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ELEMENTARY
SWEDISH GRAMMAR
COMBINED WITH
EXERCISES, READING LESSONS AND CONVERSATIONS
HENRI FORT.
II
SECOND EDITION.
LONDON.
W.
C.
NEW
DYRSEN
THE
NEWS
G. E.STECHERT & CO.,
STEIGER &
BOSTON: RITTER & FLEBBE,
E.
149 a
151-155 West
25th Street.
Tremont
Street.
HEIDELBERG.
aTJ]L.ITJ
OROOS.
i9n.
&
Co.,
W.
pr>
sill
nil
Heidelberg.
Julius Oroos,
Preface.
The second edition of this "Elementary Swedish
Grammar" has undergone many alterations in the text
of the exercises, most of which have been taken from
the best class-books used in Swedish schools.
The
chief
features
of
the
of the
great
all
those
who
He
has
H. Fort.
ivi249302
IV
Contents.
Page
The alphabet
Pronunciation.
1
2
2
2
Accentuation
Pronunciation of the letters
Vowels
Consonants
Swedish writing
1.
Lesson.
2.
3.
declension
4.
II.
5.
III.
6.
IV.
7.
8.
I.
V.
Irregularities in the formation of the plural of nouns
The gender of substantives
Remarks on the nouns. Read. Less. Fisket i Sverige
The auxiliary verbs. Reading Lesson: Gustav
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
II.
16.
17.
18.
19.
III.
IV.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
>
Vasas ungdom
The adjective. Reading Lesson: Gruvan
The adjective (contin.). Read. Lesson yiS^ocMoZTTis
hlodhad
The verb. I. conjugation. Read. Less.: Stockholm
.
/S'^ocA:^oZm (cont.)
.
(contin.)
92
95
101
108
113
117
120
123
127
130
Hemmet
The
132
construction
Hemmet
of sentences.
(contin.)
Reading exercises
Poems
Appendix
Vocabulary:
64
69
75
80
Kinnekulle
Slag et vid Poltava 84
54
59
18
20
22
23
26
28
32
35
38
41
46
51
I.
II.
Swedish-English
English -Swedish
Reading Lesson:
135
139
152
157
161
192
Pronunciation,
1.
The Alphabet.
letters,
\":
*
'-
'
.\
2.
Pronunciation.
Accentuation.
is
represented by the
following signs:
1)
'
2)
mid-strong accent
weak accent
secondary weak
'
3)
r,
y,
'
4)
These
signs,
a) after a
b) after a
when
accent.
placed,
this
vowel
is
long,
is
short.
Ex.: 1) a)
3.
Vowels.
I.
1.
Swedish a
1) In
is
A.
pronounced:
long syllables like a in father like Gero in ^ttte and French a in ame.
man
Phonetic transcription: a.
Ex.: a)
bra
[bra.'],
well.
2) In
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a) alster [al'stdr], product.
b) packe [pak'd^], package.
c)
docka \dok-a%
doll.
a.
Pronunciation.
E.
2.
Swedish
e is
pronounced:
1) in
Phonetic transcription:
e.
2) in
short syllables
man, parish,
:
a) like a in
c in 2Scrf and
French al
Phonetic transcription:
Elx.:
a)
b)
carry ,
German
in traltre.
ee.
final syllables
in
-el,
-e,
-er.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.
a)
gosse
c)
e in
other cases.
3) like
there
and 2lU
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.
fest [festt],
penna
in
e.
Swedish
I.
i is pronounced
long syllables like ee
:
in meet.
Phonetic transcription:
:
i.
2) in
all
[pen'a^], pen.
3.
Ex.
hair
it
1) in
in
feast.
in
Except
when
a.
[^os'a'j, boy.
b) fag el [fotpdl], bird.
Ex.:
a)
b)
Phonetic transcription
irra [ir'a'], to err.
minska [min'ska%
in
i
miss.
(as above).
to decrease.
1*
Pronunciation.
0.
4.
Swedish
o is pronounced:
long syllables:
a) nearly like o in go or oa in gfOat in a
few words of foreign origin ending in -oh, -of, -ok, -om,
-ofiy 'op, -or, -OS, -ovy -log and in some other words such
1) in
as:
ekonom
[ek'onotm]^ economist.
corridor.
sleep.
oa in broad5>
/9) like o in more,
in door in a few words before -rl, -rd, -I
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a) sorl [so.'rl], murmur,
b) order [o.'rddr], order.
and oo
and -v.
o.
o in to lose, oo in too or u in
at the end of a long
syllable and at the beginning of a word when forming
a syllable of its own.
y) like
rule
in
Ex.:
many monosyllables
Phonetic transcription:
word.
ord
[ojlrd],
stol
[staj!i\^
co.
chair.
ro [roj!], rest.
broder [bra>'ddr% brother.
obekant [co'bdkan't], unknown.
2) in
short syllables:
a) like o in clock in
most cases:
Phonetic transcription:
o.
