20150525-G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B. To MR TONY ABBOTT PM-Re Rohingya Refugees - Etc

1
WITHOUT PREJUDICE
Mr Tony Abbott PM
25-5-2015
C/o josh.frydenberg.mp@aph.gov.au
Cc:
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Bill Shorten Bill.Shorten.MP@aph.gov.au

Daniel Andrews Premier Victoria daniel.andrews@parliament.vic.gov.au
Senator George Brandis senator.brandis@aph.gov.au
George Williams george.williams@unsw.edu.au
Mr Clive Palmer Admin@PalmerUnited.com
Jacqui Lambie senator.ketter@aph.gov.au
Ref; 20150525-G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B. to Mr Tony Abbott PM- Re Rohingya refugees etc
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Tony,
As a CONSTITUTIONALIST I am concerned that there are many people who fail to
understand that we elected governments to act in our best interest, and for sure often if not nearly
always they fail to do so but at times they actually are as I view it doing the right thing.
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We have recently a fast amount of media attention about the Rohingya refugees and as I didnt
know too much ab out them I decided to do a quick search on the internet. After all who on earth
want to support people claiming to be refugees merely because they may claim to be so?
.
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As indicated below the Rohingya people at some stage were provided with weapons only to turn
themselves on a different purpose that is to murder Christians, who then in turn responded in
kind. While it may be argued that was long ago, it appears that the Rohingya people are mainly
Muslims and have so to say a problem with Christians.
Now, those who are Christians and who are pursuing that the Commonwealth of Australia is to
have Rohingya refugees to be allowed to stele into Australia may just do better to learn what they
are on ab out and do they really desire to transplant this kind of religious conflict into Australia,
as if we do not have enough religious conflicts going on already?
.
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I have below quoted some materials and I do have concern that people so to say go overboard
pursuing the acceptance of the Rohingya people without perhaps knowing anything of their
lifestyle, their religious and other conflicts, etc.
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In my view the Commonwealth of Australia has its primary responsibility towards citizens in the
Commonwealth of Australia, and the Framers of the Constitution provided a constitution that the
Federal Government had the powers to decide who shall or shall not enter into the
Commonwealth of Australia.
.
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Hansard 3-3-1898 Constitution Convention Debates

QUOTE
Sir JOHN FORREST.-What is a citizen? A British subject?
Mr. WISE.-I presume so.
Sir JOHN FORREST.-They could not take away the rights of British subjects.
Mr. WISE.-I do not think so. I beg to move- That the words "each state" be omitted, with the view of
inserting the words "the Commonwealth."
I apprehend the Commonwealth must have complete power to grant or refuse citizenship to any citizen
within its borders. I think my answer to Sir John Forrest was given a little too hastily when I said that every
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Mr G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O.W.B.
INSPECTOR-RIKATI about the BLACK HOLE in the CONSTITUTION-DVD
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PLEASE NOTE: You may order books in the INSPECTOR-RIKATI series by E-mail INSPECTORRIKATI@schorel-hlavka.com See also www.schorel-hlavka.com at blog Http://www.scribd.com/InspectorRikati
10
citizen of the British Empire must be a citizen of the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth will have power
to determine who is a citizen. I do not think Dr. Quick's amendment is necessary. If we do not put in a
definition of citizenship every state will have inherent power to decide who is a citizen. That was the
decision of the Privy Council in Ah Toy's case.
Sir JOHN FORREST.-He was an alien.
Mr. WISE.-The Privy Council decided that the Executive of any colony had an inherent right to
determine who should have the rights of citizenship within its borders.
Mr. KINGSTON.-That it had the right of keeping him out.
END QUOTE
Upon federation this power to determine whom shall or shall not be allowed to settle in the
Commonwealth of Australia was transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia.
.
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It is a sovereign right of each nation to determine who it will or will not accept to settle within its
borders.
Therefore, where the Federal Government may have additional details/information that it hold it
is undesirable to allow Rohingya refugees to settle in the Commonwealth of Australia then I
view we (the People) have to accept this.
20
QUOTE Australia should rescue and settle Rohingya refugees and other related details
QUOTE
Australia should rescue and settle Rohingya refugees
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CEC Media Release
Today at 5:44 PM (20-5-2015)
inspector_rikati@yahoo.com.au
To
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Citizens Electoral Council of Australia

