Hurricane Lenny

Hurricane Lenny was the second-strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record.

It was the twelfth tropical storm, eighth hurricane, and record-breaking fifth Category
4 hurricane in the 1999 Atlantic hurricane season. Lenny formed on November 13 in
the western Caribbean Sea and maintained an unprecedented west-to-east track for its
entire duration. It attained hurricane status south of Jamaica on November 15 and
passed south of Hispaniola andPuerto Rico over the next few days. Lenny rapidly
intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November 17, attaining peak winds of
155 mph (250 km/h) about 21 mi (34 km) south of Saint Croix in the United States
Virgin Islands. It gradually weakened while moving through the Leeward Islands,
eventually dissipating on November 23 over the open Atlantic Ocean.
Before moving through the Lesser Antilles, Lenny produced rough surf that killed two
people in northern Colombia. Strong winds and rainfall resulted in heavy crop damage
in southeastern Puerto Rico. Despite the hurricane's passage near Saint Croix at peak
intensity, damage on the small island was only described as "moderate", although
there was widespread flooding and erosion. Damage in the United States territories
totaled about $330 million. The highest precipitation total was 34.12 in (867 mm) at
the police station on the French side of Saint Martin. On the island, the hurricane
killed three people and destroyed more than 200 properties. In nearby Antigua and
Barbuda, the hurricane killed one person; torrential rainfall there contaminated the
local water supply. Significant storm damage occurred as far south as Grenada, where
high surf isolated towns from the capital city.

Contents
1 Meteorological history
2 Preparations
3 Impact
3.1 Central Caribbean
3.2 Virgin Islands
3.3 Lesser Antilles
4 Aftermath

 5 See also
6 Notes
7 External links

Meteorological history

Map plotting the track and intensity of the storm according to the SaffirSimpson hurricane wind
scale

Hurricane Lenny began as a low-pressure area that was first observed in the
southwestern Caribbean Sea on November 8. It developed an area of convection but
remained poorly defined for the next few days. Thunderstorms spread across the
region, producing heavy rainfall in portions of Mexico and Central America. On
November 13, the system became better organized; a Hurricane Hunters flight later
that day discovered a surface circulation and winds of about 35 mph (55 km/h). The
data indicated thedevelopment of Tropical Depression Sixteen at 1800 UTC, about
175 mi (280 km) south of the Cayman Islands.[1] The depression's convection was
fairly disorganized, and the National Hurricane Center (NHC) did not anticipate any
strengthening for three days.[2] For much of its existence, the tropical
cyclone maintained a track from west to east across the Caribbean Sea, which was
unprecedented in the Atlantic hurricane database. The path resulted from its
movement along the southern end of atrough over the western Atlantic Ocean.[1]
After its formation, the depression gradually became better organized; [3] the NHC
upgraded it to Tropical Storm Lenny on November 14,[1] based on reports from the
Hurricane Hunters. When it was first upgraded to a tropical storm, the cyclone already
had winds of 65 mph (100 km/h) and a developing eye feature.[4] At 0000 UTC on
November 15, Lenny attained hurricane status about 175 mi (280 km) southwest
of Kingston, Jamaica.[1] The quick intensification was unexpected and occurred after a
large area of convection blossomed over the center. At the same time, Lenny
developed an anticyclone aloft, which provided favorable conditions for the
hurricane's development.[5] After moving east-southeastward during its initial
development stages, the hurricane turned more to the east on November 15. The

