Geologija Cetinja

GOVERNMENT OF MONTENEGRO
MINISTRY OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT & TOURISM
PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR WWTP CETINJE &

SEWERAGE NETWORK WITH FACILITIES
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
MAY 2013.
PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR WWTP CETINJE & SEWERAGE NETWORK WITH FACILITIES
MUNICIPALITY OF CETINJE / MONTENEGRO
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
GENERAL PROJECT CONTENT

No.
NAME OF PROJECT PART

GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
HYDROLOGICAL STUDY ON RAINFALL AND FLOW
BOOK 1
GENERAL BOOK
BOOK 2
SEWAGE NETWORK
BOOK 3
ATMOSPHERIC NETWORK
BOOK 4
HYDRAULIC TUNNEL BELVEDER
BOOK 5
WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP)
Volume 5.1
Process design
Volume 5.2
Hydraulic design
Volume 5.3
Architectural design
Volume 5.4
Mechanical design
Volume 5.5.1
Electrical design new TS
Volume 5.5.2
Electrical design electrical equipment for the treatment process and

SCADA
Volume 5.5.3
Electrical design additional installations
Volume 5.6
Previous expropriation study
IOV10-17 IK CONSULTING ENGINEERS APRIL 2012
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
TERMS OF REFERENCE
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
TABLE OF CONTENT
1. CAPTION .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT EXPLORATION AREA .................................................................................... 3
1.2. TIME WHEN THE RESEARCH WAS PERFORMED .............................................................................................. 3
1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA ...................................................................................... 4
1.2. HIDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA.................................................................................... 5
1.2.1. HIDROGEOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF THE ROCK MASSES ............................................. 5
1.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF METEOROLOGY ........................................................................................... 10
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
1.3.5.
1.4.
CLIMATE 10
THE AIR TEMPERATURE................................................................................................................. 10
AIR HUMIDITY............................................................................................................................ 11
RAIN
11
WIND
11
HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK ........................................................................................................................ 11
2. REVIEW OF RESEARCH EXECUTED BY NOW WITH A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH

RESULTS AND EXTENT OF RESEARCHES ...................................................................................... 12
2.1. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY......................................................................................................................... 12
2.2. TECTONIC SURVEY ................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3. GEOMORPHOLOGIC SURVEY ...................................................................................................................... 13
2.4. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY.............................................................................................................................. 13
2.5. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS ........................................................................................................ 13
2.6. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL SURVEY .......................................................................................................... 14
2.7. SEISMOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 16
2.8. SEISMIC SURVEYS AND TESTING MICROTREMOR ....................................................................... 17
2.9. OTHER FIELD TESTING ........................................................................................................................ 17
2.9.1. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE WIDER AREA .................................................................... 19
2.9.2. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPACE ................................................................. 20
3. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY WITH DATA PROCESSING .................................................................. 22

3.1.1. GEOTECHNICAL FEATURES OF LAYERS WITH THE CONCLUSION OF THE LEVEL OF EXPLORATION ..... 22
3.1.2. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOLID ROCK MASSES ALONG THE SECOND PART OF THE
PIPELINE ROUTE LOCATION WWTP....................................................................................... 26
4. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION OUT OF CETINJE

FIELD AND FOUNDATION WWTP ....................................................................................................... 30
4.1. FACILITIES TECHNICAL DATA ............................................................................................................ 30
4.2. CONDITIONS FOR THE SEWERAGE EXCAVATION...................................................................................... 30
PAGE 1
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
4.2.1. KLASSIFICATION AND CONDITIONS FOR SEWAGE NETWORK PERFORMING ....................... 30
4.2.2. STABILITY OF THE EXCAVATION AND SURROUNDING TERRAIN ......................................................... 31
4.2.3. DRAINAGE OF THE AREA................................................................................................................ 31
5. CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE FINAL DESIGN ................. 32
5.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 32
5.2. DEVELOPMENT OF SURVEY PROJECT.......................................................................................................... 32
5.3. REALIZATION OF THE SURVEYS PROJECT ......................................................................................... 33
6. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 35
7. REFERENCES AND FUNDED DOCUMENTATION ............................................................................ 36
8. LIST OF DRAWINGS ............................................................................................................................. 37
PAGE 2
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
1. CAPTION
Geotechnical Study for a conceptual design of sewerage infrastructure and wastewater
treatment plant ( below the WWTP), wich made pursuant to the contract no. 10-17,
concluded with the Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism R. Montenegro and
IK Konsalting i projektovanje, Belgrade, Studentski trg street, No.4.
The study was arranged in accordance with:
Standard on the content of the research projects of geological Republic
Montenegro (Official Gazette of the Republic of Montenegro no. 9/85 and
16/85);
Law on Geological Exploration Republic Montenegro (Official Gazette of the
Republic of Montenegro no. 28/93, 27/94 42/94 26/07 28/11).
This study was conducted in May 2011th year.
Geotechnical Study of the types and quantities based on the types and volumes of
previous research for different purposes.
It is considered that this level of conceptual design there is sufficient engineering data for
geotechnical studies. Based on the results of the research data and technical information,
is made the geotechnical documents in which is the geotechnical conditions and
limitations for design and construction of sewage networks and facilities subject to
wastewater treatment.
1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT EXPLORATION AREA

Cetinje is on the geographic coordinates: latitude 4223' and east longitude 1855'. It is
the historical and current capital of Montenegro while Montenegro's capital city is
Podgorica. The city is located in the same karst area name located in the southern part of
the republic at the foot of the mountain Loven, the average altitude of 670m covers an
area of 910 km2. In te municipality area is a village River Crnojevi, located on the
banks of the Skadar lake, with 330 inhabitants, in which is constructed (WWTP) with the
suitable capacity.
Cetinje has 15 353 households or 4707, municipality have 18742 population census since
2003. year.
Because of its authentic architecture and many historic buildings, relics, monasteries,
churches and museums, this city was named the "city of museums".
Areas of research are on the page of Kotor, basic geological map 1:100,000 and covers a
narrower south-eastern part of the map (Fig. 001).
Location of investigation area is shown on engineering-geological map (Fig,002).
1.2. TIME WHEN THE RESEARCH WAS PERFORMED

The geotechnical study was done on the basis of available documentation
- Osnovna geoloka karta SFRJ, list Kotor (K 34-50) 1:100 000 tekstualna i
grafika dokumentacija, 1969.;
PAGE 3
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
-
Seismological and seismic surface micro-urban areas of Cetinje SO,

Geological Survey of SR Montenegro-Titograd,1983.;
The results of geotechnical investigations for various locations in Cetinje

(location of the Red Cross Elementary School Njego, military, Zeta House
and Austrian, English, French and Turkish embassy), Geological SurveyTitograd, 1980.;
Preliminary Project hydropower solutions of the basic system of flood

protection Cetinje, Belgrade-Centroprojekt, 1987.;
Figure 1. Geographical position of exploration area
1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

The region of Cetinje is typical karst field, with shape of irregular Cyrillic letter "G".
Elevation of area is in the NW part of about 720 m above sea level, in the middle of 650 m
and SE about 640 m above sea level. The slope of the field is generally to the SE with
local variations to the east and south, and it is about 2 . Relief rim of the field is very
jagged, partly with a uniform slope or fall of karst plateaus with numerous karst sinkholes
and minor-grooves erosion. The maximum elevation of the rim are about 820m above sea
level - the northwestern part of the district-slopes in the range of 10-45 .
PAGE 4
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Slika 2. Geomorfoloka karta ireg podruja istraivanja
1.2. HIDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

1.2.1. HIDROGEOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES OF THE ROCK MASSES
Based on the behavior of rock masses by underground and surface water, type of
porosity, and the spatial position of hydrogeological phenomena on the area of Cetinje is
sort over:
- Well water-permeable rock masses that are characterized by intergranular
porosity
-
Well water-permeable rock masses that are characterized by cracking and

cavernous porosity
The complex of water-permeability and water- impermeable rock masses that

are characterized by intergranular porosity
The complex of water-permeability and water-impermeable rock masses that

are characterized by cracking and cavernous porosity
Water-impermeable rock masses.
Water permeability of rock masses

