CHAPTER-13

CURRENT ELECTRICITY
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.
2.

An electric bulb rated for 500 W at 100 V is used in a circuit having a 200 V supply. The resistance R that must
be put in series with the bulb delivers 500 W is ..... .
(1987, 2M)
The equivalent resistance between points A and B of the circuit given below is ......
(1997, 2M)
2R
A

3.

2R

In the circuit shown below, each battery is 5 V and has an internal resistance of 0.2. The reading of V is
...............
(1997, 2M)

TRUE/FALSE
1.
2.

Electrons in a conductor have no motion in the absence of a potential difference across it.
(1982; 2M)
The current voltage graphs for a given metallic wire at two different temperatures T1 and T2 are shown in the figure.
The temperature T2 is greater than T1 .
(1985; 3M)
I
T1

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

2.

The current i in the circuit (see figure) is :

(1983; 1M)

Only One option is correct :

1. In the circuit shown in figure the heat produced in the
5 resistor due to the current flowing through it is 10
cal/s.
(1981; 2M)
4

i
30

2V

30

30

The heat generated in the 4 resistor is :

(a) 1 cal/s
(b) 2 cal/s
(c) 3 cal/s
(d) 4 cal/s

231

(a)

1
A
45

(b)

1
A
15

(c)

1
A
10

(d)

1
A
5

3.

4.

5.

A piece of copper and another of germanium are

cooled from room temperature to 80 K. The resistance
of :
(1988; 1M)
(a) each of them increases
(b) each of them decrease
(c) copper increase and germanium decreases
(d) copper decreases and germanium increases
Read the following statements carefully :(1993; 2M)
Y : The resistivity of semiconduor decreases with
increase of temperature.
Z : In a conducting soild, the rate of collisions between free electrons and ions increase with increases of temperature.
Select the correct statement (s) from the following :
(a) Y is true but Z is false
(b) Y is false but Z is true
(c) Both Y and Z are true
(d) Y is true and Z is the correc reason for Y

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8.

7.

A
A
A
A

IR =
IP =
IQ =
IQ =

P
S

IG
IG
IG
IR

In the given circuit, it

is observed that the
current I is independent of the value of
the resistance R 6 .
Then, the resistance
values must satisfy :
(2001; 2M)

R5
R2

R1

R6
R3

R4

(c) R1 R4 = R2 R3
(d) R1 R3 = R2 R4

4
(a)
9

6.

0.50
0.25
0.50
0.25

1
1
1
1
(b) R + R = R + R + R + R
5
6
1
2
3
4

4R

(c)

is
is
is
is

(a) R1 R2 R5 = R3 R4 R6
R

6R

resistor
resistor
resistor
resistor

9.

In the circuit shown P R,

the reading of galvanomter
is same with switch S open
or closed. Then :
(1999; 2M)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

A battery of internal resistance 4 is connected to the

network of resistance as shown. In order that the
maximum power can be delivered to the network, the
value of R in should be :
(1995; 2M)
R

the 3
the 3
the 4
the 4

(b) 2

8
3

(d) 18

A steady current flows in a metallic conductor of nonuniform cross-section. The quantity/quantities constant along the length of the conductor is/are :
(1997; 2M)
(a) current, electric field and drift speedc
(b) drift speed only
(c) current and drift speed
(d) current only

10. A wire of length L and 3 identical cells of negligible

internal resistance are connected in series. Due to the
current, the temperature of the wire increases by T in
a time t. A number N of similar cells is now connected
in series with a wire of the same material and crosssection but of length 2L. The temperature of the wire
is raised by the same amount T in the same time. The
value of N is :
(2001; 2M)
(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 9
11. In the given circuit, with steady current, the potential
drop across the capacitor must be :
(2001; 2M)
V

In the circuit shown in the figure, the current through:

(1998; 1M)
2

2
2V

9V

(a) V
(c) V/3

232

2R

(b) V/2
(d) 2V/4

12. The effective resistance between points P and Q of the

electrical circuit shown in the figure is : (2002; 2M)
2R

2R

15. In the shown arrangement of the experiment of the

meter bridge if AC corresponding to null deflection of
glavanometer is x, what would be its value if the radius
of the wire AB is doubled?
(2003; 5)

2R
r

2R

(a)

2Rr
R+r

2R

(b)

(c) 2r + 4R

R2

R1

2R

(d)

8R ( R + r )
3R + R

G
A

5R
+ 2r
2

13. A 100 W bulb B1 , and two 60 W bulbs B2 and B3 , are

connected to a 250 V source, as shown in the figure.
Now W1 , W2 and W3 are the output powers of the
bulbs B1 , B2 and B3 respectively. Then: (2002; 2M)

(b) x/4
(d) 2x

16. The three resistance of equal value are arranged in the

different combinations shown below. Arrange them in
increasing order of power dissipation : (2003; 2M)
i