Media Release Wednesday, 20 May 2015
Craig Isherwood National Secretary
PO Box 376 COBURG VIC 3058
Phone: 1800 636 432
Email: cec@cecaust.com.au
Website: http://www.cecaust.com.au
Australia should rescue and settle Rohingya refugees
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The worlds richest, emptiest nation should open its arms to the refugees from Myanmar who have been
forced to drift for months off Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.
Adults and children alike suffered incredible hardship, running short of food and water, with no relief from
the elements and the incessant swells of the ocean, as nations refused to let them land until the last few days.
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Australia should take the lead on rescuing these desperate people, by sending the navy to transport them here
for settlement. We should take this action, not just because our nation boasts a rich continent which can easily
fit many more people, but because we are, in a real sense, responsible for the appalling way they have been
treated.
In pushing back these refugees, and extending their suffering on the ocean, Malaysia, Thailand and
Indonesiawhich unlike Australia cannot be called underpopulatedare emulating the shameful behaviour
Australia has taken towards refugees since the MV Tampa incident in 2001.
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Certain European nationsnotably the UKhave also started to emulate Australias behaviour, with regard
to the African refugees crossing the Mediterranean from Libya, and with deadly results.
Australia began this race to the moral bottom; Australia must take the lead in reversing it.
The great lie: were saving lives
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The great, Goebbels-style lie (yes, Goebbelsa Nazi policy deserves a Nazi name) that has been drummed
into Australians to justify our appalling treatment of boat people is that it is necessary to save their lives, to
stop them from drowning at sea.
On 17 May Prime Minister Tony Abbott piously gave his blessing to the actions of Indonesia, Malaysia and
Thailand: I dont apologise in any way for the action that Australia has taken to preserve safety at sea by
turning boats around where necessary, he said. And if other countries choose to do that, frankly that is
almost certainly absolutely necessary if the scourge of people smuggling is to be beaten.
The proof that this is a great lie is that Australias cruel policy started before refugees drowned at sea. It
actually started when Keatings Labor initiated mandatory detention, but it took on its brutal present form in
2001 when Abbotts mentor John Howard was facing electoral defeat, and decided to make an example of the
438 Hazara Afghani refugees fleeing the Taliban and Al-Qaeda who had been rescued by the Norwegian
vessel MV Tampa, by refusing to let them land in Australia. We will decide who comes to this country, and
the circumstances in which they come, Howard bellowed in his 28 October 2001 election campaign launch
speechan attitude and tone that wouldnt have been out of place in one of the Nazi fist-pumping rallies
staged in Sydney in the 1930s by the pro-fascist New Guard, which his father Lyall probably attended as a
member. Howards re-election ensured that this cynical scapegoating of refugees would become the new
standard in Australian politics.
The first deaths at sea occurred two months after Howard stopped the MV Tampa from offloading its
passengers, when the SIEV-X sank with more than 400 passengersan incident that to this day is shrouded
in mystery, as it coincided with Howards policy to turn boats around, which some suspect to have caused the
sinking. In a different incident, Howards minister Peter Reith was caught out lying that refugees deliberately
threw their children overboardan intentional slander calculated to deflect scrutiny of the governments
policy, and make out the refugees to be responsible for inflicting their own suffering.
Not all Australians would be aware that our nations name is forever enshrined in infamy, at the Yad Vashem
holocaust memorial in Jerusalem, where the words of the Menzies governments delegate to the 1938 Evian
conference on Jewish refugees are on display, to epitomise the attitude that led to millions of Jews being
abandoned to Nazi genocide. US President Franklin Roosevelt had convened the conference in Evian, France,
to try to organise a coordinated effort by nations to take those desperate to flee Hitler. Australias delegate,
Trade Minister T.W. White, set the tone that ultimately led to the failure of the conference when he expressed
the Menzies governments unwillingness to accept more Jewish refugees; White stated that it will no doubt
be appreciated that as we have no racial problem, we are not desirous of importing one. These are the words
on display at the holocaust memorial.
Malcolm Fraser redeemed our nation for its shame when he demonstrated how a civilised society should treat
people in desperate need of sanctuary. John Howard, Rudd/Gillard, and now Abbott have again earned
Australia its place in the holocaust memorial.
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Its easy to prove that welcoming refugees to Australia will be a benefit to our nation, not a cost. Its easy to
prove that Australia is an empty continent in desperate need of economic development, in which new
Australians would be enthusiastic participants, as they were on the Snowy Mountains Scheme, Tasmanias
hydro development, and other such projects. Its easy to prove that the costs we are presently incurring to
treat people so cruelly, in the form of billions of taxpayers dollars going to shady private prison contractors
such as the British firm SERCO, are far greater than if we let them all live in Australia.
But those are the secondary reasons that Australia should take the lead on helping these refugees. The
primary reason is that it is the right thing to do.
For an Australia that is committed to the common good of all people, and the necessary policies of
Authorised: Robert Barwick 595 Sydney Rd Coburg Vic 3058
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END QUOTE
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_people
QUOTE
Rohingya people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk
page. Please do not remove this message until the dispute is resolved. (February 2015)
Rohingya people
(image omitted)
Total population
1,424,0002,000,000[1][not in citation given]
Regions with significant populations
Myanmar (Arakan), Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan,

Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Indonesia, India
Burma
735,000800,000[2]
Saudi Arabia
400,000[3]
Bangladesh
300,000 - 500,000[4][5][6]
Pakistan
200,000[7][8][9]
Thailand
100,000[10]
Malaysia
40,070[11]
[12]
Languages
Rohingya
Religion
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Islam
Related ethnic groups
Bengali people
Burmese Indians
Islam by country
(image omitted)
Africa[show]
Asia[show]
Europe[show]
The Americas[show]
Oceania[show]
Islam portal
The Rohingya people (Ruingga /uja/, Burmese: rui hang gya /h d/,
Bengali: Rohingga /ohia/) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group that live in northern Rakhine (Arakan),
Burma and speak the Rohingya language.[13][14] According to Rohingyas and most scholars, they are
indigenous to the state of Rakhine, while other historians claim that they migrated to Burma from Bengal
primarily during the period of British rule, [15][16][17] and to a lesser extent, after the Burmese independence in
1948 and Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.[18][19][20][2][21]
Muslims have settled in Arakan since the 15th century AD, although the number of Muslim settlers before
the British rule cannot be precisely estimated.[22] After the first Anglo-Burmese War in 1826, British annexed
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Arakan and encouraged migrations from Bengal to work as farm laborers. The Muslim population may have
constituted 5% of Arakan's population by 1869, although estimates for earlier years give higher numbers.
Successive British censuses of 1872 and 1911 recorded an increase in Muslim population from 58,255 to
178,647 in Akyab District. During World War II, inter-communal violence broke out between British-armed
V-Force recruits of Rohingya and Buddhist Rakhines and the region became increasingly polarized.[23] In
1982, General Ne Win's government enacted the citizenship law which denied Rohingya citizenship. Since
the 1990s, the term Rohingya increased in usage among Rohingya communities.[21][16]
As of 2013, about 735,000 Rohingyas live in Burma. [2] They reside mainly in the northern Rakhine townships
where they form 8098% of the population.[21] International media and human rights organizations have
described Rohingyas as one of the most persecuted minorities in the world.[24][25][26] Many Rohingyas have
fled to ghettos and refugee camps in neighbouring Bangladesh, and to areas along the Thai-Burmese border.
More than 100,000 Rohingyas in Burma continue to live in camps for internally displaced persons, not
allowed by authorities to leave.[27][28] Rohingyas have received international attention in the wake of 2012
Rakhine State riots.
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Contents
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[hide]
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1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Kingdom of Mrauk U
2.2 Burmese conquest
2.3 British colonial rule
2.4 World War II Japanese occupation and inter-communal violence
2.5 Post-war insurgency
2.6 Post-independence immigration and Bangladesh Liberation War
2.7 'Rohingya' movement (1990-present)
2.8 Burmese juntas (1990-2011)
2.9 2012 Rakhine State riots
2.10 Historical demographics
3 Demographics
4 Language
5 Religion
6 Human rights and refugee status
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
9.1 Additional sources