Hurricane Hunters reported winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), which indicated that Lenny
had become a Category 2 on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[6] However, the
cloud pattern subsequently became less organized as the eye disappeared, and Lenny's
winds weakened to 85 mph (140 km/h) while the hurricane passed south of
Hispaniola.[1] The NHC noted the deterioration could have been due to a disruption of
the storm's small inner core by "subtle environmental changes". After the sudden
weakening,[7] the Hurricane Hunters reported that the eye had reformed and the
hurricane's winds had reached 100 mph (160 km/h). At the time, a ridge was expected
to build to Lenny's east and turn the storm northeastward into Puerto Rico 24 hours
later.[8]
Beginning on November 16, Hurricane Lenny underwent a 24-hour period of rapid
deepening, reaching major hurricane status about 165 mi (265 km) south of the Mona
Passage.[1] It developed well-definedbanding features, good outflow, and a circular eye
that was visible from the radar in San Juan, Puerto Rico.[9] The hurricane continued to
become better organized, with an eye 29 mi (46 km) in diameter surrounded by a
closed eyewall.[10] Around 1200 UTC on November 17, Lenny intensified into a
Category 4 hurricane while approaching the islands of the northeastern Caribbean. It
was the fifth storm of such intensity in the year, setting the record for most Category 4
hurricanes in a season.[1] The hurricane then made its closest approach to Puerto Rico,
passing about 75 mi (121 km) southeast of Maunabo.[11]Shortly thereafter, Lenny
attained peak winds of 155 mph (250 km/h) while passing 21 mi (33 km) south of the
island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.[1] This made it the secondstrongest hurricane on record to form during the month of November.[12] At the time,
Lenny was also one of only four November major hurricanes, [11] but it was later joined
by Hurricane Michelle in 2001 and Hurricane Paloma in 2008.[13] Hurricane Hunters
reported Lenny's peak winds in the southeastern portion of the hurricane; the group
also reported a minimum pressure of 933 mbar, a drop of 34 mbar in 24 hours. In
addition, a dropsonde recorded winds of 210 mph (339 km/h) while descending to the
surface, the highest dropsonde wind speed recording in a hurricane at the time. [1]
Around the time it peaked in intensity, Lenny's forward speed decreased in response to
light steering currents between two ridges. Despite favorable conditions for
strengthening, the hurricane weakened as it turned to an eastward drift, possibly due
to the upwelling of cooler waters. Late on November 18, Lenny's eye moved
over Saint Martin with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h). After continued weakening, the
hurricane struck Anguilla and Saint Barthlemy the next day. It turned southeastward
while still drifting, bringing heavy rainfall and strong winds to the islands across the
northeastern Caribbean.[1] Late on November 19, Lenny weakened to tropical storm
intensity after increased wind shear exposed the cyclone's center from the deepest
convection.[1][14] Early on November 20, the storm made landfall on Anguilla,
[1]
although by then the center had become difficult to locate. [15] Later that day, the

cyclone exited the Caribbean,[16] continuing its southeast track. On November 21,
Lenny turned to the northeast and weakened to a tropical depression. [1] The deep
convection was located at least 100 mi (160 km) east of the increasingly elongated
center.[17] Lenny turned to the east for the final time early on November 22, dissipating
the next day about 690 mi (1110 km) east of the Lesser Antilles.[1]

Preparations

Hurricane Lenny south of Saint Croix

Early in Lenny's duration, a tropical storm warning and hurricane watch were issued
for Jamaica. Later, a hurricane watch was issued for the southern coast of Hispaniola,
and a tropical storm warning was also issued for the Dominican Republic. [1] Haitian
officials declared a state of alert in three southern provinces and allocated about
$1 million (1999 USD) in hurricane funds.[18] Residents in flood-prone areas were
advised to evacuate in southern Haiti and in the neighboring Dominican Republic. [19][20]
A hurricane watch was issued for Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands late on
November 15, which was upgraded to a hurricane warning six hours later.[1] By that
time, Lenny was projected to move over Puerto Rico. [8] After Lenny made its closest
approach to the island, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm
warning on November 17, which was discontinued the following day along with the
advisories in the Virgin Islands.[1] In Puerto Rico, the media maintained continuous
coverage on the hurricane based on statements and warnings from the San
Juan National Weather Service office. Based on the coverage, the public was well
informed of the hurricane's threat to the island. Before the storm and as a result of its
impact, around 4,700 people evacuated to 191 shelters. This included 1,190 residents
in Ponce who evacuated to 27 schools, as well as 584 people in western Puerto Rico.
[21]
Officials closed all schools, banned the sale of alcohol, and ordered a freeze on the
price of emergency supplies.[22] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
activated six medical assistance teams, three medical support teams, and two advance
medical assessment units. The agency stored five days' worth of food in schools in the
U.S. Virgin Islands.[23] Before the hurricane's arrival, U.S. Virgin Islands

governor Charles Wesley Turnbull declared a state of emergency.[24] In St. Croix,

