Javan Hawk Monitoring System Using

Context Awareness
Studi Case : Suaka Elang Salak Mountain

Deden Ardiansyah

Teddy Mantoro

Department of Master of Computer Science, Faculty of

Information Technology, University of Budi Luhur.
Jakarta, Indonesia
ardiansyahzhigadeden@gmail.com

Department of Master of Computer Science, Faculty of

Information Technology, University of Budi Luhur
Jakarta, Indonesia
tmantoro@gmail.com

Abstract Javanese eagle is a medium-sized hawk species

endemic on the island of Java. Since 1992 this species has been
designated as an endangered species in Indonesia, the Javan hawk
habitat amounts to about 600-1000 tail, this type of eagle is
inserted into the status of EN (Endangered / threatened with
extinction). Thus was formed a partnership organization which
was inaugurated on 25 November 2008 named asylum eagle. This
organization has a vision to create a media center for education
and conservation of birds of prey in the area TNGHS (Mist
Mountain Salak National Park) as a base cycle of ecological
sustainability as required in anticipation of changes in the
environment. The realization of the vision and the mission is done
by manually, To realize the vision of the mission, the author
intends to make the Javan hawk-eagle monitoring system using
context awareness. Context-awareness is the use of context to
provide task-relevant information and services interactively
between a user mobile computing device and surrounding
elements of the environment. Javan hawk monitoring models have
some requirements to be monitoring the Javan hawk in captivity
requires the following Internet Access, IP Camera, Sensor, Power
Source, Raspberry PI and all the requirements needed for the
monitoring of Javan hawk-eagle in captivity. Javan hawk
monitoring system using context awareness is a system built to
facilitate guard captivity, researchers and people who want to
study the activity of Javan hawk-eagle. This monitoring system,
there are many advantages such systems can only monitor and
Javan hawk eagle breeding environment of Java. (Abstract)
Keywords-component; Monitoring;
Raspberry, Sensor (key words)

I.

Context;

awareness;

INTRODUCTION (HEADING 1)

Javanese eagle is a medium-sized hawk species endemic on

the island of Java. Since 1992 this species has been designated
as an endangered species in Indonesia, the Javan hawk habitat
amounts to about 600-1000 tail. This small populations face a
major threat to sustainability, which is caused by loss of
habitat, exploitation of species, illegal logging, conversion of
forests to agricultural land, other than that, this is often a lot of
eagles hunted and traded on the black market as the pet.
therefore, this type of eagle is inserted into the status of EN
(Endangered / threatened with extinction). Similarly, the
Indonesian government set as the animals are protected by law.
Thus was formed a partnership organization which was
inaugurated on 25 November 2008, which consists of

government (Hall Mist Mountain Salak National Park, Center

for Conservation and Natural Resources, West Java, Great Hall
of the National Park of Mount Gede Pangrango, LIPI and
PusLitBangHut Conservation of Nature) NGOs (International
Animal Rescue, Indonesia Raptor, Raptor Conservation
Society, PILI-Green Network, PPS Cikananga and mata
ELANG) and private (Chevron Geothermal Salak) and selfhelp groups as a form of cooperation in the collaboration
between the government as mandated in Regulation P.19 /
Menhut-II / 2006 which is mutually beneficial for the
preservation of habitat and species conservation and the
organizations involved. With the aim to make the conservation
of endangered species of raptors such as eagles Java and other
types of birds of prey.
This organization has a vision to create a media center for
education and conservation of birds of prey in the area TNGHS
(Mist Mountain Salak National Park) as a base cycle of
ecological sustainability as required in anticipation of changes
in the environment. With two major missions is as follows:
1. Perform rescues, download asylum and release raptors
(birds of prey) confiscated or submissions from the
public in accordance with the IUCN standards and
regulations applicable Indonesian official.
2. Conduct public awareness efforts through environmental
education and ecotourism efforts are limited based birds
of prey.
The realization of the vision and the mission is done by
manually, To realize the vision of the mission, the author
intends to make the Javan hawk-eagle monitoring system using
context awareness.
II.

EASE OF USE

A. Context Awarenes
Context-awareness is the use of context to provide taskrelevant information and services interactively between a user
mobile computing device and surrounding elements of the
environment. A system is context-aware if it uses context to
provide relevant information and services to the user, where

relevancy depends on the users task (Abowd, Dey et al.

