Multimedia Technology (IT-204-F)

Section A
Introduction to multimedia
Lecture3

MultimediaAuthoringTools

Multimedia Authoring Tools

MultimediaAuthoringTools
Multimedia Authoring : These are the tools which
provide the capability for creating a complete
multimedia presentation, including interactive user
control,, are called authoringg tools/programs.
/p g
Someoftheexamplesare:
1. MacromediaFlash.
2 MacromediaDirector
2.
Macromedia Director
3. Authorware
4. Quest.
One can also say that multimedia authoring is the
creation of multimedia productions, sometimes called
Movies or Presentations. As we are interested in
computer science,
i
we are mostly
l interested
i
d in
i
interactive applications.
2

Introduction
Multimedia
Multimediaauthoringtoolsprovidethe
authoring tools provide the
frameworkfororganizingandeditingthe
elements of a multimedia project
elementsofamultimediaproject.
Authoringsoftwareprovidesanintegrated
environment for combining the content and
environmentforcombiningthecontentand
functionsofaproject.
Itenablesthedevelopertocreate,edit,and
I
bl h d l
di
d
importdata.
3

Authoring system in multimedia

Authoringsysteminmultimedia
In
I multimedia
lti di authoring
th i systems,
t
multimedia
lti di elements
l
t andd events
t
are often regarded as objects.
Objects exist in a hierarchical order of parent and child
relationships.
relationships
Each object is assigned properties and modifiers.
On receiving messages, objects perform tasks depending on the
properties and modifiers
modifiers.
4

Authoring tools capability

Authoringtoolscapability

Authoringtoolsshouldpossessthefollowingcapabilities:
g
p
g p

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Interactivity
Playback
Editing
Programming/Scripting
g
g
p g
CrossPlatform
y
y
InternetPlayability
Delivery/Distribution
j
g
Projectorganization
5

Features of authoring tools

Featuresofauthoringtools

Editingandorganizingfeatures.
Editing
and organizing features
Programmingfeatures.
Interactivityfeatures.
i i f
Performancetuningandplaybackfeatures.
Delivery,crossplatform,andInternet
p y
playabilityfeatures.
y

Editing and organizing features

Editingandorganizingfeatures
Authoring
Authoringsystemsincludeeditingtoolsto
systems include editing tools to
create,edit,andconvertmultimediaelements
such as animation and video clips
suchasanimationandvideoclips.
Theorganization,design,andproduction
process for multimedia involves storyboarding
processformultimediainvolvesstoryboarding
andflowcharting.
Visualflowchartingoroverviewfacility
Vi l fl
h i
i f ili
illustratesprojectstructureatamacrolevel.
7

Programming features
Programmingfeatures
Visualprogrammingwithiconsorobjectsisthe
p g
g
j
simplestandeasiestauthoringprocess.
VisualauthoringtoolssuchasAuthorwareand
IconAuthor are suitable for slide shows and
IconAuthoraresuitableforslideshowsand
presentations.
Interactivityfeatures:
y

Interactivitygivestheendusercontroloverthe
contentandflowofinformationinaproject.
Simplebranchingistheabilitytogotoanother
sectionofthemultimediaproduction.
8

Interactivity features cont:

Interactivityfeaturescont:
Conditional
Conditionalbranchingisanactivitybasedon
branching is an activity based on
theresultsofIFTHENdecisionsorevents.
Structuredlanguagesupportscomplex
Structured language supports complex
programminglogic,subroutines,event
tracking and message passing among objects
tracking,andmessagepassingamongobjects
andelements.

 Achieving
Achievingsynchronizationisdifficult,
synchronization is difficult
consideringthatperformanceofthedifferent
computers used for multimedia development
computersusedformultimediadevelopment
anddeliveryvaries.
Authoringsystemshouldfacilitateprecise
Authoring system should facilitate precise
timingofevents.
Itshouldenabledeveloperstobuildapartof
I h ld
bl d l
b ild
f
aprojectandthentestitimmediately.
10

Types of authoring tools

Typesofauthoringtools
Card
Card andpage
and pagebased
basedtools.
tools
Iconbased,eventdriventools.
Timebasedtools.
i
b d
l

11

Card andpagebasedauthoring
systems
Card
Card andpage
and pagebased
basedauthoringsystems
authoring systems
provideasimpleandeasilyunderstood
metaphor for organizing multimedia elements
metaphorfororganizingmultimediaelements.
Itcontainsmediaobjectssuchasbuttons,text
fields and graphic objects
fields,andgraphicobjects.
Itprovidesafacilityforlinkingobjectsto
pagesorcards.
d

