1.
23. M.F.A. 25.679. S.F. Debris in ravine above Cemetery 4000.
Sunk relief, remains of colour. 54'5 X430.
SCENE: Lower left; standing man and woman --)..
MAN: Full wig (b), collar (?), pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding staff, painted
only (y), in left hand, right arm hanging. Upper part of face, ear, collar, and
belt were painted only and not carved.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet (painted only) on chest (b), collar (?), close-fitting
skirt from below breasts to ankles (w),flesh(y) ; left hand on man's left shoulder,
right arm hanging. Upper part of face and ear painted only and not carved.
OBJECTS: Painted only; now visible only a basket (y) to left of man's legs; in
other places indeterminate traces of (r).
BORDER: At top and both sides, painted only; coloured rectangles of (r), (b), and
(y) between (b) lines. Lines between registers of inscription (r); below figures
(b) and two incised lines. A single incised line outside the border at top and
both sides.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
37
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, (2)
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, in his beautiful
places;
B. funerary offerings of bread and beer, for the Sole Companion, in honour
before the great god, Inbrt-blp.
c. His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Sbtt-l~?rt.
COMMENTARY:
A.
B.
F=J.
A.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gIves, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, lord of Aby[dosJ;
B. (I) funerary offerings of bread and beer for her in her to[ mb of the cemetery
of the] (2) western desert; may she join the earth, may she traverse (3) the
A.
38
THE STELAE
heavens, may she be conducted by the great god to [his] pure (4) places, in
honour before [the great god], (5) lord of heaven; praised of [her] father, (6)
beloved of her mother, whom her brothers (7) and sisters love; Prophetess of
Hathor, (8) Sole Royal Ornament, ']nt-its, born? of ']mr (Mrj ?).
c. A thousand bread and beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls for the Royal
Ornament [,]n ]t-its.
COMMENTARY:
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, lord of Abydos; (2) funerary offerings of bread and beer for her
in her tomb of the cemetery of the western desert, the honoured one before the
great god,
B. lord of heaven, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, Nbt-itf.
c. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis, in front of the god's
booth; that she be very (3) well buried in her tomb (4) of the cemetery of the
western desert; may she join the earth, (5) may she traverse the heavens, may
39
THE STELAE
she be conducted (6) by the great god to <his) pure places; the honoured one
(7) before the Thinite gods, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Rathor,
Nbt-itf
26. Lutz 20. N.3915.
Compare with Stela 57 which is from the same tomb, belongs to the same
person, and is closely similar in style and inscription.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (2) KhentiAmentiu, lord of Abydos,
B. (1) in all his places; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Sole Royal
Ornament, (2) Prophetess of Rathor, the honoured Mryt.
COMMENTARY:
Note the det. ~. Khenti-Amentiu occurs on twenty-one of the stelae here published,
and is written riIWIr~, riIWI::t~, r~Dt~~ and the like; the group ~ being present
in all cases. Five instances occur where ~ has been added (Stelae 26, 57,67,7, and 76).
Such a determinative is not given for the word in TVtb.-it has, I suggest, been wrongly
introduced through association with t~, and may be regarded as a step in the transition
A 2.
to the riIWI::~~ of the Eighteenth Dynasty and later (cf. Wtb. I. 87, 13). See also
Gardiner in Rec. Trav., 1910, p. 10, R I4, for a similar use of the desert determinative.
I. Read ]Q!~; read ~+O:f7'
21
40
THE STELA E
d also
from N. 379 I (mistaken reading of a faded label?). N. 3794 yielde
Stelae 35 and 36.
SCENE : Centr e; standi ng woma n - T .
tion of clothi ng; left arm
WOMA N: Long wig witho ut lappet , collar, no indica
it as
raised, perhap s holding a mirror , right arm hanging with large (no below
if held in the hand.
are legible.
OBJECT S: In colum n to left of figure; four vases only
lines between registers of inBORDE R: None preser ved. Heavy sunk dividing
scription, and to left of figure.
INSCR IPTION S:
A.
B.
TRANS LATION :
A 1.
A
ally illegible.
Note: For Lutz 23 see Stela 38. Lutz 24 is omitte d as it is practic
SCENE :
INSCR IPTION S:
A.
B.
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, (2)
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings
of bread and beer for (3) the Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt,
in honour before the [great] god,
B. lord of heaven, beloved of his father and mother, Ppy-imJ.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
~,
continued in B, as follows:
+~Lir;~~~+}G::;:~
<,~J~r=;~*~~~~~1~
B.
~~~:~~>~}.!.I~
Five short lines at right ~, continued in C, as follows:
2JO??G::5
(3) ~~rf~
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) that he be well buried
42
THE STELAE
in his tomb of the cemetery (3) in the western desert as an honoured one
before the great god;
B. (1) funerary offerings of bread and beer, a thousand of (2) cattle, gazelles?,
fowls, bread and beer for (3) the Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt,
Sole Companion, (4) Overseer of Tenants of the Great House, (5) Overseer
of living? Sacred Black? Cattle,
c. (1) the honoured (one), praised of his father, (2) beloved of his mother, (3)
Sf!rj.
COMMENTARY:
The second head is that of an animal with single long back-sloping horn.
4- The damaged sign under s is undoubtedly ~ .
B 5. The first sign in the ,vord which I have translated 'black cattle' is probably a bungled
form of km. The last sign I interpret as (nb, preceded by a stroke, though the latter might
either belong to the previous sign or be accidental. The sign might also be 'thousand', as
it is very similar to that sign in B I; if so the title would read 'Overseer of the Thousand
Sacred Black Cattle'.
C 2. Note the peculiar form of mwt. The det. represents a woman seated on a chair.
B 2.
B
PI. XIII, 2.
Fragments are shown in the Expedition photograph (PI. XIII, 2) which are
missing in Lutz's plate; the inscription, however, is better read from the
latter.
Lower part of stone; left, standing man -----0.; centre, objects; right, standing
woman+-.
MAN: Full wig, collar, bracelets, pointed kilt; holding staff in left hand and
wand in right hand.
WOMAN: Partly destroyed; long wig without lappet, collar, close-fitting dress
with shoulder-straps; holding mirror before face in right hand?, left arm
hanging.
OBJECTS: Partly destroyed; table with loaves, ribs, leg, joint, two tall jars on
stands; the rest unclear or missing.
BORDER: None. Incised and painted lines dividing registers.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
being vertical.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
43
THE STELAE
r~~l~l in Wtb.
2.
IV,
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the (2) necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, the
honoured (one), (3) beloved of Hathor beautiful of favour? more than multitudes??, imjt-wrt-(Priestess) (4) in the midst of the Noblewomen, St-nt-in~rt.
B. (r) That which made the Count, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, IJnj. A
thousand of bread and beer, a thousand cattle, (2) a thousand fowls, a thousand of everything for the Sole <Royal Ornament), Prophetess of Hathor, his
beloved wife St-nt-in~rt.
A.
COMMENTARY:
A
PJ?O
3. Translation doubtful:
~ I take to be an epithet of Hathor. For <=>g! Gardiner
has suggested to me 'more than multitudes?', but expresses himself as very doubtful; I
cannot improve on this suggestion, which would make the phrase an amplification of the
preceding epithet. f~ according to Wtb. I, 73, 8 is used sometimes for groups of func-
44
THE STELA E
to'
TRANS LATION :
A.
B.
COMMENTARY:
r'J
:=~~o~
THE STELAE
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis, (and) Osiris, lord of
Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu, (2) lord of Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and
beer (for) the honoured one before the great god,
B. (I) King's Noblewoman, Prophetess of Hathor, Foremost of Adornments?,
(2) Smjt-kJ, her good name is Mrjt.
c. Bread a thousand, beer a thousand, cattle a thousand, fowls? a thousand,
everything good a thousand.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
B I.
B.
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
B.
1r[~ ?].
COMMENTARY:
The group following ss is read nlr by Lutz, but what he takes for the phonetic complements are out of scale and wrongly grouped: I am not convinced that the initial sign is
nlr.
B. The 'good name' is partly incised on the fracture surface at the left, as is also the lower
part of the chair leg (an old break). I read clearly on the Expedition photograph ~ -=-- and
below the eye probably ?~. It is possible, however, that the name is simply Irt (cf. Ranke
op. cit. 40, 26).
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis in all his beautiful
(3) places; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Count, Chancellor of
the King of Lower Egypt, (4) Sole Companion, Mrw['j?], his good name
is 1y.
B. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand everything
good for the Count 1y.
A.
COMMENTARY:
A
47
THE STELA E
PI. XIV, 1.
36. Lutz 33 and 72. N. 3794.
Figure and small scenes at lower right in relief, inscriptions sunk.
man as
From the same tomb as Stelae 27 and 35, and belonging to the same
(his No.
the latter stone. The left end of this stela, given separately by Lutz
r). The
72), is shown in position in the Expedition photo graph (PI. XIV,
passed
stone was anciently broken and repaired with rawhide or metal ties
man's
the
en
(betwe
stone
throug h two sets of twin holes drilled throug h the
r and, in
right arm and body, and beside the head of the staff); see PI. XIV,
the large fragment, Lutz 33.
Left end; standing man -----7.
painte d diagonal; holding
MAN: Full wig, collar, bracelets, pointe d kilt with
staff in left hand and wand in right hand.
s: Upper left: conventional
OBJECT S: Lower right, four compa rtmen ts as follow
pourin g
loaves witho ut a table; man kneeling -(- at a table; standing man -(er in
e-burn
incens
g
with right hand from a bs-vase on to the table and holdin
0; standi ng man -(- wearing
left hand, above him inscription r~:J III
tion
leopard-skin, right arm outstr etched , left hanging, above him inscrip
and
ill =, in front @lJ ':J ~ ~. Upper right: offerings; vegetables, onions, long
and
joint,
,
vessels on a stand, dead bird, two calves' heads, floral pieces
a stand,
narrow ovals. Lower left: two baskets each containing five jars on
ng a
carryi
man
right:
below stand a ewer and basin, group of jars. Lower
, a
small animal over his should er ,,- and leading a hornless ox?; behind
ox
the
over
ption
Inscri
second man carrying a gazelle over his should er
SCENE :
r::
-0(-.
~--;4f\f~wH
BORDE R:
INSCR IPTION S:
A.
B.
-0(-,
TRANS LATION :
ain, who
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mount
god's
the
of
front
in
is in the place of embalm[ing, lord of the necropolis],
lord
booth in all his places. (2) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris,
ry
funera
s;
Abydo
of Busiris, Khent i-Ame ntiu, [great god?], (3) lord of
anion
offerings of bread and beer for the Hered itary Noble, Count , Sole Comp
1y.
is
name
(4) Lector -Pries t, the honou red Mrw[j?], his good
cattle, a thousa nd fowls, a
B. A thousa nd bread, a thousa nd beer, a thousa nd
A.
48
THE STELAE
thousand alabaster ointment jars,! a thousand clothing, a thousand of everything good for the Hereditary Noble, Count, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest,
the honoured one before the gods of Thinis, 1y.
c. (I) Fire for incense. (2) Funerary offerings. (3) Lector-Priest, Overseer of
Scribes. (4) Bringing an ox, a goat, and a gazelle.
COMMENTARY:
In the gap supply certainly nb tl-gsr, the shoulder of gir being still preserved.
At end of line there is room for I ~ or Ji, either of which might be expected here.
A 4. Note the difference in spelling of the name here and in Stela 35.
c. For readings see above under 'Objects'. In (3) 'scribes' is perhaps ss mgJt with the book
roll, 'book-scribes'. In (4) the second animal wngw, a goat, (Wtb. I, 326, 3), is the creature
carried on the first man's shoulders. The ox iWJ is the animal in the centre.
A I.
A 2.
00(-.
49
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Hereditary Noble, Count, (2) Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, Nfr nbsj. Pronounce invocation-offerings for him at the wJg-Feast, at (3) the Feast of Thoth, at the
Going-forth-of-Min-Feast, on New Year's Day and the Beginning of the Year,
(and) at all good festivals for the Hereditary Noble, Count, the honoured (4)Nfr
nbsj. (He) says, I have gone forth from my house, I have gone down from my
nome, I have acted according to satisfaction?, (5) I have attained blessedness.
I am (one) who speaks good, repeats good, (and) acts rightly. Oh ye living
upon earth who love (life) (6) (and) abhor dying, who pass by this stela in
going downstream and in going upstream, (7) ye shall [give] to [me?] of that
which is in your hand, if (however) there is not (anything) in your hand, then
B. say ye with your mouth, a thousand of bread and beer, a thousand cattle, a
thousand fowls, a thousand of everything good for the Hereditary Noble,
Count, the honored Nfr nbsj.
c. His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor,
the honoured ... j ?.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
dd imperative.
-;;=m;:.
THE STELAE
For the fragment Lutz 23 that author gives as provenance N. 3107, through
misreading of a faded excavator's mark. Stelae 46 and 74 are also from this
tomb. In addition there were found fragments of an inscribed wooden coffin
with the name Inbrt ... , probably the name missing from this stela.
Missing; probably was at lower left.
OBJECTS: In part missing; visible are onions or a bunch of vegetables, and a
table with unclear objects including a gazelle-head. Below this are two large
vessels.
BORDER: None preserved.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+-,
as follows:
1 co A LD>-'! ff
T,b!iJ= lJ
B.
= JrIII!XI
rfiYn
~
~ il. \~
!{Wi
l' Jlll.,~
(3)
[~J"=-=[~l~~~~J?Itl~
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, (2) Anubis, lord of SP1, in front of the god's booth, Anubis upon his
mountain, who is in the place of embalming, (3) lord of the necropolis;
funerary offerings of bread and beer for him in his tomb [of the cemetery of
the western desert].
B. (I) [May hejoin the earth], may he traverse the heavens, (2) [may he be conducted by] the great god, lord of heaven, to the pure places, (3) [ ... ? ... ]
to the lord of heaven among the honoured ones ... , (4) the Hereditary Noble,
Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, [Sole] Companion, [LectorPriest?], (s) honoured before [the great god ...].
COMMENTARY:
Osiris abnormally written, apparently with one large eye: the identity of the god
intended is not in doubt. At end of line probably supply seated man with white crown
as determinative.
2. Note the unusual repetition of Anubis: the ideogram is hardly a det. of
but
rather a repetition of the god's name.
A I.
i@r!l,
SI
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis in his beautiful
B. (I) places; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Hereditary Noble,
Count, Sole (2) Companion, Lector-Priest, Overseer of Soldiers of Upper
and Lower Egypt, (3) the honoured lftt1', whose good name is 1tj. (4) His
beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Ifnyt.
A.
52
THE STELAE
COMMENT ARY :
A I.
