Mass Moment Of Inertia

MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA

INTRODUCTION:
The moment of inertia of the area of a body is called as the area
moment of inertia. Similarly, the moment of inertia of the mass of
a body is called as the mass moment of inertia.
Mass moment of inertia is used to study of dynamics of rigid
body as it gives a measure of resistance to angular motion about
an axis.
Consider a body of mass m. The moment of inertia of the body
w.r.t axis AA is defined by integral.
A

Im = r2dm

Where dm is the mass of an element of

the body situated at a distance r from
axis AA.The integration is extended over
the entire volume of the body.

The radius of gyration, k of any rigid body of mass m will be

k = (Im/m)

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM:

B

Consider a body of mass m. Let the moment of inertia of the body

with respect an axis AA passing through the centre of gravity G of
the body be I. Then moment of inertia I of the body with respect to
an axis BB which is parallel to the centroidal axis AA and is at a
distanced from it is given by,

I = I + md2

MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF THIN PLATES:

We will derive mass moment of inertia of thin plates and establish
a relationship between mass and area moment of inertia. Consider
a thin homogeneous plate with constant thicknesst and mass
density . Assuming the plate to be perpendicular to the
z axis.
Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

z
If we take small element of mass, dm
we know mass in kg.
dm = ( ) (t) (dA)

- kg/m3
On

the moment of inertia w.r.t the x axis is y2dm.

tm

integration we get mass moment of inertia of the

dA m2

entire plate about the x axis.

IXX = y2 dm
= y2 (( ) (t) (dA))
= ( ) (t) y2 (dA)
(IXX)mass = ( ) (t) (IXX)area

Similarly,
(IYY)mass = ( ) (t) (IYY)area
(IZZ)mass = ( ) (t) (IZZ)area

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

1) MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A THIN RECTANGULAR

PLATE:

Consider a thin rectangular plate of base b, height h, thickness t

and mass density .
dm = ( ) (t) (dA) for small element
M=

(t) (b h) for whole body

We know, for rectangular section area moment of inertia w,r,t

centroidal axes is,
(IXX)area =(bh3)/12
(IYY)area =(hb3)/12
(IZZ)area =((bh) (b2 + h2))/12
We know, mass moment of inertia are given as,
(IXX)mass = ( ) (t) (IXX)area
(IXX)mass = ( ) (t) ((bh3)/12)
= ( ) (t) (bh) (h2/12)
= M (h2/12)
(IXX)mass = M (h2/12)

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

Similarly,
(IYY)mass = M (b2/12)
(IZZ)mass = M ((b2 + h2)/12)

2) MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF A THIN CIRCULAR DISC:

Consider a thin circular disc of radius r, thickness t and mass

density . Then its mass is given as,
M=

(t) (r2)

For centroidal axis, we know that the area moment of inertia,

IXX = IYY = (IZZ)/2
IXX = IYY = (d4)/64
= (r4)/ 4
IZZ = (r4)/ 2
(IXX)mass = ( ) (t) (IXX)area
=( ) (t) (r4)/ 4
=( ) (t) (r2) ((r2)/ 4)
(IXX)mass = (IYY)mass = (M ((r2)/ 4)

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

(IZZ)mass = ( ) (t) ((r4)/ 2)

= ( ) (t) (r2) (r2/ 2)
(IZZ)mass = M(r2/ 2)

MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA OF SOLIDS:

1) Determine mass moment of inertia for solid cylinder.

Consider a cylinder of radius R, length L and mass density

Suppose we cut a circular disc of infinite thickness dz
perpendicular to the z-axis at a distance z from the origin.
its mass is given as,
dm =( ) (dz) (dA)
=( ) (dz) (R2)
its mass moment of inertia about the z-axis is
(dIZZ)mass = dm(R2/2)

= ( ) (dz) (R2) (R2/2)

= ( ) ((R4)/ 2) (dz)
Integrate on both sides,
(dIZZ)mass = ( ) ((R4)/ 2) (dz)
Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

Izz = ( ) ((R4)/ 2) [z]

