Biomechanics and Physical Education

Summary
This paper aims to discuss the Biomechanics and Physical
Education. Questions remain about the possible contributions of
Biomechanics towards the various knowledge areas that
currently present themselves in multiple forms and contexts. It is
known that the activities related to physical education are many
and increasingly find themselves issues related to it.
Biomechanics besides being present in areas such as Engineering,
Physiotherapy, Veterinary Medicine and also is present in
physical education. Biomechanics as a science aims to
encompass the cinematic aspects, kinetic, electromyographic
and anthropometric human movement. These prospects can
relate it to the most diverse forms of movement that
encompasses physical education and one can still make a perfect
link between the contributions to Biomechanics brings to the
activities undertaken in the field of Physical Education. Thus,
scientific knowledge produced by Biomechanics is useful for
professionals working in physical education and also to those
who use it, it is one of the disciplines that contribute to the
knowledge that will make professionals working with related
activities the dimensions of physical education do a good job in
their professional activities. It should be noted that all
knowledge is important when you can make the relationship
between theory and practice.
Key words: Biomechanics. Physical Education.

Abstract

This text discusses the Biomechanics and the Physical

Education. Many questions are made about the possible
contributions of the Biomechanics to the several knowledge
areas, that now are in multiple forms and contexts. It is known
que the activities related with the Physical Education are many
and more and more themes linked to it are found. The
Biomechanics fouled being present in areas of Engineering,
Physiotherapy, Veterinary Medicine and Also is present in the
Physical Education. The Biomechanics while science seeks to
contemplate kinematic, kinetic, eletromiographic and
anthropometric aspects of the human movement. In these
perspectives it can be related to several forms of movement que
includes the Physical Education and the still to a perfect link
Among the contributions que brings the Biomechanics for the
activities accomplished in the field of the Physical Education. This
way, the scientific knowledge produced by the Biomechanics is
useful for the professionals que work in the Physical Education
And Also For Those que use it. It is one of the disciplines que
Contribute to the knowledge que will do that the professionals
que work with activities related to the dimensions of the Physical
Education make a good work in its professional activities. It
shouldnt be pointed October que the any kind of knowledge is
important when / it gets to the the relationship between theory
and practice.
Keywords: Biomechanics. Physical Education.

Introduction

Biomechanics

The human body is one of the leading man of the study

objects. To search for understanding its operation, contrasts with
its complexity, leading scientists and scholars to delve ever more
their studies. Within this context the Biomechanics is, which is a
discipline derived from natural science that is concerned with the
physical analysis of biological systems, examining, among others,
the effects of mechanical forces on the human body in everyday
movements, work and sport . In the twentieth century there
have been major technological advances that were reflected in
the experimental methods used in virtually every area of
scientific activities, including biomechanics, causing a major
breakthrough in measurement techniques, storage and
processing of data, these facts that contributed to the study and
better understanding of human movement.

Biomechanics is one of the methods to study how living things

(mostly men) adapt to the laws of mechanics when performing
voluntary movements. To Donskoy & Zatsiorsky (1988)
Biomechanics is the science of the laws of mechanical motion in
living systems and can also be defined as the application of
mechanics to living organisms and biological tissues. Nigg (1995)
defines Biomechanics as the science that examines the forces
acting externally and internally in a biological structure and the
effect produced by these forces and Hatze quoted in Nigg (1995)
states that it is the science of structures and functions of
biological systems using the knowledge and methods of
mechanics. Biomechanical Studies The different areas related to

the movement of human beings and animals, including: (a)

operating muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage and bone, (b)
loads and overloads of specific structures and (c) factors which
influence the performance . The Biomechanics of Sport is
dedicated to the study of the human body and the sports
movement in relation to physical-mechanical laws and principles,
including the anatomical and physiological knowledge of the
human body (Amadio, 1996). In Brazil, the results of research in
biomechanics have influenced directly in medicine, ergonomics,
manufacturing sports equipment and many other aspects of
human life (Nasser, 1995).

It can also assist in the production of knowledge for the

acquisition of techno-motor skills, which take into account the
characteristics of the participants, context and your organization,
enabling an effective learning (Crum, 1993). To Moro cited
Nasser (1995), the Biomechanics has followed the teaching of
techniques involving the musculoskeletal prevention of the
individual in everyday actions, thus preventing certain
unnecessary effort could damage their structures and their
motor action is rationalized.

The progress of Biomechanics as a scientific discipline that

studies the functions of living beings has become, over the past
three centuries, very broad and it resulted didactic multiple
divisions and demarcation of territory of scientific specialties
such as Biomechanics of Human Movement, Biomechanics and
Clinical Rehabilitation, Biomechanics and Biomaterials Fabrics,
Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Methods and Techniques of

Research in Biomechanics. Each of these areas, in turn, includes

various possibilities, such as the examples shown in Table 1.