B 2.
B
PI. XV, 1.
40. Lutz Annotations 13. N. 3900, No. 3.
Figure and objects in relief, inscriptions sunk. Dimensions and colouring
not available.
This stone is in California, mentioned in Lutz's publication, Annotations 13,
but not published by him. The plate here given is from the excavator's field
photograph.
SCENE: Lower left; standing man ~)-.
MAN: Full wig and beard, collar, pointed kilt; holding staff in left hand and
wand in right hand.
OBJECTS: To right of figure; ribs, vegetables?, leg, dressed bird, gazelle head,
onions, four loaves (at left), dead bird (upper right), unidentified object.
Below; a basket and two jars on a stand.
BORDER: At top and both sides, painted only; coloured rectangles, broken at
upper left corner by inscription. Painted dividing lines between registers of
inscription.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
t ~&~ fj)~
LID-
B.
continued in B, as follows:
*-,
I
]rfl~l1@ ~~~Ji.
;:; (4)
~=
~::-\~~"'=--~~: jiI.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, in front of the god's
booth, (2) (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu,
B. (1) lord of Abydos in all his beautiful places; (2) funerary offerings of bread
and beer for the Count, Sole Companion, Overseer (3) of Soldiers, the
53
THE STELAE
honoured one before the great god, lord of heaven, In-itl-r;. (4) Which (i.e.
this stela) his beloved brother, the Count In-itl-srj made for him.
COMMENTARY:
B
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which [the king] gives, (and) Anubis, (and) Osiris, lord of
Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu, lord (2) of Abydos; that she be very well buried;
funerary offerings of bread and beer for her in her tomb
B. (I) of the cemetery of the western desert; may she jo[in the earth], (2) may she
traverse the heavens, may she be con[ ducted by] (3) the great god to the pure
places, the honoured one (4) before the great god, lord of heaven, Sole Royal
Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, (S) imjt-wrt-(Priestess) of the Harim, lJsj.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls,
a thousand everything good.
COMMENTARY:
B I.
B 2.
A I.
A 2.
20,
line A
4. Read at end ~ I ~ .
54
I,
footnote.
THE STELAE
B
=::
5. Read f ~
as in Stela 3 I, end of A 3. Below read . :1, ~ without t. The sign here
represented by Tis incomplete and peculiar in form, apparently a rough copy from the
hieratic.
I
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, (3) honoured before the great
god, lord of heaven, (he) who does what his lord praises (4) every day, Overseer of the Two Slaughter-Houses?, the honoured lbw. <He> says,
B. I am (one) beloved of his city, an excellent commoner who acts with his arm.
A thousand of bread and beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a thousand
of everything for the Hereditary Noble, [Count, .. .J.
C. (1) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, (2) Prophetess of Hathor, the
honoured (3) St-nt-in~rt.
55
THE STELAE
COMMENTARY:
5. The title ~ 'B-'Sc:? is not recorded in Wtb. nor in Lange-Schafer, Grab- und Dellhsteine. The determinative following the name appears to be =, perhaps because of the
similarity in sound between Ibw and lbw.
B. At cnd, faintly visible, is ~~.
B.
+i.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Count, honoured before the great god, Inbrt-nbt.
B. (I) A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls,
(2) a thousand of everything good for the beloved of his father Inbrt-nbt.
COMMENTARY:
B.
Read at top G
I 15 Lfll@C.
I 11),. The name is written thus: ~=>
J 1
9*,
'=
~@
Note: Lutz 40 is omitted, being without legible inscription or other points for
comment. It comes from N. 3996.
THE STELAE
Long wig (painted only) with lappet on chest, collar, bracelets and
anklets (painted only), skirt not defined above; left elbow touching man's
right wrist, right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: Opposite man's face; painted leg only (above which are at least three
painted'thousand'-signs).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles, painted only.
WOMAN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
-c-,
continued in B, as follows:
+~&U=ll@} 1\
B.
C.
~~~~=r:ffi=>e~}L~J
Two short lines over woman -c-, as follows:
(r) ~:-iJ[+Q] (2) '1f-~.J~.
TRANSLATION:
B.
COMMENTARY:
B.
>
SCENE:
INSCRIPTION:
A.
TRANSLATION:
A.
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, lord
of the necropolis; (2) that he be buried in the cemetery of the western desert;
57
THE STELAE
(3) funerary offerings of bread and beer for him every day, the honoured one
(4) [before] the great god, Lord of this Nome, Sole Companion, Prophet, (5)
[beloved] of his father, prais- (6) [ed of his mother], Ppy-snb.
COMMENTARY;
The forms of the hieroglyphs are similar to those in Stelae 20 and 65.
A 2.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
-E-,
as follows:
C.
S8
THE STELAE
D.
E.
F.
as follows:
G.
~~ T=+'::rIWlC::[~~ J~r~~~
Traces of column at extreme left, illegible.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which [the king] gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, [lord of the necropolis?] (2) in all his places, in
peace, in peace before Osiris, (3) Khenti-Amentiu; funerary offerings of bread
and beer for him in (4) his tomb of the cemetery of the western desert.
B. (I) Oh living ones upon earth who love life and abhor dying, as ye desire (2)
that 'Inbrt, lord of Thinis should praise you, ye who pass by this tomb (of my)
funerary estate, (3) say ye a thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand
of everything good,
c. ye shall say (it) with your mouth,
D. (I) for the honoured one (2) before the great god, (3) Sole [Companion], (4)
Pi[j?] ('Id?).
E. Sole Companion, the honoured Pi[j?] ('[;j ?).
F. The King's Tenant gave me (my?) coffin.
COMMENTARY:
For f ~~ with @ see also Stela 25. Probably supply nb-tJ-rjSr at end.
A 2. 0 for <;;, the dot being accidental.
-=>
-=>
A 4. There is room for ~ at end of line.
B I. The det. of bpt is .1\ here, not
as frequently.
B 2. The hawk is a det. for 'Inl;rt.
B 3. The three 'thousand'-signs are placed together, but refer respectively to the bread, the
beer, and everything good.
C-D. It is not clear to me whether C or D is to be read after D. C is a parenthetic insertion
which may equally well be spoken in either place; i.e. 'Say ye a thousand &c.-say ye (it)
with your mouth-for N.', or 'Say ye a thousand &c. for N.-say ye (it) with your mouth'.
The purpose of C is to emphasize that the inscription is to be recited.
D 4. The first sign in the name may be either ~ or &, as also in its other occurrence at the
end of E ; the position of the feet speaks for PJ but the form of the wings is more like 1J.
F. Dr. Gardiner has kindly pointed out an interesting parallel to this passage in Davies,
Deir-el-Gebrawi, Il, PI. XIII, lines 10-II, translated there 'His majesty caused the Royal
Forester (?) to bring a coffin of wood'.
AI.
59
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I ) [An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis], lord of the necropolis;
good funerary offerings of bread and beer in his tomb (2 ) [of the cemetery,
for the Companion], the honoured Nfr-iwnw (?), whose good name is lJwy.
(3) <He says), Oh living ones upon earth who shall pass by this tomb, (4) as
ye desire to worship your god, being happy, say ye as ye pass by,
B. a thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a
thousand fowls, a thousand fowls, a thousand fowls, a thousand 'alabaster'
(ointment jars), a thousand cloth for the Companion, the honoured Nfriwnw(?) [whose good name is lJwy].
COMMENTARY:
ib ].
>,
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
B.
TRANSLATION:
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, lord
of the necropolis; that he be buried in the cemetery of the western desert; (2)
funerary offerings of bread and beer for [him every] day, the honoured
Companion, Libationer of the Slaughter-House?, Ppy-snb.
B. The Companion, Ppy-snb.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle?, a thousand fowls, a
thousand 'alabaster' (ointment jars), all (?).
A.
COMMENTARY:
m::&.
Read
For LlJHH3'~ see Wtb. v, 27,11 for which, hO\vever, no translation is there proposed. Compare also with the title in Stela 42, A 4: presumably an
offici ant at sacrifices.
c. The ox-head is not clear but is to be expected here. ' 7 an incomplete writing of ~.
A 2.
SCENE:
61
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) [An offering which the king gives, (and) AnuJbis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, (2) [in front of] the god's
booth; that he be well buried in his tomb (3) [of] the cemetery of the western
desert, in honour before the great god, (4) [lord of heaven], Chancellor of the
King of Lower Egypt, Overseer of the Gates, In-ilf
COMMENTARY:
The reading is in part clearer in the field photograph than in Lutz's plate. The line
runs: [~~+}~~U.
A 2. The line begins ~ IDII
A 3. Supply ~ before 1.
A 4. Supply ~ or ~ at beginning of line, unless 'C7 comes at end of A 3.
A I.
THE STELAE
Stela 50, while the costume worn and the objects carried by the principal
male figure find a close parallel in the Gebelein monuments in Turin.
Centre and left; standing man and woman ---+.
MAN: Somewhat bulbous wig, collar, pointless kilt to knees with belt and sash
hanging down in front; both arms extended forward, the left holding a long
bow and the right a quiver of arrows?
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest, collar, dress from shoulders to midcalves and apparently covering breasts; left hand on man's left shoulder,
right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: In vertical group to right of bow; dead bird, gazelle head, ox head,
live bird, table with conventional loaves. To right of the latter a rectangular
object partly broken away, perhaps a door? Over the dead bird a group (j I I I
(bread), and beside it 01 I I (beer).
BORDER: None. Incised framing line at top and another at left.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Beginning over dead bird and reading ---+ then +{, continued in B
Column beginning at upper left +{, with signs reversed; lower part illegible.
c. Line over figures giving names; signs in confused arrangement.
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain?, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, in
B. all his beautiful pure places ...
c. S-nbtt (?). The honoured In-it] n[t1[j].
A.
In general note the abnormal formation of the signs, the lack of uniformity in
their orientation, and the lack of sequence in the grouping of the inscription as a whole.
A. Note the reversal of direction from :t ~Il to ~ &c. 0 for ~ in ~~. The f has the
head separated and the m lacks feet.
B
for ~~~. wrb is represented by a sitting man surrounded by a halo of punctured dots,
as in the Turin examples cited above.
c. ~ is probably the woman's name? placed over her head. What follows should be
COMMENTARY;
grouped ~.>
] :E:'
THE STELAE
Firth and Gunn, Teti Pyramid Cemeteries I, p. 180, Figs. 88 and 89. Band A
across the top, above the tablet scene, is missing.
INSCRIPTIONS:
(nb-bJj
Honoured before Ptah-Sokar, (nb-~Jj.
G. Honoured before Anubis upon his mountain (and) before Osiris, (nb-~Jj.
G 1 The King's Nobleman, Overseer of the Place of Tenants of the Great House,
(nb-bij.
F.
COMMENTARY:
D 2.
~.
SCENE:
TWO MEN:
64
THE STELAE
Centre; long wig with lappet on chest, collar, dress not defined
above; both arms hanging.
OBJECTS: None.
BORDER: Sunk lines at top and both sides as well as between registers of inscription.
TWO WOMEN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, (2) lord of Abydos; funerary offerings of bread for him in his tomb
of the cemetery of the western (3) desert on every good festival, for the
honoured one before the great god, lord of heaven, the Count, Ir'W-kmt ?
B. An offering which the king gives, (and) Anu[bis] ...
c. (I) His beloved wife, Royal Ornament, St'W, his son Ir'W-kmt, [his son] (2)
Mr[y?]-ipj, [his daughter] Ftj, his daughter Ipj.
COMMENT AHY :
The four figures below the inscription are, I think, the two sons and the two daughters.
The owner and his wife are not figured. For the wife's name see Wtb. IV, 357, 9, '#:wserpent'. The first son bore the same name as his father, or so I read it \vith Gunn. Following this, on a fragment still preserved in the field photograph though not given by
Lutz, is ~, which belongs with the first name in line 2.
PI. XVI, 1.
53. Cairo, 37737. N. ?
The stone is recorded in the Livre d'Entree under the above number, but I
was unable to find it in the time at my disposal at the Museum. No tomb
number is noted in the field record, and the stone was probably not found in
a tomb but out of position. Height 42.5.
K
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) that she be well buried
in her tomb of the cemetery of the western (3) desert; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for her, for the honoured one before the gods of Thinis,
B. (I) (she) whom her husband praises, (2) great imjt-zurt-(Priestess) of beauty
of character?, (3) Royal Ornament, (King's) Noblewoman, (King's) Relative,
(4) Prophetess of Hathor,
c. cnb-n-s-ppy, whose good name is Nn[j?J.
COMMENTARY:
A I.
B 2.
+1)+
PI. XVI, 2.
SCENE:
66
THE STELAE
In front of man's face; leg (r), ribs (r and w), table with five small jars
(?), two tall jars (?) under table. In front of man's left leg; kneeling man (r)
with hands in a basin (?).
BORDER: Traces of painted (b) bordering line at top and left sides. Incised
dividing lines between registers of inscription.
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming,
B. (1) lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the
Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Njr-!:b-Jw ?,justified. (2) Make offering for him (at) every feast.
A.
COMMENTARY:
B I.
B 2.
PI. XVII, 1.
A.
67
THE STELA E
ain, who
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mount
gs of
is in the place of embalmmg, (lord of the necro)polis; funerary offerin
Egypt,
bread and beer for (2) the Count , Chancellor of the King of Lower
(3) the
god,
Sole Companion, Lector -Pries t, the honou red one before the great
d of
Arbitrator?, fInw. (He) says, I am (one) beloved of his father, (4) praise
his mothe r, whom his brothe rs and sisters love. Oh living (ones)
stela in
B. (I) upon earth, who love life and abhor dying, who shall pass by this
a thou(2) going downstream or upstre am, ye shall give me bread and beer,
of everysand of bread and beer, a thousa nd cattle and fowls, (a thousa nd)
thing for the honou red Arbitrator? J:lnw.
COMME NTARY:
A 1.
A
A
'iI
/t11-
PI. XVII, 2.
56. Cairo, 45969. N. 3900, No. 2.
Figure in relief, objects and inscriptions sunk. 55'5 ><80'0.
from this
See preliminary remarks under Stela 39, where the other four stclae
tomb are listed.
SCENE : Lower left; standi ng man and woma n -*.
kilt (?), sandals (w), flesh (r);
MAN: Full wig and beard (b), collar (g), pointe d
b) in
holding staff (y) in left hand and wand (y with irregular central stripe
right hand.