B2

B1

II

B3

250V

(a) W1 > W2 = W3
(c) W1 < W2 = W3

(a) x
(c) 4x

(b) W1 > W2 > W3

(d) W1 < W2 < W3

III

IV

(a) III < II < IV < I (b) II < III < IV < I
(c) I < IV < III < II (d) I < III < II < IV

14. Express which of the following set up can be used to

verifty Ohm's law?
(2003; 2M)
A

17. Six equal resistance are connected between point P, Q

and R as shown in the figure. Then, the net resistance
will be maximum between :
(2004; 2M)
P

(b)

(a)

(a) P and Q
(c) P and R
V

(c)

(d)

(b) Q and R
(d) any two points

18. For the post office box arrangement to determine the

value of unknown resistance, the unknown resistance
should be connected between :
(2004; 2M)

233

23. A 4F capacitor, a resistance of 2.5 M is in series

with 12V battery. Find the time after which the potential difference across the capacitor is 3 times the
potential difference across the resistor. [Given in (2) =
0.693]
(2005; 2M)
(a) 13.86s
(b) 6.93s
(c) 7s
(d) 14s
24. Two bars of radius r and 2r are kept in contact as
shown. An electric current I is passed through the
bars. Which one of the following is correct?
(2006; 3M)

A
C1

B1

(a) B and C
(c) A and D

l/2

(b) C and D
(d) B1 And C1

19. A capacitor is charged using an external battery with

a resistance x in series. The dashed line shows the
variatio of in I with respect to time. If the resistance is
changed to 2x, the new graph will be : (2004; 2M)

C
A

(a) Heat produced in bar BC is 4 times the heat

produced in bar AB
(b) Electric field in both halves is equal
(c) Current density across AB is double that of across
BC
(d) Potential difference across AB is 4 times that of
across BC

Q
P
t

(a) P
(c) R

S
R

In I

l/2

2r

25. Find the time constant for the given RC circuits in

correct order.
(2006; 3M)

(b) Q
(d) S

20. A moving coil galvanometer of resistance 10

0 is
used as an ammeter using a resistance 0.1 . The
maximum deflection current in the galvanometer is 100
A. Find the minimum current in the circuit, so that the
ammeter shown maximum deflection :
(2003; 2M)
(a) 100.1 mA
(b) 10001.1 mA
(c) 10.01 mA
(d) 1.01 mA

R1
C1
R2

C1
R1

C2

C2

R2

21. A rigid containder with thermally insulated walls contains a coil of resistance 100, carrying current 1A.
Change in internal energy after 5 min will be: (2005)
(a) zero
(b) 10 kJ
(c) 20 kJ
(d) 30 kJ

R1

C1

22. Find out the value of current through 2 resistnace for

the given circuit.
(2005; 2M)
R2

10V

10
2

(a) 5A
(c) zero

(b) 2A
(d) 4A

20V

C2

R1 = 1, R2 = 2, C1 = 4F, C2 = 2F
(a) 18, 4, 8/9
(b) 18, 8/9, 4
(c) 4, 18, 8/9
(d) 4, 8/9, 18
26. A circuit is connected as shown in the figure with the
switch S open. When the switch is closed, the total

234

(d) Capacitor C1 , losses 50% of its initial charge

sooner than C2 loses 50% of its initial charge

amount of charge that flows from Y to X is :

(2007; 3M)
3F

6F

2.

A microammeter has a resistance of 100 and full

scale range of 50A. It can be used as a voltmeter or
as a higher range ammeter provided a reisstance is
added to it. Pick the correct range and resistance
combination (s) :
(1991; 2M)
(a) 50 V range with 10 k resistance in series
(b) 10 V range wih 200 k resistance in series
(c) 5 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel
(d) 10 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel

3.

When a potential difference is applied across, the

current passing through :
(1999; 3M)
(a) an insulator at 0 K is zero
(b) a semiconductor at 0 K is zero
(c) a metal at 0 K is finite
(d) a p-n diode at 300 K is finite, if it is reverse biased

4.

For the circuit shown in the figure

9V

(a) Zero
(c) 27C

(b) 54C
(d) 81C

27. A resistance of 2 is connected across one gap of a

metre-bridge (the length of the wire is 100 cm) and an
unknown resistance, greater than 2, is connected
across the other gaph. When these resistance are
interchang,d the balance point shifts by 20 cm. Neglecting any correcions, the unknown resistance is :
(2007; 3M)
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6

2k R1

28. Figure shows three resistor configuratioR

ns
1, R2 and
R3 connected to 3 V battery. If the power dissipated by
the configuration R1, R2 and R3 is P1, P2 and P3,
respectively then
(2008; 3M)

24V 6k

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

(2009; M)

R2

RL

1.5k

the current I through the battery is 7.5 mA

the potential difference across RL is 18 V
ratio of powers dissipated in R1 and R2 is 3
if R1 and R2 are interchanged, magnitude of the
power dissipated in RL will decrease by a factor
of 9.