Well water-permeable rock masses that are characterized by intergranular
porosity
To this group of the rock masses belong: Glacia-fluvial sediments, gravels, sands and
rock fragments of the limestone and dolomite composition; glacia sediments represented
with sands, gravels and halfrounded
blocks, represented by diluvial sediments
represented with rock fragments with small percentage of clay and scree.
PAGE 5
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Glacia fluvial sediments represented by gravels, sands and transitional varieties of
lithologic members and entrails mostly carbonate composition building up the largest part
of Cetinje field, ie. its central parts. Featured Glacia-fluvial sediments belong to the group
well water-permeable rock masses with Kf> 1x10 cm/s. These intergranular collectors
were formed over karstified limestone, dolomitic limestone, and there are natural
conditions for a significant accumulation of groundwater in this part of the field in the form
of dense aquifers. This can be judged by the group earlier dug shallow wells which yield
very little or no water during the dry time of year. In general, fluvio-glacial sediments are
mainly presented the sproovodnike collectors and not for the underground water
reservoirs.
Diluvial sediments are represented by by limestone rock fragments and scree and gave
little distribution in the Cetinje area. They where found sporadically in the area between
tunnel-table and wastewater treatment facility. These well water-permeable rocks that the
collectors are also conduits for free underground water.
Well water-permeable rock masses that are characterized by cracking and
cavernous porosity
To this group belong to the banked masses of rock and layered limestone, dolomitic
limestone with interbeds of dolomite upper-Triassic age (1T3), banked up layered and
massive limestones of the middle Jurassuc`s and upper Jurassuc`s age (J2+J3); layered
limestone and dolomitic limestone lower Jurassuc`s age (1)
These rock masses have gratly distribution. They build the peripheral parts of area of the
Cetinje, including the tunnel tollna, the pipeline route to the WWTP, including the
location of the plant. In general, these are strong karstified areas with numerous surface
and underground features characteristic of holokarst. On the part of courts built from this
group of rock masses, generally entirely absent underground water aquifers.
The depth of karstification is dictated by stratigraphic level midle Triassic flysch or
volcano-sedimentary series, which means that up to that depth (which is on the area of
Cetinje field and over 300 m) have been developed karst collectors and reservoirs of
source water. In brief, isolated rock masses are in the group water-permeable
environment through which it develops fast circulation of groundwater throught numerous
cracks, fissures, karst channels and caverns where the deeper parts of the terrain forming
broken karst aquifers.
The complex of water-permeability and water- impermeable rock masses that are
characterized by intergranular porosity
To this group of rock masses belongs: glacial sediments represented sands, gravels and
larger halfrounded blocks that are more or less mixed with clay; proluvial-alluvial
sediments which are represented by gravels, sands, sandy gravels in places mixed with
clay and glacio-fluvial sediments are represented by sands, gravels, rock fragments, clays
and conglomerates.
The glacial sediments are separated in this group are widespread in the far west part of
Cetinje field. Permeability and impermeability of the sediments depends on the percent
participation and position od the clay`s component. In these sediments excavated several
wells with depth of 4-6m in which the water retention capacity due to glacial sediments
and their clayed in the lower parts of the terrain.
Fluvio-glacial sediments (presented with: sands, gravels, rock fragments, conglomerates
and clay build up area of Donji and Donje Polje in Cetinje field.
PAGE 6
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Permeability of isolated alluvial and Glacia-fluvijal sediment section above the ground
varies considerably (depending on the particle size distribution, percentage in clay and its
spatial position) and range from those completely impervious presented with the pure
clays (the coefficient of filtration 1x10-7cm/s) to the well water-permeable presented with
very clean gravels and rock fragments with Kf> 1x10 cm/s.
The complex of water-permeability and water-impermeable rock masses that are
characterized by cracking and cavernous porosity
In this rock masses group there are separated only massive and banked dolomite which
are upper Triassic and lower Jurassic age. Dolomites above the age of building up the
area or perimeter area of Cetinje field.
Hydrogeological characteristics of dolomites in this area are variable and their specific
hydrogeologic features and functions. The specificity of the dolomite in this area is
reflected in their very different behavior of the underground and surface waters. Dolomites
zone of the same age and in some places are different hydrogeological characteristics.
For example, along the southeastern rim of Cetinje field in the dolomite and the upperTriassic age formed a zone the abyss in these same fields and Lipska cave. Water from
the river Crnojevi emerge directly from the Obod cave that is also formed in the
dolomites.
The caves and sinks are characterized by a wide inlet and outlet holes, wide and long
channels, caverns and galleries of different shapes. It says that it is a porous rock masses
characterized by cavernous porosity. In contrast, there are plenty of examples where
some parts of the dolomites behave as impermeable rock mass
At the contacts of dolomites and dolomitic limestones, or directly from them, there are
springs low yield or are formed directly in their caves and holes with water throughout the
whole year. Such sources are Pitet of the northwest edge of Cetinje field and spring of
the Crnojevia River.
Besides, in these fields made of dolomite of Upper Triassic age, there are whole areas
that are waterproof, so that the water flowing over their surface. Such is the case with the
dolomites of the southwestern rim of Cetinje field in the Borovik valley and on the track
from Cetinje to Crnojevic river.
From the above reasons, grounds built of dolomites are separated into a separate group a complex of permeable and impermeable rock masses.
Water-impermeable rock masses
In this group we have isolated glacio-fluvial sediments, sinkholes Slatita (Ivanova
Korita) being introduced by clays, sands and clayed gravel; marly limestones with
interbeds of dolomites and cherts lower Jurassic age (2J1) and tuffs, and cherts
(sedimentary-volcanogenic series) middle Triassic age and terra rossa.
Glacio-fluvial sediments were deposited in the valleys Blatita on Ivanova korita where
they have an average thickness of 4-7m dominant participation in these sedinenata have
high-plastic clays. These are viewed as a whole waterproof sediments with Kf=2,3x10-5
1x10-7 cm/s.
PAGE 7
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Sedimentno-vulkanogena serija srednjetrijaske starosti pretstavIjena tufitima i ronacima
koju su takoe uvreni u ovu grupu nepropusnih stenskim masa izgrauje neznatne
uzane delove terena na krajnjem junom obodu Cetinjskog polja.
Volcanogenic-sedimentary series of middle Triassic age are presented with the tuffits and
cherts, which are also included into this group of impermeable rock mass builds minor
narrow parts of the terrain on the southern edge of Cetinje field.
Springs
Groundwater of Cetinje field, and part of Rijeka Crnojevica are present in the form of
broken karst aquifer formed in the rock masses characterized by cracking and cavernous
porosity and tight issued in environments characterized by intergranular porosity.
Broken karst aquifer
In this part of the field there are formed carbonated rock masses (limestones, dolomites
and dolomite-limestones) Triassic and Jurassic age. These relate mainly to drain directly
from precipitation through surface of the karst forms, as well as numerous cracks,
fissures, caverns and channels that permeate the interior of carbonate rock masses.
Atmospheric Water Immersed through limestone, dolomite limestone and dolomite in the
tour continues inside, where the rock mass in the deeper parts of the karst terrain formed
by the broken springs. Karstification and forming and draining issued in the wider area
karst courts Cetinje, primarily caused by impermeable stratigraphic level of the flysch and
volcanogenic-sedimentary series of meddle Triassic age, the existence of the more
prominent regional faults and erosion base which gravitate towards the groundwater.
High altitude location, or depth to flysch sediments and sedimentary-volcanogenic
complexes of the middle Triassic age, of which largely depends on the depth of
karstification and depth to groundwater levels in the area is quite impressive Cetinje field
are partially identified previously performed exploratory drillings. In the area of the Donji
kraj in Cetinje field and depth of these sediments is about 185 m, which was concluded
with the borehole C-4.
The minimum level of groundwater broken karst aquifer in this part of the field (Donji ,
pod Poeke, Delje) is presented on the map with hydro contour lines are made on the
basis of previously performed annual observations (decembar 1970.- septembar 1971.).
Piezometric boreholes (C2, C3, C4, C5, i C6) shows that the general direction of
groundwater circulation that are here present at depths of 60-100 m, from west to east, ie
towards the main fault of Cetinje. The amplitude of fluctuations, ie the relationship
between the minimum and maximum groundwater levels in the area designated
observations are in the ranges from 25-27 m.
PAGE 8
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
The fault of Cetinje which extends along the edge of the field south-east, roughly northsouth direction were brought to the same level lower Jurrasic dolomite limestone and
dolomite with age of upper Triassic age. Particularly intense and deep karstification
developed in the eastern wing fault of Cetinje that was lowered and the level and depth to
groundwater karstic aquifer in this part of the much higher. So usual, for example cave
Lipska that was once safe presented collector-conductor ground flow in the direction of
Cetinje field- cave Obodska, situated at a height of about 500 m above sea level, ie
about 150 m below the bottom of the field are Cetinje. Today it is almost dry and is in the
hydrodynamic zone of the vertical circulation of groundwater, because of the karst
process provided an even greater spring descent. The bay of Ceklinsko Dobrska is
located at lower elevations around 300mnm but is no permanent groundwater outcrops.
All of this talk about the deep karstification of the field practically to the level of Lake
Skadar.
Draining the karst aquifer of the wider area of Cetinje field is done via spring of Crnojevica
River which is surely determined by the underground water-marking to multiple locations.
Hydrogeological connection between the main sink in the southeastern part of the Cetinje
field with Obodska springs (springs of the Crnojevica River) was established in October
1935th year. During the marking of water in the gulf is affected about 100 l / with the
Obodska springs drained about 1 m3 / s Labeled water is a fictional journey of about 6.5
km, the altitude difference of about 600 yards passed for 41 hour, moving at the speed of
fictitious about 158 m / minute. During the periodic floods sinks in Cetinje field, the
swallow, and up to 4 m3 / s of water.
Coverage of Obodska springs in the hydrological maximum and were over 15 m3/s. This
suggests that the main underground flow (Cetinjska underground stream) except through
the the abyss of the perimeter and fed limestone-dolomite terrain of Cetinje field, as part
of the karst terrain in the area from Cetinje to spring Crnojevia River. Tracing
groundwater karst aquifers of Cetinje field (at the time of Cetinje sinks do not swallow the
water) was performed and 9:07 1974th The throw-in 37 kg of dissolved sodium
fluorescein-Uranine exploration well in the C-4 in Donjen end. Labeled water formed on
28.07.1973. was also the Obodska Vrela.
Dense aquifer
Tight-fluvial aquifer sediments Glacia of Cetinje field are small distribution, thickness and
abundance. This is witnessed and shallow wells dug by Glacia-fluvial sediment with water
retention capacity due to these sediments.
Dug wells are encountered mainly in the Lower End and Lower Fields (Cetinje field) ie.
built on part of the complex terrain of permeable and impermeable rocks represented by
sands gravels, the entrails and giinama. Oscillations in water levels in some wells have a
tendency to follow the annual, precipitation regimes in Cetinje field, which indicates the
existence of certain weak airborne aquifers in the area of these wells, which yield a very
small (3-4 l / min).
Depth to ground water level is represented by dense issued on the map hydro-isobath,
which were made on the basis of field data depth to water level through existing wells,
which occurred in early March, 1982nd year. As seen from the hydrogeological map of
"Donje Polje" area is periodically flooded, while the rest of the depth to groundwater levels
in aquifers dense hydrological maximum range of 0-5 m, and in the "Donji Kraj" area of 34 m.
PAGE 9
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Hydrogeological phenomena
In the area of Cetinje there is various hidrogeological phenomena including the most
characteristic stain and occasional springs, wells, pits and caves, caves with water and
sinks.
Springs
On the mapped area appears several permanent springs that draw mainly from the
dolomites which are upper Triassic and Jurassic age, or at the contact of permeable and
impermeable rocks at higher elevations in the field.
Spring of the Crnojevi river - Catchment area of the spring of the Crnojevi river is about
100 km2, a simple procedure of karst terrain in which the field is Cetinje, Dobgsko village,
witnesses, Spring, Ljubotina id r. Coverage of this source in the dry time of year is about
280 l / s. Water is polluting the Crnojevi river with industry waste of the Cetinje.
Spring Pitet - flow out directly from the dolomites of the upper Triassic age, in the far
north western edge of Cetinje field. It is a source of low capacity of the hydrological
minimum is less than 1 l / s.
Pits and caves with water
Since the cave with water are the most characteristic Obodska Cave (source Crnojevia
River) and the cave Cetinje Cetinje. Both of these phenomena have been formed in the
dolomites gornjetrijaske age.
Sinks are along cleavages zones and the perimeter major forms of karst (sinkholes, karst
fields). Most characteristic are sinsks of Cetinje. The sinks of Cetinje are formed in the
extreme southeastern part of the field (lower field) along the existing striking faults northsouth.
These pits are discharged wastewater industry Cetinje (Factory Kouta, Auto transport
companies "Bojana") without filtering, leading to pollution sources Crnojevia Rivers and
Lake Skadar. In the rainy season when sink capacity is not large enough to be able to
receive all the water comes to a periodic flood of Cetinje field (Donje Polje).
1.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF METEOROLOGY