309 people rode out the storm in shelters.[11] Officials opened eight shelters in
the British Virgin Islands.[21] There, airlines and hotels assisted in evacuating tourists
from the area.[25]
Governments across the eastern Caribbean issued hurricane warnings as far south
as Montserrat.[1] In Anguilla, residents near the coast were advised to evacuate.
Schools closed ahead of the storm, and the ferry between the island and Saint Martin
was halted and moved to a safe location. In Saint Kitts and Nevis, the National
Emergency Management Agency was activated on November 16. Officials there
advised residents living near ghauts to evacuate, and one shelter was located in each
district of the country. In addition, stores were open for longer hours to allow people
to stock up on supplies.[26] Most businesses and schools were closed in Antigua and
Barbuda during the storm, while in Dominica, the airport was closed. [27] Further south,
there was little warning for the hurricane in Grenada, and most people left their boats
in the water.[28]

Impact
Death Toll by Area
State/country

Deaths

Colombia

Saint Martin

Guadeloupe

Martinique

Offshore

6
Total

17

Across the eastern Caribbean, Hurricane Lenny damaged vital infrastructure,

including roads and piers in the tourism-dependent islands. Most of the islands'
tourism areas were on western-facing beaches, many of which were unprepared for
the high waves and winds produced by Lenny.[29]

Central Caribbean
Early in its existence, Lenny produced large waves and high tides along the Guajira
Peninsula in Colombia,[1] sinking two boats and flooding 1,200 houses. There were
also reports of flooded businesses and damaged crops. In the country, strong winds on
the storm's fringe killed a man by striking him with a beam. Although there were
initial reports of nine people missing, [18] only two were counted in the death toll for
mainland Colombia.[1] Two sailors were killed offshore when their yacht was lost in
the southern Caribbean Sea.[1]
Along the ABC Islands off the north coast of Venezuela, the hurricane produced 10to-20 ft (3-to-6 m) waves along the southwest coastlines.[30] The waves caused heavy
beach erosion and coastal damage to properties and boats. [31]
In Jamaica, the hurricane dropped heavy rainfall but left little damage. Rains in the
Dominican Republic caused flooding in the country's southwest portion. [20] Flooding
around Les Cayes in southwestern Haiti destroyed 60 percent of the rice, corn, and
banana plantations, while high waves wrecked several houses in Cavaellon.[22]
Hurricane Lenny was originally forecast to strike Puerto Rico, although it remained
south of the island.[1] Beginning on November 17, Lenny affected Puerto Rico with
gusty winds and heavy rainfall. Rainfall in the days prior to Lenny's approach left
areas susceptible to flooding, which caused many rivers in the northeastern portion of
the island to overflow their banks following the storm. Such flooding forced towns to
evacuate along the rivers, and also resulted in the closure of secondary and primary
highways. The heavy rains also caused mudslides and rockslides. [11] The peak rainfall
on the island was 14.64 in (372 mm) in Jayuya in central Puerto Rico.[32] Tides in San
Juan were about 1.8 ft (0.55 m) above normal. There, high seas washed a 546-ft (166
m) freighter ashore. Winds in the Puerto Rican mainland were not significant, gusting
to 48 mph (77 km/h) in Ceiba. The storm left 22,000 people without power and
103,000 people without water.[11] Because of the heavy rainfall, about 200 farmers in
southeastern Puerto Rico sustained about $19 million in crop damage (1999 USD). In
the affected region, the heavy rainfall destroyed 80 percent of the vegetables and
50 percent of the plantains. Damage throughout the island totaled $105 million
(1999 US).[33]