1999).
The key mechanism of context-awareness is (Abowd, Dey
et al. 1999; Mantoro and Johnson 2003):
Identity Awareness (Who), the awareness of the
environment to user identity; included in these categories
are user profile, persona, personalisation and user model.
Location Awareness (Where), the capacity of the
environment to recognise user location in open or closed
space.
Mobility Awareness, the capacity of the environment to
use distributed systems and mobile communication to
recognise the changing of a users location to another
location.
Activity Awareness (What), the awareness - sensitivity
and responsiveness - of the environment to the users
daily activity.
Context-Aware Computing in general is to make user
interaction with the computer easier in the Intelligent
Environment where technology is spread throughout
(pervasive), computers are everywhere at the same time
(ubiquitous) and technology is embedded (ambient) in that
environment. A context-aware application should reduce the
load of the user and adapt to them seamlessly (Kern, Schiele et
al. 2003; Lukowicz, Ward et al. 2004). While a user is doing
his daily activities, his access to the Intelligent Environment
should not be difficult, tedious or need considerable learning
on the part of the user. The interaction should be safe, easy,
simple and enable new functionality without need to learn a
new technology. As human activity is a central part of the user
context (Kern, Schiele et al. 2003), the context-aware system
would provide relevant information and a simple way for a user
to deal with the computing environment. Context information
cannot be supplied by the user. It should be sensed
automatically using sensors in the computing environment, in
making these smart environments have the capability to assist
and help people with a variety of activities by detecting a
userscurrent state/context to determine what actions to take
based on that context.

Transition activities in a dosage Javan hawk eagle to

the wild.

Activity Javan hawk after being in the outdoors.

For example, the activity of Javan hawk when in the

home cage will adapt back to where the first dosing, as well as
the transition from first dosing to dosing to two and to three to
activities eagle in the wild.
III.

JAVAN HAWK MONITORING MODEL

Javan hawk monitoring models have some requirements to

be monitoring the Javan hawk in captivity requires the
following :

Internet Access
IP Camera
Sensor
Power Source
Raspberry PI

all the requirements needed for the monitoring of Javan

hawk-eagle in captivity.
A. Internet Access
Internet access / wireless LAN required for control /
monitoring can be done remotely, the internet access is
required by this monitoring system. Access is made using a
wireless lan wireless hardware with sfesifikasi as follows:

System that uses ip camera can see whether the behavior of

Javan hawk eagle can be released into the wild or not. Because
usually workers treating the eagle must hide to see the eagle
activity. By using this system is expected to help facilitate the
monitoring officer for the Javan hawk-eagle was the
rehabilitation period to be ready to be issued to the wild.
B. Javan Hawk Activity
In context-aware computing activities Javan hawk found
the following concept :

Table 1.1
Hardware
Main Chipshet

Ralink RT5370 IEEE 802.11N

Host interface

USB 2.0/1.1 Type A

Dimensions

(Main body)16.414.7x58mm,
details refer to the figures

Net Weight

9.8 g

Performance

Transition activities Javan hawk eagle when it is in a

cage / cage home to a larger enclosure that was in the
first dosing.

Standards

IEEE802.11b/g & 802.11n (1T1R

mode, 150Mbps)

Antenna

2dBi undetachable antenna

Transition activities dosing Javan hawk-eagle in the

first place to the second dosing.

Operation Frequency

2412~2483.5 MHz (varies

according to different regions)

Transition activities in a dosage Javan hawk eagle to

du to a third eagle dosing is almost similar to the wild.

Typical Tx Power
(E.R.I.P)

Identify applicable sponsor/s here. If no sponsors, delete this text box. (sponsors)

802.11b (CCK)11Mbps: 19+/-1dBm;

802.11g (OFDM) 54Mbps: 16+/-1dBm
802.11n (HT20@MCS7), 15+/-1dBm;
802.11n (HT40@MCS7),15+/-1dB

802.11b: -86+/-1dBm; 802.11g: -74+/-1dBm

Receive Sensitivity

802.11n (HT20), -70+/-1dBm; 802.11n

(HT40), -70+/-1dBm

Software
Security

WEP 64/128bit , WPA, WPA2,

802.1x, and 802.11i,Cisco CCS
Compliant

Operation System

Linux 2.4/2.6 (support for ARM,

MIPSII);
Windows 2000/XP/Vista/7 (for
X86 platform);
MacOS

Security

WEP 64/128bit , WPA, WPA2,

802.1x, and 802.11i,Cisco CCS
Compliant

Operation Condition
Voltage
Range/Current

DC 5.0V 5% / <160mA
Operation: -10C 60C;
Storage:-20C 70C

B. IP Camera
Ip camera used for this system is a regular webcam camera
with usb port specification requirements and can be operated in
linux os. After that, the webcam is connected to the module
with usb hub raspberries and configured according to the needs
of the system used. Ip camera is used to monitor activity within
the Javan hawk penagkaran and calculate the speed of the
move, as well as the eagle's behavior.