12

Card based authoring system example:

Cardbasedauthoringsystemexample:

13

 Exampleofauthoringtools
Example of authoring tools
HyperCard(Mac)
ToolBook(Mac/Windows)

14

Iconbased,eventdriven
,
tools.
Iconbased
Icon based,event
eventdriven
driventoolsprovideavisual
tools provide a visual
programmingapproachtoorganizeand
present multimedia
presentmultimedia.
Multimediaelementsandinteractioncuesare
organized as objects in a flowchart
organizedasobjectsinaflowchart.
Flowchartcanbebuiltbydragging
appropriateiconsfromalibrary,andthen
i
i
f
lib
d h
addingthecontent.
15

 examplesofauthoringtools
Authorware(Mac/Windows)
IconAuthor(Windows)

16

Icon based authoring system example:

Iconbasedauthoringsystemexample:

17

Timebased
Time
basedauthoringtools
authoring tools
Timebased
Time basedtoolsarebestsuitedformessages
tools are best suited for messages
withabeginningandanend.
Sometimebasedtoolsfacilitatenavigation
Some time based tools facilitate navigation
andinteractivecontrol.
MacromediasDirectorandFlasharetime
M
di Di
d Fl h
i
baseddevelopmentenvironments.

18

 Example:
Example: MacromediaDirector/Flash
Macromedia Director / Flash
(Mac/Windows)

19

 Someofthetechnologieswhichwewillfocuson:
1 MultimediaAuthoringMetaphors.
1.
M l i di A h i M
h
2. MultimediaProduction
3. MultimediaPresentation
4 AutomaticAuthoring.
4.
Automatic Authoring
1.MultimediaAuthoringMetaphors:Authoringistheprocessof
creatingmultimediaapplications.Mostauthoringprogramsuse
oneofseveralauthoringmetaphors,alsoknownasauthoring
paradigm.
paradigm
Somecommonauthoringmetaphorsare:
a. ScriptingLanguagemetaphor:Theideahereistouseaspecial
languagetoenableinteractivityandallowconditional,jumps,
loops functions macros e g open script language
loops,functions,macrose.g.openscriptlanguage
b. SlideShowmetaphor:Slideshowsarebydefaultalinear
presentation.Althoughtoolsexisttoperformjumpsinslide
shows,veryfewpractitionersusethem.
e.g.PowerPoint,ImageQ.
20

c.HierarchicalMetaphor:Hereusercontrollable
p
elementsareorganizedintoatreestructure.Sucha
metaphorisoftenusedinmenudrivenprograms.
d.Iconic/Flowcontrolmetaphor:Graphicaliconsare
/
p
p
availableintoolbox,andauthoringproceedsa
flowchartwithiconsattached.
e.g.AuthorwarebyMacromedia.
g
y
Someothertypesare:
1 FrameMetaphor
1.
Frame Metaphor
2. Card/ScriptingMetaphor.
3. Cast/ScoreScriptingmetaphor.
21

MultimediaProduction:AMultimediaprojectcaninvolvea
hostofpeoplewithspecializedskills.Multimediaproduction
caneasilyinvolveanartdirector,graphicsdesigner,production
artist,userinterfacedesigner,sounddesigner,2Dand3D
animator.
Thefinalpartisthedesignphasewhichincludesprototypingand
testing.Somemultimediadesignersuseanauthoringtool.User
testingisoffcourseextremelyimportantbeforethefinal
development phase.
developmentphase.
MultimediaPresentation:Thissectionincludessomeeffectsto
keepinmindforpresentingmultimediacontent.
a. GraphicsStyle:Manypresentationsaremeantforbusiness
displays rather than appearing on the screen Human visual
displays,ratherthanappearingonthescreen.Humanvisual
dynamicsareconsideredinregardtohowsuchpresentations
mustbeconstructed.
b. ColorprinciplesandGuidelines:Somecolorschemesandart
stylesarebestcombinedwithacertainthemeorstyle.A
generalhintisnottousetoomanycolors.