Pronunciation.
Phonetic transcriptions:
Ex.: a) ost
[ojstt],
co.
cheese.
e)
skolor
f)
dockor [dok-ajT%
[skco'lajr^], schools.
dolls.
U.
5.
different sounds.
1) In
it
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a)
ui.
ur [mtr\
b)
gud
c)
hus
watch, clock.
[gmtd\ god.
[hmis\ house.
two.
d) tu [tui^,
e)
N.B.
sound
hjuda
(bjiti'da^\,
to invite.
In unaccented syllables,
u,
salu [saUui],
(till)
(for) sale.
2) in
tt
in ittng.
Phonetic transcription
u.
kund
c)
stund
d)
faktum [fak'tum%
e)
furstinna [fudstin'a%
f)
rum
[kuntd], customer.
[sfun!d],
moment.
1)
tj
princess.
[rum!], room.
6.
Swedish
fact.
Y.
has:
in
Pronunciation.
Phonetic transcription: y.
Ex.: a)
[y'ra''\ whirl.
\my'ra% ant.
yra
b)
myra
c)
hy [hyt\
village.
like
tt
in f(uftern.
Phonetic transcription: y.
Ex.: a) ynka [yy'ka^ to pity,
b) syster [sys'tdr% sister.
o
7.
Swedish a
is
A.
pronounced:
Phonetic transcription:
o.
2) in
trdd
thread.
[tro.^d],
short syllables
man
like o in
o in 3Sol!.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a)
b) sdll
sieve.
[mot!], measure.
[sol!],
d)
matt
sdng
e)
rdtta [rot'a%
c)
o.
[soy!],
song.
rat.
8.
A.
Swedish a
is pronounced:
long syllables:
a) before r followed by a consonant like a
parish but longer and German d in 9efa^rlid&.
1) in
in
Phonetic transcription: ,
Ex.: aria [$s'rla% wagtail.
jdrn
lice!jin],
gdma
^) in all
in hair.
iron.
[jag'jina% willingly.
other
Pronunciation.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a)
dga
b) dta
e.
{e'ga.% to posess.
['ta% to eat.
2) in short syllables:
a) before double r or r followed by a consonant
like a in c8p,yhat or German c in 2Bcrf.
Phonetic transcription: %.
Ex.: a) drr [sert\ scar.
b) drt \8erit\ pea.
c)
mdrke
d) Idrka
mark.
[mier'kd'],
lark.
[l%rka%
Idmpa [lm'pa%
to apply.
'
9.
Swedish
1) in
6*
is
0.
pronounced:
long syllables:
oeu in c(ur.
Phonetic transcription:
[ceUn], eagle.
b) morda [mce'rda'], to murder.
c) lordag [lceUda(gJ], Saturday.
Ex.: a)
ce.
om
'^
Phonetic transcription: o.
Ex.: a) for [/oVr], for.
b) ora [o'ra'], ear.
c)
d)
fora [fd'ra%
smor [smo'r],
to lead.
butter.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a) oga
b)
lopa
eye.
[l0'pa% to run.
[0'ga,'],
0.
Pronunciation.
mor
e)
[mo.^r], maids.
short syllables:
2) in
a) before r
o> in 6rter.
German
ce.
dorr
c)
j3)
man
in
[doer!], door.
all
in r5ften.
ii
Phonetic transcription:
o.
mossa
c)
[mds'a'], cap.
II.
Consonants.
B.
10.
Swedish
1)
b is
pronounced:
b.
d)
e)
word
Phonetic transcription: p.
Ex.: snabbt
[snai?'.^],
klubbslag
swift.
11.
Swedish
c is
e,
and
8ense
before the
y.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.:
a)
club.
c.
pronounced
1) like English 8 in
wels
blow with a
[lclup'sla.'g],
s.
soft
vo-
Pronunciation.
English k in
2) like
kill.
chef>:
a) before h (except in French words such as
etc.)
and
k.
Phonetic transcription: k.
Ex.: a) och [oki], and.
b) jiicka [fiik'a%
c) icke [ik'd'], not.
Note.
words as:
girl.
is
substituted for
c.
Such
to court,
c,
etc.
spelt with k.
D.
12.
Swedish d
etc.
now
are
is
pronounced:
English d in duck.
1) like
Phonetic transcription: d.
Ex.: a)
b)
c)
bathe.
English t in take.
2) like
3)
t.
god.
djup
djur
[jyuiir]^
animal.
13.
Swedish f
j.
[juiip], deep.
is
pronounced
F.
:
1) like
/?)
before s and t.
the end of some foreign words.
r) at
10
Pronunciation.
Phonetic transcription: /.
Ex.
a)
b)
c)
Jikon [Jl'kon%
fig.
b)
rofsa
[rejf^'sa'],
rake.
a)
strof
b)
c)
[stro!f], strophe.
Phonetic transcription:
Uf[Wvl
Ex.:
bref
After
v.
life.
[bre'v], letter.
is
14.