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
(a) P1 > P2 > P3
(c) P2 > P1 > P3

1.

(b) P1 > P3 > P2

(d) P3 > P2 > P1

In the circuit shown in figure E1 = 3V, E2 = 2V, E3 =

1V and R = r1 = r2 = r3 = 1.
(1981; 6M)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
More than one options are correct?
1.

Capacitor C1 of capcitance 1F and capacitor C2 of

capacitance 2F are separately charged fully by a
common battery. The two capacitors are then separately allowed to discharge through equal resistors at
time t = 0.
(1989; 2M)
(a) The current in each of the two discharging circuits
is zero at t = 0
(b) The current in the two discharging circuits at t =
0 are equal but not zero
(c) The currents in the two discharging circuits at
t = 0 are unequal

r1

E1

r2

E2

r3
E3

2.

235

(i) Find the potential difference between the points A

and B and the currents through each branch.
(ii) If r2 is short circuited and the point A is connected
to point B, find the current throuugh E1, E2, E3 and
the resistor R.
Calculate the steady state current in the 2 resistor
shown in the circult (see figure). The internal resis-

tance of the battery is negligible and the capacitance

of the condenser C is 0.2 F
(1982; 5M)

7.

An infinite ladder network of resistances is constructed

with 1 and 2 resistances, as shown in figure.
The 6 V battery between A and B has negligible
internal resistance.
(1987; 7M)

3
C

A
6V

2.8

V = 6volt

3.

4.

5.

A steady current passes througt a cylindrical conductor. Is there an electric field inside the conductor?
(1982; 2M)
Two resistors, 400 and 800 are connected in series
with a 6 V battery. It is desired to measure the current
in the circuit. An ammeter of 10 resistance is used for
this purpose. What will be the reading in the ammeter
? Similarly, if a voltmeter of 1000 resistance is useed
to measure the potential differences across the 400
resistor, what will be the reading in he voltmeter?
(1982; 6M)
In the circuit shown in figure E, F, G, H, are cells of
emf 2, 1, 3, and 1V respectively. and their internal
resistances are 2, 1, 3 and 1 respectively.
Calculate :
(1983; 8M)
(i) the potential difference between B and D and
(ii) the potenial difference across the termainls of
each cells G and H.

(i) Shown that the effective resistance between A and

B is 2.
(ii) What is the current that passes through that 2
resistance nearest to the battery?
8.

400
200

l2
l1

3
3 2A a 3A 5
4F

100

100

1A

R4

An electrical circuit is shown in figure. Calculate the

potential difference across the resistor of 400 as will
be measured by the voltmeter V of resistance 400
either by applying Kirchhoff's rules or otherwise.
(1996; 6M)

A part of circuit in a steady state along with the

currents flowing is the branches, the values of resistances etc., is shown in the figure. Calculate the
energy stored in the capacitor C (4F). (1986; 4M)

4V

R3

E1 = 3E2 = 2E3 = 6V R1 = 2R2 = 6

R3 = 2R2 = 4W C = 5 F.
Find the current in R3 and the energy stored in the
capacitor.
9.

6.

E2 R2

E3

(1988; 5M)
E1

R1

E
A

An the given circuit :

100

10V
3V

1
2A

b 3A 2
3
1A

6A

10. Find the emf (V) and internal resistance (r) of a single
battery which is equivalent to a parallel combination of
two batteries of emfs V1 and V2 and internal resistance
r1 and r2 respectively, with polarities as shown in
figure
(1997C; 5M)
236

11. A leaky parallel; plane capacitor is filled completely

with a material having dielectric constant k = 5 and
electrical condutivity = 7.4 1012 1 m1 . If the
charge on the plane at instant t = 0 is q = 8.85 mC, then
calculate the leakage current at the instant t = 12s.
(1997C; 8M)
12. In the circuit shown in figure, the battery is an ideal
one, with emf V. The capacitor is initially uncharged.
The switch S is closed at time t = 0.
(1988; 8M)
S

resistance of 100 , two galvanometers and two resistances of values 106 and 103 respectively. Clearly
show the positions of the voltmeter and the ammeter.
(2004; 4M)
16. R1 , R2 , R3 are difference values of R, A, B, C are the
null points obtainec corresponding to R1 , R2 and R3
respectively. For which resistor the value of X will be
the most accurate and why?
(2005; 2M)
X
R

G
V

(a) Find the charge Q on the capacitor at time t.