22

cc.Fonts:Foreffectivevisualcommunication,largefonts(18t036
Fonts: For effective visual communication large fonts(18 t0 36
points)arebest,withnomorethat68linesperscreen.
d.Animation
e.VideoTransition:indicatesachangetonextsession.
Vid T
iti
i di t
h
t
t
i
Someofthetechnicaldesignissuesonwhichoneshouldfocus
are:
1. Computerplatform(Windows,UNIX/Linuxetc.)
2. VideoFormatandResolution.
(NTSC,PAL,SECAM)1280X1024,32bit
3.MemoryandDiskspacerequirements.
4 Delivery Methods CDs,DVDs,Handwritten,Printouts,orEMail
4.DeliveryMethods
CDs DVDs Handwritten Printouts or EMail

23

AutomaticAuthoring:Bythistermonecanmeanthateitheran
Automatic
Authoring: By this term one can mean that either an
advancedhelperoramechanismtofacilitatecreationofmore
usefulmultimediadocumentforexistingsources.
Someimportanttermswhichoneshouldknoware:
a HypermediaDocument:Generallythreestepsareinvolvedin
a.
Hypermedia Document: Generally three steps are involved in
producingdocumentmeanttobeviewednonlinearly:
Informationgenerationorcapture.
Authoring
Publication.
Authoringisamajoraspectamongthethree.
b.ExternalizationVsLinearization
Includes hyperlinks which allows us the freedom to partially mimic
Includeshyperlinkswhichallowsusthefreedomtopartiallymimic
theauthorsthought.
c.SemiautomaticmigrationofHyperlink.
d.Hyperimages
Reference:Ch2,FundamentalsofMultimedia,ZeNian Li,pearson

24

 Some
Someothertypeofauthoringtools
other type of authoring tools
1. CardorPagebasedtools
2. Iconbased,eventdriventools
3. TimebasedandpresentationTools.
ProfessionalDevelopmentTools: Inadditiontoallhardware
equipmentsdescribedearlier,developersalsoneedsoftware
toolsforbuildingmultimediaapplications.
a.

TextEditingTools: Thesetoolsareusedtowritealetter,
invoice,usermanualforaprojectandotherdocuments.These
toolsaremostoftentoolsforanymultimediaproject.
e.g.Wordpad,MSWord,OpenOfficeWord.
25

 Features
FeaturesofTexteditingtools:
of Text editing tools:
1. OpeningExistingFiles,creatingnewfiles,savingitonsome
storagedeviceandprinting.
2 Findorreplacethetextfromadocumentofmultiplepages,
2.
Find or replace the text from a document of multiple pages
cut,copy,pasteofaselecteddocumentorwholefile.
3. Insertpagenumbersontop,bottomorcentreofthepage,
insert data symbol writing formula and equation insert
insertdata,symbol,writing,formulaandequation,insert
commentondocument.
4. Formatthefontofthetext,makingcolumnsinthe
document changing background color
document,changingbackgroundcolor.
5. Checkingthedocumentforspellingandgrammar,protect
thedocument.
6 Makingtableswithvariablenumbersofcolumnsandrows,
6.
Making tables with variable numbers of columns and rows
sortthetableandchangethestyleofthetable.
26

b.PresentationTools:Computerbasedpresentationtechnologyisusedto
communicate more efficiently with the students business delegates
communicatemoreefficientlywiththestudents,businessdelegates,
sponsorsandtheclients.Presentationtoolsarecurrentlythesingle
largestapplicationformultimediainbusiness.
Presentationtoolsallowsagreatvarietyofdeliverymodes.Themain
presentationtoolsare:
MicrosoftPowerPoint
CorelPresentation
MacromediaDirector
AdobeAcrobat
Adobe Acrobat
SomeoftheFeaturesofMSPowerPoint:
1. Youcancreateanewpresentationoropentheexistingone.
2. Whilecreatingthenewdocument,youcanalsotakehelpofthewizard
which will guide you to make it.
whichwillguideyoutomakeit.
3. Ithasoptiontomakevariousslidelayoutswithdifferentcolor
schemes.
4. Youcanapplyvariousanimatic stylesandslidetransitionmethods.

27

c.PaintingandDrawingtools:Theseareperhapsthemost
importantthingforallthemultimediaprojects.Paintingand
h f
ll h
l
d
d
Drawingaregenerallyinspiredbythebeautyinpeople,
naturalorlivingandnonlivingthings.
Features:
1. AllthedrawingtoolshavetheGUIwithmenu,toolbarsand
dialoguebox.
2 Toolstodrawastraightline,rectangulararea,circleand
2.
Tools to draw a straight line rectangular area circle and
basicshapes.
3. Pencildrawfreehandwithapencilanddifferentcolor
selectionoptions.
4. Erasertools
5. Supportfortestofdifferentsize,shapeandtype.
6. Goodcolorschemeswithdifferentoptions.
p
7. Paintbrushtool.
28