Etymology[edit]
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Jacques P. Leider states that in precolonial sources, the term Rohingya, in the form of Rooinga appears only
once in a text written by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton.[29] In his 1799 article A Comparative Vocabulary of
Some of the Languages Spoken in the Burma Empire, Hamilton stated: "I shall now add three dialects,
spoken in the Burma Empire, but evidently derived from the language of the Hindu nation. The first is that
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spoken by the Mohammedans, who have long settled in Arakan, and who call themselves Rooinga, or natives
of Arakan."[30]
After riots in 2012, academic authors used the term Rohingya to refer to the Muslim community in northern
Rakhine. Professor Andrew Selth of Griffith University for example, uses "Rohingya" but states "These are
Bengali Muslims who live in Arakan State...most Rohingyas arrived with the British colonialists in the 19th
and 20th centuries."[15][17] Among the overseas Rohingya community, the term has been gaining popularity
since the 1990s, though a considerable portion of Muslims in northern Rakhine are unfamiliar with the term
and prefer to use alternatives.[16][29]
History[edit]
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Although Muslim settlements have long existed in Arakan, the original settlers before the British rule are
generally assumed to be few. Their descendants are believed to live in central Arakan near Mrauk-U and
Kyauktaw townships, rather than the Mayu frontier area (near Chittagong Division, Bangladesh), where the
majority of Rohingya are populated. [31] Apart from Rohingya, there are Kamein (original settlers from
Mughal Empire) and other Muslim minorities in Rakhine who are officially recognized as indigenous ethnic
groups and have Burmese citizenship.[32] After four decades of British rule in 1869, Muslim settlers reached
5% of Arakan's population. The number steadily increased until World War II. Further waves of immigration
occurred after Burmese independence in 1948 and violent separation of East Pakistan in 1971. [21]
Kingdom of Mrauk U[edit]
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Early evidence of Bengali Muslim settlements in Arakan date back to the time of King Narameikhla (1430
1434) of the Kingdom of Mrauk U. After 24 years of exile in Bengal, he regained control of the Arakanese
throne in 1430 with military assistance from the Sultanate of Bengal. The Bengalis who came with him
formed their own settlements in the region.[33][34]
(image omitted)
A coin from Arakan used in Great Bengal, minted 1554/5.
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Narameikhla ceded some territory to the Sultan of Bengal and recognised his sovereignty over the areas. In
recognition of his kingdom's vassal status, the kings of Arakan received Islamic titles and used the Bengali
Islamic coinage within the kingdom. Narameikhla minted his own coins with Burmese characters on one side
and Persian characters on the other.[34] Arakan's vassalage to Bengal was brief. After Sultan Jalaluddin
Muhammad Shah's death in 1433, Narameikhla's successors repaid Bengal by occupying Ramu in 1437 and
Chittagong in 1459. Arakan would hold Chittagong until 1666. [35][36]
Even after gaining independence from the Sultans of Bengal, the Arakanese kings continued the custom of
maintaining Muslim titles.[37] The Buddhist kings compared themselves to Sultans and fashioned themselves
after Mughal rulers. They also continued to employ Muslims in prestigious positions within the royal
administration.[38] The Bengali Muslim population increased in the 17th century, as they were employed in a
variety of workforces in Arakan. Some of them worked as Bengali, Persian and Arabic scribes in the
Arakanese courts, which, despite remaining Buddhist, adopted Islamic fashions from the neighbouring
Sultanate of Bengal.[38] The Kamein, who are regarded as one of the official ethnic groups of Burma, are
descended from these Muslims.[39]
Burmese conquest[edit]
40
Following the Burmese conquest of Arakan in 1785, as many as 35,000 Arakanese people fled to the
neighbouring Chittagong region of British Bengal in 1799 to escape Burmese persecution and to seek
protection from British India.[40] The Burmese rulers executed thousands of Arakanese men and deported a
considerable portion of the Arakanese population to central Burma, leaving Arakan as a scarcely populated
area by the time the British occupied it.[41]
45
According to an article on the "Burma Empire" published by the British Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1799,
"the Mohammedans, who have long settled in Arakan," "call themselves Rooinga, or natives of Arakan."[30]
However, according to Derek Tokin, Hamilton no longer used the term to refer to the Muslims in Arakan in
his later publications.[16] Sir Henry Yule saw many Muslims serving as eunuchs in Konbaung Dynasty Burma
while on a diplomatic mission there.[42][43]
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British colonial rule[edit]

(image omitted)
A British 1939 report warned "seed of future communal troubles" regarding unchecked Cittagongian
immigration into Arakan.
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British policy encouraged Bengali inhabitants from adjacent regions to migrate into the then lightly populated
and fertile valleys of Arakan as farm laborers. The East India Company extended the Bengal administration
to Arakan, thus there was no international boundary between Bengal and Arakan, and no restrictions on
migration between the regions. In the early 19th century, thousands of Bengalis from the Chittagong region
settled in Arakan seeking work.[44]
The British census of 1871 reported 58,255 Muslims in Akyab District. By 1911, the Muslim population had
increased to 178,647.[45] The waves of migration were primarily due to the requirement of cheap labour from
British India to work in the paddy fields. Immigrants from Bengal, mainly from the Chittagong region,
"moved en masse into western townships of Arakan". To be sure, Indian immigration to Burma was a
nationwide phenomenon, not just restricted to Arakan.[46]
Historian Thant Myint-U writes: "At the beginning of the 20th century, Indians were arriving in Burma at the
rate of no less than a quarter million per year. The numbers rose steadily until the peak year of 1927,
immigration reached 480,000 people, with Rangoon exceeding New York City as the greatest immigration
port in the world. This was out of a total population of only 13 million; it was equivalent to the United
Kingdom today taking 2 million people a year." By then, in most of the largest cities in Burma, Rangoon
(Yangon), Akyab (Sittwe), Bassein (Pathein), Moulmein, the Indian immigrants formed a majority of the
population. The Burmese under the British rule felt helpless, and reacted with a "racism that combined
feelings of superiority and fear." [46]
The impact of immigration was particularly acute in Arakan, one of less populated regions. In 1939, the
British authorities, alert to the long-term animosity between the Arakanese Buddhists and the Muslim
population, formed a special Investigation Commission led by James Ester and Tin Tut to study the issue of
Muslim immigration into the Arakan. The commission recommended securing the border; however, with the
onset of World War II, the British retreated from Arakan.[47]
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World War II Japanese occupation and inter-communal violence[edit]