(b) Find the current in AB at time t. What is its limiting
value as t ?
13. A thin uniform wire AB of length 1 m, an unknown
resistance X and a resistance of 12 are connected by
thick conducting strips, as shown in the figure. A
battery and galvanometer (with a sliding jockey connected to it are also available). Connections are to be
made to measure the unknown resistance X using the
principle of wheatstone bridge. Answer the following
questions.
(2002; 5M)

17. At t = 0, switch S is closed. The charge on the

capacitor is varying with time as Q = Q0 (1 et ).
Obtain the value of Q0 and a in the given circuit
parameter.
(2005; 4M)
R1
S
C

R2

ASSERATION AND REASON

12

X
A

(a) Are there positive and negative terminals on the

galvanometer?
(b) Copy th figure in your answer book and shown
the battery and the galvanometer (with jockey)
connected at appropriate points.
(c) After appropriate connections are made, it is found
that no deflection takes place in the galvanometer
whne the sliding jockey touches the wire at a
distance of 60 cm from A. Obtain the value of the
resistance X.

1.

14. Show by diagram, how can be use a rheostate as the

potential divider?
(2003; 2M)
15. Draw the circuit for experimental verificaion of Ohm's
law using a source of variable DC voltage, a main

237

This question contains, statemen I (assertion) and

statement II (reason).
Statement-I : In a meter bridge experiment, null point
for an unknown resistance is measured. Now, the
unknown resistance is put inside an enclosure
maintained at a higher temperature. The null point can
be obtained at the same point as before by decreasing
the value of the standard resistance.
(2008; 3M)
Because :
Statement-II : Resistance of a metal increases with
increase in temperature.
(a) Statement-I is true, statement -II is true, statementII is a correct explanation for statmeent-I
(b) statemen-I is true, statement-II is true; statementII is NOT a correct explanaion for statmeent-I
(c) statement-I is true, statement-II is false
(d) statement-I is false, statement-II is true

ANSWERS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. 20

2.

R
2

3. zero

TRUE/FALSE
1. F

2. T

OBJECTIVE QUESTION (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1.
8.
15.
22.
28.

(b)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(c)

2. (c)
9. (c)
16. (a)
23.(a)

3.
10.
17.
24.

(d)
(b)
(a)
(a)

4. (c)
11. (c)
18. (c)
25. (b)

5. (b)
12. (a)
19. (b)
26. (c)

6.
13.
20.
27.

(d)
(d)
(a)
(a)

7. (d)
14. (a)
21. (d)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

1. (b, d)

2. (b, c)

3.(a, b, d)

4. (a, d)

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. (i) 2V, 1A, 0, 1A (ii) 1A, 2A, 1A, 2A
5. (i)

2
21
19
V (ii)
V,
V
13
13
13

8. 1.5 A from right to left, 1.44 105 J

2. 0.9 A

3. Yes

6. 0.288 mJ

7. (ii) 1.5 A

9.

CV
(1 e 2t / 3RC )
2

12. (a) Q =

13. (a) No (c) 8

16. B is most accurate answer

V1 r2 V2 r1
r1 r2
10. V = r + r , r = r + r
1
2
1
2

20
V
3

(b) l 2 =

11. 0.198 A

4. 4.96 mA, 1.58 V

l
V 2t / 3RC V

e
,
2R 6R
2R

CVR2
R1 + R2
17. Q0 = R + R , = C R R
1
2
1 2

ASSERTION AND REASON

1. (d)

SOLUTIONS
FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.

To give 500 W output, the bulb must have 100 V

across it. As the supply voltage is 200 V remaining
100 V must be shared by series resistance with same
current I =

2R
A

P 500
=
= 5A
V 100

Required series resistor R =

2.

Q as same point and B and P as same points, all three

resistors become in parallel.
P 2R

R
Q

the equivalent resistance required =

V 100
=
= 20 .
I
5

R
2

2R
A, Q

Points A and Q should have same potential and also

B and P should have same potential considering A and

2R

B, P

3.
238

As one cell is connected in reverse order

we

resistance will increase in cooling.

Correct option is (d).

6E 3 5
75
=
=
A which causes
8r
4 0. 2 4
the charging of this cell its terminal p.d. is
have current I =

75
0 .2
4

VT = E + Ir = 5 +

VT =

4.

35
= 8.75 V
4

TRUE/FALSE

free e and vibration amplitude of kernals, the fre-

1.

Due to thermal energy and thermal velocity free e

move in straight line inside conductor till they collide
with kernals. C overall motion becomes random along
a zig-zag path).

2.

Rt = R0 (1 + t )

higher the resistance has higher temperature.

V
1
But R = I = Slope

quency of collision of free e and ions increases with

temperature. (resulting in decreawe in relaxation time
and increase in resistivity and resistance)
Z is true
But Z does not explain Y option (c)
5.

RT1 > RT1 hence T2 > T1 .

In 5 resistor

Vd =

I
depends upon A
neA

J = E =
6
Q

7.

I
I
E=
depends upon A.
A
A

Net equivalent of circuit is 10

I through 3 resistors = 9/10 = 0.9A
R AB = 4 V AB = 0.9 4 = 3.6V

Two sides have series combination of 30 each and

the remaining side is in parallel to this series combination.