(g), close-fitting dress not
WOMA N: Long wig with lappet on chest (b), collar
g.
defined above (g); left hand over man's left shoulder, right arm hangin
68
THE STELAE
To right of man's staff; ribs (r with end w), vegetables? (g), leg (1' with
foot b), dead bird (w with neck and head l' and feet b), area between wings (g),
area between wings and onions (1'), onions (g with stems b, r, and w), three
animal heads (w? with markings b and tongues r), four flat loaves (y), two
baskets (y), three jars (r below and striped above band w) on a table (w).
Part of ground between objects (g).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles framed between painted
lines (outside r, inside y), colours in order are (b, y, r). Painted dividing lines
between registers of inscription as follows: under A, behind B I and B 3 (r);
behind B 2 (y).
OBJECT::3:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is in
the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis in all his beautiful places;
funerary offerings of bread and beer
B. (I) for the Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt,
Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, (2) the honoured one before the great god,
lord of heaven, Overseer of Soldiers, .... (3) His beloved wife, Sole Royal
Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, the honoured ....
A.
COMMENTARY:
A.
B
The det. of pr-brzv is placed vertically: for instances of this abnormality cf. Polotsky, op.
cit., Par. 33 a.
2-3. The names of both man and woman are lost at ends of columns.
SCENE:
69
THE STELAE
In front of woman's face; onions (g with stems r), two flat loaves? (r),
basket (y), pot (r with bands above it g).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between bordering painted
lines, reading from lower left (b, r, y, r, b, y, r, gap, b, y, r, &c.).
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
A 1. /.ttp, U's, and q'd (r); nsw, dj, det. Osiris, nb, and det. Busiris (g); t, ir, and w, (y). A 2.
First and last vase in bnt, n, and smjt-sign (r); third vase in bnt, t, imnt, and det. KhentiAmentiu (g); the rest (y).
B.
B
B
1.
2.
b,pr, jar in pr-brU', t, and 'lOr (r); lb, w, bno, n, bkr, two ts, and stroke (g); the rest (y).
/.tm, imlb, and r (r); /.tr in Hathor, nlr, nu, b, t, mr, secondj, and t (g); the rest (y).
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (2) KhentiAmentiu, lord of
B. (1) Abydos; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Sole Royal Ornament, (2) Prophetess of Hathor, the honoured Mryt.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
On the det.
see Stela
26,
Commentary A
2.
PI. XVIII, 2.
58. Cairo, 45971. N. 3900, No. 5.
Figure and objects in relief, inscriptions sunk. 4ooX545.
See preliminary remarks under Stela 39.
SCENE: At left; standing woman
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest (?), collar (g), bracelets (g), close-fitting
dress not defined at top (g); both arms hanging.
OBJECTS: In front of woman; mirror (r with handle ?), ribs (r with end w), vegetabIes? (g), leg (r with foot w), onions (g with stems w with spots r), calf's head
(w with spots r), gazelle head (y with horn b), two loaves (y), basket (y) and
two jars Cr \vith stripes band w) on a table (?). All against ground (g).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles (in part interrupted by head
of figure) in order from lower right (g, y, b, r, &c.). Painted lines dividing
registers of inscription: below A and behind B 2 (y); behind Bland B 3 (r).
-)0-.
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain,
B. (1) who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis in [all his] beautiful (2) places; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the [Sole] Royal Ornament, (3) Prophetess of Bathor, the honoured Mrj.
A.
COMMENTARY:
B I.
B 2.
B
Supply at end~.
Supply at end ~.
==!=.:.
PI. XIX, 1.
Scene and inscription incised and painted.
Traces of scored construction lines for figures. 45'0 X 60'0.
A few details, now faded out on the stone, are visible in a field photograph.
The tomb is represented in Fig. 3 on p. 6.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTION:
A.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis; (2) funerary offerings of
bread? and beer? for the Count, Sole Companion, Sbj. (3) Funcrary offerings
of bread? and beer? for his beloved son Nfr nlTs[j].
I
71
THE STELAE
COlVGvIENT ARY :
A I.
A
A
PI. XIX, 2.
60. Cairo, 43755. Mes.2115.
Sunk relief, traces of colour. 35'5 X44o.
SCENE: Lower part of stone, centre and left; standing man, daughter, and wife -)-.
In front of man; female offering-bearer--.
MAN: Full wig (?), collar (g), bracelets (g), pointed kilt (?), flesh (r); holding
staff (?) in left hand and wand (?) in right hand, which also grasps daughter's
left hand.
DAUGHTER: Long \vig with lappet on chest (?), collar (g), bracelets (g), closefitting dress not defined above (?); left hand in man's right hand, right arm
hanging.
WIFE: Long wig with lappet on chest (?), collar (g), bracelet and two anklets (g),
dress not defined above (?); left hand clasping daughter's left shoulder, right
arm hanging.
OFFERING-BEARER: Long wig with lappet? on chest (?), dress not defined above;
holding out tray containing five undefined objects (pots) (?) in right hand, left
arm hanging.
OBJECTS: None.
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles separated by groups of
three or four incised transverse lines, in order from bottom left (?, g, 1', ?, g, 1',
&c.). Incised lines dividing registers of inscription, no colour.
INSCRIPTIONS:
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is in
the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis;
B. (I) funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Mayor, beloved of his lord
(2) his favourite, Sin,.
A.
72
THE STELAE
c. His beloved daughter lrts. Her mother, the Royal Ornament, his beloved
wife I1j.
COMMENTARY:
The word SmJ is common (Wtb. IV, 470) in the later Old Kingdom, and means
'wanderer', 'stranger', but is determined either by a seated man with hands raised in front
or by a walking man with a bundle over his shoulder. The use here of a determinative
which appears to represent a prisoner with arms tied behind him (more clearly seen in
the field photograph) is not recorded in Wtb.
c. In the field photograph the wife's name is clearly ~~~ ; cf. Ranke, op. cit., 52,29-30.
B 2.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, (2)
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
beer and bread for the Hereditary Noble? (3) Count, Chancellor of the King
of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, the honoured one before
B. the great god, lord of heaven, In~rt-nbt.
COMMENTARY:
Note the writing f l>:,}~! instead of the more usual }~, and especially the plural
strokes. E:'l wrongly used for ~ as det. of tl-f!Sr. -=-~ in error for J!:;.
3. The circular mark above wrti is a hole from which a flint nodule has fallen. Note the
abnormal grouping ~~'U1l\}, and cf. Gunn in Teti Pyramid Cemeteries, I, p. 217, for other
instances of it.
A 2.
73
THE STELAE
B.
The above abnormalities indicate an illiterate and careless scribe, which is quite in keeping
with the crude workmanship of this stela.
PI. XX, 2.
62. Cairo, 19 : I I : 24 : 2. S.F. 203.
Sunk relief.
The stone is framed in the Museum and could not be measured. From field
records, Height 60'0.
Lower centre and left; standing man and woman -+.
MAN: Full wig with relief details (b), collar (? , y, ?, y, ?), nipple (b), bracelets (?),
pointed kilt with diagonal band (?), sandals (b), flesh (r); holding staff (y) in
left hand and wand (y) in right hand.
WOMAN: Full wig with lappet on chest and relief details (b), collar (?, y, ?, r),
nipple (b), bracelets and anklets (?), sandals (b), close-fitting dress from below
breasts to mid-calves (g over y; i.e. entire body painted and the dress then
painted over it), flesh (y); left elbow crooked around man's right arm, right
arm hanging.
OBJECTS: In front of man's face; leg (r with foot y), ribs (r and w with end y),
basket (y), calf's head (y with neck r). In front of waist; dead bird (b outline
on ground ?). To right of lower end of staff; two jars (r) \vith tops (b) on ringstands (r).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles with multiple transverse
divisions in part incised, in order from bottom left (?,?, r, b, y, &c.). Dividing
lines between registers of inscription (y).
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Four lines at top -<i-, continued in B. A 2 and 4 entirely (y), the rest without
colour.
B. Two columns at right +-t, no colour, as follows:
A.
~,>~O~-\U~~~ID>?-'ill'(!)~}~\::}q.m~~I}@oDr94}=
=~11~16!~112!~~~~~}~~.
C.
-<i-,
no colour, as follows:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) funerary offerings of
74
THE STELAE
bread and beer for the Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole
Companion, Lector-Priest, the honoured one (3) before the great god, lord of
heaven, Sd-itj. <He) saith, I am an excellent citizen who acts with his arm,
(4) I am (one) beloved of his father, praised of his mother, whom his brothers
and sisters love,
B. (I) pleasant to <his relatives. 0 ye) living (ones) upon earth who love life
and abhor dying, ye shall (2) say, a thousand of <bread)?, a thousand beer, a
thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a thousand of good <things) for the Count,
the honoured Sd-itj.
c. His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, Pryt.
COMMENTARY:
I think part of the text has been omitted by a careless copyist, as indicated in transcription above. For the first phrase see Stela 2, line A 3, and for a similar miswriting of rnow
Stela 55, line A 42.
8 is a mistake, Ghaving been omitted after m.
B I.
110,1
PI. XXI, 1.
I,
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis in all his beautiful
places; that he be buried
75
THE STELAE
B. (I) in his tomb of the cemetery of the western desert; funerary offerings of
bread and beer (2) for the Count, Sole Companion, the honored Sp?
COMMENTARY:
B 2.
2.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king (gives), (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of (2) the necropolis in all his beautiful (3)
places; funerary offerings of bread (and beer) for the Count, Chancellor of
the King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, (4) the honoured one before the
great god, lord of heaven, lJny.
B. His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, 1y?
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
10.
The following twelve stelae (65-76) I have been unable to locate, and their publication, therefore, is based entirely upon the Expedition photographs.
76
THE STELAE
PI. XXII, 1.
Left and centre; man seated on chair -0-- and attendant <-.
MAN: Full wig with relief details, beard, collar, short kilt; seated on chair with
low back, cushion, and bull's legs; holding cylindrical cup to mouth with
left hand, right hand in lap.
ATTENDANT: Close-fitting wig or natural hair, possibly sash over left shoulder?,
large pointed kilt; holding out bird in right hand, left hand holding unclear
object (possibly wing of bird ?).
OBJECTS: In front of man; table with conventional loaves. Above table; ribs, leg,
calf's head, leg, and other unclear objects.
BORDER: None. No divisions between registers of inscription.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+-,
continued in B, as follows:
~~~~n ~(~~JI:iW]~~
D.
~:::J'f~~[[d [d [dJ~,,~.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, lord
of the necropolis; that he be buried in the cemetery [of the western desert?].
(2) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the honoured one before the great god,
B. (I) lord of this nome, beloved of his father, (2) praised of his mother, (3) Sole
Companion, Inspector of Prophets, Ppy-snbj.
c. Sole Companion, Inspector of Prophets, Ppy-snbj.
D. Bringing to him good [things?] by the [villages and houses] of his estate.
77
THE STELAE
COMMENTARY:
PI. XXII, 2.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
~,
as follows:
t~li~t~~w
(2)
rn=~~)~>~H=~lJ'!'~~
1WMM:Z<::::>9a@lJY~.G
C.
2 ~,
;k ~
~.JrM'NM
Q:::':]
:Z<=>Y~c"
as follows:
~Q~9.~-~
~ \"~a JJ~
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (2) funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Count, the honoured one before the great god, lord
of heaven, 1nbrt-nbt.
B. (I) Funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Count, Sole Companion, the
78
THE STELAE
honoured one before the great god, lord of heaven, (2) Inbrt-nbt; a thousand
of [bread, a thousand] of beer, for the honoured In[brt-nbt].
c. His beloved wife, the honoured St-nt-inbrt.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
B 2.
I.
PI. XXIII, 1.
Figures and inscriptions were painted only and are much faded.
Lower centre; standing man and woman ---0>-.
MAN: Full wig, collar, kilt; holding staff in left hand and wand in right hand.
WOMAN: Long wig (rest of upper part illegible), close-fitting skirt to below
knees; left arm raised, rest not visible.
OBJECTS: In front of man's face; leg, oval loaf, and pot.
BORDER: Preserved only at top; double band of elongated coloured rectangles.
Painted lines dividing registers of inscription.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
[~J
-,
ALoo-
continued in B, as follows:
0=1'1=~
T="=LIlI.dd~Ll@..1t
(2 ) liillc,]IJI\o.:!JLc0!lI
rfi1n~~C 'i' '1=~J ~
@
n~.6-~
OOo~o%U'UI' lloll~
Q ,,11 cd
",-0_
I'
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (2) KhentiAmentiu, lord of Abydos;
B. funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Chancellor of the King of Lower
Egypt, Sole Companion, ...
c. [His] beloved wife, [Sole Royal Ornament], Sdt-itl.
COMMENTARY:
Note the determinative ~ after Osiris, which I can only explain as an error, possibly
in sympathy with the group below in A 2, for which see Stela 26, Commentary A 2. The
transposition of signs in both cases is noteworthy, ~ instead of 7" ~ 6 TI @} .
c. I assume that the name is the same as that of the woman in Stela I7.
A I.
79
THE STELAE
PI. XXIII, 2.
FIGURES:
INSCRIPTIONS:
One
One
c. One
E. One
Drum.
A.
B.
line at top
column at left +{.
column at right ~1.
line under tablet D
Short line *-.
-0(-.
*-.
TRANSLATION:
A.
B.
COMMENTARY:
A. 'Judge and Scribe' according to rVtb. rn, 421, 16, but Gunn would render the title
c.
'Sib-official of Scribes'.
00 I take for a corruption of
=, the jar replacing ljrw. After ';'" read
of which
the b is still visible. At end of line after JIb I would read the sign as equivalent to ~}f~
with t placed above it.
1?
6TI
lJ
PI. XXIV, 1.
THE STELAE
Full wig with relief details, beard, collar, bracelets, pointed kilt; holding
staff in left hand and wand in right hand.
BOY: Close-fitting wig or natural hair, pointed kilt; left hand slightly advanced
holding a pair of sandals?, right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: In front of man's face; leg, ribs, vegetables, onions,joint, indeterminate
object, calf's head, gazelle head. Under man's left arm; dead bird. Upper
right corner of field; three offering-bearers advancing +--- as follows: man
presenting jar and bowl, man presenting two birds, man carrying gazelle over
shoulders. The men wear close-fitting wigs or natural hair and pointed kilts.
Below these; seven jars on a stand, two baskets under stand. In the damaged
space below were originally further objects, now lost.
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between incised lines, the
rectangles separated by three to four incised cross-lines. Incised lines dividing
registers of inscription.
MAN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Four lines at top +---, ending in short column at left, thus: =-- ~~
B. Two columns at lower right *1, ending in a third short column between
staff and man's leg, as follows:
A.
Qiq.}!Jf\~~r~~J)r.Y ~
~~~Ql<=<=~l~=~l~
l~~~~JQQ
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the (2) necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King
of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, (3) Lector-Priest, the honoured one before
the great god, lord of heaven, Tby, (4) <He> says, I arose from the back of my
father's house, I am an excellent citizen (5) who acts with his arm.