Main article: Rakhine State massacre in 1942
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During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Burma, then under British colonial rule. The British forces
retreated and in the power vacuum left behind, considerable inter communal violence erupted between
Arakanese and Muslim villagers. The British armed Muslims in northern Arakan in order to create a buffer
zone that would protect the region from a Japanese invasion when they retreated.[48] The period also
witnessed violence between groups loyal to the British and the Burmese nationalists.[48]
Aye Chan, a historian at the Kanda University, has written that as a consequence of acquiring arms from the
British during World War II, Rohingyas[note 1] tried to destroy the Arakanese villages instead of resisting the
Japanese. In March 1942, Rohingyas from northern Arakan killed around 20,000 Arakanese. In return,
around 5,000 Muslims in the Minbya and Mrohaung Townships were killed by Arakanese and Karenni.[47]
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As in the rest of Burma, the Japanese committed acts of rape, murder and torture against Muslims in
Arakan.[49] During this period, some 22,000 Muslims in Arakan were believed to have crossed the border into
Bengal, then part of British India, to escape the violence. [50][51][52] The exodus was not restricted to Muslims in
Arakan. Thousands of Burmese Indians, Anglo-Burmese and British who settled during colonial period
emigrated en masse to India.
40
To facilitate their reentry into Burma, British formed Volunteer Forces with Rohingya. Over the three years
during which the Allies and Japanese fought over the Mayu peninsula, the Rohingya recruits of the V-Force,
engaged in a campaign against Arakanese communities, using weapons provided by V-Force.[23] According
to the secretary of British governor, the V-Force, instead of fighting the Japanese, destroyed Buddhist
monasteries, pagodas, and houses, and committed atrocities in northern Arakan. [53][54]
45
Post-war insurgency[edit]
See also: Rohingya insurgency in Western Burma
(image omitted)
A Mujahideen leader surrendered arm to Brigadier Aung Gyi as part of the government's peace process in
Buthidaung, Arakan, on 4 July 1961
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During the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s, Rohingya Muslims in western Burma organized a separatist
movement to merge the region into East-Pakistan.[43] Before the independence of Burma in January 1948,
Muslim leaders from Arakan addressed themselves to Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, and
asked his assistance in incorporating the Mayu region to Pakistan considering their religious affinity and
geographical proximity with East Pakistan.[43]
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Two months later, the north Arakan Muslim League was founded in Akyab (modern: Sittwe, capital of
Arakan State), it, too demanding annexation to Pakistan.[43] The proposal was never materialized since it was
reportedly turned down by Jinnah saying that he was not in a position to interfere into Burmese matters. [43]
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After Jinnah's refusal, Rohingya elders founded the Mujahid party as a jihad movement in northern Arakan in
1947.[55] The aim of the Mujahid party was to create an autonomous Muslim state in Arakan. By the 1950s,
they began to use the term "Rohingya" to give a distinct identity and establish indigenous claims over the
region. They were much more active before the 1962 Burmese coup d'tat by General Ne Win. Ne Win
carried out some military operations against them over a period of two decades. The prominent one was
"Operation King Dragon" which took place in 1978; as a result, many Muslims in the region fled to
neighboring Bangladesh as refugees. In addition to Bangladesh, a large number of Rohingyas have also
migrated to Karachi, Pakistan.[9]
The Rohingya mujahideen are still active within the remote areas of Arakan.[56]
Post-independence immigration and Bangladesh Liberation War[edit]
20
The numbers and the extent of post-independence immigration from Bangladesh are subject to controversy
and debate. In a 1955 study published by Stanford University, the authors Virginia Thompson and Richard
Adloff write, "The post-war illegal immigration of Chittagonians into that area was on a vast scale, and in the
Maungdaw and Buthidaung areas they replaced the Arakanese." [19] The authors further argue that the term
Rohingya, in the form of Rwangya, first appeared to distinguish settled population from newcomers: "The
newcomers were called Mujahids (crusaders), in contrast to the Rwangya or settled Chittagonian
population."[19]
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From 1971 to 1973, the Bangladesh Liberation War and its accompanying genocide saw an exodus of ten
million Bengali Muslims to neighboring countries. A large number of refugees settled in northern Rakhine
and to a smaller extent in Chin State. In 1975, Bangladesh Ambassador to Burma, Khwaja Mohammed
Kaiser admitted that there were upward of 500,000 trespassers in Arakan whom Burma had some rights to
eject and implored the Burmese authorities not to press the issue during political turmoils in Bangladesh. [18]
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From 1971 to 1978, a number of Rakhine monks and Buddhists staged hunger strikes in Sittwe to force the
government to tackle immigration issues which they believed to be causing a demographic shift in the
region.[57] Ne Win's government requested UN to repatriate the war refugees and launched military operations
which drove off around 200,000 people to Bangladesh. In 1978, the Bangladesh government protested against
the Burmese government concerning "the expulsion by force of thousands of Burmese Muslim citizens to
Bangladesh." The Burmese government responded that those expelled were Bangladesh citizens who had
resided illegally in Burma. In July 1978, after intensive negotiations mediated by UN, Ne Win's government
agreed to take back 200,000 refugees who settled in Arakan. [58] In 1982, the Bangladesh Government
amended the citizenship law and declared all "Rohingyas" are non-nationals.[59] In the same year, the
Burmese government enacted the citizenship law and declared the "Bengalis" are foreigners. [60]
There are widespread beliefs among Rakhine people that significant number of immigrants arrived even after
the 1980s when the border was relatively unguarded. However, there is no documentation proof for these
claims as the last census was conducted in 1983.[2] Successive Burmese governments have fortified the border
and built up border guard forces.
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'Rohingya' movement (1990-present)[edit]

