Porepressurepredictionusingseismic

Drillingengineersrequireestimatesofthefluidpressuresthattheyarelikelytoencounterinanygivenwelltoanticipatemudweightsrequiredtomaintainoptimaldrillingratesand
safety.Inaddition,thelocationsofanomalousporepressureregionsareofinterestinexplorationbecausetheyoften:
Correlatewithhighlyproductivesweetspotsinotherwisetightgassands[1]
Provideconstraintsonbasinevolution[2][3]
Maycorrespondtodensityofopenfractures,includingbeddingplanefractures.[4]

Contents
1Seismicvelocitiesforporepressureprediction
2References
3NoteworthypapersinOnePetro
4Externallinks
5Seealso

Seismicvelocitiesforporepressureprediction
Becauseseismicvelocitiescorrelatewitheffectivepressureintheformation,sufficientlypreciseestimatesofvelocityobtainedfromseismicobservationscanbeusedtodetermine
porepressure.Intheabsenceofdensewellcontrol,intervalvelocitiesderivedfromstackingvelocitiesareusedtoestimateporepressure.Theseintervalvelocitiesarecomparedwith
ageneraltrendofvelocitiesintheregion(Fig.1),andaporepressurevolumeisdevelopedforusebydrillingengineers,[5][6][7][8]asshowninFig.2.Acousticimpedancevolumes
obtainedfromseismictraceinversioncanalsobeusedtoidentifyanddetectanomalousporepressureregions.Inanycase,calibrationtolocalvelocitypressureprofilesisrequired.
Withoutthiscalibration,theporepressureindicatorisrelativeratherthanabsolute,althoughsomeempiricalrelationshipsexist.[9]Theresolutionofporepressurevolumesobtained
fromseismicintervalvelocitiesisfairlycoarse,comparedtovelocitiesusedindetailedmigrationortomography,whicharesomewhatmoredetailed,asshownbytheexampleinFig.
3.Tomeettheneedforfinescalepredictionsofporepressureaheadofthebit,neworimprovedmethodsforobtainingreverseVSPdata,usingthedrillbitasaseismicsource,and
VSPdatathatusesloggingwhiledrillingtechniquesarebeingdeveloped.[10][11][12]

(/File%3AVol4prt_Page_328_Image_0001.png)
(/File%3AVol6_Page_035_Image_0001.png)

(/File%3AVol6_Page_037_Image_0001.png)

Fig.1Geopressuretrendcurve
schematicexamples.Theleftsideshows
aplotoftheseismicintervalvelocity,
determinedfromstackingvelocities,asa
functionofdepthandasmooth
monotonicallyincreasingtrendlinethe
rightsideshowstheporepressure
interpretationfromthesedata.Notice
theoverpressuredzonewherethe

Fig.3Anomalousporepressure
regionsresolvedusingtomography.The
upperfigureisaporepressurevolume
determinedfromintervalvelocitiesthat
hadbeencalculatedfromstacking
velocities.Thelowerfigureshowsthe
volumeafterupdatingwithtomographic
velocitiesderivedfrommethodsrelated
toprestackdepthmigration.(Original
figure,fromSayersetal.,120provides
moredetailusingacolorscalefor

velocitydepartsfromthetrend.[6]

Fig.2Seismicdataandporepressure
predictions.Thetopdiagramshowsan
interpretedseismiclinewithfaultsand
specifichorizonsindicated.Thesame
faultsandhorizonsarealsoshownon
thebottomdiagramwithpredictedpore
pressuredisplayedincolor.Noticethat
themajorfaultsseemtoactaspressure
barriersinthiscase.[8]

pressure.)[6]