B. (1) 0 living (ones) upon earth who shall pass by this stela in (2) going downstream (or) in going upstream, ye shall say a thousand of bread and beer, a
thousand cattle and fowls, (3) a thousand everything good for the honoured
Tby.
COMMENTARY:
4- The phrase Nj] m pl:zwj-pr it[j] is not altogether certain in meaning. The same phrase
occurs in the stela from the Metropolitan Museum in New York published below (Stela
78), and in a letter to the writer Dr. Bull of the Metropolitan quotes Gunn as suggesting
that pl:zwj-pr means' "the end of the house" in the sense of survivors of the father's house,
81
THE STELAE
i.e. widow, children, &c.'. Gunn cites examples of this or similar phrases in Gardiner,
Inscription of Mes, N. 35, and also Leningrad Pap. 1116 A, recto 142 (J.E.A. I, 35). In
the latter source Gardiner translates the phrase 'those at the back of the house of Akhthoi' with footnote 'i.e. slaves, cf. Inscription of fdes, N. 35'. I would interpret our example
in the sense that he arose from a subordinate position, i.e. at the back of the house, in the
servants' or women's quarters. The group which follows, extending into A 5, occurs also
in Stela 42 above, and is noted by Polotsky, op. cit., Par. 59.
I. SWJt[j]-sn, 'who shall pass by'; cf. Gardiner, Grammar, Par. 364.
PI. XXIV, 2.
Figures in relief, objects and inscriptions sunk. Upper right section discoloured.
Lower left; standing man and woman -+.
MAN: Full wig and beard, collar, pointed kilt; holding staff in left hand and
wand (passing behind kilt) in right hand.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest, collar, anklets, dress from throat to
mid-calves; left arm around man's waist, right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: To right of staff; ribs, vegetables?, leg, conventional loaves (leaf type,
alternating light and dark in colour) on a table, joint, dead bird. Below these;
two tzs-jars, two other jars, two baskets containing pots, the lower one on a
stand.
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles interrupted at left side by
end of line A r, and ending above woman's head. Painted dividing lines
between registers of inscription.
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
m::
~~~o~=~"t"c
B.
(s)
1L~J~fl~
[J] ~.~J?l>1lt~~~r>~}t
(6) ~~~'7~~rTA~=~~
One column at right *i, as follows:
\~~~\::~ &~\::~~rJ
c. Line under A 6, continuing in short column at left, -- then *i, as follows:
(I) !G!1l!o!1?!~~ 12:\~~~+O
(2) tI~1 ~d-.~ ~
82
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, (2) lord of Abydos in his every place; funerary offerings of bread
and beer for (3) the Hereditary Noble, Count, Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, Overseer (4) of Prophets,
Privy Councillor in the Great Chamber, Overseer of Works in (5) the Temple,
Overseer of all the tpwt (?) of the retinue(?) of the mJlw, (6) beloved of his lord,
ljnj. That which made for him his beloved
B. eldest son, who did what he (his father) desired upon earth (i.e. while his
father was alive), Im-mrry-sb ?.
c. (r) A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls,
a thousand everything good. His beloved wife, Sole Royal (2) Ornament,
Prophetess of Hathor, Ky?
A.
COMMENT ARY :
PI. XXV, 1.
SCENE:
THE STELAE
To right of man, top to bottom; oval loaf, two cylinder jars in rectangular frames, ribs, leg, dressed bird, basket containing four jars, basket, three
tall jars.
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between incised lines.
Painted lines between registers of inscription.
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, (2) lord of the necropolis in all his beautiful
places; (3) funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Hereditary Noble,
Count, Privy Councillor, ?-Priest of Min, Inbrt-nljt.
B. ?A pillar living by means of his possessions?, Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Inbrt-nljt.
c. His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, BnJt.
D. A thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand fowls, a thousand cattle
(for) the Hereditary Noble Inbrt-nljt.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
::4
PI. XXV, 2.
72. N. 3807. (Field Photograph, No. 598.)
Sunk relief, in large part incrusted.
SCENE: Lower left; standing man ---+.
MAN: Full wig, collar?, bracelets, anklets?, pointed kilt; holding staff in left
hand and wand (passing behind kilt) in right hand.
OBJECTS: None.
BORDER: None. Incised dividing lines between registers of inscription.
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTION:
Three lines and three half lines at top and right +-.
A.
TRANSLATION:
A.
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, (2) in front of the god's
booth; funerary offerings of bread and beer for him in his tomb of the cemetery of the western (3) desert; that he be very well buried in the western
desert, (4) the honoured one before the great god, (5) lord of heaven, whom
the gods of Thinis praise, (6) the Count, Sole Companion, Tm-mrry.
COMMENTARY:
Note the determinatives in wt. The pip-like sign resembles Gardiner's V 38, the O.K.
det. for this word rather than the later form that we have come to expect in these inscriptions. The use of the det. @ occurs four times in the phrase in these Naga-ed-Der monuments; in Stelae 25 and 46 the group is +}@ with @ replacing~, while in 49 (apparently)
and 72 (certainly) it has been added to the more usual form
C;@ .
6. I read the name l\~~ ~, the mr being small and very much crowded above the first r.
Cf. the names in Stelae 30 and 70.
A 1.
+}
SCENE:
85
THE STELAE
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+-,
continued in B, as follows:
cp==
A4-,.6)~JL~O=
T~/.IIW\ ~ lr JrC3~V06iJ~~
B.
r:J
TRANSLATION:
(r) An ofIering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of bread
and beer for the Hereditary Noble, (2) Count, Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, the honoured one before the
gods of Thinis, Itj-o. <He) says, (3) I am (one) who speaks good, repeats
good, and acts rightly. I am (one) beloved of his father, praised of his mother,
whom
B. (r) his brothers and sisters love, pleasant to his relatives and children. 0 ye
living (ones) upon [earth] who love life and abhor dying, who shall pass by
this stela in (2) going upstream or downstream, ye shall (3) say, a thousand of
bread and beer, cattle and fowls, (and) everything good for the honoured Itj-rJ.
C. (r) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, (2) the
honoured one before (3) the great god, lord of heaven, (4) lftpt[j?J.
A.
COMMENTARY:
3. gd nfr whm nfr &c. See Commentary A 5 to Stela 37, the only other occurrence of the
phrase in these stelae.
B I. im, n ,bt m~!w! occurs also in Stela 78 and in the same context; inll n ,bt! occurs in
Stela 2. In commenting on the fuller phrase as written in Stela 78 Gunn suggests that
the ms-sign may be an error for the man det. in ,bt, but he had not seen the example in
Stela 73. Such an error is not likely to have been made twice, and I consider the reading
given above the correct one. This is confirmed by still another occurrence of the fuller
phrase in Stela 83.
c 4. The terminal j replaces the human det. and is not to be read: cf. Stela 13, Commentary
A 3.
A
86
THE STELAE
PI. XXVI, 2.
SCENE:
MAN:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A1
Il:
5ct.1'\~
B~
~
Cl
Dt
D2
A.
87
C2.
D"5 :DOOR
f. F
THE STELAE
Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole (2) Companion, the honoured
one before Sokar, In-ltj.
D. (r) The honoured one before the great god, (2) lord of heaven, the Count,
Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, (3) Lector-Priest,
E.
F.
In-itj.
Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, In-itj.
Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, In-itj.
COMMENTARY:
I below.
The determinative of Busiris is omitted. Apparently this column is to be read after nb
in A I, as indicated; 'funerary offerings' being repeated.
B. There are two groups of two 'thousand'-signs each, that is one sign for each of the four
articles listed.
C 2. Small:: behind the legs of w. The r below is to be read twice; ~>~} ~~. Note
that Sokar is also invoked in Stela 5 I, column F.
A I.
A 2.
PI. XXVII, 1.
75. N.39r4. (Field Photograph No. 624).
Sunk relief, upper right corner missing.
SCENE: Lower left; standing man and woman -+, daughter and son +--.
MAN: Close-fitting wig or natural hair, collar, pointed kilt; holding staff in left
hand and wand? in right hand.
WOMAN: Close-fitting wig or natural hair, tight dress to mid-calves not defined
above; both arms hanging.
DAUGHTER: Like woman.
SON: Close-fitting wig or natural hair, pointed kilt; both arms hanging.
OBJECTS: None.
BORDER: None. Incised lines between registers of inscription.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+--,
as follows:
"'=ntn~~ >i
1 "'1 A'" c-[T
sN,Ll] ri;:~.D d) ' 7 TI @~ I!ill I' JI&:, 11
r~'7r..J q, Jr'G60'::=~~uLJ
~ni'l'l~LfJ=~np-"=-9-co
,6~rQ
t>t;\}!, lH~~~.~,~,~rn
B.
LJ
;~
88
THE STELAE
Llb-~~mr~::it~=
c. Over principal figures; names and titles of man and wife +-, as follows:
D.
r~~~3t,J:\~:: t AP3t
Over daughter; name and title +-, as follows:
E.
~:: \~::tA:-:~r::
To left of son; name +{: lJ~~[?J
TRANSLATION:
(r) An offering which [the king] gives, (and) Anubis, (and) Osiris, lord of
Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu, (2) [lord of Aby]dos; funerary offerings of bread
and beer for him in his tomb of the cemetery of the western desert, (3) the
honoured one before the great god, Sole Companion, Overseer of Sandalmakers in the Temple?, Ijwtj.
B. (r) The Sole Companion tIu'tj, (he) says, I am (one) beloved of his father,
(2) praised of his mother, whom his brothers and sisters love, beloved (3) of
the great ones, praised of the little ones, never (4) did I do what any people
abhor.
c. Sole Companion Ijwtj. His beloved wife, King's Noblewoman, Idw.
D. His beloved daughter, King's Noblewoman, St-nt-nfr[t ?].
E. In(zrt-[nl;t?J.
A.
COMMENTARY:
PI. XXVII, 2.
SCENE:
89
THE STELAE
holding staff in left hand, right arm hanging (with wand perhaps painted in
and now illegible).
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest, collar, tight dress not defined above;
left hand on man's left shoulder, right arm hanging.
OBJECTS: Faintly legible in front of man's face, painted only; leg joint.
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between framing lines,
painted only and broken at left by end of line A 2. Painted lines dividing
registers of inscription.
INSCRIPTIONS:
III
the
B.
~! 3t ~ 3t T ~:! ~ l ~~ lJ ~} I? ~ l ~~ I? .
c. One short line under A 4 +-, as follows:
D.
~\~ y~ ~O~=,~
One column to left of B ~, as follows:
m~~ot-;~I~~~~
E.
l~:!l~l~ol~~ .
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, (2) KhentiAmentiu, lord of Abydos (3) in his beautiful place; funerary offerings of bread
and beerfor the beautiful? ? (one), (4) Hereditary Noble, Count, the honoured
one before the great god, lord of heaven,
B. MJr-brw. I have given bread to the hungry and clothing to the naked.
c. His beloved wife, the Royal Ornament, 'Idj.
D. Funerary offerings for the Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, 'Id}.
E. A thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand everything good.
COMMENTARY:
A
3. The vase-like sign at the end of the line is remarkable. Three interpretations are conceivable: it might represent the ideogram wdpw 'butler' and be a title; it might be a repetition of the beer-jug in pr-brw; or it might be a badly made nfr. None of these explanations
THE STELAE
appear satisfactory. It would be extraordinary to place such a title as 'butler' before the
much more important titles that follow; it seems an inexplicable proceeding to repeat the
beer-jug from pr-brw, although Gunn has suggested that as a possible explanation; nfr is
made quite differently earlier in the same line. The last possibility, however, is the one I
am adopting \yith all reserve, because a parallel case has come to my notice. In the collection of Dr. Jacob Hirsch in New York there is a stela of the 1st Intermediate Period,
of unknown provenance, a photograph of which has kindly been shown to me by the
owner. The monument is No. 635 in Dr. Hirsch's collection, and the pertinent text reads
clearly: ill=~~~L:~ &c.
B. The name is unusual, but is listed by Ranke as of the Old Kingdom, op. cit., 144, 19. The
first two signs (mlr) are reversed. A fragment of the painted wooden coffin from this tomb
bears the inscription: ~ffu~~ ~>~.
c. For the occurrence of this as a woman's name see Ranke, op. cit., 53, 25. The writing
in D was, I presume, the same, but the human figure was only painted (as also the terminal j) and is now lost.
In addition to the 76 stelae recorded above, all except one of which (Stela 50)
were excavated by Dr. Reisner for the Hearst Egyptian Expedition or the Harvard
University-Museum of Fine Arts Expedition, I include the following two stones
in this publication because of their similarity to the above material, and because
they are as yet unpublished elsewhere. Stela 77, in the Semitic Museum at
Harvard, has kindly been placed at my disposal by the Curator, Dr. Robert Pfeiffer,
and Stela 78, in the Egyptian Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, has been made available to me through the courtesy of the Director, Dr.
H. E. Winlock. In addition I have to thank Dr. Ludlow Bull of the Egyptian
Department in N ew York for his kindness in supplying me with colour notations
on the l\letropolitan stela, as well as for assistance with the inscriptions.
THE STELAE
To right of man's staff; leg (r with foot b), ribs (r), two rectangles (y),
two oval loaves placed vertically (y), cylinder jar (y) in rectangle (w), jar (r)
with seal (b) on a ring-stand (y).
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles between (b) painted framing
lines; across top, left to right, as follows: (b, y, r, g, b, y, r, g).
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Two lines at top ~, continued in B. All (g) except as follows: dj, face of tP,
gir, and brw (r); stand of Anubis figure and following stroke, gw, and det. wt
(y); hair of tp (b).
B. One column at right +-{. All (g) except as follows: arm in bJtj-r and r (r) ; wr
(y).
c. Short column over woman +-{. All (g) except rand tj which are (r).
A.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis (2) upon his mountain,
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
beer and bread
B. for the Count, Sole Companion, Tfw-r-nbb.
c. His beloved wife 'Itj.
COMMENTARY:
A 2.
PI. XXVIII, 2.
78. Metropolitan Museum, 25: 2: 3.
Sunk relief, painted. 67'3 X475.
Purchased. Provenance not known.
SCENE: Lower left; standing man, woman, and sandal-bearer~, attendant~.
MAN: Full wig with relief details (b), beard (b?), collar of five strands (y,
?, r, y, ?), bracelets (?), sandals (?), pointed kilt with diagonal (w), flesh (r);
holding staff (y) in left hand and wand (y) in right hand.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest and relief details (b), collar of five
strands (r, ?, y, r, ?), bracelets and anklets (?), skirt (w) from waist to midcalves with shoulder-pieces (transverse striped), flesh (y); fingers of left hand
held in man's right hand, right arm hanging.