(image omitted)
The Rohingya nationality flag.
"Rohingyas have been in Rakhine from the creation of the world. Arakan was ours; it was an Indian land for
1,000 years."
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A Rohingya member of Parliament[61]

Since the 1990s, a new 'Rohingya' movement which is distinct from the 1950s armed rebellion has emerged.
The new movement is characterized by lobbying internationally by overseas diaspora, establishing
indigenous claims by Rohingya scholars, publicizing the term "Rohingya" and denying Bengali origins by
Rohingya politicians.[21]
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Rohingya scholars have claimed that Rakhine was previously a Muslim state for a millennium, or that
Muslims were king-makers of Rakhine kings for 350 years. They often traced the origin of Rohingyas to
Arab seafarers. These claims have been rejected as "newly invented myths" in academic circles.[62] Some
Rohingya politicians have labelled Burmese and international historians as "Rakhine sympathizers" for
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rejecting the purported historical origins.[63] Nonetheless, the term spreads with great success after the riots in
2012.
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The movement has garnered sharp criticisms from ethnic Rakhines and Kamans, the latter of whom are a
recognized Muslim ethnic group in Rakhine. Kaman leaders support citizenship for Muslims in northern
Rakhine but believe that the new movement is aimed at achieving a self-administered area or a separate
Muslim state carved out of Rakhine and condemn the movement.[64]
Rakhines' views are more critical. Citing Bangladesh's overpopulation and density, Rakhines perceive the
Rohingyas as "the vanguard of an unstoppable wave of people that will inevitably engulf Rakhine." [65]
However, for moderate Rohingyas, the aim may have been no more than to gain citizenship status. Moderate
Rohingya politicians agree to compromise on the term Rohingya if citizenship is provided under an
alternative identity that is neither "Bengali" nor "Rohingya". Various alternatives including "Rakhine
Muslims", "Myanmar Muslims" or simply "Myanmar" have been proposed. [16][66]
Burmese juntas (1990-2011)[edit]
15
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The military junta which ruled Burma for half a century, relied heavily on mixing Burmese nationalism and
Theravada Buddhism to bolster its rule, and, in the view of US government, heavily discriminated against
minorities like the Rohingyas, Chinese people like the Kokang people, and Panthay (Chinese Muslims).
Some pro-democracy dissidents from Burma's ethnic Burman majority do not consider the Rohingyas
compatriots.[67][68][69][70]
Successive Burmese governments have been accused of provoking riots against ethnic minorities like the
Rohingyas and Chinese although no evidence was produced. [71] In 2009, a senior Burmese envoy to Hong
Kong branded the Rohingyas "ugly as ogres" and a people that are alien to Burma. [72]
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2012 Rakhine State riots[edit]