References
1. Surdam,R.C.,Iverson,W.,andJiao,Z.1996.NaturalGasResourceCharacterizationStudyoftheMesaverdeGroupintheGreaterGreenRiverBasin,Wyoming:AStrategic
PlanfortheExploitationofTightGasSands.Finalreport,ContractNo.GRI96/0220,GasResearchInst.,Chicago.
2. Osborne,M.J.andSwarbrick,M.E.1997.MechanismsforGeneratingOverpressureinSedimentaryBasins:AReevaluation.AAPGBull.81(6):1023.
3. Japsen,P.1998.RegionalVelocityDepthAnomalies,NorthSeaChalk:ARecordofOverpressureandNeogeneUpliftandErosion.AAPGBull.82(11):2031.
4. Pisetski,V.B.1999.TheDynamicFluidMethod:ExtractingStressDatafromtheSeismicSignalAddsaNewDimensiontoOurSearch.TheLeadingEdge18(9):1084.
5. Kan,TK.,Kilsdonk,B.,andWest,C.L.1999.3DGeopressureAnalysisintheDeepwaterGulfofMexico.TheLeadingEdge18(4):502.
6. 6.06.16.2Sayers,C.M.,Johnson,G.M.,andDenyer,G.2000.PredrillPorePressurePredictionUsingSeismicData.PresentedattheIADC/SPEDrillingConference,New
Orleans,Louisiana,2325February2000.SPE59122MS.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59122MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59122MS).
7. Dutta,N.,Gelinsky,S.,Reese,M.etal.2001.ANewPetrophysicallyConstrainedPredrillPorePressurePredictionMethodfortheDeepwaterGulfofMexico:ARealTime
CaseStudy.PresentedattheSPEAnnualTechnicalConferenceandExhibition,NewOrleans,Louisiana,30September3October.SPE71347MS.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71347MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71347MS).
8. 8.08.1Huffman,A.R.2001.TheFutureofPorePressurePredictionUsingGeophysicalMethods.PresentedattheOffshoreTechnologyConference,Houston,Texas,30
April3May.OTC13041MS.http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/13041MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/13041MS).
9. Eaton,B.A.1975.TheEquationforGeopressurePredictionfromWellLogs.PresentedattheFallMeetingoftheSocietyofPetroleumEngineersofAIME,Dallas,28
September1October.SPE5544.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/5544MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/5544MS).
10. Miranda,F.etal.1996.ImpactofSeismicWhileDrillingTechniqueonExplorationWells.FirstBreak14(2):55.

11. Kulkarni,R.,Meyer,J.H.,andSixta,D.1999.ArePorePressureRelatedDrillingProblemsPredictable?TheValueofUsingSeismicBeforeandwhileDrilling.Paper
presentedatthe1999SocietyofExplorationGeophysicistsIntl.ExpositionandAnnualMeeting,Houston,31October5November.
12. Underhill,W.,Esmersoy,C.,Hawthorn,A.etal.2001.DemonstrationsofRealTimeBoreholeSeismicFromanLWDTool.PresentedattheSPEAnnualTechnical
ConferenceandExhibition,NewOrleans,Louisiana,30September3October.SPE71365MS.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71365MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/71365MS).

NoteworthypapersinOnePetro
Brunel,C.,Dunand,J.P.,Rappin,D.etal.3DAnisotropyCorrectionsForPorePressurePrediction.Presentedatthe2004/1/1/.
Lindsay,R.O.andRatcliff,D.W.PorePressurePredictionFrom3DSeismics.Presentedatthe1997/1/1/.http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8337MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/8337MS).
Sayers,C.M.,Johnson,G.M.,andDenyer,G.PorePressurePredictionFromSeismicTomography.Presentedatthe2000/1/1/.http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/11984MS
(http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/11984MS).
Sayers,C.M.,Johnson,G.M.,andDenyer,G.PredrillPorePressurePredictionUsingSeismicData.Presentedatthe2000/1/1/.http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59122MS
(http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/59122MS).
Sayers,C.M.andWoodward,M.J.EnhancedSeismicPorePressurePrediction.Presentedatthe2001/1/1/.http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/13044MS(http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/13044
MS).
Sayers,C.M.andWoodward,M.J.PredrillPorePressurePredictionUsing4CSeismicData.Presentedatthe2001/1/1/.

Externallinks
UsethissectiontoprovidelinkstorelevantmaterialonwebsitesotherthanPetroWikiandOnePetro

Seealso
Subsurfacestressandporepressure(/Subsurface_stress_and_pore_pressure)
Methodstodetermineporepressure(/Methods_to_determine_pore_pressure)
Porepressurepredictionusingacousticlogging(/Pore_pressure_prediction_using_acoustic_logging)
Porefluideffectsonrockmechanics(/Pore_fluid_effects_on_rock_mechanics)
PEH:GeomechanicsAppliedtoDrillingEngineering(/PEH%3AGeomechanics_Applied_to_Drilling_Engineering)
PEH:ReservoirGeophysics(/PEH%3AReservoir_Geophysics)

(https://www.onepetro.org/search?q=Porepressurepredictionusingseismic)

(http://scholar.google.ca/scholar?q=Porepressurepredictionusingseismic)

(http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Porepressurepredictionusingseismic)

(http://wiki.seg.org/index.php?

title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&ns4=1&ns500=1&redirs=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext=Advanced+search&search=Porepressure
predictionusingseismic)

(http://wiki.aapg.org/index.php?

title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&ns4=1&ns102=1&ns104=1&ns106=1&ns108=1&ns420=1&ns828=1&redirs=1&profile=advanced&search=Pore
pressurepredictionusingseismic)