d.ImageEditingTools:Animageisaspatialrepresentationof
d
Image Editing Tools: An image is a spatial representation of
anobject.Imageeditingtoolsarerequiredtoreshapethe
existingimages.Theimageeditingtoolscanbeusedto
createanimagefromscratchaswellasimagefromscanner,
digital cameras files or from other painting and drawing
digitalcameras,filesorfromotherpaintinganddrawing
tools.
e.AnimationTools:Ananimationistoshowthestillimagesata
certainratetogiveitvisualeffects.Thevisualeffectsmight
b i
betimevaryingposition,shape,colororchangein
i
ii
h
l
h
i
orientationorfocus.Acomputerbasedanimationis
performedbyacomputerwithvariousgraphicaltools.
g
,
,
g
g
e.g.2Dand3DAnimator,Flash,ImageForge.
f.Plugins:Apluginisaseparateodemodulethatbehavesas
thoughitisapartofthewebbrowser.
e.g.AppleQuickTime,AdobeAcrobatReader,Macromedia
Flash Player
FlashPlayer
29

g.SoundEditingTools:Soundisakeycomponentin
editing.Thepresenceofsoundgreatlyenhancesthe
effectofapresentation.
e.g.SoundEditpro,Audioeditdeluxe,AudioEditorPro,
Goldwave digitalaudioeditor.
h.VideoEditingTools:Inthiscollectionofvideomaterialis
eithercompiledandalteredfromitsoriginalformto
createanewversion.
Types:
LinearEditing:followsamechanicalprocess,employsthe
g
p
p y
useofcamcorder,VCR,etc.
NonlinearEditing:isalmostdigital.Itworksonthe
principleofcutandpaste.
e.g.imovie,windowsmoviemaker,videoeditmagic.

30

LANandMultimedia

Multimediaplacesgreaterdemandonnetworkandsystem.
TypesofNetwork:LAN,WANandMAN

LAN LocalAreaNetwork
LANLocal
Area Network isrestrictedtoasmall
is restricted to a small
geographicalarea,usuallytoasmallnumberofstations.
SimilarlyWANreferstonetworksacrosscitiesand
countries.BetweenLANandWAN,thetermMANis
sometimes used
sometimesused.
LANsaredesignedtoallowresourcestobesharedbetween
personalcomputersorworkstations.Theresourcestobe
sharedcanincludehardware(e.g.,aprinter),software(e.g.,
an application program) or data
anapplicationprogram),ordata.

31

1.
2.
3
3.
4.

MostLANsuseabroadcasttechnique.InLANeachPCisequippedwith
Most
LANs use a broadcast technique In LAN each PC is equipped with
aninterfacethatisconnectedtoacable.ThePCstogetherwithafile
serverandassociatedperipheralssuchasprinterformsanodeofthe
network.
ThemostpopulartypeofLANspresentareEthernet
p p
yp
p
andTokenRing.
g
Someofthefunctionsare:
Runconventionalapplications.
Transferringfilesinformofpackets.
Playing games
Playinggames.
Watchingvideo/listeningaudio.
32

ThemaintechnologyonwhichLANtechnologyworksareIEEE802
reference model. LAN Basically works in two different layers.
referencemodel.LANBasicallyworksintwodifferentlayers.
OSI
TCP/IP
Application
Presentation
Session
Application
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet IPv4,IPv6
Data Link
DataLink
Network Access Token Ring Ethernet
NetworkAccessTokenRing,Ethernet
Physical
Physical 100/10BaseT,1000BaseT

y
gy g
y
y
ThetwolayersinwhichLANtechnologygenerallyworksarePhysical
andDataLinkLayer.InParticularDLLfunctionalityisenhanced
andisdividedinto
1.MediumAccessLayer(MAC):Thislayerassemblesordeassembles
framesupontransmissionandreception,performsaddressingand
p
p
,p
g
errorcorrectionandregulateserrorcontrol.

33

2.LogicalLinkLayer(LLC):Thislayerperformsflowanderror
control and MACLayer
controlandMAC
Layeraddressing.Italsoactsasaninterface
addressing. It also acts as an interface
tohigherlayers.
MetropolitanAreaNetwork(MAN):Ametropolitanarea
network (MAN) is designed to extend over an entire city It may
network(MAN)isdesignedtoextendoveranentirecity.Itmay
beasinglenetworksuchasacabletelevisionnetwork,orit
maybeameansofconnectinganumberofLANsintoalarger
network so that resources may be shared LANtoLAN
networksothatresourcesmaybesharedLAN
to LANaswellas
as well as
devicetodevice.
AMANmaybewhollyownedandoperatedbyaprivatecompany,oritmaybe
p
y p
p y
p
p y
aserviceprovidedbyapubliccompany,suchasalocaltelephonecompany.
ManytelephonecompaniesprovideapopularMANservicecalledSwitched
MultimegabitDataServices(SMDS).