Req =

We can consider all

parts, of this non uniform conductor, in series I is
same throughout.

V
I in 4 and 6 is PQ

4 + 6

3R 6R
= 2 R 2R = 4 gives R = 2
3R + 6 R

6.

2.

Req =

H VPQ
50
.4 =
=
.4 = 2 cal/s
In 4 resistor

t 4+6
100

I in 2 resistor between A and C is

=

30 60
= 20
30 + 60

3 .6
= 0.45 A
8
3

2
1
=
A
20 10
Correct option is (c).

9V

and RCd = 4 VCD = 0.45 4 = 1.8V

2

1A

Hence, I =

Copper, being a metal, has positive temperature coefficient of resistance its resistance decreases in
cooling Germanium is a semiconductor and it has
negative temperature coefficient of resistance its

i4

239

i2
8
i1

3.

= r (internal resistance)

= 4
But network is a balanced wheatstone Bridge

2
H VPQ
2
=
= 10 cal/s VPQ
= 50
t
5

To deliver maximum power to the network we must

have Req (network)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (ONLY ONE OPTION)

1.

As semiconductors have negative temperature coefficient (due to increase in number density of charge
carriers with rise in temperature)
their resistivity decreases with the rise in temperature.
Y is true
In conducting solids, due to rise in thermal speeds of

i2
2

I through 4 is

4
i3
D

1.8V
= 0.225 A
8

no option is correct??
If one of these 3 is changed to 2
(d)
8.

Reading of (a) remains same with the switch open or

closed
Wheatstone bridge is balanced.
no current through key S while closed

9.

Vcap + V = V AB =

I R = Ia
(a)

Vcap = V

2V V
=
3
3

12. Circuit is symmetric on two sides of AOB points

A, O, and B are at same potential. No current flows
through A, O, B joining these points we have
following equivalent circuit.

As I is indepenent of R6 wheatstone bridge is

balanced

2V
3

2R

R1 R2
=
R1R 4 = R2 R3
R3 R4

2R
r

(3E )2
10. In the first case
t = msT
R

2R

...(1)
2R

V
t
H =
R

When length of the wire is doubled, resistance and

mass both are doubled.
Therefore, in the second case,
2

( NE ) 2
.t = (2m)sT
2R
Dividing Eq. (2) by (1), we get

...(2)

N
= 2 or N2 = 36 or N = 6
18

2R

2R

r
Q
2R
Rr
R+r

11. In steady state C is considered as open circuit No

current flows through capacitor arm. The current in
remaining circuit is

2R

2R

2R

Rr
R+r
Q

A, O, B
Rr
Req = R+r

R
C
B

2V

13.

P=

2R

2V V
V
=
which causes changing of upper
3R
3R
cell (V) and discharging of lower cell. (2V)
I=

R1 =

V2
V2
so, R =
R
P
V2
V2
and R2 = R3
100
60
(250) 2

Now,

W1 =

( R1 + R2 ) 2
(250)2

V
V A V + R = V B
3
R

W2 =

V
V B V A = V + 3 = 2V / 3

(250)2
W3 =
R3

and

240

( R1 + R2 ) 2

. R1

.R2

or

W1 : W2 : W3 = 15 : 25 : 64
W1 < W2 < W3

14. Ammeter should be in series with the resistance under

consideration as well as the source (battery) voltmeter
should be in parallel to this resistance under consideration at same time.
(Rheostat can be used to offer very large resistance to
block the current in that arm)
All above conditions are satisfied only in (a)

x
2
R AC
x
R
r
=
=
= 1
15. RCB
(100 x ) 100 x R 2 which is indepen
r 2
dent of area of cross section of the wire AB.

figure RDA is unknown R we connect the unknown resistance between A and D.

19. During charging of a capacitor its instaneous charge

q = C (1 e t / RC ) I = dq / dt = ( / R) e t / RC
ln I = ln( / R) t / RC
y = C + mx y ln I x t Hence we get m =

1
RC

(negative slope) and c = + ln( / R)

Now with the increase of R slope decreases as well as
intercept also decreases. i.e. line Q.
(b)
20. Galvanometer coil and shunt are in parallel
(II4 )

