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Lesson 2: Illustrating Ratio and Proportion

Elicit
1. Express the following as ratios: (a) , (b) 2/5, (c) 5/6
2. In the following ratios, how many times is one value as large as the other?
(a) 4 : 8
(b) 12 : 6
(c) 3 : 8

Reflect: How did you express fractions as ratios?

Engage
What is the ratio of the number of white to the number of
black marbles of Alfie? What about Jackie, what is the ratio of the
number of white marbles to the number of black marbles?
Are the ratios equal?

Alfies marbles

Jacks marbles

Reflect: What do you want to know about ratio and proportion?

Explore
Look at the two fraction bars at the right. What fractions do
their shaded parts show?
Are the two fractions equal? How do we show that the two fractions are equal?
1 2
=
3 6
How do we express the fractions above in ratios? Are the two ratios equal? How do we
express that two ratio are equal?
1
2
1 :3 and
2:6
3
6
We use equal symbol or = also to show that two ratios are equal. The two equal ratios below
show a proportion.
1:3=2 :6
What ratio represents the number of circles and the number of
diamonds in the first figure? How about in the second figure? Are the
two ratios equal? How do we express two equal ratios?
One of the many uses of proportion is in baking or
cooking a recipe. The table shows ratios of the amount of
ingredients in a recipe.

No of
Serving
1
2
3
4
5

Eggs
1
2
3
4
5

Cups of
flour
4
8
12
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16
20

What are the two quantities being compared? What happens to


the ingredients as the number of serving increases? Is the number
of eggs proportional to the number of cups of flour?

Explain
Below are the ideas you should have learned in this lesson. Can you explain each one
of them with one of your classmates? Check those you understood well and cross out those
where you need further explanation.
1. A proportion is the equality of two ratios. When two ratios are equal, they are said to be
proportional.
2. If two ratios are proportional, the number of times one value is as large as another is the
same for the two ratios. For example, 3 : 6 = 12 : 24. In the first ratio, 6 is 2 times as
large as 3 and in the second ratio, 24 is also 2 times as large as 12.
3. If the ratios are expressed as fractions, we can use the equal (=) symbol to indicate the
1 4

2 8

proportion. For example,


is a statement of proportion. We say that is
proportional to 4/8. Recall that in the past lesson, we can check that two fractions are
equal by getting the cross-products, that is,

1 4

2 8

since 1 x 8 = 2 x 4, therefore the


fractions are equal and the statement is proportional.
4. If the ratios are expressed using the colon symbol (:), it is more appropriate to use the
1 4

2 8

double colon (::) instead of the equal symbol. For example,


can be also written as
1:2 :: 4:8. We read this as one is to two as to four is to eight. However, it is still
correct to write the proportion as 1:2 = 4:8 which can be read as one is to two equal 4:8.
These three representations of a proportion are all correct.
5. We can represent a proportion with a figure. Using triangles and squares, we can draw
the figure corresponding to the proportion 1:2 :: 2:4, as follows:

Elaborate
Answer the following.
In your own words, explain what a proportion is.
1. Given the ratio 2:3, find other ratios that form a proportion with it. Write the proportion
in three different ways using symbols. Express the proportion in words.
2. Why is the statement 3:5 :: 6:9 NOT a proportion. Change one element (or
one of the numbers to make the proportion correct.

3. Explain the statement: The amount of harvest in a mango farm is proportional to the
number of mango trees.
4. Give real-life example of a proportion.

Evaluate

120

A. Do the following.
1. Identify the ratio/s is/are NOT equal to 3:4?
a. 15:20
b. 6:8
c. 12:18
d. 18:24
e. 30:40
2. Show whether or not the following is a proportion:
a. 2:3 :: 4:6
b. 2:7 = 6:21
c. 5:9 :: 18:10
d. 7:5 :: 21:15
3. Find three ratios that are proportional to 2:5.
B. Answer the following. Explain your answers.
1. How do we test whether two ratios are proportional?
2. Why is 2:3 not proportional to 3:4?
3. If two ratios are proportional to a third ratio, are the two ratios proportional? Give example.
4. Michelle and her sister Khrizna sells avocados and santol. In the basket of Michelle, there
are 3 avocados and 7 santols. In Khriznas basket, there are 12 avocados and 28 santols.
Draw a figure to represent the situation. Are the numbers of avocado and santol in the
baskets proportional?
C. Sketch a figure that models the following proportion
1. 4:5 = 8:10
2. 6:8 = 3:4
3. 1: 1 = 2:2
D. Follow the directions to make a proportional size of the picture
below.
1. Construct a 10 by 10 grid on a piece of paper whose interval is
thrice as large as that of the grid of the picture.
2. Copy the picture of our national hero on the larger grid.
a. Who is in the picture?
b. Is the picture you drew proportional in size to that of the
picture in the book? Explain or show proofs.

Pause & Reflect


Are you happy with the result of your evaluation? Why?
What concepts are clear to you?
What concepts are still not clear to you?
What is the most desirable value or attitude that you have developed in this lesson?

Extend
Study the table on the right which shows the amount of gasoline
for every kilometer distance traveled by a brand new car on
break-in.
a. What is the ratio of the amount of gasoline to the distance
traveled?

Amount of Gas
(L)
1
2
3
4
5
6

Distance
traveled (Km)
14
28
42
56
70
84

121

b. Is the distance traveled proportional to the amount of gas


used? Why? Illustrate with examples by setting sets of
proportion.

122

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