Virgin Islands

Property damage on the island of Saint Croix

After passing southeast of Puerto Rico, Hurricane Lenny struck St. Croix in the
United States Virgin Islands, although its strongest winds remained southeast of the
island. There, gusts reached 112 mph (180 km/h), while sustained winds officially
peaked around 70 mph (120 km/h). Strong winds damaged the roofs of many houses
in eastern St. Croix[1] and knocked down trees and power lines. The winds left severe
damage to vegetation after fruits and vegetables were blown away. Rainfall peaked at
10.47 in (266 mm),[32] which caused widespread flooding of many properties in the
island's western portion. In Frederiksted, the hurricane produced a storm surge of 15
20 ft (4.56 m)[1] along with high waves that washed out roads and damaged coastal
structures. There was also severe beach erosion in western St. Croix; high waves
dumped 6.5 ft (2 m) of sand onto coastal roads about 100 ft (30 m) inland,[11] and also
washed several boats ashore.[1] The National Weather Service described the damage as
"moderate".[11]
Elsewhere in the U.S. Virgin Islands, Lenny produced a storm surge of about 1.8 ft
(0.55 m) in St. Thomas.[1] Sustained winds on the island reached 53 mph (85 km/h) at
the Cyril E. King Airport, with gusts to 70 mph (120 km/h). On nearby St. John, wind
gusts reached 92 mph (148 km/h). Rains were not as heavy as on St. Croix; the
maximum amounts were 4.34 in (110 mm) on St. Thomas and 2.95 in (75 mm) on St.
John. Both islands reported beach erosion along their southern coastlines. [11]Damage
on St. Thomas was minimal, limited to minor flooding and mudslides. The Virgin
Islands National Park in St. John reported over $1.6 million in damage (1999 USD).
[33]
In Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, the hurricane left about $330 million in
damage (1999 USD), but caused no deaths.[1]
In Virgin Gorda in the nearby British Virgin Islands, the hurricane produced sustained
winds of 55 mph (89 km/h), with gusts to 85 mph (137 km/h). Rainfall amounted to
around 4 in (100 mm)[1] and caused a mudslide near Coxheath. High waves eroded a
portion of Sir Francis Drake Highway, and the high winds destroyed the roof of an
apartment.[21] Property damage in the British Virgin Islands totaled $5.6 million

(1999 USD); however, the damage combined with the loss of tourism and productivity
yielded a loss of $22 million to the islands' economy, or 3.1 percent of the gross
domestic product.[34]
Lesser Antilles

Rainfall totals from Lenny

The eye of Lenny moved over Anguilla, an island located east of the British Virgin
Islands.[1] Localized flooding was reported,[35] including in the capital,The Valley,
where waters reportedly reached a depth of 14 ft (4.3 m).[36] The hurricane struck only
a month after Hurricane Jose had affected the region, causing significant beach
erosion along Anguilla's coastline.[37] Damage from Lenny amounted to $65.8 million.
[38]

Saint Barthlemy and the SSS Islands, which include Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Saint
Martin, were in the path of Hurricane Lenny on November 18 through 19.[1] On Saint
Barthlemy, the hurricane produced record-breaking precipitation of around 15 in
(380 mm). Waves reached 16 ft (4.9 m) on the island's western portion.[1] On Saba,
there was an unofficial wind gust of 167 mph (268 km/h) before the instrument blew
away. The island sustained damage to several buildings, including airport facilities.
[1]
The highest precipitation related to the storm occurred at the police station on the
French side of Saint Martin, where a total of 34.12 in (867 mm) was recorded.[32] This
included a record 24-hour total of 18.98 in (482 mm). On the Dutch side of the island,
rainfall peaked at 27.56 in (700 mm) in Philipsburg.[1] The rains resulted in mudslides
and flooding and were the primary form of impact on the island. For 36 hours, Saint
Martin experienced tropical storm conditions, and there were three times when the
winds surpassed hurricane force. Sustained winds on the island peaked at 84 mph
(135 km/h) at the Princess Juliana International Airport;[31] these were the highest
sustained winds observed on land.[1] The airport also reported a wind gust of 104 mph
(167 km/h).[31]