Analysis of climatic factors and hydrological parameters for the purpose of this survey
have a certain order to review the hydrogeological characteristics of the terrain, and the
groundwater regime. This chapter analyzes some of them, such as temperature,
precipitation, winds.
1.3.1. CLIMATE
Moderately continental. Warm, dry summers, the average temperature of 20 C, cold, wet
winter, average temperatures 2 degrees Celsius, rainy spring and autumn. It is interesting
that, although one of the rainiest cities in Europe, and the city with the highest average
rainfall in the former Yugoslavia, the town has no surface water flows.
1.3.2. THE AIR TEMPERATURE
The average annual fluctuation of the average monthly temperature is around 20 C at
the meteorological station Cetinje.
PAGE 10
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Maximum temperatures are above 40 C and reaches a minimum -20 C. Daily
temperature fluctuations are also evident.
1.3.3. AIR HUMIDITY
Relative humidity was inversely correlated with air temperature and humidity decrease
with increasing temperature and reverse.
The highest relative humidity was recorded in December of 86.5% and the lowest value
was found in May, 68.2%. It is interesting that in the period April - August is practically no
difference in water content in the air, which ranges from 68% to 71%.
1.3.4. RAIN
Due to the collision of warm and cold air masses, this area is next to the church Orjen,
rainfall is one of the richest if not the richest part of Europe. In the warmer part of the year
there are heavy rain fall, sometimes over 250 mm per day.
Total annual precipitation for the period from 1929 to 1961, averaging about 3000 mm /
year. provided, however, as the maximum recorded in 1927 (6861 mm / yr.) a minimum in
1953 (1910 mm). According to some data in the 1927th in Cetinje is 9000 mm fell. In the
winter, especially during January, snow is on this common ground and falling on average
13 days with a maximum stay of 98 days, registered in 1956 when he registered the
greatest snow depth is reached, ie: 205 mm.
1.3.5. WIND
According to the data station Cetinje, for this area is characterized by a large number of
days with so-called. quiet, poorly dispersed rose of wind the with the prevailing northwest
winds and rare, but the strongest south wind, and a large average number of clear days,
which is mainly due to the morphological characteristics of the terrain.
1.4. HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK

Hydrographic network is poor, and I reduced the short-term intermittent streams that exist
only during rainy periods or stronger after the melting of the snow. Taken as a whole
surface runoff is the total water balance is negligible. The only permanent surface flow of
the Crnojevi river which is actually the lowest drainage outlet hydrological cascades and
plunge bases underground karst waters of this region.
PAGE 11
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
2. REVIEW OF RESEARCH EXECUTED BY NOW WITH A BRIEF

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RESULTS AND EXTENT OF RESEARCHES
This section shows all geological engineering (geotechnical) and hydrogeological studies
in the urban area of Cetinje. The general conclusion that can be made applicable to one
part of something rarer detailed researched this area and the uneven level of exploration
of different parts of space, with the most researched area of Cetinje field.
2.1. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

For practical reasons, it is important for the determination of the route of building facilities
and storm sewer at the conceptual design, regional geological studies have been reduced
to authors: Z. Bei, V. Rdulovi, B. iri i B. Milovanovi.
The most recent data were obtained in the preparation of Basic Geological Map
Yugoslavia, Budva and Kotor sheets 1:100 000, which created the Geological Institute of
Belgrade and Titograd
Through this research are detailed lithostratigraphic characteristics studied. rock masses,
structural-tectonic features of the terrain and the mutual spatial relations of rock masses
and its neotectonic features. Are also examined and recorded the appearance of useful
resources and significant geological phenomena are the result of modern physical and
geological processes. In this respect special value are the papers mentioned Basic
hydrogeological map of SFRY and their interpretation as the basic geological map of the
terrain, Kotor sheet. It is very important works about the data processing including
exploration drilling in the field of Cetinje.
2.2. TECTONIC SURVEY

Indivisible from the exploration lithostratigraphic features of the terrain there were tested
structural-tectonic relations and conditions in this area, but mainly as an integral part of a
wider area.
In this respect the articles say: J. Durkar-a, R. Bukovskog, L. Kobera, B. Milovanovia, B.
iria, Z. Beia, K. Petkovia, B. Sikoeka, M. Rkosandia, B. Maksimovia i dr.
From these papers it follows that in this area stand out as essential structural elements
kraljut or covers. As can be seen on the Review tectonic map of the terrain, the main
geotectonic units are para-autohton, l Cukaii or the zone of Budva-Bar and wrinkle of
Visoki Kr. They are separated from each other with wrinkles and sleeves.
Treatment area of research Cetinje to Rijeka Crnojevia, fully covers a zone in which the
High Karst plicative structure of the so-called points. Lovcen anticlinorium, a rupture of
several major faults north and east of Cetinje (doriinantan the gravitational cetinjski
cleavages). The whole subject area stands out, besides anticlinorium structure of the
terrain and parquet blocks with unequal amounts of movement.
This state is reflected intensively on one geological terrain features that are of practical
importance-its hydrogeological, engineering and seismological characteristics and
peculiarities.
PAGE 12
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
2.3. GEOMORPHOLOGIC SURVEY

Geomorphological research underlying the field were carried out mainly in regionalnin
scale and mainly begins with works of the J.Cviji. Furthermore the following investigation
and the court dealt with the characteristics of M. Vaosovi (1955), and A. Vukovi
(1960/61) who was in combined team from Belgrade exercised Geozavod speleological
research
Especially interest in this field is to determe conditions of the creations of karst sinkholes
and caves of the fields in which the Cetinje. In addition, this study is associated with
hydrographic and hydrological characteristics of the terrain, its tectonics and other
prerequisites. In this sense the work is interesting V. Radulovic card karstification grounds
for Montenegro and other works that have defined the terrain features in this regard.
2.4. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

They Have been performed both in the surroundings areas and in certain localities. Our
aim was to introduce regional relations courts in connection with the decrypting tectonic
elerenata, and also the study of karst hydrogeological problems.
Since the works relating to the area say the works of Cetinje J. Kitanovi. Since the
detailed geophysical study highlight the shallow and deep electrical measurements
performed in Cetinje field for hydrogeological investigations (1971./73.). These
measurements and their interpretation are defined by the thickness and character of
sediments fluvioglacijalnih Cetinje poija and thickness of limestone and dolomite karst
collectors. This work was performed Geozavod from Belgrade.
2.5. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