Picture 1 : Block Diagram

E. Raspberry PI
Raspberry Pi (also known as Raspi) is a SBC (Single
Board Computer) developed credit card-sized Raspberry Pi
Foundation in the United Kingdom (UK) with a view to
triggering the teaching of basic computer science in schools.
(agfi.staff.ugm.ac.id, 2013)
Raspberry Pi using a system on a chip (SoC) of the
Broadcom BCM2835, also has included an ARM1176JZF-S
700 MHz, VideoCore IV GPU and 512 MB of RAM (for
model B rev 2). Do not use a hard disk, but use the SD Card
for booting and long-term data storage. adapaun raspberry
specs as follows :
Table 2 : Spesifikasi Raspberry

SoC
CPU
GPU

C. Sensor
The sensor is a component used to detect and process
variations in motion, heat, light, or magnetic rays and
chemicals into other forms. Sensors in the system is required to
detect the condition of breeding space. Sensors are needed in
captivity is space temperature sensor, humidity.
D. Power Source
Power / Power Source is required to run this monitoring
system using solar resources that are tailored to the needs of
each module power source such as raspberry PI module,
sensor module and IP camera module. Preparation of design
specifications and powerbank solar testing with 5 volt DC
output as follows :
It uses a DC voltage source output from the solar panel
polycrystalline types.
The series voltage regulator to stabilize the voltage from
the solar panels.
Battery storage circuit to regulate the voltage of the
regulator circuit that can charge powerbank.
USB cable as a liaison between the tool with the object to
be filled batteries (smartphones)
System block diagram below illustrates the overall system
tools made, starting from the inputs used to output produced.

Memory (SDRAM)
USB 2.0 ports
Video outputs
Audio Output
Onboard storage
Network Interface
Card
Low-level
peripherals
Power
Source Power
Measure
weight
Operating System

IV.

Model A
Model B
Broadcom BCM2835 (CPU, GPU, DSP, SDRAM,
and single USB port)
700 MHz ARM1176JZF-S core (ARM11 family)

Broadcom VideoCore IV

OpenGL ES 2.0 (24 GFLOPS)

MPEG-2 and VC-1, 1080p30 h.264/MPEG-4

AVC high-profile decoder and encoder
512 MB
256 MB
1
2
Composite RCA (PAL and NTSC), HDMI (rev 1.3 &
1.4), raw LCD Panels via DSI
14 HDMI resolutions from 640350 to 19201200
plus various PAL and NTSC standards.
3.5 mm jack, HDMI, board versi 2
SD / MMC / SDIO card slot
10/100 Ethernet (8P8C)
Nothink
USB adapter on the third
port of the USB hub
8 GPIO, UART, IC bus, SPI bus with two chip
selects, IS audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground
300 mA (1.5 W)
700 mA (3.5 W)
5 volt via MicroUSB or GPIO header
85.60 mm 53.98 mm (3.370 in 2.125 in)
45 g (1.6 oz)
Arch Linux ARM, Debian, Fedora, FreeBSD, Plan
9, Raspbian OS, RISC OS, Slackware Linux

DESIGN OF MONITORING SYSTEM

From the picture above we need some configuration that

the system in the image above can work well done is the first
configuration as server configuration Raspberri duty to provide
IP addresses to clients that will access the camera that has been
prepared. After the configuration of IP cameras and sensors
connected to the raspberry pi is configured as a server.

is used, the username and password. Because we have a

raspberry pi configuration using the IP 192.168.14.7 and the
username is pi, then the commands used are ssh
pi@192.168.14.7.
Pi is the username that is in raspbian, and 192.168.14.7 is
the IP address of the raspberry pi. After performing the
command if it has not been to ssh to the IP address will display
a question to the device remotely or not.

After answering with "yes", then we have to input the

password the remote username that we will, in this case the
username pi. After that will come in as a page on the monitor
raspberry pi.