Due to the hurricane's unusual track from the west, it produced unparalleled waves of
1016 (35 m) along the western coast of St. Martin,[31] which damaged or destroyed
many boats.[1] During its passage, Lenny left widespread damage to the infrastructure,
including to the airport, harbor, resorts, power utilities, schools, and hospitals. [39] As a
result, the three SSS Islands sustained power and telephone outages. [40]There was
widespread destruction of the roofs of houses across the island, [39] and over 200 houses
were destroyed.[41] Damage was estimated at $69 million,[39] and there were three deaths
on the Dutch side of St. Martin.[31] Two of these deaths were from flying debris, and
the other was due to a collapsed roadway.[1]
While passing over Antigua, Hurricane Lenny dropped 18.32 in (465 mm) of rain at
the V. C. Bird International Airport, while locations in the southern portion recorded
over 25 in (640 mm).[1] The rainfall caused severe flooding in Antigua, resulting in
landslides in the northwestern and southern portion of the island. [29] Flooding washed
out major roadways, including one bridge. [42] Along the coast, the storm caused severe
beach erosion. About 65 percent of Barbuda experienced flooding due to the rainfall
and the island's flat topography. The flooding contaminated the water storage facilities
and all private wells.[29]About 95 percent of the crops in Barbuda were destroyed.
[43]
Damage in the country of Antigua and Barbuda totaled $51.3 million,[29] and there
was one death.[44]
The hurricane's waves reached 20 ft (6.1 m) along the coasts of Saint Kitts and Nevis,
washing up to 600 ft (180 m) inland. Several businesses were flooded, and some
beach erosion was reported.[35] The hurricane destroyed 46 homes and damaged
332 others to varying degree.[44] Home damage forced four families to evacuate.
[35]
Heavy rains caused mudslides on Saint Kitts, [1] and heavy damage occurred inOld
Road Town.[45] Damage in the country amounted to $41.4 million.[42] In Montserrat,
damage was reported along its western coastline. [35] After high waves capsized a boat,
a crew of three required rescue.[46] Guadeloupe received record precipitation amounts
in some areas, generally ranging from 6 to 12 inches (150 to 300 mm). On GrandeTerre, the eastern island of Guadeloupe, the hurricane produced asignificant wave
height of 9.8 ft (3.0 m), with estimates as high as 13 ft (4.0 m). The extent of damage
was from waves in the western portion of the island and from unrelated flooding
inland. There were five deaths in Guadeloupe. [1]
In Dominica, high waves damaged the island's western coastal highway, leaving the
most heavily traveled road temporarily closed. [29] Road closures cut off links between
towns on the island.[35] The hurricane destroyed at least 50 homes,[47] including 3 that
were washed away by the waves.[27] Hotels along the island's west coast sustained
heavy damage, and across the nation the hurricane's impact was worse than that
from Hurricane Luis four years prior.[47] Damage on the island totaled $21.5 million.
[29]
Rainfall of around 3 in (76 mm) reached as far south as Martinique, where one

person was killed.[32] Further south, high waves in Saint Lucia washed away beaches, a
seawall, and coastal walkways.[29] At least 40 houses were damaged along the coast,
which left several families homeless. [40] Damage in the country totaled $6.6 million.
[29]
In Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the hurricane washed away four buildings and
damaged five others.[35] About 50 people were left homeless in the country.[41]
In western Grenada, high waves affected much of the coastline, [29] destroying 21 small
boats and causing significant beach erosion. [1][29] The waves covered the entire Grand
Anse Beach in Saint George Parish. The erosion heavily impacted tourist areas and
also threatened the foundation of the runway at the Maurice Bishop International
Airport. Storm damage cut off the towns in western Grenada from the capital city
of Saint George's. The cut-off roads resulted in an island-wide fuel shortage.
[29]
In Saint John Parish, the storm knocked out the water and power supply and forced
several families to evacuate their damaged houses. [47] The small island Carriacou,
located north of Grenada, sustained damage to the road to its primary airport. [29] At
least 10 homes were destroyed in the country,[1] and damage totaled $94.6 million; this
represented 27 percent of the island's gross domestic product. [29] Effects from the storm
reached as far south as Trinidad and Tobago.[29] In the country, storm surge caused
damage to boats and coastal structures, while beach erosion was reported in Tobago. [48]