For areas of Cetinje and Rivers Crnojevia they have done regionally and detailed
hydrogeological studies which are separated by underground (hydrogeological
catchments) as one of the essential-a characteristic of this karst terrain, then the direction
and speed of movement of groundwater, and their water abundance.
Regional hydrogeological study which covered this area were carried out for the lake
basin Skadarskon (V. Radulovic 1970./73.). They are substantially defined by bit field
hydrogeological conditions based on existing data and work within the following research.
Are defined by the hydrogeological features of some of rock masses and complex
hydrogeological phenomena and shows, their regime and other essential elements.
Detailed hydrogeological studies have been performed first of all 1960th The (A. Vukovic)
the staining of sinks and determining the direction of drainage of groundwater and further
staining was performed in Cetinje field and along the road to Budva. This Radovin proved
that all the groundwater from the zone, gravitate toward hot or boiling river Crnojevia that
appears directly isood Obod cave and a bounty of over 200 l / s minimum.
Detailed hydrogeological studies have been performed in the field of Cetinje, the issue of
water supply solutions aim of the present town of Cetinje.
PAGE 13
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
These studies were performed in the period since 1971. to 1973. The (A. Vukovic - B.
Mijatovic Geozavod from Belgrade) and included: detailed hydrogeological mapping,
geophysical measurements (140 probes), hydrogeological monitoring of natural and
artificial groundwater strips Poiju, exploration drilling 5 piezometers and one test wells
(BC -3), spring flow routing solution uraninna, abridged (20) and bacterial (5) analysis
groundwater, processing of meteorogical data.
In detailed studies of Cetinje field, we studied the free and shallow arched released in
Quaternary sediments and Duhok karst aquifer. From the standpoint of water supply was
the only interesting karst spring so it is much more intensively researched and tested with
regard to the knit spring. The level and the abundance of free aquifers have been studied
by single-dug wells and stationary observations. In jednokratniri observations during
August 1969th year - drought) in 30 facilities, NPV has been observed at depths of 2.2 to
11.2 m, usually 5-7 m. Stationary one-year observation was performed on 3 facilities as
follows: BN-30 in the lower-end, BN-6 at the Forest Estate and BN-17 with Bojana in the
field below. Were measured following the extreme levels of aquifers:
object
NPV (m)
date
BN-30
4,0
20.12.1969.
BN-6
0,0
5.01 i 5.03.1969.
BN-17
1,2
5.12.1969.
It was noted that the level of free compact issued after heavy rainfall and melting snow in
the lowest parts of the field of karst depression and over 1m above ground level (Lower
Field in Cetinje). Otherwise, free recharge aquifer comes from the dense precipitation and
a small number of peripheral sources. Otherwise, the yield of this aquifer is weak and is
only a few l / min. This is just a consequence of this aquifer hidrogeological function
which is defined as a conductive collector-not because the reservoir is descending into
karst drainage collector intense.
Karst spring in the complexes of limestone, dolomites and dolomitic limestone at
considerable depths of 50-300 m, ie. elevations of 600-350 m above sea level.
The tickness Quaternary sediment is partly estimated and partly determined (Cetinjsko
polje) maximum about 8-12 m.
2.6. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

This research involved and the Soil testing and related studies, conducted mostly on a
smaller scale and in some newer buildings in Cetinje. At this stage of the study these data
were available.
For the purposes of the study, "Seismological and seismic base micro-urban areas of
Cetinje, with Ivanova Korita, Njegusi, and Crnojevia, Report, Geological Survey of
SR Montenegro - Titograd, 1982. year, was drilled 15 exploration boreholes with labels C1 to C-15 (Table. 2.6.1.).
PAGE 14
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Depth
NPV (m)
Depth
PPV (m)
elevaton
(m)
0,80
5,00
-
10,00
9,60
13,00
10,00
9,00
1,02
1,80
6,00
3,00
Depth
(m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
coordinates (m)
orientation
No
Designatio
n of the
exploration
borehole
Table no. 2.6.1. Exploration borehole in the urban area of Cetinje for the purposes of
seismic and surface seismic zonation
C-1
C-2
C-3
C-4
C-5
C-6
C-7
C-8
C-9
C-10
4 693 253,20
4 693 392,70
4 693 613,80
4 695 043,10
4 694 951,80
4 694 504,86
4 695 436,20
4 695 671,30
4 695 249,20
4 694 238,40
6 576 610,90
6 576 756,90
6 576 898,80
6 576 444,00
6 575 132,40
6 574 869,60
6 573 838,10
6 574 521,00
6 575 753,70
6 574 788,30
643,08
640,80
638,45
650,48
674,42
685,19
726,16
698,54
663,84
689,04
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
7,70
10,00
11,00
11,20
7,00
3,50
4,00
3,00
8,00
5,00
11
C-11
4 695 196,90
6 575 423,10
670,70
0/0
12
13
14
15
C-12
C-13
C-14
C-15
4 693 620,40
4 693 447,40
4 693 483,00
4 695 372,80
6 576 594,00
6 576 987,10
6 576 417,40
6 575 117,00
641,20
638,68
645,50
679,76
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
Date of drilling
3.12.-4.12.1981.
5.12.1981
11.12.-15.12.1981.
14.01.-18.01.1982.
12.01.1982.
12.11.1981.
17.11.1981.
18.11.1981.
13.01.1982.
11.01.1982.
19.12.1981.7.01.1982.
20.11.-21.11.1981.
8.12.-10.12.1981.
19.11.-20.11.1981.
12.11.1981.
In addition to the above, for purposes of determining building conditions were used
for the exploration wells of buildings for various purposes (Table.
2.6.2.). Exploration drilling and geotechnical laboratory tests
conducted Geological Institute of Montenegro in Titograd.
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
8,50
9,60
13,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
11,00
Cultural and historical monument French embassy
Red Cross Cetinje
Administration Building Trgopromet Cetinje
657,10
657,70
657,90
657,40
645,15
645,20
645,70
645,75
Cultural and historical monument Turkish embassy
depth
PPV (m)
The Austrian embassy
654,40
654,60
654,40
664,40
depth
NPV (m)
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
elevati
on (m)
depth
(m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
location
orientation
No
Designatio
n of the
exploration
borehole
Table no. 2.6.1. Exploration well in the urban area of Cetinje for the construction of
special purpose cutting of high
year of drilling
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
PAGE 15
Cultural and historical monument English embassy
Cultural and historical monument
Zeki dom
643,48
643,69
643,34
643,80
Monument - Military apartment
Elementary school Njego
645,46
645,30
645,40
645,30
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
8,00
8,00
9,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
10,00
9,50
depth
PPV (m)
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
0/0
depth
NPV (m)
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
elevati
on (m)
depth
(m)
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
location
orientation
No
Designatio
n of the
exploration
borehole
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
5,90
year of drilling
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
1980.
2.7. SEISMOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND ACTIVITIES

Montenegro, especially the coastal zone belongs to the most active seismic region, where
it takes frequent and strong seismic activity. One of the unstable hot spots is the wider
region of Cetinje area.
According to the seismological map of Yugoslavia from 1987. The area belongs to Cetinje
with the maximum expected earthquake intensity following the MSK-64 scale and
occurrence probabilities of 63% for the following return periods:
-
50 year
7o ;
100 year
8o ;
200 year
8o ;
500 year
9o ;
1000 year
9o ;
10000 year
9o .
Existing recent instrumental data and historical data on the number of seismic activity in
the wider region of Cetinje, and the presence of numerous hot spots of close and distant
earthquakes generally characterized by an area municipality of Cetinje as a zone of high
seismic activity.
According to the Republic Seismological Bureau -Titograd,1982:
- The adopted values of the acceleration of soil vibrations in the rock:
o
the reference period 50 year a (g) = 0,117 g;
the reference period 100 year a (g) = 0,170 g;
PAGE 16
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
o
-
the reference period 200-500 year a (g) = 0,246 g
Adopted values mikroseizmikog earthquake intensity I (oMSK-64) the

acceleration of soil vibrations in the rock:
o
the reference period 50 year I(oMSK-64)=7o MCS;
the reference period 100 year I(oMSK-64)=8,5o MCS;
the reference period 200-500 year I(oMSK-64)= 9o MCS
2.8. SEISMIC SURVEYS AND TESTING MICROTREMOR

For the purposes of seismic and surface seismic micro-urban areas of Cetinje, with
"Ivanova Korita, Njegusi, and Crnojevi" in the narrow urban area of Cetinje were
performed refractive test the seismic profile along with labels 7 Pr. Pr 17 to 23rd At 6
profiles were registered approaching only the longitudinal elastic waves (Vp), and at one
approaching longitudinal (Vp) and shear elastic (Vs) wave. At 5 profiles were detected in
3 environments with different values of the elastic wave velocity. At least the speed set in
the recent Quaternary Glacial-fluvial sediments, and the other two environments with
higher values in the carbonates and dolomitic rock masses.
In the study of various special-purpose facilities are also performed refractive seismic
exploration along 10 profiles up to 60 m, but the results were not available during the
preparation of this study.
Tests of soil oscillations at the same 7 locations of buildings were made mikrotremorska
tests on 14 points. Neither of these tests were not available in the preparation of this
study.
2.9. OTHER FIELD TESTING