Picture 2 : Design Implementation System

A. Configure raspberry As Server

Prior to the installation of raspberries as a dhcp server first
thing to do is install the configuration repository raspberry
after raspberry order to update and upgrade the raspberries.
Once this was done to make the dhcp server on raspberry
configure IP (Internet Protocol) so that when the raspberry
static restart will use a fixed IP or equal to the current IP
configuration, it can be done with the following command:

nano /etc/network/interfaces
then the configuration interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.14.7
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.14.1
configuration interface
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet static
address 10.10.10.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.14.1

Picture 4 : Remote Configuration

Configuring dhcp server

DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) is the protocol
used to provide automatic IP network directly connected to the
relevant interface. DHCP is one of the most frequently used
services and server dirouter. There are several names for the
DHCP server package, but this time the author uses udhcpd
package. The authors use a package udhcpd because it is easy
to configure, lightweight, and not much dependency package
must be installed.
Udhcpd Installation
This installation package dhcpd by :
apt-get install udhcpd
Udhcpd Configuration
There are two files that must be configured for dhcpd, the
first configuration udhcpd.conf first file that is in the command
/etc/udhcpd.conf
nano /etc/udhcpd.conf
Raspberry Pi Configuration As Access Point
The concept of the access point here is that the USB dongle
that was previously used to capture the signal, convert it to
spread the signal, so it can be used for the access point.
Package used is hostapd.

Picture 3 : Interface Configuration

In this paper, the authors do a remote raspberry pi with SSH

because the SSH protocol is more secure, and is installed
automatically in raspbian. With this we can configure without
the need for a monitor. Prior to ssh first we need to know the IP

Hostapd Installation
Because service hostapd by default not exist, therefore we
must first install with the command:
apt-get install hostapd

the configuration of the storage place to put the results of

image and video capture results and resolution settings, setting
device that is used as a webcam IP camera. So the appearance
of IP cameras later we can see on the web browser.
Motion Installation and Configuration
Before configuring motion, prior to the installation of
motion commands :
apt-get install motion libv4l-0
Picture 4 : Hostapd Configuration

Hostapd Configuration
As udhcpd installation, installation hostapd will also
automatically download and mengompile. Wait until the
installation is complete, the installation process as shown
below :
First we configure the files that are in
/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf hostapd.conf. To configure can
use the command :

Libv4l-0 is a library that is used to run a webcam motion

such as IP Camera.
After installing motion we configure file motion in
/etc/motion/motion.conf. First we set the daemon be on.
Functions is that the daemon (service minimum that runs
behind the terminal) can runs.

Then the setting to display the length and width of the

image that will appear in the web browser. Configure the
length and width of the standard value is 352 width x
288.

After that the frame rate settings on the default value is

100, but the author uses the value 60. Frame_rate used to
determine how many images can be captured / taken in
one second.

Then at the minimum setting motion frames, setup aims

to determine the minimum amount for pendekteksian a
movement. So what if there is at least one change when
the capture then that's called a movement, thus setting the
value minimum_motion_frames be 1:

After that, a set of pre capture to 3. Pre Capture is used to

determine the number of images captured before the
detection of movement. Recommended value between 0
to 5, great value causes movement is not smooth for
MPEG files. To be smooth, use values greater than
post_capture. So the authors use the value pre_capture to
4 and post_capture to 3.

Furthermore, the normal output settings be on. this

configuration by default worth on, but the value that can

nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
The file is not there so the file is still empty, fill in the
following configurations :
interface=wlan0
driver=nl80211
ssid=My_AP
hw_mode=g
channel=6
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=My_Passphrase
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
After the configuration file hostapd.conf, then the
configuration file / etc / default / hostapd with command
nano / etc / default / hostapd. After executing the
command, a window nanoscale, address configuration
daemon by entering the location and name of the file
that has hostapd.conf we make the following.
DAEMON_CONF=/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

The configuration for the wireless transmitter has been

completed, the next to run hostapd using hostapd start
service command:
service hostapd start
B. IP Camera Configuration
Motion is used to configure the IP camera.Dalam webcam
as a motion works like any other service, which is configured
via the command line. Motion does not like the service IP
cameras in general, motion save in image format, but also
provides a motion video format, which is play the video format
image files. In this stage we configure some settings, such as

be filled is on, off, first, best, center. When set to 'first',

only the first images of an event are stored. Images with
motion events largely saved when set to 'best'. Picture
with motion nearest center of the image is saved when set
to 'center'.

After the configuration of quality to 100, this is a value in

percent, so that the value can be filled between 0 - 100.
This value affects the output will be displayed.

The next step for ffmpeg_video_codec configuration,

ffmpeg_video_codec is the configuration for the codec
to be used by ffmpeg as video compression. by default it
will contain the value MPEG1 and will make the output
of the video file extension .mpg. mpeg4 or msmpeg4
will create a file with the extension .avi. Msmpeg4
Recommended for use with Windows Media Player
because does not require the installation of codec on the
Windows client. Swf will make a flash file with the
extension .swf. Flv flash video files will make with the
extension flv. As for Mov, ffv1 used for testing. The
author fills with mpeg4 ffmpeg_video_codec value that
will create a file with the avi format.