Main article: 2012 Rakhine State riots
(image omitted)
A group of Rohingyas during the 2012 Rakhine State riots.
30
The 2012 Rakhine State riots were a series of conflicts between Rohingya Muslims who are majority in the
northern Rakhine and ethnic Rakhines who are majority in the south. Before the riots, there were widespread
and strongly held fears circulating among Buddhist Rakhines that they would soon become a minority in their
ancestral state.[65] The riots finally came after weeks of sectarian disputes including a gang rape and murder
of a Rakhine woman by Rohingyas and killing of ten Burmese Muslims by Rakhines. [73][74]
35
40
From both sides, whole villages were "decimated".[74][75] According to the Burmese authorities, the violence,
between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and up to 140,000
people have been displaced.[76][77] The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying
troops in the region. On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to
participate in the administration of the region.[78][79] Rohingya NGOs overseas have accused the Burmese
army and police of targeting Rohingya Muslims through arrests and participating in violence. [76][80]
However, an in-depth research conducted by the International Crisis Group shows that both communities are
grateful for the protection provided by the military.[81] A number of monks' organisations have taken
measures to boycott NGOs which they believe helped only Rohingyas in the past decades even though
Rakhines are equally poor.[82] In July 2012, the Burmese Government did not include the Rohingya minority
group in the censusclassified as stateless Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh since 1982.[83] About 140,000
Rohingya in Burma remain confined in IDP camps.[28]
Historical demographics[edit]
45
The following table shows the statistics of Muslim population in Arakan. Note that except for 2014 census,
the data is for all Muslims in Rakhine. The data for Burmese 1802 census is taken from a book by J. S.
Furnivall. The British censuses classified immigrants from Chittagong as Bengalis. There were a small
number of immigrants from other parts of India. The 1941 census was lost during the war. The 1983 census
conducted under the Ne Win's government omitted people in volatile regions. It is unclear how many were
missed. British era censuses can be found at Digital Library of India.
Muslims
Year
in
Arakan
Muslims
in
Akyub
Akyub's
population
Percentage
of
Muslims
Indians in
Arakan
Indians
born
(Including
most
outside
Burma
p10
25-5-2015
11
District
1802
census
in Akyub
Muslims)
Lost?
(Burmese)
1869
1872
census
1881
census
1891
census
1901
census
1911
census
1921
census
1931
census
1983
census
24,637
64,315
162,754
10%
58,255
276,671
21%
359,706
113,557
71,104
416,305
137,922
62,844
154,887
481,666
32%
173,884
76,445
178,647
529,943
30%
197,990
46,591
206,990
51,825
217,801
50,565
576,430
255,469
242,381
637,580
38%
584,518
735,000
2014
census
(+1
million
estimate
overseas)
Demographics[edit]
Those who identify as Rohingyas typically reside in the northernmost townships of Arakan bordering
Bangladesh where they form 8098% of the population. A typical Rohingya family has four or five surviving
children but the numbers up to twenty eight have been recorded in rare cases. [2][84] According to David Price
of Harvard University, Rohingyas have 37% more children between 0 and 9 years old than Burma's national
average.[2] As of 2014, about 800,000 Rohingyas live in Burma and an estimated 1 million overseas. They
form 21% of Rakhine State's population or 60% if overseas population is included.
Language[edit]
Main article: Rohingya language
10
15
The Rohingya language is part of the Indo-Aryan sub-branch of the greater Indo-European language family,
and is related to the Chittagonian language spoken in the southernmost part of Bangladesh bordering
Burma.[13] While both Rohingya and Chittagonian are related to Bengali, they are not mutually intelligible
with the latter. Rohingyas do not speak Burmese, the lingua franca of Burma and face problems in
integration. Rohingya scholars have successfully written the Rohingya language in various scripts including
Arabic, Hanifi, Urdu, Roman, and Burmese, where Hanifi is a newly developed alphabet derived from Arabic
with the addition of four characters from Latin and Burmese.
More recently, a Latin alphabet has been developed, using all 26 English letters A to Z and two additional
Latin letters (for retroflex R) and (for nasal sound). To accurately represent Rohingya phonology, it also
uses five accented vowels (). It has been recognised by ISO with ISO 639-3 "rhg" code.[85]
Religion[edit]
20
Further information: Islam in Burma
25
The Rohingya people practice Sunni Islam with elements of Sufi worship. Because the government restricts
educational opportunities for them, many pursue fundamental Islamic studies as their only educational option.
Mosques and religious schools are present in most villages. Traditionally, men pray in congregations and
women pray at home.
p11
25-5-2015
12
Human rights and refugee status[edit]
See also: Persecution of Muslims in Burma
The Rohingyas freedom of movement is severely restricted and the vast majority of them have effectively
been denied Burmese citizenship. They are also subjected to various forms of extortion and arbitrary taxation;
land confiscation; forced eviction and house destruction; and financial restrictions on marriage.
Amnesty International in 2004[86]
10
The Rohingya people have been described as among the worlds least wanted [87] and one of the worlds
most persecuted minorities.[88] They have been denied Burmese citizenship since a 1982 citizenship law was
enacted.[89] They are not allowed to travel without official permission and were previously required to sign a
commitment not to have more than two children, though the law was not strictly enforced. [90][89]
15
According to the Amnesty International, the Rohingya people have suffered from human rights violations
under the Burmese junta since 1978, and many have fled to neighbouring Bangladesh as a result.[86] In 2005,
the UNHCR had assisted with the repatriation of Rohingyas from Bangladesh, but allegations of human
rights abuses in the refugee camps threatened this effort. [91] In 2015, 140,000 Rohingyas remain in IDP camps
after communal riots in 2012.[92]
Despite earlier efforts by the UN, the vast majority of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh are unable to return
due to the 2012 communal violence and fear of persecution. Bangladeshi government has reduced the amount
of support for Rohingyas to prevent an outflow of refugees to Bangladesh. [93] In February 2009, many
Rohingya refugees were rescued by Acehnese sailors in the Strait of Malacca, after 21 days at sea.[94]
20
The Rakhine community as a whole has tended to be cast internationally as violent extremists ignoring the
diversity of opinions that exist, the fact that the Rakhine themselves are a long-oppressed minority, and rarely
attempting to understand their perspective and concerns. This is counterproductive: it promotes a siege
mentality on the part of the Rakhine, and obscures complex realities that must be understood if a sustainable
way forward is to be found.
25
The International Crisis Group, The Politics of Rakhine State, 22 October 2014[24]
30
Over the years, thousands of Rohingyas have also fled to Thailand. There have been charges that Rohingyas
were shipped and towed out to open sea from Thailand. In February 2009 there was evidence of the Thai
army towing a boatload of 190 Rohingya refugees out to sea. A group of refugees rescued in February 2009
by Indonesian authorities told that they were captured and beaten by the Thai military, and then abandoned at
sea.[95]
35
Steps to repatriate Rohingya refugees began in 2005. In 2009 the government of Bangladesh announced that
it will repatriate around 9,000 Rohingyas living in refugee camps inside the country back to Burma, after a
meeting with Burmese diplomats.[96][97] On 16 October 2011, the new government of Burma agreed to take
back registered Rohingya refugees. However, Rakhine State riots in 2012 hampered the repatriation
efforts.[98][99]
On 29 March 2014, the Burmese government banned the word Rohingya and asked for registration of the
minority as Bengalis in the country's first census in three decades.[100][101] On 7 May 2014, the United States
House of Representatives passed a simple resolution that called on the government of Burma to end the
discrimination and persecution.[102][103]
See also[edit]
40
45
Islam in Burma
Human rights in Burma
Burmese Indians
Muslims of Manipur
Rohingya insurgency in Western Burma
Rakhine State massacre in 1942