All research for the development of seis-surface geological and seismic microzonation of
the urban area municipality of Cetinje was performed according to the design of research
activities in 1979. year. They included the following activities, some have already shown:
I The previous cabinet works
I/1 Project design of research activities
I/2 Analysis of the available documentation
I/3 Analysis of photographic material
II Field works
II/l Hydrogeological and engineering-geological mapping
II/2 Exploratory drilling with the filling of the holes (shown above)
II/3 Mapping of core drilling
II/4 Sampling of core from boreholes for laboratory analysis
II/5 Standard dynamic penetration experiment in eight exploration boreholes
with label C
III Geoelectrical testing
III/1 Sounding the the AB / 2 100 and 200 m (not used in the interpretation)
IV Seizmic testing
PAGE 17
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
IV/1 seismic testing (Vp and Vs of the wave)
IV/2 Measurement microtremor of the soil
IV/3 Measurement of free oscillations of individual objects
V. Geodetic Works
V/1 Record and calculate the coordinates and elevation are performed on
exploratory boreholes
VI Laboratory test the of the 17 samples
VI/1 Granulometric composition, bulk density, application consistency, the
angle of internal friction with cohesion
VI/2 Specific weight and coefficient of filtration
VI/3 Granulation and moisture
VII Seismic tests
VII/1 Creation of the catalogs of earthquakes M = 3.5 / R = 100 km and a
influents of the distant hotspots with M = 5
VII/2 Mapping epicenters
VII/3 Determining the basic level of seismic intensity
VII/4 Determination of macroseismic fields
VI1/5 Determination of seismic risk
VI1/6 Seizmostatika analysis
VIII. Engineering-Seismological Works
VIII/1 Determination of earthquake parameters in the basic rock
VIII/2 Determination of geotechnical terrain model
VIII/3 Defining the influence of the field on the earthquake
VIII/4 Recommendations for urban planning and design
VIII/5 Recommendations for architectural and engineering planning and
design
IX. The final cabinet works
I/1 Creating hydrogeological maps 1:5 000
I/2 Creating engineering geological maps 1:5 000
I/3 Creating morpho metric map 1:5 000
I/4 Creating map of the field stability 1:5 000
I/5 Creating map of field suitability for urbanization
I/6 Creating map of the seismic microzonation 1:5 000
In the survey of individual objects, which are mentioned in section 2.6. (table no. 2.6.2.)
were also carried out in a specific field test the boreholes, such as a standard dynamic
penetration. The boreholes at 9 locations of buildings on site are made dynamically SPT
tests on 32 depths boreholes
They were taken on Soil testing, in the scope:
PAGE 18
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
-
granulometric composition
59 tests
Specific and volume mass
19 tests
Humidity
19 tests
Shear test
1 test
Test of compression
2 tests
Atterrbergs consistency limits
2 tests
2.9.1. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE WIDER AREA

The basis of the surrounding area of Cetinje field are solid carbonate rock masses
represented by dolomites, dolomitic limestones and limestones. The rock masses are
mechanically cracked and karstified and whose degree of karstification just depends on
the cracking and chemical composition of carbonate rocks.
The above rocks are on the surface zone extensively degraded and fragmented. Mostly
they were discovered, although the field of karst areas, sinkholes and bays covered by
Quaternary formations.
In the area of Cetinje, the solid mass of rock covered by fluvio-glacial and alluvial-proluvial
sediments.
Fluvio-glacial formations in this area are of variable thickness - from 1 to 20 m are
represented by gravelly-sandy-clayey sediments with frequent alternation is not correct.
On this area are represented on the rock masses of Mesozoic (Triassic and Jurassic) and
the Quaternary:
Upper Triassic (T3, 1T3 )- rocks of the Upper Triassic age are represented by dolomite
and dolomitic limestone (T3) as long as they developed their lateral facies limestone and
dolomitic limestone.(1T3).
These Triassic rocks were discovered in the anticlinal parts of the terrain in the area of the
Loven with Cetinje as the area Rijeka Crnojevia.
Facies of dolomitic limestone builds most of the rim of Cetinje field. Dolomitic limestone
building higher elevation of the terrain.
Lower Jurassuc (1J1)- Lower Jurassic sediments are represented by limestones, marly
limestones with interbeds of dolomites and dolomitic limestones and cherts..
Middle and upper Jurassuc (J2+3)- Middle Jurassic and Upper Jurassic aged banked
and layered, oolitic limestone build higher peaks of the "Stirovnik" areas and its lower
elevation south slopes. In the area of Njegus were developed in the western parts of the
study area in a wider zone between Krsca and Fields. The thickness of these layers is
about 700 m.
Quaternary (Q): Quaternary sediments are present in the form of glacial formations,
alluvial deposits, and slope and wave terra-rossa material.
Glacial formations are represented by moraines (gl), fluvio glacial layer (FGL) and limo
glacial material (lgl
PAGE 19
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
During the glacial epoch, the Diluvial, the highest mountain Loven (elevation 1749 m),
Orijen (elevation 1895 m) and Bijela Gora (elevation 1608 m), were the glaciers. With
these mountain glaciers are spread in different directions and are coming down to lower
ground.
Fossil glacial traces were in the area closest to the Adriatic Sea Orjent of all traces of
other mountains in the Dinaric Alps. According to J. Cvijic (1924) one of the glaciers that
descend from Orjen came a near Risan and near Orahovac, perhaps, even to the sea.
Snow line was at an altitude of about 1300 m above sea level.
Complex, karst Orjent glaciers were adjusted to pre-glacial karst relief, and their glacial
tongues, which, according to L. Savitsky was 20, coming down through individual bays
and karst depressions of 600-700 m above sea level.
J. Rianovi (1959) believes that glaciation Orjent the covering of the type of karst
glaciers with minimal movement and local ice masses. However, the huge moraine
material at considerable distances from the cirque does not support this view.
In areas where the glaciers stopped, the solvent and retreated, leaving moraines by a
variety of karst cavities and karst areas.
Local speaking Glacia-fluvial sediments (glf) are composed of gravel, rock fragments,
sands and clays with conglomerates and transitional variants, depression fills the field of
Cetinje. Their thickness ranges up to 20 m in the area of Cetinje field.
2.9.2. GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SPACE
2.9.2.1. TYPES AND VOLUMES OF GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY
2.9.2.1.1. FIELD SURVEY
Available and accessible data on the geotechnical properties of geological units in the
narrow space of Cetinje, were used:
- Seismic and base seismic micro-zoning of urban areas SO Cetinje,
Department of Geological Survey of SR Crna Gora-Titograd, 1983
-
Reports the results of geotechnical investigations for the following locations in

Cetinje: location of the Red Cross, Elementary School Njego, military haus,
Zeta House and Austrian, English, French and Turkish embassy, Geological
Survey-Titograd, 1980 Preliminary design of hydro-technical solution of the
basic system of flood protection Cetinje, Centroprojekt-Belgrade, 1987.
Preliminary Project hydropower ading the basic system of flood protection

Cetinje, Centroprojekt-Belgrade, 1987.
The processed results are available experiment done on 28 samples from 15 boreholes in
Cetinje, the maximum depth of 10 m. Their positions are given in the IG field situation
(Appendix 002) and field engineering geological cross sections (Figures 003, 004 and
005).
2.9.2.1.2. GEOMECHANICAL AND HYDROCHEMICAL LABORATORY TESTS
According to current standards, were performed classification tests and trials to determine
the mechanical properties of soil-resistant and deformable properties.
The results of these laboratory tests are given in the summary table No. 2, but the some
tests are presented in the corresponding common forms:
PAGE 20
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Tests were performed to determine the following values of parameters:
- natural moisture;
- Atterbergove granice konsistencije;
- Atterberg consistency limits;
- Volume mass in a natural state and in the dry state,
- Direct shear.
2.9.2.2. HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION OF ROCK MASSES
Survey area is constructed of a material with the following structural types of porosity:
-
The inter-grain porosity in Quaternary gravel-sandy sediments
Sub-capillary and cracks porosity in the clay layers and lenses within the
Quaternary sediments..
Cracking and cavernous porosity in carbonate rock masses.
Generally all areas have a collector-conductive-hydrogeological function so that they do

not create the aquifer. This is an indication that the ground in the territory of Cetinje spun
well drained, thanks to the fact that water through a series of cracks caverns, caves and
other karst forms plunges through the carbonate massif and can not settle significant
amounts of water for a longer period.
In this field despite good water-permeability field in a time of intense precipitation, whose
quantities are not negligible in the wider regional context, sometimes there is a leakage of
water at the ground surface, which in this urban area, and sometimes cause significant
damage. This is because of the recent intergranular gravel and sand are relatively
widespread clay layer of variable thickness, which in periods of inundations represents a
hydrogeologic barrier that separates the shallow grit released in the middle of dislucion
spring with limestone aquifers in the basement, which is considerably greater depth.
From the hydrogeological phenomena, as mentioned in this space include the following:
permanent and temporary springs, wells, tanks with water and sinks.
PAGE 21
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
3. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY WITH DATA PROCESSING