Furthermore, the configuration of control ports for port

webcams later using port 8081 until 8083, then for
control_port author using port 8080.

After then we configure the control port control

localhost, This parameter functions like parameter
webcam localhost serves to switch the webcam view,
whether displayed on localhost and not looked at another
computer, or displayed on another computer, but can not
appear in raspberries. The author fills control localhost
value with the value off, due to be configured without
direct access.

Then after configuring control localhost, we next

configure authentication control, these parameters serves
to configure a username and password so that not
everyone can configure the IP Camera. Configuration
parameters for this author using the username and
password pi pie.

Lastly for the configuration file is a parameter

motion.conf thread. Thread is the file extension or file
extension of the file motion.conf. in a nutshell thread file
is used to add a webcam or camera, and configuration
more optimal specification for each webcam or camera.
Configuration This is very easy, because just remove the
semicolon in front of the thread name, and we fill in the
address of the file thread.

After the configuration file motion.conf, then we

configure the file threads that amount to three, since we
use 3 camera webcam. Our first thread1.conf
configuration file that is on video device parameters.
author fills the device address of the webcam is / dev /
video0. Further thread2 file will use the address of the
device / dev / video1 and file thread3 will use the
address of the device / dev / video2

Next we configure the text left, left text used for displays
text that is in the lower left corner of the output capture
camera. This text serves to notification camera, so if
there is one problematic camera we can know where the
camera is problem. The author fills in the order
parameter configuration camera, the result on file
thread1.conf author fills with camera 1, and the author
thread2.conf file fills with camera 2, while the for file
thread3.conf author fills with camera 3.

Then for the webcam port also we give the semicolon at

the beginning of the configuration, so that functions like
IP cameras that will bring each one camera one port.

After we webcam_port configuration, we further

configuration webcam quality. This parameter value in
percent, so the authors use the value 80 to fill
webcam_quality
configuration.

Then we localhost webcam configuration, configure this

parameter to function to switch the webcam display,
whether displayed in localhost and does not appear on
another computer, or displayed on another computer but
not could appear in raspberries. Because the function of
IP cameras that can be seen in another computer, the
authors use the value off to fill the configuration
webcam_localhost.

Picture 5 Blok Diagram Power Cell

Then targetdir configuration, the configuration of this

parameter is the address where the files will reside.
Because raspberry pi using sd card as storage and sd card
storage capacity is too small, then we using the external
hard drive as a place to store it. we can mounted
anywhere and here the authors placed the mount point
in / media. So the author of the configuration file is
target_dir thread1.conf / media / webcam / camera1, to
file thread2.conf is target_dir / media / webcam /
camera2 while thread3.conf file is target_dir / media /
webcam / camera3.

Furthermore, the last configuration is a configuration

parameter webcam port, This is the address that is used
to configure the port address will be called in the
browser, this configuration makes the webcam such as IP
cameras, because each webcam will have address
different. To this writer parameter configuration using the
port 8081 for thread1.conf files, and port 8082 for file
thread2.conf and last port 8083 to file thread3.conf. So
the camera will first be called with the address
192.168.14.7:8081, and the second camera will be called
192.168.14.7:8082 address, while using the camera 3
192.168.14.7:8083 address.

This architecture typically has multiple ICs including

MCU and battery power management ICs. Some of the
disadvantages of this approach are as follows.
Low-efficiecncy in linear charger
Architecture results in larger PCB and solution size
Needs additional Battery protection board

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Javan hawk monitoring system using context awareness is a
system built to facilitate guard captivity, researchers and people
who want to study the activity of Javan hawk-eagle. In
addition, with the captive breeding of this monitoring system
could more easily monitor activity, and environmental
conditions of captive Javan hawk. Thus, stakeholders who need
information about Javan hawk when in captivity can use this
system.
This monitoring system, there are many advantages such
systems can only monitor and Javan hawk eagle breeding
environment of Java. System still needs a lot of improvement
in terms of context awareness such as user location, user
activity, user mobility and user environment so that the system
can be more efficient in terms of conservation of Javan hawkeagle.
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exclusive
digital-signal-acquisition
technique
and
temperature & humidity sensing technology. By using these
sensors we do not need to convert analog to digital we only
need a 10 K resistor to get the data of temperature and
humidity sensor signal
D. Power Bank Solar Cell Configuration

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