16. In this case Req values are

R1 = 3R

P=

R2 =

2
R
3

R3 =

R
3

R4 =

3R
2

R3 < R2 < R4 < R1 but for same supply

V2
1
P
Req
Req

and

for

same

IG

current

S +G
( I I G ) S = I GG I =
IG
S

P = I 2 R P R
Here we have same I P3 < P2 < P4 < P1

17. Between P and Q RPQ

Between Q and R RQR

Between P and R RPR

i2

R R
+ R
5
3 2
=
= R
R R
+ + R 11
3 2
R+ R R

4
3 2
=
= R and
R + R R 11
+
3
2
R+RR

3
2 3
=
= R
R + R R 11
+
2
3

For max deflection entire I G should flow through the

100 4
4
10 A = 100 10 A
galvanometer I = 1+
0
.
1

= 100.1 mA
21. No heat escapes entire heat is used to raise
internal energy

U = H = I 2 Rt = 1 100 5 60 = 30kJ
22. As 2 is not the part of any of closed loop / circuit
I through it is zero (open circuit)
23. Time constant = CR = 4 10 6 2.5 10 6 = 10 s

VC + V R = V

and V R = VC / 3

gives VC + (VC / 3 ) = V

PPQ > RQR > R PR

3
or VC = V
4

R BC R BC
=
18. In post office box R
R DA
CD

(as it works as balanced wheatstone bridge)

RBC , RCD and RBA are known resistances as shown in

or
241

But

q 3
= V
C 4

VC
3
(1 e t / ) = V
C
4
t
= ln 4 = 2 0.693

e t / = 1/ 4

t = 2 0. 693 10 = 13 .86 s

2
24. H AB = I

l
2r

H AB = I 2

l
2 (2r )

8000 80l 100l + l 2 = l 2 + 20l

2 + x + 3 is the value of unknown res.

(a)

I
I
= 2
A
r
dependson r
E =

I
r

V AB = I

J AB rBC
=
J BC rAB
l

28. P1

1
=
4

2( 2r ) 2

R1R2
25. 1 = (C1 C2 ) ((R1 + R2 ) and 3 = (C1 +C2 )
R1 + R2

P3 =

9
= 4.5W
2

P2 > P1 > P3
(c)

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (MORE THAN ONE OPTION)

1.

During discharging

I=

C1C2 R1 R2

2 =
C1 + C 2 R1 + R2

dq d
q
= ( q0 e t / RC ) = 0 et / RC changed fully by
dt dt
CR

common battery q0 = C

4 2 8
1 = 18s , 2 = = s
3 3 9

I=

2
and 3 = 6 = 4s
3

t / RC
e
R

at t = 0 I =

i.e. equal but

R

non zero.
Now C1 < C 2

26. When switch is open capacitors are in series have

9
. 3 = 3V
6+ 3

t
t
>
I1 > I 2
RC1 RC2

C1 loses charge
option (b) and option (d) are correct.

equal charges q = ceqV = 18C

when switch is closed V3 =

V2 9
9
= = 9W , P2 =
= 18W
Req 1
0. 5

and

VBC
and VBC=I 2 e VAB=
4
2r
l

only (a) is correct.

2.

q3F = 9 C
and V6

2
40 2
=
=
2 + x 60 3

H BC / H BC / H AB = 4

J=

80 l
l
=
l + 20 100 l

to convert it in a voltmeter we use a high resistance

RH =

in seires

9
=
.6 = 6V q6 F = 36C
6 +3

Right plate of 3F gains charge of +9C to

RG =

V
RG
IG

50V
100 10 k
50A

for 50 V range

for

10V

range

make its charge from 18C to 9C

and
Left plate of 6F capacitor gains (36 18) = 18C

200 200 K Similarly for 5mA

50 10 6
range of ammeter the required shunt used in parallel is

Total charge which should flow from Y to X will

be 18 + 9 = 27 C

50 10 6
RS = G RG =
5 10 3 ( 0.5)10 3 100
I IG
But for 10 mA range the required value of shunt is

2
l
=
27.
2 + x 100 l

and

RG =

2+x
l + 20
l + 20
=
=
2
100 l 20 80 l

Rs =

242

10

50 10 6
100 = 0.5
10 10 3 50 10 6


3.

4.

Option (b) and (c) are correct.

Now Kirchoff's current (function) law at P gives

I 1 = I 2 + I 3 3 V AB = V AB 2 + V AB 1

At OK semiconductor and insulator both have I = 0

as R = but in metals (which become superconductors at OK) I becomes very large (infinite). In reverse
biased p-n junction diode at 300 K we have reverse
current which is very small (but finite) due to minority
charge carriers.
(a), (b) and (d)

Req

3 V AB = 6

I 2 = 2 2 = OA

and

I 3 = 2 1 = 1A
Now Resistance r2 is short circuited and A is connected to B. using junction law at P we get

I = I1 + I 2 + I3
where 3 I1 1 = 2 0 = 1 I 3 1 = VPQ

I 1 = 3 2 = 1A and I 3 = 1 2 = 1A
But in a loop through 2V cell we
2 I 1 = 0 I = 2 A

V RL = 7.5 10 3 1. 2 103 = 9V
81
PR1 = (7.5 10 ) 2k PR2 =
6k
3 2

I = I1 + I 2 + I3

Hence

I1

2V
P

2 1.5 48
=
k
3.5
7

VRL =

24 6
. = 3V Power dissipated in R
L
(48 / 7) 7

2.

