Professional Documents
Culture Documents
nd Semester
University of 2the
Philippines
Diliman
AY 2014-2015
OUTLINE
Settling Chambers
Cyclones
Baghouse Filters
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP)
Absorption
SETTLING CHAMBERS
SETTLING CHAMBERS
SETTLING CHAMBERS
Usual velocity through settling chambers
-- Between 0.5 and 2.5 m/s
-- For best results, gas flow should be
maintained at less than 0.3 m/s
Assuming that Stokes law applies, an
expression can be derived for calculating the
minimum diameter of a particle collected at
100 percent theoretical efficiency in a chamber
of length L.
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
SETTLING CHAMBERS
vt vh
=
H L
(1)
SETTLING CHAMBERS
From Stokes Law:
vt =
g ( p a ) dp
(2)
18
v h H g ( p a ) dp
=
L
18
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
(3)
SETTLING CHAMBERS
a can be dropped from equation (3)
since ( a << p )
Solving for the minimum particle diameter:
18 v h H
dp =
gL p
-- applicable for quiescent conditions ( = 1 )
-- a correction factor ( = 1 ) is applied in general
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
SETTLING CHAMBERS
EXAMPLE
Calculate the minimum size of the particle that will be
removed with 100% efficiency from a settling chamber
under the ff. conditions:
Air:
CYCLONES
Standarddimension
cyclone
collector
(Lapple
standard
cyclone)
CYCLONES
The operating or separating efficiency of a
cyclone depends on the magnitude of the
centrifugal force exerted on the particles.
vi2
Fc = Mp
R
where
Fc = centrifugal force, N
Mp = particulate mass, kg
vi = particle velocity, m/s
R = radius of cyclone, m
CYCLONES
Performance of Lapple standard cyclones
can be described by a single grade fractional
efficiency curve:
CYCLONES
The size of the particle is determined by the
following equation based from Lapples work:
9b
d50 =
2 Ne v i p
L2
1
Ne = L1 +
h
2
CYCLONES
Calvert and Englund (1984) suggest an equation
for the pressure drop of the Lapple standard
cyclone:
Q
P ( cm H2O ) = 40.96
bh
where
CYCLONES
EXAMPLE
An air stream with a flow rate of 7 m3/s is passed
through a cyclone of standard proportions. The
diameter of the cyclone is 2.0 m, and the air
temperature is 77C.
a) Determine the removal efficiency for a particle
with density of 1.5 g/cm3 and diameter 10 m.
b) Determine the collection efficiency based on the
above if a bank of 64 cyclones with diameters of
24 cm are used instead of the single large unit.
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
CYCLONES
EXAMPLE
BAGHOUSE FILTERS
BAGHOUSE FILTERS
BAGHOUSE FILTERS
EXAMPLE
A fabric filter is to be constructed using bags
that are 0.3 m in diameter and 6.0 m long.
The baghouse is to receive 10 m3/s of air,
and the appropriate filtering velocity has
been determined to be 2.0 m/min. Determine
the number of bags required for a continuously
cleaned operation.
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
The size-efficiency relationship for an ESP is a
curvilinear function similar to that for a cyclone.
[Deutsch equation]
Aw
= 1 exp
Q
where = efficiency
A = area of the collection plates, m2
w = drift velocity of charged particles, m/s
Q = flow rate of the gas stream, m3/s
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
The drift velocity w is the velocity at which the
particle approaches the collection plate.
-- analogous to terminal settling velocity
in gravity settling
w = adp
where a = [s-1] function of:
> charging field
> carrier gas properties
> ability of particles to accept an
electrical charge
ChE 150 Environmental Process Engineering
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
EXAMPLE
An ESP is to be constructed to remove fly ash
particles from stack gases flowing at 10 m3/s.
Analysis of a similar system shows that the drift
velocity can be taken as
w = 3.0 10 dp m/s
5
ABSORPTION
Review design equations in ChE 133.
>> Equilibrium Curve
>> Operating Line
>> Limiting flow rates
>> Film and overall mass transfer coefficients
>> For packed towers:
Z = HOGNOG = HOLNOL
Z = HGNG = HLNL
QUESTIONS???
ChE
150
Environmental
Engr.
Kristian
July R. Yap Process Engineering
nd Semester
University of 2the
Philippines
Diliman
AY 2014-2015