The purpose of previous survey of the wider area:
- primary and regionaly in the making of the primary geological map SFRJ,
sheet Kotor 1:100.000;
-
specific studies, regional, morphological, hydrogeological and separate works,

which are either regional or related to the hidrogeological determination of
hydrogeological deeper aquifers and water quality;
Detailed studies to determine the conditions of construction (foundation) and

the exploitation of various locations in Cetinje, such as the location of the Red
Cross Elementary School Njego, military, Zeta House and Austrian, English,
French and Turkish embassy.
According to a preliminary consideration of the depth of foundation pipe and some objects
from the WWTP are 1-5 m below the surface.
3.1.1. GEOTECHNICAL FEATURES OF LAYERS WITH THE CONCLUSION OF THE LEVEL OF
EXPLORATION
3.1.1.1. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN CETINJE FIELD
At the location of Cetinje solid rock masses are covered with fluvio-glacial and diluvial
deposits. Generally dominated gravel materials with interbeds and lenses of sand and
clay contaminants that are locally weakly bound. fluvio-glacial formations in this area are
of variable thickness (from 1 to 20 m)
Deluvial formations occur locally, and the entrails are represented by limestone and
dolomite heterogeneous size distribution of silty clay and sandy, as a product of
decomposition.
For the purposes of preliminary design was performed engineering reconnaissance of the
terrain. According to existing geological documentation of the route passes through the
sewage system two different geological structures. These are:
Humified clay
Gravelly-sandy-clayey areas and
Gravelly sandy areas
Tables no. 3.1.1. and 3.1.2. given the physical-mechanical (geotechnical) properties of
gravelly-sandy-clayey sediment environments fluviglacial fields of the Cetinje:
Allowed load of the recent material
Based on the available documents on conditions of high-rise facility targeted on the basis
of form bands, singles or boards, the depth of foundation mostly 1.3 to 1.5 m, the mean
loads of areas represented are:
Humified clay
qa=165 kN/m2
Gravelly-sandy-clayey areas
qa=160 kN/m2
Cracked carbonate rock mass
qa=157 kN/m2
PAGE 22
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Since the variation is very small foundation board would be in similar intervals, but based
on a small number of data mean values of the allowable loads for all areas is: qa=270
kN/m2
PAGE 23
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Table no. 3.1.1. The results of geotechnical laboratory testing in the available documentation: the first 10 m of the surface
natural moisture w (%)
flow limit wt (%)
limit of plasticity
wp (%)
Index of plasticity
Ip (%)
Index of
consistency Ic
Group symbol AC
clay <0,002 mm
dirt 0,002-0,06 mm
(o)
c (kN/m2)
Ms (0-50) kN/m2
Ms (50-100) kN/m
Ms (100-200)
2
kN/m
Ms (200-400)
2
kN/m
11.4
44.8
21.1
20.1
19.4
86.5
29
29
21.5
40.2
13.1
14.7
11.8
46.3
15.9
14.3
9.7
0.9
0.5
0.62
0.22
MH
CL
CL
CL
2
21
25
25
12
18
65
72
66
71
15
11
3
7
9
8
2
0
2
3
10
1
0
0
1
40
0
0
0
4
7
0
0
0
0
16.4
20.7
20.7
20.3
11.3
17.1
17.2
16
18
28.8
26.5
0
20
20
20
5.40E-04
1.80E-07
1.50E-07
1.50E-07
5.40E-07
20.8
19.6
-
35
36
-
15
20.4
-
20
15.6
-
0.71
1.05
-
CL/CI
CI
-
15
0
20
1
58
11
64
9
20
9
8
20
6
10
3
6
1
5
2
2
0
55
3
54
0
10
0
8
7.50E-07
8.50E-03
2.00E-07
1.40E-02
37.5
9.3
5.9
10.7
8.5
9.9
19.7
37.3
12
16.2
25.5
75
31
61
60.5
33.1
13
23.2
24.2
41.9
18
37.8
36.3
0.89
0.63
0.63
0.96
CH
CL
CH
CH
25
1
0
1
1
2
18
13
2
3
23
44
11
8
12
9
11
74
72
18
22
53
21
4
12
7
5
5
7
14
16
25
15
4
5
8
10
7
5
1
1
11
12
8
4
9
11
8
11
10
0
0
10
13
1
2
60
61
57
59
67
0
0
43
20
0
0
10
0
5
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
17.6
20.9
18
22.2
20.9
-
12.8
17.7
13.6
19.8
18
-
24.25
31.5
16.8
-
20
20
30
-
1.00E-07
4.80E-02
8.50E-03
8.50E-03
4.80E-02
2.00E-02
2.30E-07
7.00E-07
5.40E-04
2.30E-04
1.00E-07
Granulometric composition %
Volume mass
sand
gravell
Small
medium
large
small
0,06-0,2
mm
0,2-0,6
mm
0,6-2,0
mm
2,0-6,0 mm
oedometer compressibility
2
Direct shear
>60 mm
label
Strength parameters
Limit of cosistency
Wet
Dry
(kN/m3)
d (kN/m3)
Filtration
coefficient
Kf (cm/s)
the first 10 m of the surface

C-1 (3.0-3.3)
C-1 (6.0-6.3)
C-2 (1.7-2.0)
C-2 (4.4-4.7)
C-3 (2.7-3.0)
C-3 (5.5-5.8)
C-4 (3.5-3.8)
C-4 (9.4-9.7)
C-5 (3.4-3.7)
C-5 (5.5-5.8)
C-7 (1.6-2.0)
C-8 (1.0-1.4)
C-9 (1.6-2.0)
C-10 (2.0-2.4)
C-11 (2.0-2.4)
C-12 (1.7-2.0)
C-12 (7.7-8.0)
C-13 (1.7-2.0)
C-13 (4.0-4.3)
C-13 (5.5-5.8)
C-13 (10.010.3)
31.6
39
22.9
16.1
0.46
CI
27
50
19
19.4
14.7
32.33
10
1.70E-04
C-14 (1.5-1.9)
6.6
12
63
7.00E-02
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
14.4
20.9
36.9
20.00
10.78
27
82
47.12
21.89
13.9
33.3
21.45
8.86
13.1
48.7
25.67
13.59
0.47
0.93
0.69
0.23
CL
CH
GW
GW
GW
-
3
23
2
1
31
12
10.21
10.12
20
72
23
13
40
28
35.71
24.86
25
5
26
10
22
7
13.68
9.87
15
0
29
16
1
6
7.25
6.40
12
0
13
15
2
5
5.68
5.06
25
0
7
45
4
42
25.39
25.88
0
0
0
0
0
0
19.5
21
18.2
20.88
17.806
19.63
1.61
16.5
17.4
13.3
15.80
2.37
32.5
28.8
24.8
33
35
25
27.48
5.44
5
25
20
30
18.33
8.74
3.60E-04
1.70E-07
2.30E-04
3.00E-03
1.00E-07
2.30E-06
8.23E-03
1.74E-02
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
C-15 (4.5-4.9)
C-15 (5.3-5.6)
C-15 (7.0-7.4)
PROSEK
ST.DEVIJAC.
PAGE 24
1.89
3.42
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Table 5: Results of geotechnical laboratory testing in the available documentation: the first 4 m from the surface
Strength parameters
natural moisture w (%)
Granulometric composition %
Volume mass
0,6-2,0
mm
2,0-6,0
mm
(kN/m3)
d (kN/m3)
Ms (200-400) kN/m2
0,2-0,6
mm
Dry
Ms (100-200) kN/m2
0,06-0,2
mm
Wet
Ms (50-100) kN/m2
small
Ms (0-50) kN/m2
large
medium
Small
c (kN/m )
gravell
( )
sand
>60 mm
dirt 0,002-0,06 mm
clay <0,002 mm
Group symbol AC
I Index of consistency
Ic
ndex of plasticity Ip
(%)
limit of plasticity wp
(%)
Direct shear
flow limit wt (%)
label
Limit of cosistency
Volume mass
the first 4 m of the surface

C-8 (1.0-1.4)
5.9
12
11
61
8.50E-03
C-7 (1.6-2.0)
9.3
11
60
10
4.80E-02
C-14 (1.5-1.9)
6.6
12
63
7.00E-02
C-9 (1.6-2.0)
10.7
12
10
57
8.50E-03
C-12 (1.7-2.0)
19.7
31
13
18
0.63
CL
18
74
20.9
17.7
31.5
20
2.30E-07
C-13 (1.7-2.0)
12
18
16
11
10
43
22.2
19.8
5.40E-04
C-2 (1.7-2.0)
21.1
8.5
29
-
13.1
-
15.9
-
0.5
-
CL
72
9
3
5
0
7
0
11
0
59
0
8
20.7
-
17.1
-
28.8
-
1.50E-07
25
1
20
C-10 (2.0-2.4)
C-11 (2.0-2.4)
9.9
11
10
67
2.00E-02
B-3 (3.00-3.30)
19.5
29
21
1.188
CL
6.57
89.53
3.4
0.5
20.4
16.1
20
13
5.89E-08
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
14.4
20
25
15
12
25
19.5
16.5
32.5
3.60E-04
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
20.9
27
13.9
13.1
0.47
CL
23
72
21
17.4
28.8
25
1.70E-07
C-14 (2.6-3.0)
23
26
29
13
2.30E-04
4.80E-02
C-1 (3.0-3.3)
11.4
18
15
10
40
5.40E-04
C-3 (2.7-3.0)
19.4
21.5
11.8
9.7
0.22
CL
12
71
20.3
16
26.5
20
5.40E-07
C-4 (3.5-3.8)
11
10
55
10
8.50E-03
C-5 (3.4-3.7)
20
54
1.40E-02
PROSEK
13.52
27.50
14.56
12.94
0.60
CL
5.92
31.62
10.38
7.26
6.71
37.19
3.12
20.71
17.23
28.02
17.17
1.34E-02
ST.DEVIJAC.
5.33
3.26
3.29
3.72
0.32
8.04
29.00
7.24
6.81
4.91
25.57
3.92
0.76
1.21
4.08
6.47
2.07E-02
PAGE 25
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
3.1.2. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOLID ROCK MASSES ALONG THE SECOND PART OF
THE PIPELINE ROUTE LOCATION WWTP
It is planned to level the terrain on which will fund the WWTP facilities excavated down to
elevations of 528 m asl on the northwestern part of the field up to 529 m above sea in the
southeast.
The assumed parameters required for determining the funding requirements of the entire
facility and individually by the WWTP facilities to a depth of interaction with the ground
buildings are:
Dolomitic limestone and dolomite:
The values of input parameters:
- Volume mass
-
=26,50 kN/m3
Uniaxial compressive strength
c=80 MPa
The load from the building
p=140 kN/m2
On the basis of the parameter and the empirical relationship between elasinih wave
velocity values were obtained refractive seismic studies, from literature and empirically
predicted volumetric weight of rock mass and compressive strength, and unit optereanja
from the building, which amounts to a maximum of 140 kN/m2, the calculated values
deformation and elasticity of the limestone-dolomitic environment (table no. 4.1.1. and
4.1.2.). The values of relating to the environment 2 and 3, since the middle of a speed
corresponding to Quaternary sediments of Cetinje field.
Accordingly the mean deformation and elasticity of 2 and 3 dolomite-limestone rock mass
along the second section of the pipeline route to the location of the WWTP, including the
location of the WWTP, the following:
2. matrix: dolomite-limestone rock mass:
The module of deformation
D=485 MPa
The module of elasticity
E=1630 MPa

