n ANSYS Release 10.

0, you can use the PRSECT command to linearize the total stress along a
path. Linearizing decomposes the total stress into the membrane, bending, and peak stress
components. The stress intensity for each of these components can be compared to the appropriate
ASME Code limit. PRSECT will not, however, identify the appropriate stress category. Per Section
VIII, Division 2 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, stresses may be primary or
secondary depending on the loading conditions that produced them and/or their location. It is the
user`s responsibility to determine the appropriate stress category (and thus allowable limit).

On Mar 11, 2009, at 12:06 PM, Hothi, Jaspreet (E F PR GT EN 151) wrote:

> ses at the critical location to check with the
> allowable stresses. However I realised that linearising the stresses
> over a line gives me very conservative results. My question is
>
> Is there a proven technique to linearize the stresses over a surface
> instead of a line?
Read up on the reasons behind 'stress linearization.' There's a lot
of mis-understanding about the topic. The process is part of the ASME
Code methodology for separating stress arising from statically
determinate load components from stresses resulting from
indeterminate loading and from peak stresses. If it's done properly
it's never conservative.
Typically you consider the maximum calculated stress at a point of
stress concentration as a peak stress, subject to fatigue allowables.
By figuring the net bending moment and direct load from a through
thickness stress profile you can determine the equivalent bending and
direct stress resulting from combined determinate and indeterminate
loading, called secondary stress which is subject to lower allowables
than peak stresses but higher allowables than primary stress
resulting from statically determinate loads.
If you're going to use 'linearization' it needs to be done properly.
It's easy in a lot of cases, not so easy in others. For example a
corner detail in the neighborhood of the joint between a pressure
vessel head and an elliptical shell carries the primary membrane
stress, PR/h; a secondary stress due to statically indeterminate
loading developed by the deformation incompatibility between the
shell and the head and a localized peak stress at the corner detail.
The various components are easy to sort out. Not so easy is the
stress distribution at a lift point, since the determinate components
are not easily sorted out from the indeterminate loading.

Thermal stress is another matter because it has characteristics of

determinant and indeterminate loading--probably a good idea is to
consult the literature or the ASME Code for guidance. There's plenty
of literature, too.

Linearized Stress Using Nodal Locations for Path Results

in Workbench Mechanical 14.5
Posted on July 8, 2013 by Ted Harris
Postprocessing results along a path has been part of the Workbench Mechanical capability for several revs now. We
need to define a path as construction geometry on which to map the results unless we happen to have an edge in the
model exactly where we want the path to be or can use an X axis intersection with our model. You have the option to
snap the path results to nodal locations, but what if you want to use nodal locations to define the path in the first
place? Well see how to do this below.
For more information on picking your nodes, see the Focus blog entry written by Jeff Strain last
year:http://www.padtinc.com/blog/the-focus/node-interaction-in-mechanical-part-1-picking-your-nodes
The top level process for postprocessing result along a path is:
Define a Path as construction geometry
Insert a Linearized Stress result
Calculate the desired results along the path using the Linearized Stress item
The key here is to define the path using existing nodes. Why do that? Sometimes its easier to figure out where the
path should start and stop using nodal locations rather than figure out the coordinates some other way. So, lets see
how we might do that.
First, turn on the mesh via the Show Mesh button so that its visible for the path creation

From the Model branch in Mechanical, insert Construction Geometry

From the new Construction Geometry branch, insert a Path

Note that the Path must be totally contained by the finite element model, unlike in MAPDL.
If you know the starting and ending points of the path, enter them in the Start and End fields in the Details view
for the Path.

Otherwise, click on the Hit Point Coordinate button:

Pick the node location for the start point, click apply

Pick the node location for the end point, click apply

In the Solution branch, insert Linearized Stress (Normal Stress in this case); set the details:
Scoping method=Path
Select the Path just created
Set the Orientation and Coordinate System values as needed
Define Time value for results if needed

Results are displayed graphically along the pathK

Kas well is in an X-Y plot and a table

Besides normal stresses, membrane and bending, etc. results can be accessed using these techniques. So, the next
time you need to list or plot results along a path, remember that it can be done in Mechanical, and you can use nodal
locations to define the starting and ending points of the path.

Linearized Stress Value Calculation

Mechanica calculates the linearized stress values with respect to a local coordinate system
with the X axis aligned with the line from location 1 to location 2 and the origin at the
midpoint of the line from location 1 to location 2.
Mechanica first calculates the total local coordinate stress components at each point. It then
calculates membrane, bending stress, peak stress, and total stress as follows:

Membrane and bending stress values are obtained from numerical integration along the line
between location 1 and location 2 as follows:

where:
is any local stress component
L is the distance from location 1 to location 2

Total stress is the value calculated by Mechanica, and the peak stress is defined by:
Peak = Total (Membrane + Bending)
Peak, Total, and Bending Stresses vary along the line from location 1 to location 2;
however, membrane stress remains constant.
Mechanica then processes the component values of these stresses at each point to obtain
principal and von Mises stresses, using the standard formula for principal and von Mises
stress.
Note: The formula for peak and total stress applies for each component of stress, but not
for the principal or von Mises stress.
For axisymmetric models, similar formulas are used, with correction terms to account for
the offset of the neutral bending axis from the midpoint.
Return to Linearized Stress Report.