Aftermath

Damage to the Frederiksted Pier in St. Croix

Following heavy damage to the coral reef around Curaao, workers placed reef
balls to assist in replenishing the damaged structure. [49] In Puerto Rico, workers
quickly responded to power and water outages. Similarly on Saint Croix, power
systems were quickly restored.[50] On November 23, U.S. President Bill
Clinton declared the U.S. Virgin Islands a disaster area. This allocated federal funding
for loans to public and private entities and provided 75 percent of the cost of debris
removal.[51] By December 10, nearly 3,000 residents had applied for assistance, mostly
on St. Croix. In response, the federal government provided about $480,000 to the
affected people.[52] The United States Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance provided
$185,000, mostly directed toward the United Nations Development Programme, for

aid to other islands in the eastern Caribbean. Other agencies, including the Caribbean
Development Bank, the United Kingdom's Department for International
Development, and the European Union, provided $1.1 million in assistance.[29]
In response to the damage on Saint Martin, officials in the Netherlands Antilles issued
an appeal to the European Parliament for assistance from the international community.
[39]
Due to their small population and area, the small islands of the eastern Caribbean
required international funding to repair the damage from the hurricane and return to
normal. In Antigua and Barbuda, officials worked quickly to repair roads and clean
Barbuda's water system.[29] However, 20,000 people in Antigua remained without
water for a week after the hurricane, and the stagnant water caused an increase in
mosquitoes.[42] The government of Dominica provided 42 families with temporary
shelters. With a loan from the Caribbean Development Bank, the government worked
to complete a sea wall along a highway south of its capital Roseau. The Saint Lucian
government provided housing to 70 families. In Grenada, workers repaired the road
system to allow fuel transportation across the island and began to reclaim land near its
airport to mitigate erosion.[29] Regions in Antigua and Grenada were declared disaster
areas.[44][53] Across the eastern Caribbean, local Red Cross offices provided food and
shelter to affected citizens.[47] High damage to tourist areas caused a decrease in cruise
lines. A damaged hotel in Nevis left 800 people unemployed due to its closure.[54]
Due to its effects, the name Lenny was retired by the World Meteorological
Organization and will never again be used for an Atlantic hurricane. [55] The name
was replaced with Lee in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season.[56]

See also
List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
List of retired Atlantic hurricane names
List of South America tropical cyclones

Notes
1.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao John L.

Guiney (1999-12-09). Hurricane Lenny Preliminary Report (Report). National Hurricane
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2.

Jump up^ Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-13). Tropical Depression Sixteen

Discussion One (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-23.

3.

Jump up^ Richard Pasch (1999-11-14). Tropical Depression Sixteen Discussion

Two (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-23.

4.

Jump up^ Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-14). Tropical Storm Lenny Special

Discussion Five (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-23.

5.

Jump up^ Richard Pasch (1999-11-15). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Seven (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-24.

6.

Jump up^ Jack Beven (1999-11-15). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Eight (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-24.

7.

Jump up^ Richard Pasch (1999-11-16). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Eleven (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-24.

8.

^ Jump up to:a b Jack Beven (1999-11-16). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Twelve (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-28.

9.

Jump up^ Lixion Avila (1999-11-16). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Fourteen (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-29.

10.

Jump up^ Richard Pasch (1999-11-16). Hurricane Lenny Discussion

Fifteen (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-29.

11.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h Preliminary Storm Report on Hurricane Lenny November

1619 1999 (Report). San Juan, Puerto Rico National Weather Service Office.
Retrieved 2011-07-30.

12.

Jump up^ Michael Brennan (2009-01-26). Hurricane Paloma Tropical Cyclone

Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-29.

13.

Jump up^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division (May 7,

2015). "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)". United States National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 24, 2015.

14.

Jump up^ Lixion Avila (1999-11-19). Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion TwentySix (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-30.

15.