The module of deformation
D=1665 MPa
The module of elasticity
E=4357 MPa
The application RocLab, according to Evert Hoek-in, the rock mass should be answered
the following values of geotechnical parameters for the depths the excavation to 10 m:
cohesion
c=0,054 MPa
internal friction angle
=41,13o

cohesion
c=0,152 MPa
internal friction angle
=54,69o
PAGE 26
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
The thickness of the surface zone dolomite-limestone rock mass, and predicting based on
existing seismic refraction profiles is 2-3m.
PAGE 27
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Table no. 4.1.1: Values of the elastic deformation of dolomitic limestones and dolomites on the basis of empirical relations
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
seismic
profile
Profil 17
Profil 18
Profil 19
Profil 20
Profil 21
Profil 22
Profil 23
matrix
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Srdina 1
Srdina 2
Srdina 3
Velocity
of
longitudin
al elastic
waves Vp
(km/s)
0,23
2,1
0,20/0,9
2,75
0,21/1,20
2,70
0,16/1,40
3,00
0,22/0,70
1,8
3,10
0,23/0,90
3,75
0,25
1,90
3,65
Velocity of
transverse
elastic
waves Vs
(km/s)
0,07
1,1
1,20
-
module of deformation based on the

relations:
D(MPa ) = c ( 26,5 p + 37 c
0 ,6
0,503
382,766
0,331/30,130
859,555
0,383/71,420
813,518
0,169/113,412
1115,936
0,440/14,177
241,042
1231,291
0,503/30,130
2179,563
0,646
283,489
2009,806
) Vp 10 3
module of deformation
based on the
relations:
D( MPa ) = 0,71 10 2 Vp
2,848
1,080
587,407
0,725/52,595
1266,129
0.834/119,335
1201,662
0,384/185,111
1622,182
0,952/25,710
378,682
1780,969
1,080/52,595
3062,664
1,370
441,722
2835,753
PAGE 28
module of elasticity based

on the
relations:
E ( MPa ) = 1,035 c
1,3
Vp
10,4938
1698,485
7,609/241,944
3158,076
8,513/468,894
3027,569
4,554/668,424
3857,769
9,474/135,732
1191,473
4159,961
10,494/241,944
6445,094
12,712
1349,244
6056,628
2,3
module of elasticity
based on the
relations:
E (MPa ) = 2,64 10 2 Vp
7,815
1560,699
5,592/205,123
2977,184
6,285/408,548
2849,182
3,277/590,991
3666,987
7,026/112,361
1078,901
3966,571
7,815/205,123
6257,615
9,543
1228,058
5865,369
2,395
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
Table no. 4.1.2.: Average values of deformation and elasticity of dolomitic limestones and dolomites
No
.
seismic
profile
matrix
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Profile 17
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
matrix 1
matrix 2
matrix 3
Profile 18
Profile 19
Profile 20
Profile 21
Profile 22
Profiel 23
Velocity
of
longitudinal
elastic waves Vp
(km/s)
0,23
2,1
0,20/0,9
2,75
0,21/1,20
2,70
0,16/1,40
3,00
0,22/0,70
1,8
3,10
0,23/0,90
3,75
0,25
1,90
3,65
Velocity
of
transverse elastic
waves Vs (km/s)
average
value
of
module of deformation
D (MPa)
average
value
of
module of elasticity
E (MPa)
0,07
1,1
1,20
-
0,791
485,086
0,528/41,362
1062,842
0,608/95,377
1007,590
0,277/149,261
1369,059
0,696/19,943
309,862
1506,130
0,791/41,362
2621,114
1,008
362,605
2422,780
9,155
1629,592
6,601/223,534
3067,630
7,399/438,721
2938,375
3,916/629,707
3762,378
8,250/124,046
1135,187
4063,266
9,155/223,534
6351,354
11,127
1288,651
5961,000
PAGE 29
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
4. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL
CONDITIONS
OF
PIPELINE
CONSTRUCTION OUT OF CETINJE FIELD AND FOUNDATION WWTP
4.1. FACILITIES TECHNICAL DATA
According to the preliminary design of pipeline digging depths to a depth of 5 m and
foundation plants WWTP from elevation of the natural terrain that ranges from elevation
525-540 m are:
-
5,5 m depths for the SBR
6,5 m depths for the deepest pool of Equalization
4,5 m depths for the collective pool
WWTP footprint dimensions are 19.50 x11, 50 m.
4.2. CONDITIONS FOR THE SEWERAGE EXCAVATION

4.2.1. KLASSIFICATION AND CONDITIONS FOR SEWAGE NETWORK PERFORMING
Excavations will be carried out in two types of environments:
- Cohesionless to semi-related gravelly sandy-clayey areas and
-
Related carbonate rock mass
According to standard construction materials GN-200 from the first environment. that.
belong to the category from III-IV. In III category is well drainedcompacted gravel
materials with increasing clay content and the general bonding materials, increasing
their categories IV.
The second environment as noted above are dolomite-limestone rock masses that is V
to 2-3 m depth and VI category dig deeper, depending on their degree of cracking and
their disintegration.
The route network of the leading field of Cetinje, and plain terrain, through the urban
area of Cetinje, with maximum elevations from 677.5 m above sea. Burial depth of the
pipe is variable between 1.0 m 5.5 m.
Additional research needs to better define the engineering and hydrogeological
characteristics of fields to a clearer picture of interaction networks, and terrain.
PAGE 30
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
4.2.2. STABILITY OF THE EXCAVATION AND SURROUNDING TERRAIN
Excavation of trenches in Glacia-fluvial material to be carried out with planking and
strutting, wooden roof supports of 2-5 mau if necessary for the excavation of over 5 m
depth and steel support. Preliminary analysis of the stability of vertical excavation in
Geoslope software, Glacia-fluvial materials Cetinjskog Fields, it was determined that
the excavation to a depth of 2.2 m with a safety factor greater than Fs> 1.2, (min. safety
factor for the temporary excavation according to GN-200). Possible slip sufrace,
laterally with respect to the trench, the depths at a distance as possible instability.
Although the stability analysis of the forecasted vertical excavation deeper than 2 m,
according to the regulations of any excavation deeper than 2 m should be required to
provide from depths and the depth digging sewage. This is particularly true of the
Lower Field, where in addition clayed materials, there is a recurring problem and
influence of high groundwater to a level surface.
As for funding the other route of the pipeline from the fields of Cetinje WWTP facilities,
excavations will be stable under min. 3:1 slope dug, and not need any security
measures are dug, but from relegation of small blocks (need kavanje) or locally at
cutting loose rock fragmented materials (rock creep) of a thickness greater than 2 m,
with little or no clay binder.
4.2.3. DRAINAGE OF THE AREA
Based on previous research and observations of the groundwater regime, it was found
that the areas of Cetinje fields, occasionally under the influence of water from aquifers
underground formed in Glacia-fluvial sediments and to inundations during periods when
flows are greater than atmosverilija drenibilne features of these sediments. Problem
ovodnjenosti increases from northern to southern edge of Cetinje, and the Donje
Polje, where levels may be periodic in the level of the ground surface and above it.
This partly explains the high flows are relatively continuous insulating properties of clay
at the bottom middle of fields of Cetinje between a pebble and partly sandy clayed
Glacia-fluvial sediments withdrawn and karstified limestone-dolomite base. This is
evident mark drainage in the Lower Field, where the thickest clayey sediments and
Glacia-fluvial gravelly sands and conglomerates most clayed part directly representing
the hydraulic barrier to groundwater drainage from the intergranular to the south and
middle of the dolomite-limestone rock mass. Forecasting intermittent max. drainage
dug in the center of Cetinje intergranular fields can amount to 10 l/min./10 m length of
trench dug. In dry periods drainage dug problems do not exist, because the drying
released, except in conditions of extreme rainfall intensity.
In areas where the excavations carried out in the dolomite-limestone rock mass,
drainage problem does not exist in extreme conditions inundations, because
groundwater levels are 300-350 m below the ground surface and released it drains to
the Reka Crnojevi and lake Skadar. In these periods are possible minor leachate
water.
PAGE 31
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
5. CONCEPT AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE

FINAL DESIGN
5.1. INTRODUCTION
To solve the issue of conditions of building design and operation of wastewater
(rainwater and sewage) at Final Design is necessary to conduct additional research,
with the concept, goals, objectives and methodology based on the following:
- development of survey project
-
revision of survey project,
realisation of the survey project;
preparation of appropriate documentation studies as a basis for designing
preparation of synthesis studies
The execution of these works by the fact in accordance with the applicable regulations
and standards of the Republic of Montenegro.
If for some research or testing is not a technical regulation, it will use the appropriate
instructions, recommendations, etc.. international and national professional societies
and institutions.
5.2. DEVELOPMENT OF SURVEY PROJECT

The main basis for the design of the geotechnical studies:
- Seismic base and seismic microzones of theurban areas of Cetinje
Municipality, Department of Geological Survey of SR Crna Gora-Titograd,
1983
-

and Austrian, English, French and Turkish embassy), Geological SurveyTitograd, 1980
Preliminary Project hydrotechnical solutions of the basic system of flood

protection Cetinje, Belgrade-Centroprojekt, 1987
The concept of the survey in this proposal is based on the following principles:
- cooperation with the designer of sewage related facilities;
-
research order: from general to specific and from a wider area to research
locations and reverse (deductive and inductive approach to problem solving);
selectivity in choosing the individual research and exploration works;
succession in the execution of some experiments by nature and extent;
species and the importance of objects for which the works are carried out.
PAGE 32
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
At the location of the WWTP and sewerage network of the route, provided the
geomechanical and geotechnical field survey and laboratory testing of soil and
groundwater, as part of a unique process of research.
The project should define the optimal amount, type, layout and additional research in
order to obtain adequate data to address these issues.
In preparing survey project to use the available topographic maps used by the designer
of preliminary design, scale 1:500-1:2500.
5.3. REALIZATION OF THE SURVEYS PROJECT

The terrain research for the Final design, design of construction and operation of sewer
networks with related facilities, including geotechnical and geomechanical studies.
The methodology includes cabinet work, field and laboratory work. For verification of
the final grade in a defined area and along the property line and provided for the
execution of certain investigations: exploration drilling.
For geology engineering problem solving task of survey is necessary to successively
made:
- collecting and analysis of existing documentation (it`s done);
-
geodetic Survey of detailed topographic base (profile) in the ratio 1:5001:1000;
engineering geological mapping of the space exploration area in particular the

other sections of the route wastewater and WWTP to determine: the
properties of space engineering, engineering units allocated to the
engineering geological and geomechanical properties, the limit distribution of
engineering units, engineering geological phenomena and processes, hydrogeological phenomena, the important aspect of the engineering-,
geomorphological phenomena, structural and other elements. (In the context
of the concept of engineering-field mapping is contained in the mapping of
hydrogeological phenomena and the state of groundwater essential to the
engineering-point).
izradu istranih radova:

o
5-10 exploration boreholes up to 6 m depth in Cetinje field area, and

depth to the depth of the trench dug for the wastewater (sewer
network for route, outside the fields of Cetinje no additional
investigative work, because the site is provided for their construction is
in the dolomite and limestone rock masses);
engineering-mapping of the core from exploration boreholes;
taking of samples from boreholes for geotechnical laboratory testing of recent

material;
taking of samples of rocks from the surface for laboratory physicalmechanical testing;
taking of water samples from boreholes for chemical test for the
aggressiveness on the concrete and construction materials
PAGE 33
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
-
seismic refraction along the two profiles, along the route of the second part of
the pipeline outside the fields of Cetinje and the location of the WWTP, the
length of some 120-150 m, with registration of longitudinal propagation
velocity (Vp) and shear (Vs) of elastic waves;
geotechnical laboratory testing of recent material, classification and special

conditions for establishing additional design, construction and operation of
sewage through Cetinje field;
laboratory of physical-mechanical tests on the dolomite-limestone rocks to

determine the input parameters for engineering parameters necessary
classification of environments, their geotechnical parametars (elastic
modulus, strain, Poisson's ratio, cohesion, angle of internal friction), dug
categorization, slope dug, measures insurance during construction of
wastewater and WWTP, etc..
PAGE 34
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
6. CONCLUSIONS
1. According to analysis, synthesis and re-interpretation of results from existing
documentation, the terms of design, construction and operation of rainwater and
sewage are favorable, almost the entire length, it will be excavation for structures
generally performed without drainage, with little or periodic, in conditions of extreme
inundations and precipitation. An exception may be the area of the Lower fields,
especially in periods of inundations, or extreme padanina, because the groundwater
level at the surface at times, and even above it. In these conditions, the construction
of sewerage planning in arid summer periods, provided that you should check the
possibility of resurfacing parts of wastewater. In the space outside the fields of
Cetinje and the WWTP site, the construction conditions are favorable, it will be done
without digging drainage, with the possible penetration of atmospheric water during
extreme rainfall;
2. From the engineering-construction point of view wastewater conditions are also
favorable. In the fields of Cetinje, the analysis of stability of vertical dug, it is stable to
a depth of 2.2 m from the surface (safety factor Fs> 1.2), and deeper with the use of
passive security. Digging machinery. In the dolomite-limestone excavation will be
stable up to the depth dug, it is for the space of WWTP. Digging with the use of
explosives;
3. According to classification of surface dug GN-200, excavations in Glacia fluvial
materials belonging to category III and IV of the excavation. In the dolomitelimestone excavation V and VI belong to the category of dug, but VI is dominant
(more than 80%).
4. For a more detailed introduction of engineering and hydrogeological conditions of the
design, construction and operation of sewerage network throughout the length and
the WWTP, the level of the main project is required to perform additional survey
presented in chapter 6.
PAGE 35
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
7. REFERENCES AND FUNDED DOCUMENTATION

During the preparation of the geotechnical study used the available documentation.
List of documents and publications:
- Seismic base and seismic micro-zones of urban areas SO Cetinje, Institute
for Geological Research SR Crne Gore-Titograd,1983.
-

and Austrian, English, French and Turkish embassy), Institute for Geological
Research Titograd, 1980.
Preliminary design for hydrotechnical solutions of the basic system of Cetinje

flood protection, Centroprojekt-Beograd, 1987.
Basic geological map SFRJ, sheet Kotor, 1:100 000, textual and
graphhical documentation, Federal geological institute, Beograd, 1969.
PAGE 36
GEOTECHNICAL STUDY
8. LIST OF DRAWINGS
Br. crtea
name of drawing
1017-IP-G-A-001
Basic geological map of Cetinje

1:100 000
1017-IP-G-A-002
Engineering-geological situation of the terrain with

the position of the performed survey and designed
geotechnical survey, 1:2500
1017-IP-G-A-003
Projected engineering-geological longitudinal cross

section terrain I-I, 1:100
1017-IP-G-A-004

section terrain II-II, 1:100
1017-IP-G-A-005

sections terrain III-III and IV-IV, 1:100
PAGE 37

Geologija Cetinja

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GOVERNMENT OF MONTENEGRO

PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR WWTP CETINJE &

GENERAL PROJECT CONTENT

NAME OF PROJECT PART

HYDRAULIC TUNNEL BELVEDER

WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP)

Electrical design new TS

Electrical design electrical equipment for the treatment process and

Electrical design additional installations

Previous expropriation study

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2. REVIEW OF RESEARCH EXECUTED BY NOW WITH A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH

3. RESULTS OF THE SURVEY WITH DATA PROCESSING .................................................................. 22

4. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION OUT OF CETINJE

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1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT EXPLORATION AREA

1.2. TIME WHEN THE RESEARCH WAS PERFORMED

Seismological and seismic surface micro-urban areas of Cetinje SO,

The results of geotechnical investigations for various locations in Cetinje

Preliminary Project hydropower solutions of the basic system of flood

Figure 1. Geographical position of exploration area

1.1. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

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Slika 2. Geomorfoloka karta ireg podruja istraivanja

1.2. HIDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

Well water-permeable rock masses that are characterized by cracking and

The complex of water-permeability and water- impermeable rock masses that

The complex of water-permeability and water-impermeable rock masses that

Water-impermeable rock masses.

Water permeability of rock masses

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1.3. CHARACTERISTICS OF METEOROLOGY

1.4. HYDROGRAPHIC NETWORK

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2. REVIEW OF RESEARCH EXECUTED BY NOW WITH A BRIEF

2.1. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

2.2. TECTONIC SURVEY

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2.3. GEOMORPHOLOGIC SURVEY

2.4. GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

2.5. HYDROGEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS

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2.6. ENGINEERING-GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

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Cultural and historical monument French embassy

Red Cross Cetinje

Administration Building Trgopromet Cetinje

Cultural and historical monument Turkish embassy

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The Austrian embassy

Cultural and historical monument English embassy

Cultural and historical monument

Monument - Military apartment

Elementary school Njego

2.7. SEISMOLOGICAL SURVEYS AND ACTIVITIES

the reference period 50 year a (g) = 0,117 g;

the reference period 100 year a (g) = 0,170 g;

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