SANDAL-BEARER: Close-fitting wig or hair (?), tight kilt (w), flesh (r); holding by
thong a pair of sandals (?) in left hand, right arm hanging.
THE STELAE
ATTENDANT:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
Four lines at top -E-, continued in B. All signs originally (g) or (bl) but now
faded out, except as follows:
A I. ~tP (y), dj (r), Anubis (b), his support (y), tp (r) with hair (b), tjw (y), stroke (r),f (y),
imj (r), w (y with legs r), tjsr (r _vith stick y), pr (y), brw (r), bread (y), jar (r). A 2. Long
loaf (y), !utj (y), arm (r), bee's body and wings (y), legs and antennae (r), seal (y), s (r), mr
(y), wr (y), stroke (r), br (y), b (r), 1nl (r), lmlO (r), fish (y \vith belly and tail r), hand (r).
A 3. g (y), hand (r), nw (r), k (y), g (y), s (r), bird (y), I.? (y), mouth (r), arm (r), wood (r),
stroke (r), s (r), sml (r), I-bird (y), hand (r), man (r with hair b). A 4. nw (1'), k (y), mr
(r), f (y), man (r with chair y), ~s (y), mwt (y), w (y with legs r), sn (y), f (y), man (r),
woman (y), their hair (b), three strokes (r).
Three columns at right +-{, coloured as follows; columns I and 2; all signs
(y): column 3 has no colour preserved.
c. One line under A 4 -E- (offering list); no colour.
D. Two short lines over wife -E-, coloured as follows: not preserved except the
following:
B.
D I. !lm (y),f (y), mr (r), bkr (y), wr (y), lJt-~r (y), ~m-n!r (y), imJO (r). D 2. r (r), n!rw
(y), Thinis symbol (y) except plumes and flail which are faded, two mwt-birds (y).
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; funerary offerings of
bread and beer (2) for the Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt,
Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, the honoured Indj. (3) <He) says, I am a
citizen excellent in battle, a companion to his people?, (4) I am (one) beloved
of his father, praised of his mother, whom his brothers and sisters love,
B. (I) pleasant to his relatives and children. I arose from the back of my father's
house by the might of Inbrt, (2) (and) I ruled Thinis in the desire of a good
93
THE STELAE
character (and) in the desire of doing things well. (I am one) who speaks with
his mouth and acts with his arm. (3) There will not be found any man who
speaks against the honoured Tndj.
c. A thousand of bread, a thousand of beer, a thousand of cattle, a thousand of
fowls, a thousand of 'alabaster' (ointment jars), a thousand of clothing, a
thousand of everything good for the honoured Tndj.
D. (I) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, the
honoured one (2) before the gods of Thinis, Mwt-mwt[j].
COMMENTARY:
3. 'I am a citizen excellent in battle.' For this phrase cf. Polotsky, op. cit., par. 59 b. For
YJ-r ot, 'battle', see TVtb. Il, 394, I2. J.z;dt is not given in vVtb. with man det., but it is
listed by Budge in his Egyptian Dictionary with the somewhat vague sense 'folk, people'.
B I. For im; n ;bt mswj see above Stela 73, Commentary B I, and also Stela 83, B 3. For
ls[j] m Pllwj-pr it[j] see above Stela 69, Commentary A 4. The last sign in the column is,
I think,
det. of 1nl/rt.
B 2. In the phrase 'in the desire of doing things ,veIl' the last sign is intended for nfr, r nfr,
'well'.
B 3. Written gdjfor gdtjjj.
D. The name means, perhaps, 'l\Iut is my mother', as Bull has suggested, and this agrees
"Vvith Ranke's rendering in Personennamen, I48, 2. Gunn has proposed 'mother of my
mother' by analogy with 'father of my father' in op. cit., 50, 2I.
A
.:r,
The following nine stones, Stelae 79 to 87, are in the Oriental Institute Museum,
University of Chicago, and are said to have come from the Girga district. Their
similarity to the foregoing stelae leaves no reasonable doubt that they are to be
regarded as part of the Naga-ed-Der material, although their exact provenance
is not known. They are published by generous permission of the late Professor
J. H. Breasted, Director of the Oriental Institute, who kindly placed photographs
and all necessary information at my disposal and had the texts collated by members
of the Egyptological staff of the Institute.
PI. XXIX, 1.
Relief, painted. Upper left and lower right corners missing. 603 X47o.
It is noteworthy that this is the only stone in the whole series here published
with inscriptions in relief. This and other peculiarities of style make it necessary to admit the possibility that it may be of a different provenance, although
the stone used for its manufacture is in all respects similar to that from \vhich
the rest of the stelae are made. Another possibility is that the maker had been
trained in a different tradition in some other part of Egypt.
94
THE STELAE
SCENE:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
Four lines at top +-, in relief. The signs have in some cases raised edges and
sunk centres, in others the entire sign is in relief, often with considerable
modelling. All signs were originally outlined in (b), which is extensively preserved.
Line I. nsw (raised edges r, centre g), t (y), !ztp (raised edges y, centre r), dj (raised edges
95
THE STELAE
back is in lower relief), t (y, internal markings b), plural strokes (r), f (scales carefully
incised, body y, back g), nb (y, painted checker pattern b), nfr (r), t (y, internal line r),
zvrb (r with wig b, water y), b (r), t (y),pr (r), brw (y), t (b), tJ-bread (y, almost a square),
n (three bands g, y, g), (lItj (y, mane b, markings on 'wrist' b, fur markings b), r (y, bracelet
yand b), t (r, not separated from base line), bi~j (antennae, body and feet r, wings rand y,
thorax striped y, r, y, r), sgJwtj (outer and inner raised edges of loop b, centre y, seal y).
Line 4- s (y), mr (r), wr (y, stripes at each end r), t (?), stroke (y with lines b), i (y with
markings b), mJ (r), b (y with lines b), imJb (traces of r), w (y), r (r), wtj (y), rwtj (y with
horizontal painted lines b), m (body and feet y, head with traces r), ~ (y), b (r), l; (y), det.
[the sign is peculiar, somewhat resembling l;b (022), and without a vase] (y), r (r), n (y),
fey, incised scales), nfr (y), ~ (y), two 1"S (r), ir (ball and rim b).
B.
One column to left of woman +i, in relief; coloured (y) with details (b).
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who
is in the place of embalming, [lord of the necroJpolis, (2) (and) Osiris, lord of
Busiris, Khenti-Amentiu, lord of Aby[ dos J, (3) in all his beautiful pure
places; funerary offerings of bread for the Count, Chancellor of the King of
Lower Egypt, (4) Sole Companion, the honoured Rwg-m-lJ,b~, whose good
name is ~rr-ir(?).
B. His beloved wife, Royal Ornament, the honoured Jjwyt.
COMMENTARY:
In the det. of Anubis note the form of the object on which the animal lies. In the
majority of occurrences in these stelae the object appears to be a table, rather than a
shrine as in the hieroglyphic type: this is the only instance where its form appears to have
been influenced by the standard for the support of sacred images. At end of line read nb
tJ tjsr, the hand holding a stick from tjsr being preserved.
A 4. The first name I would read
Q\ ~ LlJ Jm, the det. being similar to f:zb (0 22) and
probably intended for the lower part of the ~bl; det., although the vase above was never
added. The second name is ~.
B. The sign bkr resembles an ear of grain.
A I.
-=1
PI. XXIX, 2.
Figure, objects, and inscriptions Band C, III relief, inscription A sunk;
painted. II3O X736.
SCENE: Lower part of stone; standing man -----')..
MAN: Full wig with relief details (b), beard (?), collar of four strands (?), leopard
skin (tawny) with spots (b), tie on left shoulder (?), triple band (?) under right
arm-pit, claws at upper and lower right edges and tail at bottom, bracelets (?),
pointed kilt (w), flesh (r); holding staff (y) in left hand and wand (y?), which
passes behind kilt, in right hand.
THE STELAE
In front of man; table (?) with eight conventionalized loaves (r outlines and markings), beneath which are ribs (alternately rand w with rend),
indeterminate elongated object (y), and fore-leg (r with end ?). To right of
the foregoing three registers of offerings as follows:
1St Register: ribs (alternately rand w with end r), two baskets (r with
markings b) on a table (r), first basket containing three jars (r with seals b),
second basket containing two similar jars and a round-bellied vase (r with
seal b). Beneath table a gazelle head (routline, horns b )and a calf's head(y ?). On
right side of table a flower (g with calyx r). To right, above; rectangular matlike
object, perhaps vegetables! (g with r cross-lines): below; dead bird (?, r outline, wings b), two vases of flowers (g), three upright conical loaves (r outline).
2nd Register: small joint of meat (r), unclear elongated object (? and g?),
fore-leg (r with foot g), two baskets (r with details b) with mounded contents
(?), calf's head (? with neck r), onions (g with details r), gazelle head (y with
horn b), dead bird (wings b, neck b mottled, head bl), dressed bird (at upper
right, r outline), and several unclear objects.
3rd Register: dead bird (b), small joint of meat (r), matlike object as in first
register (g with cross-lines r), calf's head (b), onions? (g with cross-lines r),
basket (r with markings b) containing three pots (r with seals b), I:zs-vase (r),
gazelle head (r with horn b), and some indeterminate objects.
BORDER: At top; representation of cavetto-cornice in relief, left to right (y, g, r, r,
y, g, r, r, y, ?, r, r, y, g, r, r, y, g, r, bl, y, g, r, bl, &c. to end). At both sides
coloured rectangles between incised bordering lines, with incised double
cross-lines, in order (y, r, bl, g, and repeat). Incised dividing lines between
registers of inscription A (b), raised dividing lines in inscriptions Band C (b).
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
Five lines at top <E-, in sunk relief, coloured (g) throughout. In A I white
plaster patch over faulty place at sign dj.
B. Three short lines over figure <E-, in relief, coloured (r) except as follows:
A.
2.
Cl. lower element of ~b (g), seals of two jars (y). C 2. n (?), ngm (g), seals of two jars (y).
The bnm-vase is not in relief (painted only). C 3. wand t both (?), seal ofvase (y). C 4.
~Jt (mane b, leg r), ( (r with bracelet g), s (w), vase (seal, rim, and band y?, vase r). C 5.
two ts (?) superimposed on dividing lines, n (g), t (?), ~ (r ?), seal of vase (y).
I The same form is shown in certain limestone
offering-cases of the Old Kingdom from Giza,
shaped to contain a group of four rod-like objects
97
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, KhentiAmentiu, (2) lord of Abydos in his every pure place; (3) funerary offerings of
bread and beer for the Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Overseer of the Sacred Black? Cattle of the Offering Endowment, 'Isr. (4) An
offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is in the
place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, lord of Spl, (5) funerary offerings
of bread and beer belonging to the Count, Mayor, in honour before the great
god, 'Isr.
B. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis, in front of (2) the god's
booth; a thousand water, a thousand bread and beer, a thousand cattle and
fowls, a thousand 'alabaster' (ointment jars) and linen, (3) for the Count'Isr.
c. List of the 'seven sacred oils' as follows: (1) 11j-~b, ~knw, (2) 1il, nrjm (nbnm),
(3) tWlWt, (4) ~ltt nt d, (5) ((utt nt) l~nw.
COMMENTARY:
A
3. Another in the series of 'Overseers of Cattle'. Five titles of this type are recorded in this
group of stelae (see Index of Titles, I7-21).
2. The second word \vas originally written (in relief) ~~~. A bmn-vase has been
added (in paint only). In Wtb. Il, 381,10 a word ngm (,Salbe') is recorded as of the Twentysecond Dynasty and later. Is this correction an indication that the latter word was already
in use in the First Intermediate Period, and had been confused with the nlznm of the
traditional lists, a confusion subsequently rectified by the painter?
5. Note the sign in 1~nw where one would expect Gardiner's S 16. Here it is clearly ms,
a misunderstanding by the stone-cutter of his hieratic copy.
PI. XXX, 1.
81. Orinst. 16953. Girga district.
Crude sunk relief, painted. 76.8 X 49 5.
SCENE: Lower part of stone; standing man and woman --+.
MAN: Full wig (b), collar (three rows g with dark dividing lines) crude representation of a leopard skin (y with spots rand b) with tie? on left shoulder,
passing over right shoulder and extending below bottom of kilt, bracelets (g),
pointed kilt to knees (w), its belt (y) and tie (w), anklets (g), sandals (traces
only) (b), nipple (g), flesh (r); holding staff (y), in left hand and wand (butt y,
grip g, stem g and y, head y) in right hand.
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest (b), collar (g), close-fitting dress to midcalves covering whole upper torso (g), belt (r outline), bracelet on right wrist
(g with r line), anklets (g \vith r vertical lines), sandals (b), flesh (y); left arm
around man's body with hand appearing in front, right arm hanging.
THE STELAE
In front of man, top to bottom; fore-leg (r, y, foot b), calf's head upside
dO\vn (y with eye b and neck r), two baskets (y) on one of which (left) is an
indeterminate object (g), table of conventionalized loaves (y).
BORDER: Painted only. At top, indication of elements of cavetto-cornice
(b, g, r, y, and repeat). At top and both sides; coloured rectangles (g, b, y, r)
with cross-lines (?). Painted dividing lines between registers of inscription A,
top to bottom beginning above A I (b, y, b, y, b).
OBJECTS:
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
+-,
coloured as follows:
A I. nsw, i, and both ns (g), both ts, dj, and p (b ),{ltp and ont (y), Anubis (b), his stand
(g) with base (y).
A 2. Vase and s (r), pr and t (b), shrine and Jpt (y), det. pr-orw, n, sgJWtj, and mr (g),
nlr (striped g and y), orw (g with b lines), tJ-bread (top y, bar r, base b), r (r with bracelet
g), bitj (antennae and legs r, body g, wings and thorax y).
A 3. w r, both Os and arm (y), stroke and both fis (g), rand s (r), t (b), br-sign (y with base
b), b (r with anklet g), ilnJO (top g, bar r, loop and spots y), nlr (striped g and y), (J (y, bar
at top r, bands g), m (head, feet, tail, and base y, body g), hand (r with bracelet g), sign
above hand (g with cross-lines b).
A 4. nw, k, bothfs, man, woman, both ??s (y), y, seat of man, n (g), J1lwt, both ts, ngsbird, Jo-sign (b), mr (r with cross-tie g), g (striped r and g), tp (y with hair b), tJ (g with
spots r), 111 (y with head g), br-nlr (the nlr as in A 2, the br as in A 3).