Biomechanics as a discipline in the Physical Education

Not only Biomechanics like other scientific disciplines take into

account specific characteristics of a field of study related to the
various areas of Physical Education. When the professional is
part of the specific context of this profession, he realizes that in
the operational sense, the concepts determined for each science
are at least poor, and do not report the actual characteristics of
each field of knowledge. What currently is noted is the infinite
range of knowledge that the physical educator must master to
do their jobs. As the range of professional activities of the
different labor camps is being expanded, it is clear that many of
the useless knowledge judged show is extremely suitable to
those presented phenomena. It is typical that individuals who
know very little of the scientific branch, claim that it only pays for
a particular purpose. Statements like this, if taken as true hinder
the understanding of the real possibilities of applications of
information coming from any kind of scientific knowledge. It is
therefore of fundamental importance that simplistic arguments
are examined as to their degree of veracity, before being
adopted as valid forms to avoid as much as an early adoption as
an unconditional rejection. According Amadio & Duarte (1996)
should take into account each discipline that makes up the

spectrum investigating the movement as anthropometry,

functional anatomy, neurophysiology, general physiology,
biochemistry, sports psychology, sports medicine, sports
movement education, sociology , physics, mathematics and
processing of electronic signals and the very Biomechanics in a
multidisciplinary analysis, so that we can better understand the
complexity of the movement of the study. What must occur is
the ability of the teacher know how to use this knowledge
generates new knowledge consistent with the reality in which
your target audience is in, whether in clubs, gyms or schools.

In the case of Biomechanics, for example, it can be said that

this has an effective use as an educational tool. From its various
concepts, there is the different approaches and / or concerns
that it brings. The education act, admitted as the main action of
physical education in the school context, determines broad
possibilities. Firstly the biomechanics serves not only as the
movement and second argument is that, even when it is turned
to sports or high-yield forms not only does the possibility of
applications but more an area for its operations.

Biomechanics can still act with matters related to improving

the movement of technical, process improvement training,
improvement and environmental upgrading, improvement of
internal loads control mechanism locomotor system
improvement for simulating movements, instrumental for
technological improvement acquisition and processing of
biological signals and improvement of systems (hardware and

software) for analysis of movements and consequent practical

applications.

The conceptual link theories with field practices influences the

activity and the conduct of their work (McGinnis, 2002). One
must understand that traditional methods of teaching and
training show what and how to teach, while the biomechanics
allows us to understand why certain techniques are more
appropriate than others. More specifically, the Biomechanics
allows, among other things, improve performance in sports
activities, to improve the technique of performing movements,
improved equipment used in sports or day to day activities,
preventing damage and assist in the rehabilitation of injuries.
Biomechanics is concerned with the description, analysis and
interpretation of the movements of segments of the human
body through the application of the basic concepts of physics,
chemistry, mathematics, physiology, anatomy, etc. as an analysis
tool according Hay (1985) the contributions of sports
biomechanics are widely proclaimed, however, usually overemphasized, or even distorted in order to increase sales of the
product being advertised and are therefore virtually as a
measure of the impact that sports biomechanics has had in
practice. The sports biomechanics has had remarkable impact on
the technical teaching in physical education and sports.

In short, the biomechanics has had a much greater influence

on physical education practices than is generally acknowledged
or announced. Teachers, coaches and athletes often find
themselves in the situation to make a choice between two

techniques to get the same purpose. No doubt the biomechanics

can contribute to the realization of educational processes
involving bodily behaviors, more aware and consequently
marked by concrete intentionally pedagogical responsibilities.
Specifically in the school environment, knowledge of
biomechanics can contribute significantly to improving the
environment, health and quality of life of students. Taking good
practice examples can be cited backpacks carried by students
and school furniture. These two factors are the cause of, at least,
discomfort, and can lead to serious long-term damage to
children. The physical education teacher, knowing the
Biomechanical implications, can educate students, parents and
other teachers to at least minimize the harmful consequences.
After all, it is conceived professional of physical education as an
agent with responsibilities that go beyond physical education
classes.

References

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analysis. Sao Paulo, 1996.

AMADIO, AC sports biomechanics Fundamentals: considerations

on the kinetic analysis and neuromuscular aspects of the
movement. Thesis (Habilitation) - University of So Paulo, in
1996.

CRUM, B. Bulletin of Physical Education. Minutes of the IV

Congress of the Portuguese Society SPEF No. 7/8, 1993.

Donskoi, D. & Zatsiorsky, V. Biomechanics them physical

ejercicios. Moscow: Madrugada. 1988.

HAY, JG The Biomechanics the sports techiniques. Pretice-Hall:

New Jersey, 1985.

NASSER, JP Biomechanics of Sport / Physical Education. Origins

and trends in Brazil. The sports sciences in Brazil. Campinas, SP:
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Nigg, B. M & HERZOG, W. Biomechanics of the musculo-skeletal

system. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.