2
VRL
9
=
= 6 mW
is
R L 1.5 103

1.5 10 3

2 = 1+ I 2 1

3V

R = 1

Req = 6 +

81

gives

get

I2 = 2 A

9
3
10 100
100 25
8

PR1 / PR =
=
=
2
27
12
3
10 3
2
Continued from previous page.
It R1 and R2 are interchanged them

I2

I3

1V

At steady state no. current flows through capacitor

6
6
= = 1.5 A
3

2
4
I
through
battery
is
which

2. 8 +
3 +2
causes P.D. of 1.5 1.2 = 1.8 V across combination of

= 54mW

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.

V AB = 2V

I 1 = 3 2 = 1A

24
= 3.2k I =
= 7. 5mA ,
3. 2k

But initially V RL = 9V P was

or

3 and 2

current through 2 is

1.8V
= 0.9 A
2

As R is in open circuit
No current flows through it
V AB = VPQ = 3 I1 1 = 3 I

3.

= 2 + I 2 1 = 2 + I 2 (changing)
= 1 + I 3 1 = 1+ I 3

and

(changing)

I 1 = 3 V PQ = 3 V AB , I 2 = VAB 2
I 3 = V AB 1

4.

r=1

1
A

r=1

E=3V
1
I1

E=2V
2

I3

[I =

6
= 4.96 10 3 A6 I ( 400 + 800 + 10) = 0]
1210
Reading of voltmeter = I. R AB

400 1000 400 1000

6
V =
+
.
800
1400 1400

I3
r 3= 1

I
I
gives the electric field
E=
A
A
inside the wire while an electric current flows through
it. (As I = 0 Ein = 0 as charge resides only at outer
surface of a conductor]

J = E =

E=1V
3

243

6 7 200

7600
7

30
= 1.58V
19

5 2
6
Hence V BD = 2 = V
13 13 13
Battery G is discharging

6
21
3= V
13
13
Battery H is charging

VTG = Ir = 3

6V

VTH = + Ir = 1 +
6.

400
6V

V 1000

7.

2 1 2I 1 I 1 2( I 1 I 2 ) = 0

V
6
The current through battery is
R AB = = 3A
2
which causes p.d. of 3 1 = 3V across 1 resistance

Remaining 3V will be across remaining circuit

Hence current in nearest 2 resistance is
I=

I1
2

1V

II
1
2

1V

1
D

3V

5I 1 2I 2 = 10
and in loop BCDB
Solving (1) and (2)
I 2 = (6 / 13) A and

i2
C

I=

3V
= 1.5 A
2

A 1

(i)

3 1 3I 2 I 2 + 2( I 1 I 2 ) = 0

2 I 1 6I 2 = 2
I 1 I 2 = 1

(2)

244

6V

I 1 = ( 5 / 13) A

or

2 R 2 + R + 2R
=
2+ R
2+ R

R2 R 2 = 0

R = 2

2V

i1

Also R = 1 +

2 R + R 2 = 2 + 3R

voltage law we get (in loop ADBA)

There will be no change in the resistance of this

infinite ladder if its one loop is removed or one loop
is increased in it. hence we can draw following circuit
equivalent to this infinite ladder (if we assume that

R AB = R)

The P.D. across B and D = 2( I1 I 2 ) using Kirchoffs

1
2
( 4 10 6 )[ 3 (5 + 1) + 3 2]
2

(where v a 3( 5 + 1) + 3 2 = Vb ]

400

5.

U=

1
CVab2
2

= 2.88 10 4 J

800

Energy stored in capacitor ' U ' =

800

6
19
1 = V
13
13

400
V

400

r2

V2

r1

V1

100 b 100
100

8.

In steady state no current flows through capacitor arm

using Kirchoffs function law we have distributed
currents as shown in figure.
Using Kirchoffs voltage (loop) law in bcdhb we get

6 4( I 1 + I 2 ) = 0 I 1 + I 2 = 1.5 A
and in loop dhgfted
3 2 + 2I 2 + 4( I 1 + I 2 ) + 3I 2 = 0

10V

10. (i)Equivalent emf (V) of the battery :

PD across the terminals of the battery is equal to its
emf when current drawn from the battery is zero. In the
given circuit :

(1)

4 I 1 + 9I 2 = +5 (ii) and 4 i gives

4 I1 + 4 I 2 = 6
5I 2 = 1

r2

I 2 = 1 / 5 A which gives p.d. across

i=0

V2
i=0

c i.e. v a 6 0 2( 1 / 5) + 2 = vg
A

V a V g = 2.4V
Hence Energy U =

r1

Current in the internal circuit,

6 R1

2V

4
2

Therefore, potential difference between A and B would

be
VA VB = V1 ir1

I+I
1
2

3V

Netemf
V1 + V2
i = Totalresistance = r + r
1
2

E1

5F
I 2 E2

I1

6V

R1
C

V1 + V2
V1 r2 V2 r1
r1 =
VA VB = V1
r1 + r2
r1 + r2
E

So the equivalent emf of the battery is

I2

9.