{limits L/2 to L/2}

{ z L/2 to L/2 }

Izz = ( ) ((R4)/ 2) [L/2 (-L/2)]

= ( ) ((R4)/ 2) [L/2 + L/2]
= ( ) ((R4)/ 2) (L)

We know volume of cylinder, V = R2L & its mass, M = V

Izz = ( ) (R2L) (R2/2)
Izz = M(R2/2)

Calculate (IXX)mass,

(dIXX)mass = dm(R2/4)
= ( ) (dz) (R2) (R2/4)
= ( ) ((R4)/ 4) (dz)
From parallel axes theorem
IXX = IXX + md2
dIXX = (( ) ((R4)/ 4) (dz) )+ (( ) (R2) (dz) (z2))
Integrate on both sides,
{limits L/2 to L/2}
{ z L/2 to L/2 }
IXX = (M ((3R2) + (L2)))/12 = IYY

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

2) Determine mass moment of inertia for prism.

Consider a prism of length L, breadth B and height H and let its

mass density be . The volume of the prism is then V = LBH and
its mass is, M =

LBH.

Suppose we cut a thin plate of thickness dz at a given as,

dm =

LB (dz)

its mass moment of inertia about the z axis is given as,

(dIZZ)mass = ((( LB)(L2 + B2))/12)(dz)

Hence mass moment of inertia of the prism is obtained by

integrating the above expression between the limits
limits {-H/2 to H/2}

(IZZ)mass = ((( LBH)(L2 + B2))/12)

Similarly,

(IZZ)mass = ((L2 + B2)(M))/12

(IXX)mass = ((L2 + H2)(M))/12
(IYY)mass = ((B2 + H2)(M))/12

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

3) Determine mass moment of inertia for Sphere.

Consider a sphere of radius R and mass density . Suppose we cut

a thin circular disc of radius r and thickness dz at a distance z
from the x-y plane its mass is given as,
dm = (r2)(dz)
Mass moment of inertia of the disc about the vertical z-axis is
given as,
(dIZZ)mass = dm (r2/2) = (r2)(dz)(r2/2)
= ((r4)/2)(dz)
Integrating on both sides,
limits {-R to R}
from fig,

r 2 = R 2 z2
(IZZ)mass = ( (((R2 z2)2)/2)dz
= (8/15) ( (R5))
We know that volume of the sphere is

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

V = (4/3)(R3)
M= V=

(4/3)(R3)
(IZZ)mass = (2/5) MR2

Due to symmetry, the mass moment of inertia remains same for

any axis passing through the centroid.
(IZZ)mass = (2/5) MR2 = (IXX)mass = (IYY)mass

4) Determine mass moment of inertia for Cone.

Consider a cone of base radius R, height H and mass density

oriented w.r.t the axes as shown in fig:

suppose we cut a circular disc of radius r and thickness dz at a

distance z from the origin. then its mass is given as,
dm =

(r2)(dz)

mass moment of inertia is given as,

(dIZZ)mass = dm (r2/2) = (r2)(dz)(r2/2)
= ((r4)/2)(dz)
Integrating on both sides,
limits {0 to H}
Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College

Mass Moment Of Inertia

From similar triangles,

(r/R) = (z/H)
(IZZ)mass =

(/2) (R4/H4)(z4) dz

= (1/10)

R4 H

We know that volume of the cone is, V = (1/3)R2H

M=

= (1/3)R2
(IZZ)mass = (3/10)MR2
Calculate (IXX)mass
The mass moment of inertia of the disc about an axis lying on its
plane is given as,
(dI'XX)mass = dm (r2/4)
= (r2)(dz)(r2/4)
From parallel axis theorem,
(dIXX)mass = (dI'XX)mass + dm(z)2
= (r2)(dz)(r2/4) +

(r2)(dz) (z)2

Integrating on both sides,

limits {0 to H}

Since (r/R) = (z/H)

(IXX)mass = (3/5)M((R2/4) + (H2)) =(IYY)mass

Y.Murali Krishna, M.Tech, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Bapatla Engineering College