Jump up^ Miles B. Lawrence (1999-11-20). Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion

Twenty-Seven (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-30.

16.

Jump up^ James Franklin (1999-11-20). Tropical Storm Lenny Discussion

Twenty-Eight (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-30.

17.

Jump up^ James Franklin (1999-11-21). Tropical Depression Lenny Discussion

Thirty-Two (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-30.

18.

^ Jump up to:a b "One death blamed on Hurricane Lenny; still threatens

Caribbean". ReliefWeb. Agence France-Presse. 1999-11-16. Retrieved 2011-08-14.

19.

Jump up^ "Hurricane Lenny Gains Strength, Threatens Islands". ObserverReporter. Associated Press. 1999-11-16. Retrieved 2011-08-14.

20.

^ Jump up to:a b Michael Norton (1999-11-14). "Late hurricane threatens Haiti,

Puerto Rico".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved 2011-08-14.

21.

^ Jump up to:a b c "NEAC Chairman Looks at Impact of Recent Hurricanes on the

BVI". Island Sun. Retrieved 2011-08-16.

22.

^ Jump up to:a b "Hurricane Lenny threatens Puerto Rico". BBC. 1999-11-17.

Retrieved 2011-10-10.

23.

Jump up^ Federal Emergency Management Agency (1999-11-17). "FEMA

Mobilizes in Response to Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

24.

Jump up^ Cynthia Long (1999-11-17). "Hurricane Lenny heads for Puerto Rico,
Virgin Islands". DisasterRelief.org. ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

25.

Jump up^ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-1116). "CDERA Situation Report # 2 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-1010.

26.

Jump up^ Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-1116). "Situation Report # 3 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

27.

^ Jump up to:a b International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
(1999-11-18). "Caribbean Hurricane Lenny Alert". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

28.

Jump up^ Peter Coles (2003). "The time of sands...". UNESCO. Retrieved 201110-11.

29.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Hurricane Lenny Recovery in the Eastern

Caribbean" (DOC). USAID. 2000-04-17. Retrieved 2011-09-28.

30.

Jump up^ Anja M. Scheffers (2002). "Paleotsunami Evidences from Boulder

Deposits on Aruba, Curaao and Bonaire" (PDF). The International Journal of
the Tsunami Society20 (1): 32. Retrieved 2011-09-21.

31.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e Hurricanes and Tropical Storms in the Netherlands Antilles

and Aruba (PDF) (Report). Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Meteorological Service. April
2010. Retrieved 2011-09-21.

32.

^ Jump up to:a b c d David Roth (2006-05-04). "Hurricane Lenny - November 14

21, 1999". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved 2011-05-28.

33.

^ Jump up to:a b Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports
and Corrections (PDF)(Report) 41 (11). National Climatic Data Center. November 1999.
Retrieved 2012-04-08.

34.

Jump up^ Jerinice Stoutt (2005-11-21). "Impact of Hurricanes on the BVI

Economy". Government of the British Virgin Islands. Retrieved 2011-08-16.

35.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency (1999-1118). "Post Impact Report #1 - Hurricane Lenny". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2011-10-10.

36.

Jump up^ Gillian Cambers (December 1999). "Late Hurricanes: a Message for
the Region". UNESCO. Retrieved 2011-10-11.

37.

Jump up^ Wycliffe Richardson (1999-11-18). "Hurricane Lenny Batters St.

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External links
National Hurricane Center Preliminary Report on Lenny
Hurricane Lenny's trajectory
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center Rainfall Report on Lenny

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?

title=Hurricane_Lenny&oldid=663741712"
Categories:
1999 Atlantic hurricane season
Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
Hurricanes in Antigua and Barbuda
Hurricanes in Jamaica
Hurricanes in Puerto Rico
Hurricanes in Saint Barthlemy
Hurricanes in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Hurricanes in Saint Martin
Hurricanes in Sint Maarten
Hurricanes in the Leeward Islands
Hurricanes in the United States Virgin Islands
Retired Atlantic hurricanes
1999 in Colombia
1999 in Puerto Rico
1999 in the United States Virgin Islands
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