CANADA

HYDEL POWER - 75% OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY, USES ONLY 1/3 OF

THE HUGE RESOURCES.

* ONTARIO and QUEBEC province are important for hydel power

generation plant.

* Important Large Power Station – CORNER BROOK, CHURCHIL FALL,

MANITOU FALL, KAMENO FALL.

Coal – (1) Cape Breton Island – not used due to being remote.
(2)Appalachian Coal Field – used.

Iron Ore – (1) Older mines of WABANA on BELL ISLAND,

Newfoundland.

(2) High grade reserve in KNOB LAKE- Labrador,

Steep Rock- LAKE SUPERIOR northern shore.

Asbestos – Half of the World’s total supply from THETFORD, BLACK

LAKE and Town of Asbestos in QUEBEC.

Non-Ferrous Metals –(1)THOMPSON- Deposits of Nickel.

(2)Copper Mines- STALL LAKE –
MANITOBA, LAKE DEFAULT- QUEBEC, TIMMINS in ONTARIO.

EXPLIOTATION NOT EASY- REASON- 1.Deposites scattered and

Remote. 2. Terrain is rugged. 3. Climate is great hindrance.

Livestock – 12 Million Cattle.

Crops – (1)Wheat- PRAIRIES (2 )30% Farmland in Pasture (3) Fruits-
ANNAPOLIS VALLEY- NOVA SCOTIA, Shore of LAKE EIRIE, Interior
Valley-BRITISH COLUMBIA (4) Hay, Potato, Root Crops- Maritime
Province.

Agriculture – (1) Only 8% of the Area.

Forestry – (1) QUEBEC and Maritime Province- Deciduous, Pulping.
(2)Southern Shield – Stranded- PINE. LUMBERING near River Valley
flowing southward to Great Lakes and ST. LOWRENCE. (3) BRITISH
COLUMBIA – SITKA SPRUCE, DOUGLAS FIR, HEMLOCK. Half of the
CANADA’S Wood Supply from BRITISH COLUMBIA.
Fisheries – (1) EAST COAST- GRAND BANK-COD, HERRING,
HADDOCK.

(2)WEST COAST – SALMON, HALIBUF (3) GREAT LAKE –Fresh Water

Fishes- Trout, White Fish.

Petroleum- TURNERS VALLEY - Southwest of Calgary in

SASKATCHEWAN.

• An economical process of extraction of Petroleum from

Athabasca ‘TAR-SAND’ has been devised.

Natural Gas – ALBERTA, Peace Valley district of BRITISH

COLUMBIA.

TRANS-CANADA GAS PIPLINE- Alberta Gas Eastern Industrial Area.

GREAT LAKE TRANSMISSION PIPELINE- Alberta to Sarnia(USA).

Industries – (1)Process-Timber, Fur, Grain, Meat, Milk, Fruit

(2)Smelting & Refining of Non – Ferrous Metal.

GREAT LAKE REGION - QUEBEC & ONTARIO Province- Major Centre.

80% of Industries in MONTREAL, HAMILTON & WINDSOR.

PAPER INDUSTRY- CORNER BROOK – NEWFOUNDLAND.

KITIMAT-Aluminium Refinery.

SYDNEY- ship-building yard, TORONTO –Ore, Grain Carrier for Great

Lake, HALIFAX- Automobile (Car Assembly Works by Volvo-
Sweden).

Chemical Industry- Due to Cellulose, Sulpher.

Transportation – (1)ST. LOWRENCE – GREAT LAKE SYSTEM- Inland

Ports- TORONTO, SAULT ST. MARIE, PORT ARTHUR, FORT WILLIUM-
This Seaway is closed for 5 months/year due freezing. (2)HALIFAX &
ST. JOHN- Ice-free round the year – CNR & CPR Connectivity
respectively. (3)CHURCHIL – On Hudson Bay- nearest to Prairies-
operates only for 3 - 4 months in summer.

CNR-PRINCE RUPERT-VANCOUVER HALIFAX (Govt.)

CPR - VANCOUVER ST. JOHN-3367 Miles. (Private)

Trans-Canada Highway- ST. JOHN(NEWFOUNDLAND) VICTORIA
(BRITISH COLUMBIA)

Alaska Highway- DOWSON CREEK(BRITISH COLUMBIA)

FAIRBANK(ALASKA)

PORT RADIUM- In GREAT BEAR LAKE – Accessible only by air.

QUEBEC & ONTARIO- 1/3 of total population.

OTTAWA- On the ONTARIO shore of OTTAWA River- Federal Capital

of CANADA.

HAMILTON – On the western end of land ONTARIO- PITTSBURGH of

CANADA because of Iron & Steel Industry – one of CANADA’S busiest
Port.

Study Material : World Geography useful notes

• Hottest Place: Dallol, Denakil Depression, Ethiopia, annual average temperature : 34.4

degree Celsius

• Coldest Place: Plateau Station, Antarctica, annual average temperature : -56.7 degree

Celsius

• Wettest Place: Mawsynram, Meghalaya : 1187cm (74 yr average)

• Driest Place: Atacama Desert, Chile : 0.08cm

Geographical terminology:

Trade Winds are the winds which blow from the sub-tropical belts of high pressure towards the

equatorial region of low pressure from the north-east in the northern hemisphere and from the south

east in the southern hemisphere.

Gale is the name given to strong winds having a speed between 56km and 72 km per hour.

Hurricane denotes a strong wind and a violent cyclonic storm with torrential rain and thunderstorm

with wind velocity of over hundred km per hour.

Tornado is the name given to the violent storm occuring in North America. It is generally

accompanied by torrential rains and produces water spouts in the sea.

Water Spout is a tornado occuring in the sea usually in tropical and sub-tropical regions which

connects a whirling cone of dense cloud with a cone of spray raised from sea and thus raises a huge

column of water.
Bora is the name given to the cold dry wind experienced particularly in winter along the eastern coast

of the Atlantic Ocean and in northern Italy.

Cyclone is a storm of high intensity with winds blowing at speeds of 120-280 km per hour round the

centre. The winds, often accompanied by torrential rain, rush inward from all directions.

Major Grasslands:

Grasslands Continent/Country

Prairies North America

Pampas South America

Pretoria South Africa

Veld South Africa

Steppes Eurasia

Downs Australia

Pustaz Hungary

Cantanburry New Zealand