If 400 voltmeter is connected across 400 resistance thus the resultant of these tow becomes 200
and the circuit across battery becomes a balanced
what stone bridge

no current flows through bc and current

10
1
=
A. [300 and 300
300 30
are in parallel between a and d]
through ab becomes

This causes p.d.

V1

1
1
CV 2 = (5 10 6 ) ( 2. 4) 2
2
2

U = 1. 44 10 5 J
a

1
20
200 = V
30
3

V1 r2 V2 r1
V =
r1 + r2
Note that if V1 r2 =V2 r1 : V = 0
If V1 r2 > V2 r1 : VA VB = Positive i.e., A side of the
equilvalent battery will become the positive termainl
and vice-versa.
(ii) Internal resistance (r) of the battery
r1 and r2 are in parallel. Therefore, the internal resistnace
r will be given by
1/r = 1/r1 + 1/r2
or

245

r1r2
r = r +r
1
2

11. Leakage of charge is responsible for leakage current

q = q0 e t / RC

I =

q0 12/ RC 8. 85 10
e
=
RC
RC

e 12/ RC

dQ
1
=
dt
(CV 2Q) 3CR
0

1
[ln(CV 2Q) ]Q0 = 1 (t 0
2
3CR

2t
CV 2Q
ln
=

3CR
CV

K 0 A
l
1d
=

; C=
d
A A

1 d K 0 A K 0

=
A
d

RC =

at t = 12s

But R =

dq q0 t / C
I=
=
e
dt RC

K 0

8.85 10 6 12 /
I=
e
K 0 /

2Q
= e 2t / 3CR
CV
CV
d
(1 e 2t / 3CR ) and I 1 =
2
dt

Q=

hence I 1 =
12

7.4 10 12 8. 85 10 6 K 0
=
e
5 8.85 10 12

7. 4
10 6 e 12 /5.98
5
= 0 .198 A
=

V 2t / 3CR
e
= V1
3R

1
V
V 1 2t / 3CR

I1 + =
e
+ 1
2
R
2R 3

I=

Current in AB is I I 1 =

I I1 =

V
I
V 1 2t / 3CR
1 =
1 e

2R 2 2 R 3

12. It at any instant the current through C is I 1 then

At t I I 1

current through R between a and b is ( I I1 ) where

I is current through battery at this instant. In loop ef
bae we get V ( I I 1) R IR = 0
S

i1 =

a
II 1

+
R

2 I I1 = V / R

and is loop abhga I 1R

or I 2I 1 =

Q
CR

... (i)
12

Q
+ ( I I1 ) R = 0
C

B X

(ii)
(a)

1
But from (i) I = ( I1 + V / R) and substituting it in
2
equation (ii) we get
1
V
Q
I 1 + 2I 1 =
2
R
CR

dQ
dt

I b

2 IR I 1R = V

V
2R

13. In wheatstone bridge the battery is connected across

AB and the galvanometer is connected at C with one
end and other end to jockey to find null point on the
wire AB.

R
f

h
I1

1
V
I 1 + I1

2
R

2Q

3I 1R = V

C

(b)
(c)

dQ
dt
=
(VC 2Q) 3CR

A galvanometer has zero at the middle of scale

and detects only the current (presence as well
as direction) hence it does not have any
positive/negative terminals as the coil of the
galvanometer rotates in both the directions.
Figure is drawn above.
Wire is at 60 cm from end A hence we have

12
60
=

X 100 60

246

X = 8

14. In order to use rheostat as a potential divider, the

entire potential difference is created across the wire of
rheostat. The external circuit across which the p.d. is
to be applied is connected at one end of this resistance wire and other to the movable key.

Q0 is the steady state charge stored in the capacitor.

Q0 = C [PD across capacitor in steady state]
= C [steady state current through R2 ] (R2 )

V
= C
. R2
R1 + R2

External circuit

CVR2
Q0 = R + R
1
2
1
1
is or C R
C
net
R1

R2
Ammeter
10 3

Voltmeter
10
6

G1

Here, Rnet is equivalent resistance across capacitor

after short circuiting the battery. Thus,

G1
100

R1 R2
Rnet = R + R (As R1 and R2 are in parallel)
1
2

15.

Variable DC voltage

16. The accuracy is maximum at mid point and B is near

mid point we should use R 2 to give null pt. at

ASSERTION AND REASON

B.

1.
R1

17.

1
R + R2
= 1
R R CR1 R2
C 1 2
R1 + R2

R2

247

Assertion is wrong as heating causes increase in

temperature
increase in resistance and hence.