B.
bJ (y), oJ (g), tJ (as in A 2), vase (r), tu (g), lu (y), calf's head (upside down, colour as in
Objects), bird head (g with head b), bJ (g), 0 (y), t (?), llb (like {zb-sign, g with centre r),
nfr (r), n (g), z'trtJO (as in A 3), s (r), fi (g), J1l (?), arm (y).
c. Short line over woman +- ( 1), and column behind her -<-{ (2), coloured as follows:
bm, nsw, both is (g), all ts (b ),f, bkr, W 1, both Os, det. of name (y), tlU (r), mr (r with crosstie g), inuO (as in A 3), w (g with wing and feet y).
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis in front of (2) the god's
booth; funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Count, Chancellor of the
King of Lower Egypt, Sole (3) Companion, Lector-Priest, in honour before
the great god, 5mb. (He) says, (4) I am (one) beloved of his father and mother,
a citizen excellent upon earth, a glorified soul excellent in the cemetery.
B. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a
thousand every good thing for the honoured Sbm (= 5mb).
c. (1) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, (2) the honoured Jjwtj.
COMMENTARY:
The sign for bread is peculiarly formed and coloured. It looks like a ~ superimposed on
t, quite unlike the tl-bread sign. The same sign (damaged) appears to have been used in
A 2.
99
THE STELAE
B, and the meaning can hardly be in doubt in these contexts. The collators of the
Oriental Institute suggest that this peculiar form may be derived from the carver's misreading of his hieratic copy, and cite Moller, Palaographie, I, nos. 554 and xxxv, with
which suggestion I concur. It is remarkable that the stone-cutter should have been so
ignorant as not to recognize a sign which occurs in the same grouping so universally, yet
other instances of such gross illiteracy (or carelessness?) have already been observed in
these stelae. I
A 3. The name is unrecorded by Ranke. One is tempted to suggest a meaning 'left-handed'
despite the fact that sm~j (Wtb. IV. 140, 14-15) is not recorded previous to the New Kingdom. The last two signs in the line undoubtedly stand for ~ , the g being again a misreading of the hieratic.
A 4. The last phrase I take to be an abbreviated writing of ngs i~r tp t; ;b i~r m br-nlr.
B. Read two 'thousand'-signs side by side over 'bread' and 'beer', and again two over 'cattle'
and 'fowls'. The line is complete, ending with the arm det. of the name.
A.
100
THE STELAE
TRANSLATION:
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is in
the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis in
B. (1) his every good place; funerary offerings of bread and beer for (2) the
Count, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, in honour (3) before Osiris, lord of
Busiris, Snj. (4) Funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Chancellor of
the King of Lower Egypt, the honoured Snj.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls,
a thousand everything good for the honoured Snj.
A.
COMMENTARY:
A I.
B I.
One line (half length of stone) at upper right +--, coloured as follows:
dj, stroke, imj, arms of t}Sr (r); stand of Anubis, gw,j, w, wt, tJ, stick in rjSr (y); tp (flesh r,
s, b, im/b, r (r);
THE STELAE
Jpt (y, mane ?) ; bitj (antennae
and wings y, body and thorax striped rand y, legs and outline
of wings r); mr (y with cross-bar r); stroke in wrtj and br (b); all others (?).
B 2. three seats, f, det. of name, two gs, d, k, f, det. father, f, /;s, mwt-bird, f (y); two
k;s, nw-vase, r (r); nfr (r with stem y); mr (r with cross-tie?); all others (?).
B 3. two rs, man det., plural strokes, plural strokes (1'); w, woman det.,f, m, ;b,f, rnb,
t; (y); mr (r with cross-tie?); man det. of ;bt, man in interjection, man det. in rnbw, tp (r
with hair b); all others (?).
B 4. both rs, s,r,arm(r); w,rnb,q4,w, det. bpt, W;,;, det. sw;t, s, first sign in is, det. is, w,
t, 11, (y); mr (r with cross-tie?); /;r (face r, hair b); all others (?).
B 5. ti-loaf, rn, rn, 1, Wll, rn, 1, w, 1, g, d, rn, 1, (y); beer-jar, r, r, r, r, stroke (r); nfr (r
with stem y); all others (?).
B 6. bird-head, b, n1r, r;, det. of name (y); base of llfr, r, i1mb, r, two k;s (r); all others (?).
An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is in
the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis;
B. (1) funerary offerings of bread and beer for the Count, Chancellor of the
King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, in honour before the
great god, lord of heaven, in (2) all his beautiful places, KJkJ[j?]. <He> says, I
am (one) beloved of his father, praised of his mother, (3) whom his brothers
and sisters love, pleasant to his relatives and children. 0 ye living (ones) upon
earth (4) who love life and abhor dying, who shall pass by this tomb, ye shall
give (5) bread and beer of that which is in your hand; if (however) there is not
(anything) in your hand, then say ye with your mouth: (6) 'a thousand of
bread and beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a thousand of everything
good for the Count, in honour before the great god, KJkJ[:f?]'.
c. (1) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Hathor, (2) Bnjt.
A.
COMMENTARY:
B 2.
B
PI. XXXII.
THE STELA E
strand s
MAN: Full wig with relief details (bI. sic), beard (?), collar of eight
diagonal
(b, g, ?, y, g, y, r, g), bracelet (g), finger-nails (w), pointe d kilt with
lines on
(w), sandal (b), flesh (r); holding staff (y) in left hand and wand (y,
head r) in right hand.
of six
WOMAN: Long wig with lappet on chest, relief details (bl sic), collar
with
lves
strand s (?, r, g, y, r, g), bracelets (g), close-fitting dress to mid-ca
sandal
incised belt, painte d only above belt (type of Stela 78) (g), anklet (g),
g.
hangin
(b), flesh (y); left elbow crooked around man's right wrist, right arm
bowl (r) to
1ST ATTENDANT: Natur al hair (?), short kilt (w), flesh (r); holding
left hand.
in
it
man's mouth in right hand, and vase (r) with liquid (r) issuing from
with foot y)
2ND ATTENDANT: Costu me and colouring as above; holding foreleg (r
with both hands.
(y with
3RD ATTENDANT: Costu me and colouring as above; carrying gazelle
horns b) over shoulders, grasping its feet with both hands.
bird (g,
4TH ATTENDANT: Costu me and colouring as above; holding out live
bands y with details b on wings and body) with both hands.
and 3rd
OBJECTS: In front of man, two registers. Upper register; between 2nd
neck r),
with
(y
Attend ants, vegetable? (g); behind 3rd Attend ant, calf's head
r, left to
three rectangular objects (w) with central parts (r). Lower registe
which
under
and
right; table (?) on which stand five pots (r with tops b ?),
stand three jars (r with tops b), two baskets (y with markings b).
y, bl, g, and
BORDER: At top and both sides; coloured rectangles (originally r, b,
b). Inrepeat) bet\veen incised framing lines (?) and triple cross-lines (b, w,
cised dividing lines between registers of inscription (b).
INSCRIPTIONS:
A. Seven lines at top
I
(g),
+--,
coloured as follows:
THE STELAE
among them. I was an excellent citizen who lived by his (own) possessions,
(6) who ploughed with (his own) span, who sailed in his (own) boat, and not
(= I did not do these things) with what I found (7) in the hand of my father:
the honoured W!lJ.
B. (1) 0 ye living (ones) upon earth, ye shall say a thousand of bread and beer,
a thousand cattle and fowls, a thousand of everything good (2) for the
honoured Count W!lJ.
C. (1) Bis beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Bathor, (2) the
honoured l:fnwtsn.
COMMENTARY:
4-7. I have received valuable help over this biographical passage from Messrs. Gardiner
and Gunn. Inline 4: the verb srb (Wtb. IV,43, 10) is used in connexion with ship-building,
in butchering scenes, and of the castration of cattle. I had at first taken the verb to refer
to a ship-building enterprise in which the 120 men had been kept in order and protected
from accident by the narrator, but have finally adopted the suggestion made by both Gunn
and Gardiner that the word may mean 'circumcise' - Gardiner refers to its apparent
analogy with the Coptic word for the rite. Whether the sentence is to be taken quite
literally, as referring to a group ceremony involving 120 youths, is doubtful; it may well
be a figurative way of saying that, at his coming of age, he was popular and on good terms
with the large group of youths with whom he associated. In lines 5-7 his boasting continues
with the declaration that he attained prosperity (in his mature years) by his own energy,
and not because of what he inherited from his father; a thought similar to that expressed
in Stela 12, B 3.
A 5. Sf ~~~~ should be compared with the similar expression in Stela 71, B.
A 6. Read r~ ~~ (yoke of oxen, plough, man with goad, and ploughman) r~~ ~~
~ ~~ r~ ~::: In the first word, = is for the land det. :IT, as frequently in the
Hekanakhte letters.
B I. An exceptionally abbreviated version of the formula. The end of the column reads:
A
l~G elCf121~~~
THE STELAE
three oval pointed objects (y), two jars (r with tops ?) on ring-stands (r);
between the last five objects incised indications of other indeterminate offerings (?). Lower register; oval pointed object (y), onions (?), fore-leg (r with
shin wand foot r), table (?) on which stand two basins (y), dressed bird (y),
and three indeterminate objects (two 1', one y), below which are six objects, two
of them onions or floral groups (?) and three vertical oval pointed objects (y).
Basket (y) above which is a rectangular object (w with internal marking y),
small conical object (1'), another basket (y) containing three jars (1' with tops ?).
The baskets stand on a table (y) beneath which is a spouted ewer (1') in a basin
(y). To the right; ribs (r) and other indeterminate objects.
BORDER: At top and right side; coloured rectangles (irregularly y, 1', bl, ?). Sunk
band between border and field (?). No dividing lines preserved.
INSCRIPTIONS:
A.
B.
lines
to 6 alternately (bl) and (y), except ~ and \l in line 3, which show no colour.
TRANSLATION:
A. (I) An offering which the king gives, (and) Osiris, lord of Busiris, Khenti[Amentiu, lord of Abydos, ... ? ... J; (2) funerary offerings of bread and beer
for the Hereditary Noble, Count, Sole Companion, Lector-Priest, ... (3)
Overseer of Soldiers, in honour before the great god, <lord of) heaven, Bwj[brf-Jib. (4) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain,
who is in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis; (5) funerary offerings
of bread and beer for him on the wIg-feast, the feast of Thoth, and (on) all
good feasts (6) among the honoured ones, the Count, Chancellor of the King
of Lower Egypt, Bwj-brj-ib.
B. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand (of) everything good for the Hereditary Noble Bwj.
COMMENTARY:
A
A
3. The soldier holds a throwing stick. In Stelae 39, 40, and 56, where the same title occurs,
Note that the nb has been left out in the group nb pt.
he holds a stick
4. The sign tjsr is written with a curved stick or flower-bud in the hand. Considerable
variation in the objects held in the hand may be noted in the occurrences of this sign in
these stelae. The following variants have been observed: single arm without stick, three
cases (4,48, 54?); single arm with plain straight stick, twelve cases (I, 2, 3, 28, 29, 40,
47, 53, 60, 64,66,79); single arm with short fattened stick or knife, seven cases (9, 10, IS,
19, 35,65,86); like preceding but with forked butt, two cases (14,82); single arm with
wedge-shaped object, broad at top, three cases (5, 58, 61); like preceding but with forked
butt, one case (77); holding ear of grain?, four cases (25, 49, 56, 72); holding
three
cases (32,3,73); holding t, two cases (39,80); holding two sticks, two cases (63,7 1 );
i.
I'
THE STELAE
holding single curved stick or flower-bud, t,,;o cases (43,85); holding oar?, one case (45);
two arms holding long stick, nine cases (31, 37, 42, 55,62,69,78,83,84)'
5. Note the insertion of t after the det. of pr-brw. The preceding sign seems to be used
consistently in these stelae as a determinative only: in this case it is possible that a repetition of 'bread' ~ is inter:ded, though more probably this is merely a scribal error. Note
the unusual form of the g-sign in wIg.
(g),
+--,
coloured as follows:
(y), 3 (r), 4 (g), except the group rid ink mry 11 tfl, which is colourless.
B.
TRANSLATION:
A. (1) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis upon his mountain, who is
in the place of embalming, lord of the necropolis, (2) in all his beautiful pure
places which are in heaven; funerary offerings of bread and beer (3) for the
Count, Chancellor of the King of Lower Egypt, Sole Companion, Overseer
of living? Sacred Black? Cattle, his ... ? ... , (4) [IJdy? <He) says, I am (one)
beloved of his father, praised of his mother, whom his brothers and sisters love.
B. A thousand of bread, beer, cattle, fowls, everything good for the honoured 1dy? .
C. (1) His beloved wife, Sole Royal Ornament, (2) Prophetess of Hathor, Sbws,
106
THE STELAE
(b with small triangle r); Osiris det. (r with hair and beard b); w (bl. with feet r); townsign (y with lines bl).
A 2. ont, b, orw, beer-jar, s(r); nb, lb, n (bl); gw, det. pr-orw (y); imntiw (feather y, bird
bl); det. ont-imntiw (r, crown and flail y, beard b); town-sign, w (as in A I);pr, tl-Ioaf
(b); m (y with lines b, wing ?).
A 3. is, n, g (bl); s, s, s (r);pr, all ts (b); smjt, imntj, WJ (y); m (head w, rest ?); i (bl,
details b); brt-nlr (bl above, r below); m (y with details b, wing?); arm in WJg (r holding
pellet b); both !zb-signs (bl with diamond y); glJwtj (bl with stand y).
B.
centre y, horns bl); 1 (y with details b, wing bl); all others (bl).
B 2. mn,f (y); pr, t, nfr, (b); r, b, r (r); IJb-signs (bl with diamond y); m (y with details
b, wing?); all others (bl).
B 3. b, n, nb, i,!J (bl); r, ml (r); all ts (b); m, w (as above); both hrws (r with centre y).
B + r, 0, r (r); all ts (b); bkr (y); IJt-lJr (bird y, house bl); 1 (y with back bl); m (as
above); all others (bl).
(r) An offering which the king gives, (and) Anubis, (and) Osiris, lord of
Busiris, (2) Khenti-Amentiu, lord of Abydos; funerary offerings! of bread and
beer for her in (3) her tomb of the cemetery of the western desert, on the WJgfeast, the feast of Thoth,
B. (r) the first-of-the-year-feast, the rk~-feast, the New-Year-feast, the iJdfeast, (2) the coming-forth-of-lVIin-feast, and on every beautiful feast (3) (and)
as a daily requirement of every day; in honour (4) before the great god, Sole
Royal Ornament, Prophetess of Rathor, (Jmt.
c. A thousand bread, a thousand beer, a thousand cattle, a thousand fowls, a
thousand 'alabaster' (ointment jars), a thousand clothing, everything good for
the Royal Ornament (Jmt.