Notes[edit]
1.
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year= ignored (help)
30
"Burma's Western Border as Reported by the Diplomatic Correspondence(1947 - 1975)" by Aye Chan
END QUOTE
END QUOTE Australia should rescue and settle Rohingya refugees and other related details
35
I look forwards to your reply addressing the issues I raised.

This document is not intended and neither must be perceived to refer to all details/issues.
40
MAY JUSTICE ALWAYS PREVAIL

Our name is our motto!)
(
Awaiting your response,
G. H. Schorel-Hlavka O. W. B. (Friends call me Gerrit)
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1

Bill Shorten Bill.Shorten.MP@aph.gov.au

Hansard 3-3-1898 Constitution Convention Debates

CEC Media Release

Today at 5:44 PM (20-5-2015)

Citizens Electoral Council of Australia

Australia should rescue and settle Rohingya refugees

1,424,0002,000,000[1][not in citation given]

Regions with significant populations

Myanmar (Arakan), Bangladesh, Malaysia, Pakistan,

Related ethnic groups

2.1 Kingdom of Mrauk U

2.2 Burmese conquest

2.3 British colonial rule

2.4 World War II Japanese occupation and inter-communal violence

2.5 Post-war insurgency

2.6 Post-independence immigration and Bangladesh Liberation War

2.7 'Rohingya' movement (1990-present)

2.8 Burmese juntas (1990-2011)

2.9 2012 Rakhine State riots

2.10 Historical demographics

6 Human rights and refugee status

9.1 Additional sources

British colonial rule[edit]

World War II Japanese occupation and inter-communal violence[edit]

'Rohingya' movement (1990-present)[edit]

A Rohingya member of Parliament[61]

2012 Rakhine State riots[edit]

Amnesty International in 2004[86]

Human rights in Burma

Rohingya insurgency in Western Burma

Rakhine State massacre in 1942

Jump up ^ The term was not used during this period.

Jump up ^ "Saudi Arabia entry at Ethnologue". Ethnologue. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

Jump up ^ "Bangladesh for permanent solution to Burmese Rohingya refugee problem".

Jump up ^ "Box 5925 Annapolis, MD 21403 info@srintl". Burmalibrary.org. Retrieved 2013-1018.

Jump up ^ "Rohingya reference at Ethnologue".

^ Jump up to: a b Leider 2013, p. 7.

Jump up ^ Crisis Group 2014, pp. 4-5.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, p. 398.

^ Jump up to: a b Yegar 2002, p. 23.

Jump up ^ Phayre 1883: 78

Jump up ^ Harvey 1925: 140141

Jump up ^ Yegar 2002, pp. 23-24.

^ Jump up to: a b Yegar 2002, p. 24.

Jump up ^ Maung San Da (2005). History of Ethnic Kaman (Burmese). Yangon.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, pp. 3989.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, p. 399.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, p. 397.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Yegar 1972, pp. 10.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, p. 403.

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, p. 401.

^ Jump up to: a b Myint-U 2006: 185187

Jump up ^ Human Rights Watch (Organization) (2000). Burma/Bangladesh: Burmese refugees in

Jump up ^ Aye Chan 2005, pp. 406407.

Jump up ^ Yegar 2002, p. 56.

Jump up ^ Crisis Group 2014, p. 23.

^ Jump up to: a b Crisis Group 2014, p. 14.

Jump up ^ Crisis Group 2014, p. 32.

Jump up ^ "Violence Throws Spotlight on Rohingya". Rfa.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.

Jump up ^ Linn Htet (11 June 2012). "

Jump up ^ "ISO 639 code tables". Sil.org. Retrieved 2013-10-18.

^ Jump up to: a b Amnesty International (2004). "Myanmar The Rohingya Minority: