Measured

Identified
LOG10(N)
LOG10(N)
Squared difference
1.00
10.00
10.32
0.10
2.00
9.70
9.66
0.00
3.00
9.00
9.00
0.00
4.00
8.60
8.34
0.07
5.00
7.80
7.68
0.01
6.00
7.00
7.02
0.00
7.00
6.50
6.36
0.02
8.00
5.90
5.70
0.04
9.00
4.60
5.04
0.19
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.44
Time

Parameters
kmax
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identified

N= N0 * exp(-kmax * t)
For identification purposes reformulate
LOG10(N)=LOG10(N0)-kmax*t/LN(10)
as can be derived from

W.D. Bigelow and J.R. Esty 1920. The therma

Diseases, 27, 602

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.98
10.26
10.20
10.14
10.08
10.02
9.96
9.90
9.84
9.78
9.72
9.66
9.60
9.55
9.49
9.43
9.37
9.31
9.25
9.19
9.13
9.07
9.01
8.95
8.89
8.83
8.77
8.71
8.65
8.60
8.54
8.48

15.00
10.00
Log10(N)

5.00
0.00
0.00

2.00

Measured

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.42
8.36
8.30
8.24
8.18
8.12
8.06
8.00
7.94
7.88
7.82
7.76
7.70
7.64
7.59
7.53
7.47
7.41
7.35
7.29
7.23
7.17
7.11
7.05
6.99
6.93
6.87
6.81
6.75
6.69
6.63
6.58
6.52
6.46
6.40
6.34
6.28
6.22
6.16
6.10
6.04
5.98
5.92
5.86
5.80

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.74
5.68
5.63
5.57
5.51
5.45
5.39
5.33
5.27
5.21
5.15
5.09

Parameter val Standard Error

1.52
0.07
10.98
0.18

Mean Sum of Squared Error

Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
R-Square
R-Square adjusted
4D reduction is reached at

model identified

cation purposes reformulated as

LOG10(N0)-kmax*t/LN(10)
erived from
and J.R. Esty 1920. The thermal death point in relation to typical thermophylic organisms. Journal of Infectious
602

(N)

15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

Time
Measured

Identified

8.00

10.00

0.0628
0.2506
0.9835
0.9811
6.13 units of time

Measured Identified
LOG10(N) LOG10(N) Squared difference
1.00
10.00
10.02
0.00
2.00
9.70
9.61
0.01
3.00
9.00
9.10
0.01
4.00
8.60
8.52
0.01
5.00
7.80
7.87
0.00
6.00
7.00
7.17
0.03
7.00
6.50
6.42
0.01
8.00
5.90
5.62
0.08
9.00
4.60
4.78
0.03
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.18
Time

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.27
9.99
9.95
9.92
9.88
9.85
9.81
9.77
9.73
9.69
9.65
9.61
9.57
9.53
9.48
9.44
9.39
9.35
9.30
9.25
9.21
9.16
9.11
9.06
9.01
8.96
8.91
8.86
8.80
8.75
8.70
8.64

Parameters
delta
p
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identified

N/N0= 10**(-((t/delta)**p))
For identification purposes refor
LOG10(N)=LOG10(N0)-((t/delta)**p)
as can be derived from

P. Mafart, O. Couvert, S. Gaillard and I. Legue

application of the Weibull frequency distributio

12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

Measur

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.59
8.53
8.48
8.42
8.37
8.31
8.25
8.19
8.13
8.08
8.02
7.96
7.90
7.84
7.77
7.71
7.65
7.59
7.53
7.46
7.40
7.33
7.27
7.20
7.14
7.07
7.01
6.94
6.87
6.81
6.74
6.67
6.60
6.53
6.46
6.39
6.32
6.25
6.18
6.11
6.04
5.97
5.90
5.82
5.75

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.68
5.61
5.53
5.46
5.38
5.31
5.23
5.16
5.08
5.01
4.93
4.85

Parameter vStandard Error

2.68
1.41
10.27

Mean Sum of Squared Error

Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
R-Square
R-Square adjusted
4D reduction is reached at

0.38
0.15
0.21

tivation model identified

0= 10**(-((t/delta)**p))
identification purposes reformulated as
10(N)=LOG10(N0)-((t/delta)**p)
an be derived from

fart, O. Couvert, S. Gaillard and I. Leguerinel 2002. On calculating sterility in thermal preservation methods:
ation of the Weibull frequency distribution model. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 72, 107-113

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Time
Measured

Identified

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

0.0295
0.1719
0.9933
0.9911
7.21 units of time

Measured Identified
LOG10(N) LOG10(N) Squared difference
1.00
10.00
10.30
0.09
2.00
9.70
9.66
0.00
3.00
9.00
9.00
0.00
4.00
8.60
8.35
0.06
5.00
7.80
7.69
0.01
6.00
7.00
7.02
0.00
7.00
6.50
6.36
0.02
8.00
5.90
5.69
0.04
9.00
4.60
5.02
0.18
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.41
Time

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.93
10.24
10.19
10.13
10.07
10.01
9.95
9.90
9.84
9.78
9.72
9.66
9.60
9.55
9.49
9.43
9.37
9.31
9.25
9.19
9.14
9.08
9.02
8.96
8.90
8.84
8.78
8.72
8.66
8.60
8.55
8.49

Parameters
delta
p
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identified

N/N0= 10**(-((t/delta)**p))
For identification purposes refor
LOG10(N)=LOG10(N0)-((t/delta)**p)
as can be derived from

P. Mafart, O. Couvert, S. Gaillard and I. Legue

application of the Weibull frequency distributio
12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.

Me

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.43
8.37
8.31
8.25
8.19
8.13
8.07
8.01
7.95
7.89
7.83
7.77
7.71
7.65
7.59
7.54
7.48
7.42
7.36
7.30
7.24
7.18
7.12
7.06
7.00
6.94
6.88
6.82
6.76
6.70
6.64
6.58
6.52
6.46
6.40
6.34
6.28
6.22
6.16
6.10
6.04
5.98
5.92
5.86
5.80

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.74
5.68
5.62
5.56
5.50
5.44
5.38
5.32
5.26
5.20
5.14
5.08

Parameter vStandard Error

1.58
1.02
10.93

Mean Sum of Squared Error

Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
R-Square
R-Square adjusted
4D reduction is reached at

0.62
0.19
0.50

tivation model identified

0= 10**(-((t/delta)**p))
identification purposes reformulated as
10(N)=LOG10(N0)-((t/delta)**p)
an be derived from

fart, O. Couvert, S. Gaillard and I. Leguerinel 2002. On calculating sterility in thermal preservation methods:
ation of the Weibull frequency distribution model. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 72, 107-113

0(N)

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Time
Measured

Identified

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

0.0688
0.2623
0.9845
0.9793
6.22 units of time

Measured Identified
LOG10(N) LOG10(N) Squared difference
1.00
10.00
9.97
0.00
2.00
9.70
9.71
0.00
3.00
9.00
9.17
0.03
4.00
8.60
8.50
0.01
5.00
7.80
7.79
0.00
6.00
7.00
7.07
0.00
7.00
6.50
6.35
0.02
8.00
5.90
5.63
0.07
9.00
4.60
4.91
0.10
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.24
Time

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.05
9.96
9.94
9.93
9.91
9.89
9.86
9.84
9.81
9.78
9.75
9.71
9.67
9.63
9.59
9.55
9.50
9.45
9.40
9.35
9.30
9.24
9.19
9.13
9.07
9.01
8.95
8.89
8.83
8.77
8.71
8.65

Parameters
Sl (Shoulder length)
kmax
LOG10(N_res)
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identified

N= (N0- N_res) * exp(-kmax * t) * ( (e
For identification purposes refor
LOG10(N)= LOG10((10LOG10(N0)- 1
as can be derived from

A.H. Geeraerd, C.H. Herremans and J.F. Van

a mild heat treatment. International Journal of
12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.58
8.52
8.46
8.39
8.33
8.27
8.20
8.14
8.08
8.01
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.75
7.69
7.62
7.56
7.49
7.43
7.37
7.30
7.24
7.17
7.11
7.04
6.98
6.91
6.85
6.78
6.72
6.65
6.59
6.52
6.46
6.39
6.33
6.26
6.20
6.13
6.07
6.00
5.94
5.87
5.81
5.74

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.68
5.62
5.55
5.49
5.42
5.36
5.29
5.23
5.16
5.10
5.03
4.97

Parameter vStandard Error

1.87
0.58
Mean Sum of Squared Error
1.66
0.14
Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
-0.32
58842.45
R-Square
10.05
0.26
R-Square adjusted
Log10(Nres) is less than the minimal measured value.
Modeliswreached at
4D reduction
model identified
) * exp(-kmax * t) * ( (exp(kmax * Sl)))/(1+(exp(kmax * Sl) - 1) *exp(-kmax*t)))+N_res
ation purposes reformulated as
OG10((10LOG10(N0)- 10LOG10(N_res)) * exp(-kmax * t) * ( (exp(kmax * Sl)))/(1+(exp(kmax * Sl) - 1) *exp(-km
rived from

.H. Herremans and J.F. Van Impe 2000. Structural model requirements to describe microbial inactivation during
ment. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 59(3), 185-209

12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00
Time

Measured

Identified

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

0.0474
0.2177
0.9911
0.9857
7.48 units of time

+(exp(kmax * Sl) - 1) *exp(-kmax*t)))+10LOG10(N_res))

10.00

Measured Identified
LOG10(N) LOG10(N) Squared difference
1.00
10.00
9.97
0.00
2.00
9.70
9.71
0.00
3.00
9.00
9.17
0.03
4.00
8.60
8.50
0.01
5.00
7.80
7.79
0.00
6.00
7.00
7.07
0.00
7.00
6.50
6.35
0.02
8.00
5.90
5.63
0.07
9.00
4.60
4.91
0.10
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.24
Time

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.05
9.96
9.94
9.93
9.91
9.89
9.86
9.84
9.81
9.78
9.75
9.71
9.67
9.63
9.59
9.55
9.50
9.45
9.40
9.35
9.30
9.24
9.19
9.13
9.07
9.01
8.95
8.89
8.83
8.77
8.71
8.65

Parameters
Sl (Shoulder length)
kmax
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identified

N= N0 * exp(-kmax * t) * ( exp(kmax
For identification purposes refor
Log10(N) = Log10(N0) - kmax * t / Ln
as can be derived from

A.H. Geeraerd, C.H. Herremans and J.F. Van

a mild heat treatment. International Journal of
12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.58
8.52
8.46
8.39
8.33
8.27
8.20
8.14
8.08
8.01
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.75
7.69
7.62
7.56
7.49
7.43
7.37
7.30
7.24
7.17
7.11
7.04
6.98
6.91
6.85
6.78
6.72
6.65
6.59
6.52
6.46
6.39
6.33
6.26
6.20
6.13
6.07
6.00
5.94
5.87
5.81
5.74

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.68
5.62
5.55
5.49
5.42
5.36
5.29
5.23
5.16
5.10
5.03
4.97

Parameter vStandard Error

1.87
0.48
1.66
0.09
10.05
0.23

Mean Sum of Squared Error

Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
R-Square
R-Square adjusted
4D reduction is reached at

model identified
kmax * t) * ( exp(kmax * Sl))/(1+(exp(kmax * Sl) - 1) *exp(-kmax*t)))
ation purposes reformulated as
g10(N0) - kmax * t / Ln(10) + Log10(Exp(kmax * Sl) / (1 + (Exp(kmax * Sl) - 1) * Exp(-kmax * t)))
rived from

.H. Herremans and J.F. Van Impe 2000. Structural model requirements to describe microbial inactivation during
ment. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 59(3), 185-209
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00
Time