A.
COMMENTARY:
A
B
3. m is a repetition of the last sign in A 2, a scribal error. The arm under Wlg holds a
black pellet or cake in its hand.
2. The first and second signs in the column are widely spaced to avoid the damaged place
in the stone, which is original. Note the slight difference in form between the sign mn
and the s in A 3 above it: in colour the s is (r) and the mn (y).
I \Vhile this study was in final proof my attention was called to C!i:~re's interesting and valuable
article, Le Fonctionnement grammatical de l'express ion pri ljrw en ancien egyptien, in Melanges
Maspero, vo!. I, pp. 753 foIl. He makes a good
108
INDEX OF NAMES
IN the following tabulation the proper names are listed in the order of the Egyptian alphabet
and eaeh item is arranged as follows: running number; transliteration; hieroglyphic transcription; sex; number of the stela on which the name occurs; reference; and translation or
meaning where one is offered. R.P. = Ranke, Personennamen. The abbreviation 'Cf.' preceding the reference indicates close similarity but not identity of \vriting, while the simple
reference indicates an identical form. \Vhere the name is listed in R.P. no other references
are given since that work includes names listed elsewhere.
I.
1imt
2.1y
W [10]. R.P. 8, 8.
M [3S], [3 6] (good name of Mrw[j?]
S7)
W [7J.
W [64].
(b) ~ ~ ~ \\
(c) ~ ~m
3. 1bj
4- 1bw
(a)
(b)
~J~
W [44]. R.P.
20, 10.
QJ}
lU}=
W [S]. R.P.
20,
23.
(c) ~J[}4J
5 1pj
~D~
1pj-mr[y?] see il1r[y ?]-ipj S6 [S2]
22,
13 and IS.
6. 1lni (11111?)
Q>O ~
7. 111lJ'j (1mj?)
~>~Oi1
8. 1mr (M!]?)
q~
1n-in~rt
]QJ~
M [S].
10.
1n-itJ
]:E
1 I.
1n-it1-0
12.
1n-itJ n(ls[j]
9.
(a)
(b) L~A
M [49].
]c
~'.f\ -Q<==
' f -sr)
13. 1n-lt
v
1.
10 9
INDEX OF NAMES
I4. 1nt-its
]J~O~
W [15].
16. 1nJ.zrt-nljt
L L!.";~ var. ]
(a)
(b)
~
NNNI\
] S <;>
~
(c) ~
J. <::> ;;3: @
0
;;3:}.
\I ;;3::::::::
JJ
@o
V>0
M [43].
M [61].
1\1 [66].
M [15].
17. 1nJ.zrt-[nbt?]
M [75].
18. 1nbrt-i.zlp
19. 1ndj
M [78].
M [32]. R.P. 40, 24 (same inscription).
M [52].
M [52] (son of 20b).
M [18] (good name of 11' ... 24).
Cf. R.P. 4I, I.
W b4] (good name of Smjt-kJ 89).
W [60].
M [18] (good name of Trrj? 2I). Cf.
R.P. 39, I+
M [80]. Cf. R.P. 46, 24 and 25.
20. 1rw-kmt
(b) =-~'Y0!!
(c) ;;-o!
21.
1nj?
22.
1r[~?]
23. 1ris
24. 1r ....
25. Tsr
26. Tk
~=O var. ~~
~~=
27. Ttj
~o~ ~
28. Ttj-rJ
~DH
29 Ttj
30. Tdj
~=~
~=fo~
31. Tdy?
32. Tdw
IIO
INDEX OF NAMES
33. (lmt
-n~ 11\
34- (nb-nj-itj
.r>N~
35. (nb-n-s-ppy
am-?-";T
36. (nb-Jpj
-?-J..
"=-"=-
}
37. Wlg-[Slj-~b?]
38. W~l
~H~,~)]
}X~A
39 Wsr-!zt!zr
~1r
M [5].
M [84]. Cf. R.P. 83, 26.
W [7]. Cf. R.P. 86,
mighty.'
I.
'Hathor is
J
40
Bwj-~rj-ib
41. Bnjt
J} ~ ~ var.
J}~
M [85].
(a) J~Q~o
(b) JTo~
Bny? seeIJny 71[4]
W [83].
o
42. Pl[j?] (Tlj?)
~?~~
43. Ppy-inu
(]~n~>Ol\
45. Ppy-snbj
Q]IirJ~A
46. Pryt
n~~~~
44. Ppy-snb
W [52].
47. Ftj
III
INDEX OF NAMES
48. MJr-bl'w
49. }\Iwt-mwt[:J"]
50. 1VIr-il'tjjj?
51. Ml'-l'n's
52. Ml'j
53. Ml'jt
54. Ml'y
55. Ml'yt
tion).
I.
tion).
W [57].
56. Ml'[y?]-ipj
1\1 [52].
57. Ml'w[:j?]
inscription ).
(b) ~~l>
1\1 [36]
58. Nbt-itf
tion).
1\1 [47] (good name is ljwy 80).
R.P. 194, 10 (same inscription).
M [37]. R.P. 194,2 (same inscription). 'Nfl' the Nubian.'
1\1 [59].
59. Nfl'-iwnw(?)
60. Nfl' nlJsj
(b)
61. Nfr-!lt-nll'
62. Nfr-Jb-1W?
63. Nn[j?]
r::n
[ ] [-:J
W [I].
rT~l>
1\1 [54].
-'+
64. RwrJ-m-??b!1
65. R(1U{y?]
II2
INDEX OF NAMES
66. 1:hg/
67 l:Jpzu
X),m l
(a) KAJ?
(b) U\J?'1
i
K~::
(a)
rr
(b)
IT A
68. 81lt
69 811/
70 . 8n?[j?]
X~1[~
~~~[~~q
7 2 8ny
?]
?]
(a) l~fl
M [13].
(b)X\Q4
73 8nyt
X~~
W [39]. R.P. 24 1 , 27
74 8nzu
75. {Jnzut SIl
X~OJ?
l'~;l>+-~
76. 8nny
l~=~~
77 8sj
H-~
M [8]. Cf. R.P. 244, 24W [41]. R.P. 254, 28 (same inscrip-
I.
78. 8tpt[j?]
tion).
W [73]. Cf. R.P. 260, 16.
79 8dw[j?]
80. lfwy
81. IJwyt
82. Ijwt/
@J?q4
(a) ~J?J
(b) @J?,Jl:~
~J?1l1
W? [50].
85. S-nbtt(?)
I
I13
INDEX OF NAMES
w [30].
86. St-nt-tn~rt
87. St-nt-nfr[t?]
'Servant
of'In~rt.'
(d) ]~~:-~
-"-r"=<::.:>-
e::.
88. SJ-tn!zrt
89. Smjt-kl(?)
In!zrt.'
90.
Sipt
91. Sbj
r~~
93 Sfb'j
94.
Smlz
95. Sni-rnb
r~-t--;
96. Snj
!!} ~
TI
97.
M~M
rl~r
S!:zw's
98. Sbtt-i~?rt
W [86].
1llili:~~
99 S1'?
100.
101.
(b) r=~~
r}~]
SlW
=>~jJ)I
81111
~~rG
I
I I.
W [52].
INDEX OF NAMES
103.
fid-itj
(b) ~~
104.
(a) ~:r
Sdt-it-S
Ll
105.
]19=~
J>.Jj-in~rt
:'ll.
::.iJ~~@ht
106. J>.Jj-il;m-rr
.iJ ~ If I
.iJ=
==
J>.njt
108. J>.rr-ir ( ?)
C.
107.
INNM
10 9. KJkJ (i?)
IIO. Ky?
I I I.
c.
lJw-r-n~~
=-
M [79].
uuA
=?~~
~<>~H
M [77].
J ~~
Tby
II3. Tm-mrry
~~::yy
114. Tm-mrry-ib[?]
'~~=(l yU[?]
I I 5.
Didj-nb
Unclear
I16 ... , w
?}
M [6].
Il7 .. . j?
~~ ?
W [37].
Q2
INDEX OF TITLES
The titles are listed alphabetically as read, and each item is arranged as follows: running
number; transliteration; hieroglyphic transcription (the variants separately entered); sex;
number of the stela on which the title occurs; references; and proposed translation. The
references used are the following: M.I., Murray, Index of Names and Titles of the Old Kingdam; L.S., Lange-Schafer, Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches, Ill, Index. The abbreviation 'Cf.' preceding the reference indicates close similarity but not identity of writing,
while the simple reference indicates an identical form.
I.
2.
Ca) imjt-wrt o[t] (nt nfr-M) f ~(~~ ~:!:) W [53]. 'great imjt-wrt-(priestess) (of beauty
of character?), (an epithet ?).
(b) imjt-wrt (m ~rj-ib spswt) f~(~ Qv)H ~ 1) W [31]. 'imjt-wrt-(priestess) (in the
midst ofthe noblewomen)' (an epithet ?).
(c) imjt-wrt (nt bnr) f~ (~~1 ~,) W [41]. 'imjt-wrt-(priestess) (of the harim)' (an
epithet ?).
imj-rd~dw ~~HIi3t :Ji:Ji:Ji M [18]. Cf. L.S. 41. 'Overseer of Masons.'
3. imj-n rrrwt
12.
XXII;
XXII;
[20
116
addit.]. M.I.
XXIV.
INDEX OF TITLES
17. imj-n kmt-rn!J ~:2~ 1-9-? M [29]. Cf. L.S. 48. 'Overseer of Living? Sacred Black?
Cattle.' (Cf. text, Commentary.)
18. imj-n kmt-rnlz?1 ~LJ~~~~: l~ M [86]. 'Overseer of Living Sacred Black? Cattle,
his ... ? ... .' (Cf. text, Commentary.)
19. irnj-n kmt !ltp-nlr lk,=LJ~i~ M [80]' 'Overseer of Sacred Black? Cattle of the Offering Endowment.'
20. imj-n kmt !Jnrw ~:2~I~~ ill M [Il]. 'Overseer of Sacred Black? Cattle of the
21.
lznrw.'
Imj-n kmt dirt l1ur ~:2
Cattle? .'
24 mjtrt
25. nbt-pr
r:
'Overseer of Sandal-Makers
:;C: W [7].
(a) ~ M [8], [Il], [16], [36], [37], [3 8], [39], [4 2], [56], [69], [70], [7 1], [73], [76],
[85]. M.I. XXVI; L.S. 60. 'Hereditary Noble.'
(b) [~l M [34].
26. rprt
28. lptj-r ~ M [8], [II], [14], [15], [16], [28], [30], [3 1], [34], [35], [3 6], [37], [38], [39],
[40(2)], [42], [43], [52], [55], [56], [59], [61], [62], [63], [64], [66], [69], [70], [71], [72],
[73], [74], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86]. M.I. XXVII;
L.S. 62. 'Count.'
29. l}!tj-r-mH ~~ M [34]. M.I. XXVII. 'True Count.'
30. (zm- n1r 1~ M [45]. M.I. XXVII; L.S. 63 'Prophet.'
31. (lm-nlr-l}tl}r (a) ~1 ~ W [4], [10], [12], [17], [19], [20], [21], [22], [24], [25], [26], [27],
[3 1], [33], [37], [4 I J, [4 2], [53], [57], [62], [68], [70], [7 1], [73], [7 6], [7 8], [83], [84],
[86],[ 87]. M.I. XXIX; L.S. 63. 'Prophetess of Hathor.'
(b) 1~~ W [64]
(c) ~;1 ~ W [56], [58].
32. l}rj-Ht! <~J5J~ M [71]. M.I. XXXI; cf. L.S. 65. 'Privy Councillor.'
33. (nj-Ht! m rt-ot '!J:fj~lk,~~o M [70]. 'Privy Councillor in the Great Chamber.'
34. l}rj-Ht! n !Jtm ?-nlr m rt-l}nkt? 9~5.l~ ~ 'gu~ ~~? M [16]. 'Privy Councillor ofthe
God's Sealer? in the (mId ?' (offering store-chamber ?).
II7
INDEX OF TITLES
XXXII;
Nome.'
36. 1:z~/-l:zt
M [20], [60], [So]. M.I. XXXIII; cf. L.S. 66. 'Mayor.'
37. bntt-bkrwt r2Wl:~ ,~ w [33]. 'Foremost of Adornments?.'
3S, brj-I:zb (a) XLlIIJ M [3 1], [3 6], [37], [39], [42], [55], [56], [62], [69], [70], [73], [74], [7S], [SI],
[S2], [S3], [S4], [S5]. M.I. XXXIV; L.S. 6S. 'Lector-Priest.'
(b) [? XLlIIJ ?] M [3S].
39 lzkrt-nswt (a) to' W [2], [30], [52], [53], [6o], [79]. M.I. XXXV; L.S. 69. 'Royal Ornament.'
(b) t"O W [I]. (bkrt is sometimes Bin titles 39 and 40.)
40. bkrt-nswt wrtt (a) t'O~ W [4], [10], [21], [22], [26], [27], [39], [56], [57], [70], [76]. M.I.
XXXV; L. S. 69. 'Sole Royal Ornament.'
(b) the same, incomplete. W [34], [5S], [67].
(c) t Q~ W [5], [24], [25], [3 I], [37], [4 1], [42], [62], [73], [7 S], [SI], [S3], [S4], [S6], [S7].
(d) to~ W [19], [23].
(e) tQ~ W [44].
r
(j) t Q~ W [64]. (with w reversed.) (g) t Q~ W [71]. (with w r reversed.)
41. SIb ss ")m ~ M [6S]. M.I. XXXVI. 'Judge and Scribe.'
42. ss ~ M [34]. M.l. XXXVII; L.S. 70. 'Scribe.'
43. smr
M [IS], [47], [4S], M.l. XXXIX; L.S. 72. 'Companion.'
44 smr-wrtf (a) r1~ M [I], [3], [5], [6], [9], [12], [14], [IS], [20], [23], [29], [3 1], [35], [3 6],
[37], [3 S], [39], [40], [42], [46], [55], [56], [59], [61], [62], [63], [66], [67], [69], [70],
[72], [73], [74], [75], [7S], [79], [SI], [S2], [S3], [S4], [SS], [S6]. M.I. XXXIX; L.S7 2 .
r1
'Sole Companion.'
(b) r1~ M [7 1 ].
(c) r1~ M [64], [65], [77]. (w r reversed.)
(w r reversed.)
45
sM (l1n[w]-nlr rrH
M [65]. M.I.
(e) ~@ M [9].