Fig:MAN
34

 WideAreaNetwork(WAN):Awideareanetwork(WAN)
provideslongdistancetransmissionofdata,voice,image,
and video information over large geographical areas that
andvideoinformationoverlargegeographicalareasthat
maycompriseacountry,acontinent,oreventhewhole
world
IncontrasttoLANs(whichdependontheirownhardware
In contrast to LANs (which depend on their own hardware
fortransmission),WANsmayutilizepublic,leased,or
privatecommunicationdevices,usuallyincombinations,
and can therefore span an unlimited number of miles
andcanthereforespananunlimitednumberofmiles.
AWANthatiswhollyownedandusedbyasingle
companyisoftenreferredtoasanenterprisenetwork.

Fig:WAN
35

FollowingaresomeoftheactiveIEEE802subcommitteesandthe
areas they define:
areastheydefine:
1. 802.1(HigherlayerLANProtocol):Therelationshipbetween
the802.XstandardsandtheOSIreferencemodel,the
interconnection and management of the LANs
interconnectionandmanagementoftheLANs.
2. 802.2(LLC):Thegeneralstandardforlogicallinkcontrol.
3. 802.3(Ethernet):Mediumaccesscontrolandphysicallayer
specifications for Ethernet
specificationsforEthernet.
4. 802.5 TokenRing
5. 802.10 Security
6. 802.11WirelessLAN
7. 802.14 CableTVBasedbroadbandcommunicationnetwork
8. 802.16 Broadbandwireless.

36

 Ethernet:Itisastandardforphysicallayeraccess
developed by Xerox It is a packet switched bus network
developedbyXerox.Itisapacketswitchedbusnetwork.
ItisthemostpopularLANtilldate.Thisisakeystandard
givenbyIEEE802.3committeein1982.Inthisall
devices are logically connected in a line to a single cable
devicesarelogicallyconnectedinalinetoasinglecable.
TypesofEthernet:
1. Ethernet(Traditional)10Mbps
2. FastEthernet100Mbps
h
b
3. GigabitEthernet1Gbps
Onemajordrawbackisthatthisschemeisunsuitableto
someextentformultimediaapplicationsthatrequire
thetransmissionoflargeamountsoftimedependent
datalikevideoinacontinuousstream.

37

 SomeoftheEthernetStandardsare:
1 10Base5:suitablefornetworkthatconsistsofasmall
1.
10 Base 5: suitable for network that consists of a small
numberofworkstationsandperipherals.Maximumlength
is500meterandmaximumdiameteris2500meter.
2. 10BaseT:ThisworksonStarTopology.Eachnode
connectedtoacentralhub.Itisthebestsellingnetworktill
t dt
t l h b It i th b t lli
t
k till
dateformultimedianetworks.
3. IsochronousEthernet(IsoENET):DevelopedbyNational
g
g
SemiconductorsandIBMforasinglewiringscheme.It
givesa6Mbits/secservice.
4. 100BaseT:ItiscompatiblewithCSMA/CD.Itworkson
100Mbits/secinsegmentover100meterinlengthinstar
shaped configuration with a central repeater/hub with a
shapedconfigurationwithacentralrepeater/hubwitha
networkdiameterof250meters.
5. 100BaseVG:DevelopedbyHPandAT&TBellLabs.Ithas
allthefeaturesoftheexistingLANsalongwithadded
security and dedicated bandwidth It runs on voice
securityanddedicatedbandwidth.Itrunsonvoice
grade(VG)

38

LANSoftware
LAN
LANoperatingsystemisrequiredtooperateontheLANsystem.It
i
i
i d
h LAN
I
hasbasicallytwoaspects:
a.ServerSoftware
b Workstation Software
b.WorkstationSoftware
TherearevarioustypesofLANoperatingsystem.SomepopularLAN
operatingsystemare:
Novel Netware Ethernet
NovelNetware,Ethernet
Curves, ArcNet
LANServer,OmniNet
PC Net IBMPCLAN
PCNet,
IBM PC LAN
Etherlik Plus,etc.

39

APPLICATIONS
ImageProcessing
Image Processing
ImageEnhancement
MedicalImaging
di l
i

ScopeofResearch
Newauthoringsoftware.
VLAN.
40