Measured

Identified

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

0.0395
0.1987
0.9911
0.9881
7.48 units of time

Exp(-kmax * t)))

Measured Identified
LOG10(N) LOG10(N) Squared difference
1.00
10.00
10.32
0.10
2.00
9.70
9.66
0.00
3.00
9.00
9.00
0.00
4.00
8.60
8.34
0.07
5.00
7.80
7.68
0.01
6.00
7.00
7.02
0.00
7.00
6.50
6.36
0.02
8.00
5.90
5.70
0.04
9.00
4.60
5.04
0.19
Least Sum of Squared Error
0.44
Time

Parameters
f
kmax1
kmax2
LOG10(N0)

Inactivation model identi

log10(N)=log10(N0)+log10(f*exp(-km
For identification purposes refor
log10(N)=log10(N0)+log10(f*exp(-km
as can be derived from

Cerf O. 1977. Tailing of survival curves of bac

0.00
1.09
1.18
1.27
1.36
1.45
1.54
1.63
1.72
1.81
1.90
1.99
2.08
2.17
2.26
2.35
2.44
2.53
2.62
2.71
2.80
2.89
2.98
3.07
3.16
3.25
3.34
3.43
3.52
3.61
3.70
3.79

10.98
10.26
10.20
10.14
10.08
10.02
9.96
9.90
9.84
9.78
9.72
9.66
9.60
9.55
9.49
9.43
9.37
9.31
9.25
9.19
9.13
9.07
9.01
8.95
8.89
8.83
8.77
8.71
8.65
8.60
8.54
8.48

12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

3.88
3.97
4.06
4.15
4.24
4.33
4.42
4.51
4.60
4.69
4.78
4.87
4.96
5.05
5.14
5.23
5.32
5.41
5.50
5.59
5.68
5.77
5.86
5.95
6.04
6.13
6.22
6.31
6.40
6.49
6.58
6.67
6.76
6.85
6.94
7.03
7.12
7.21
7.30
7.39
7.48
7.57
7.66
7.75
7.84

8.42
8.36
8.30
8.24
8.18
8.12
8.06
8.00
7.94
7.88
7.82
7.76
7.70
7.64
7.59
7.53
7.47
7.41
7.35
7.29
7.23
7.17
7.11
7.05
6.99
6.93
6.87
6.81
6.75
6.69
6.63
6.58
6.52
6.46
6.40
6.34
6.28
6.22
6.16
6.10
6.04
5.98
5.92
5.86
5.80

7.93
8.02
8.11
8.20
8.29
8.38
8.47
8.56
8.65
8.74
8.83
8.92

5.74
5.68
5.63
5.57
5.51
5.45
5.39
5.33
5.27
5.21
5.15
5.09

Parameter vStandard Error

0.0000 Err:512
3.00 Err:512
1.52 Err:512
10.98 Err:512

Please be aware that preferably at least 10 observations, as listed in c

Mean Sum of Squared Error
Root Mean Sum of Squared Error
R-Square
R-Square adjusted
4D reduction is reached at
tivation model identiThe parameter estimate for the fraction f is exactly zero. This indicates that th
0(N)=log10(N0)+log10(f*exp(-kmax1*t)+(1-f)*exp(-kmax2*t))
identification purposes reformulated as
0(N)=log10(N0)+log10(f*exp(-kmax1*t)+(1-f)*exp(-kmax2*t))
an be derived from

O. 1977. Tailing of survival curves of bacterial spores.Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 42, 1-19

12.00
10.00
8.00

Log10(N)

6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

Time
Measured

Identified

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

least 10 observations, as listed in columns A, B, are needed for a valid application of this model.
0.0879
0.2965
0.9835
0.9735
6.13 units of time
y zero. This indicates that the biphasic model is unlikely for these data.

9.00

10.00

tiempo

poblacion
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
9.7
9
8.6
7.8
7
6.5
5.9
4.6