(g) ~9 M [3 S].
(f) ~g M [35].
49
50 .... ? .. mn
~+2 M
lIS
I have, therefore, been thrown back upon the content of the stones in my search
for dating evidence. I have studied the costuming and the occurrence of certain
objects among the offerings, such as the conventional table and loaves, and the
basket with a row of jars, without extracting therefrom any evidence which could
lead to a date-grouping. I have noted the shapes of the stelae with the idea that
this might have some bearing on their date. Professor Reisner had called my
attention to two forms of Intermediate stelae; one an approximately square stone
with an offering scene, reflecting the type of the tablet scene on the Old Kingdom
false door; the other a vertical rectangular slab which derives from the scene with
standing figure on the back panel of the early false doors. He would see in these
two distinct types. An examination of the Naga-ed-Der stones does not appear to
justify any chronological differentiation between these types, as both seem approximately evenly divided between the stones which are clearly early and those which
are certainly late.
I have studied with interest the discussion of the development of the stela at
Naga-ed-Der published by H. W. Muller in Mitt. d. Deutschen Inst.fiir Agyptische
Altertumskunde in Kairo, Bd. IV, p. 183 seq. I have not found, however, that the
types which he puts forward to illustrate the line of development have any observable relation to such indications of date as I have found in the stones.
Finally I have attempted a chronological grouping of the material based on the
following elements:
1st. The occurrence of Anubis and/or Osiris in the df nswt ~tP formula; assuming that the observations of Polotsky in his Zu den Inschriften der II Dynastie,
par. 79 a-c, are correct. I
2nd. The occurrence of datable names. For this I have made use of the date
ranges indicated in Ranke's Personennamen (R.P.), the references to which are
given in my Index of Names.
3rd. The occurrence of datable titles. This is arrived at by the use of Murray's
Index of Names and Titles of the Old Kingdom (M.!.), and Lange-Schafer,
Grab- und Denksteine des Mittleren Reiches, Index (L.S.). Where a title occurs
in the former only I have called it early, where it occurs in the latter alone late,
and where it is not listed, or recorded in both publications, I have called it
uncertain. The references to these sources are given in my Index of Titles.
4th. Evidence as to dating derived from the field notes, and in a few instances
(indicated in the main section) from specific opinions put forward by Professor
Reisner on the basis of his experience in excavating the site.
I
It is to be noted that he is speaking of the
Theban district. The ascendancy of the Osiris
formula may possibly have begun to appear some-
120
Taking these four criteria as a basis I have attempted in the following table to
work out a system of sequence numbers indicative of the relative dating of the
stelae:
(a) Gods invoked in the offering formula: A Anubis (5), AO Anubis followed by
Osiris (6), OA Osiris followed by Anubis (7), 0 Osiris (8), no evidence through
loss of name (6t).
(b) Names (average of all names): Old Kingdom (r), O.K. to Intermediate (2),
O.K. to M.K. (3), Int. to M.K. (4), M.K. (5), no evidence (2t).
(c) Titles (average of all): O.K. (r), O.K. to M.K. (2), M.K. (3), no evidence (2).
(d) Field Evidence: Dyn. VI-X (5), Dyn. VII-X (6), Dyn. IX-X (7), Dyn.
X-XII (8), Dyn. XI-XII (9), Dyn. XII (ro), no evidence (6t).
It will be noted that higher numbers (i.e. more weight) have been given to (a)
and (d) than to (b) and (c). These classes of evidence have seemed to me of greater
value than the names and titles.
TABLE OF EVIDENCE
Stela I Gods
No.
-~--I!
T-
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
I
I
A
A
A
A
0
0
A
A
0
AO
0
A
A
AO
AO
AO
AO
A
AO
OA
A
0
OA
0
5
5
5
5
8
8
5
5
8
6
8
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
6
7
5
8
7
8
? 6;\A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
AO 6
I Names I Titles
-~-+-
4+
5
42~
2
2
2
2
2
2}
2
2
3
2t
2t
4+
2t
3+
3
5
3
21
3
2
2+
2
2
2
2
2
2
2t
2
2+
2~2
I
2
2t I 2
22+
2
3
2
4
2
2}
2
21
2
2~
2+
21
2
2-/,2
4
2
2t
2-
1'
6
5
5
5
10
9
6
8
9
9
10
7
6
6
9
6t
6t
6
6,\8
6
6t
6t
6t
6t
6t
6}
6f,-
6~
6t
5-
17+
17
16I4t
24
2I-!t
14
18
22I9t
24+
16t
16+
17
22
18
17
16+
17
18
15t
19+
I8t
20f,-
17t
16
16+
16
16
17t
15
121
EM
EM
EM
E
L
Dated Year 30, Amenemhat III
L
E
EM
Style like (22)
L
L
Same tomb as (17)
L
EM
Same tomb as (63)
Same tomb as (16)
EM
EM
Same tomb as (15)
L
Same tomb as (12)
EM
EM
EM
Style like (45), (48), (65)
EM
LM
Style like (10)
EM
LM
LM I
L
I Same tomb as (57)
EM
Same tomb as (35), (36)
EM
Early pottery
EM
EM
EM
EM
E
11
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SI
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Gods
-~--
Names
-----~
? 6t
A 5
AO 6
A 5
OA 7
A 5
AO 6
AO 6
A 5
A 5
0 8
A 5
AO 6
A 5
A 5
A 5
Not from
A 5
OA7
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
0 8
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
A06
A 5
0 8
? 6t
A 5
0 8 I
A 5
lA 5 I
A 5
0 8
AO 6
0 8
A 5
A 5
AO 6
OA7
A 5
A 5
A 5
A 5
OA7
A 5
A06
Titles
I Field
Evid.
---
2t
22
2
2
2
2t
2
2t
2
4t
2
42
2
2t
2
2t
2
4
2
3t
2
I
2
5
2
2t
2
I
2t
4
Naga-ed-Der:
I
It
2
3I It+
I
2
2t
2+
2t
2
zt
2
4t
2
3
2
2t
2
2
2
4
2
5
2
2t
2
3t
I
2
z
2t
2
5
2
1+
2
2t
2-t2+
2
42
2~4- I 2
I 2
4
2+
42
2
2
42
42
32+
5
22
2
3
2
42
3
2
5?
2+
5
2
5
Sequence
No.
Date
Group
-""-~-
--~.---
I
I
6t
6t
,6t
Remarks
------'""-
-~"
-----
17+
EM
I5t
EM
Same tomb as (27), (36)
I6t
EM
Same tomb as (27), (35)
16
EM
Early type inscription like (83)
6~18
LM
Same tomb as (46), (74)
6~
18
EM
Same tomb as (40), (56), (58), (73)
6t
18+
EM? i Same tomb as (39), (56), (58), (73)
6t
EM
17
6t
EM
16
6t
EM
I7t
6t
LM
20
6t
Style like (20), (4 8), (65)
E
I4t
6t
Same tomb as (3 8), (74)
LM
I9t
6t
16
EM
6~
Style like (20), (4 5), (65)
E
I4t
6t
EM
18
6t
not included: see text.
False door
E
14
6t
LM
18+
6t
E
14+
6t
16
EM
6t
EM
16+
6t
Same tomb as (3
16
EM
6t
Same tomb as (2
21
L
6t
Same tomb as (3
EM
16t
6t
EM
16
6t
EM
15t
6t
EM
17"~
6t
LM
18t
6t
Same tomb as (1
16
EM
6~
EM
17
6t
Style like (20), (4
EM
15~6t
EM
16
6t
L
21t
6t
False door
EM
16+
6~
EM
16
6~
I
LM
196~
EM
17+
I 6t
16
EM
61"
Same tomb as (39 ), (40), (56), (58)
EM
17+
6t
Same tomb as (3 8), (46), False door
LM
20t
6t
LM
18+
6t
LM
18~
6t
EM
6l
17+
EM
17+
6t
EM
17+
6t
21L
6t
E
15+
6t
EM
16t
6t
Inscription like (3
EM
17+
6t
EM
16t
6t
LM
20t
6t
LM
196t
LM
19t
I 6t
11
122
In the seventh column (Date Group) I have classified the stones in four groups
based on the sequence numbers (sixth column). All numbers lower than 1St I have
called Early (E), IS-~- to 18- are classed as Early Middle (EM), 18+ to 20+ are
Late Middle (LM), and everything above 2 I - I have called Late (L). The Late
stones run certainly well into Dynasty XII, while some of the Early stelae may go
back as far as Dynasty VI. It is not possible to be more specific than this with the
available evidence.
It will be observed that the sequence numbers 18 and 20t have not been mentioned in the preceding paragraph. These represent the border-lines between EM
and LM, and LM and L respectively. Such stones have been assigned to one group
or the other either because they were found in the same tomb as stelae belonging
to one of these groups, or because of additional weight given to the evidence
furnished by the particular god invoked in the offering formula. In two instances
only have I gone contrary to the evidence of the sequence numbers in assigning
stones to a date group. Stela 12 (sequence number I9t) I have put in the Late
group. This stone comes from a tomb, dated by Professor Reisner to Dynasties
XI-XII, in which was also found Stela 17 the sequence number of which is 22,
definitely Late. The reason why the sequence number of Stela 12 is so low is that
all the names are lost, which brings the second element in the number down from
5 (as in Stela 17) to 2t. The other elements in both stones are the same and the
fact that the tomb is dated, and that Stela 17 corroborates this dating, has led me
to disregard the sequence number in this case. Stela 40 (18 + ) comes from a tomb
which contained also Stelae 39 (18),56 (16),58 (I6~-), and 73 (17+). The last three
are definitely in the EM group, Stela 39 is a border-line stone assignable to either
EM or LM, and Stela 40 is only t point later than the border-line. With four of
the five stones from this tomb assignable to the EM group I have felt justified in
adding the fifth as well since it comes so near to the dividing line.
That the grouping of the Naga-ed-Der stelae proposed in the above table is
approximately correct (no more is claimed for it) is indicated by the two following
classes of evidence.
STELAE FROM THE SAME TOMB
Tomb S.F. 524 contained Stelae IS (seq. no. 16+) and 16 (17), both EM.
Tomb S.F. 5106 contained Stelae 14 (I6i-) and 63 (16), both EM.
Tomb N. 3794 contained Stelae 27 (I7t), 35 (1St), and 36 (I6t), all EM.
Tomb N. 3900 contained Stelae 39 (18),40 (18+),5 6 (16),58 (I6t), and 73 (17+),
of which the last three are EM, 39 on the border-line, and 40 only t point
later than the border-line.
12 3
SIMILARITIES OF STYLE
An examination of the plates will show that Stelae 20,45,48, and 65 belong to a
distinct and clearly recognizable class. These stones have sequence numbers 16+,
I4t, I4t, and I5~- respectively, extending from E into EM.
Similarly Stelae 10 and 22 are alike in style, and both have the sequence
number 18.
A third distinct type which includes some of the best preserved and most skilfully carved stelae is the following: 37 (16), 42 (16), 55 (16+),62 (I8-n, 69 (16), 73
(17+),78 (17+),83 (17+), and 84 (I6-}). All these are EM with the exception of
62 which has a low number in the LM group.
On the basis of the table of evidence and of the corroboration for it obt.ained
from the tomb grouping and comparison of styles, I feel that it is justifiable to divide
the material chronologically into four classes. I am well aware that the evidence
does not justify more than an approximate dating, but even that, in view of the
obscurity of the period, seems worth working out and setting before the reader.
Early (Dynasty VI and later), 9 stones: 1,6,9,33,45,48,51,53,81.
Early Middle, 52 stones: 2,3,4,5,10,14,15,16, 18, 19,20,21,23,27,28,29,3,
31,32,34,35,36,37,39,4,41,42,43,47,49,54,55, 56, 58 ,59,60,61,63,
64,65,66,68,69,7 1,72,73,77,7 8 ,79,82,83,84,
Late Middle, 15 stones: 22,24,25,38,44,46,52,62,7,74,75,76,85,86,87.
Late (Dynasties XI-XII), 10 stones: 7, 8, Il, 12, 13, 17,26,57,67,80.
PLATES
PLATE I
I.
2.
S.F. 5005
AND
63 (left)
PLATE 11
I. STELA I.
M.F.A.
12.1475.
Text p.
12
~~
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I
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TI
2. STELA 2.
M.F.A.
12.147 6.
Text p.
14
PLATE III
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2. STELA
I. STELA
7. M.F.A.
13.3 844.
Text p.
8. M.F.A.
25.625.
Text p.
20
19
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PLATE VI
I. STELA
9. M.F.A.
2. STELA 10.
25.626.
M.F.A.
25.627.
Text p.
22
Text p.
22
PLATE VII
I. STELA 1 I.
2. STELA 12.
PLATE VIII
I. STELA 13.
2.
STELA 14.
PLATE IX
I.
STELA
STELA
2.
PLATE X
00
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PLATE XI
I. STELA 19.
2. STELA 20.
M.F.A.
25. 676 .
Text p. 33
PLATE XII
1. STELA 21.
M.F.A.
25. 677.
Text p.
2. STELA 22.
M.F.A.
25. 678 .
Text p. 36
35
PLATE XIII
. ,"
I. S'1;'ELA
2.
.\
,I
I
I
STELA
30 .
LUTz
27. Text p. 43
PLATE XIV
I. STELA
36.
LUTZ
33
AND
72 Text p. 4 8
2.
38.
LUTZ
23
AND
35. Text p. 50
STELA
PLATE XV
I. STELA
40.
2. STELA
LUTZ ANNOTATIONS
46.
LUTZ 21 AND
13 Text p. 53
43. Text p. 58
.,
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I. STELA
53.
CAIRO,
37737. Text p. 65
2. STELA
54.
CAIRO,
4375 6 . Text p. 66
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PLATE XVII
I. STELA
2. STELA
55.
56.
CAIRO,
CAIRO,
459 68 . Text p. 67
45969- Text p. 68
PLATE XVIII
I.
2.
PLATE XIX
I.
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PLATE XX
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I. STELA
63.
CAIRO,
488 7. Text p. 75
PLA TE XX II
I. STE LA
2. STE LA
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PLATE XXV
1. STELA 71."
2.
STELA
N. 384. Text p. 83
PLATE XXVI
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PLATE XXVII
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1. STELA
77.
SEMITIC Mus.
2354. Text p.
91
2.
STELA
78.
MET. Mus.,
N. Y. 25:2:3. Text p. 92
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PLATE XXX
I. STELA
81.
ORINST.
16953. Text p. 98
2. STELA
82.
ORINST.
16954. Text p.
100
PLA TE XXXI
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PLATE XX XII I
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PLATE XXXIV
16959. Text p.
107