Swedish g
G.
is
pronounced:
English y in year.
a) before the soft vowels: e^ i, i/, a and o.
^) after I and r in the same root- syllable.
1) like
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.:
(
'
j.
gyckel
[jykidl], jest,
^
P
j
\
11
Pronunciation.
y)
before a consonant.
S) at the
1, /3).
Phonetic transcription: g.
Ex.:
a)
gata [ga'ta%
b)
god
c)
gud
gd
\ d)
street.
[gcoid], good.
[gmtd]^ god.
[got], to go.
^
r
^
^
3) like
a)
I b)
English k in keen.
a) before s
/9)
and
t.
the
before
final
in
syllables
-set,
-sen
and
sera.
Phonetic transcription: k.
Ex.:
a)
hogst
~ )gst
c)
sagt
highest,
[hdk.'st],
[hdk!st], highest.
b) fattigt [fat'ikHl
[fat'ik% poorly.
[sakit], said
b)
c)
4) like
in
ng
English
vowel and
finger
between a short
n.
Phonetic transcription: y.
Ex.: a) regna [reyna'], to rain.
b) fdgna [feyna''], to gladden.
5) like
-e-
and
foreign words.
Phonetic transcription
Ex.: geni [fenif] genius.
logi [lofit], lodging.
Note. In the combinations ^j, the
Ex.: gjort [jojj,!t]^ made.
gjuta
[jm'ta''],
Swedish
/.
is
mute.
to found.
15.
1) like
H.
h is pronounced:
English h
in
-i
in
12
Pronunciation.
Phonetic transcription: h.
Ex.: hagla Uia'gla^], to hail.
hehag [hdhatgX
[hdhat
pie
2) before the
consonants j and v \
quite mute.
/i is
16.
Swedish j
1) like
Ex.
J.
is
pronounced:
English y in .year.
a)
jord
Phonetic transcription: J.
[jcoUd], earth.
bjuda [bjm'da%
to invite.
koja
[koj-a^], cot.
English 8h in bush,
derived from French.
shame
2) like
Phonetic transcription
Ex.:
a)
projeJd [projfektt]^
b)
jurnal
/.
project,
[furna.'l], journal.
17.
Swedish k
words
in
K.
is
pronounced:
k
in kid.
like
1)
English
a) before the hard vowels a, o, u, and a.
the soft vowels e and i in unaccented
/?) before
final syllables.
f)
a)
b)
a syllable.
^
r
^
a) rike
[rrkd% kingdom.
after the
this
letter
before
y,
13
Pronunciation.
b)
c)
prakt
rid)
skola
a)
^{
e)
minska
f)
rysk
a)
tak
b)
dka
a)
b)
c)
2) like
[prak!t], magnificence,
[sk(o'la'\, school.
[min'ska.''], to decrease.
[rys!k], Russian.
[ta'k], roof.
[o'ka^], to drive.
German b^
in 9}idb$en
and [nearly
like
mentioned at
1, /5,
<^,
12) a
page
and
o.
^) before j.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.:
a)
kedja
b) kil
\
I
[gitl],
wedge.
c)
kyla [cy'la'\
d)
kdr
e)
kol
[getr],
a)
cold.
dear.
keel.
[co.'Z],
Note: ko \ko.%
cue.
kjusa [cia'sa%
dell.
18.
Swedish
and
c.
[ge'dja'], chain,
is
L.
pronounced
like
English 1
in loan
call.
Phonetic transcription:
Z.
Note.
kalla [kal'a'l to
is
call.
in the
word <ivdrld*.
19.
Swedish
is
M.
main.
Phonetic transcription: m.
Ex.: a)
matta [mat'a^
b)
palm
c)
lampa
carpet.
[pal.'m], palm.
[lam'pa''\ lamp.
in
14
Pronunciation.
20.
Swedish n
N.
is
pronounced;
English n in none generally.
1) like
Phonetic transcription: n.
Ex.: a) natur
b)
panna
c)
organ
[natui.'r]^
nature.
[pan'a'J, forehead.
[orgatn], organ.
2) like
Phonetic transcription;
y.
3)
mute
is
lugnt
words:
in the
[luytt], peacefully.
ndmnt
\nemtt\ named.
The combination ng
1) like
English ng
is
in
pronounced:
sing and
German ng
in
6ringen.
a) After
tal sound.
e,
i,
/?) after a, o
tural sound.
?/,
a and a whereby
and u whereby
it
Phonetic transcription:
it
has a pala-
f)
g)
h)
2)
is
pronounced:
Phonetic transcription: g.
Ex.: a)
15
Pronunciation.
/^)
like
+ n
English ng in siiig
at the end of
words.
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a)
,b)
vagn
[vayiri], carriage.
[ur)tn\ oven.
ugn
21.
Swedish j9
7)71.
is
P.
pronounced
like
English p in peep.
Phonetic transcription: p.
Ex.
a)
pol
c)
[pojtT\ pole.
b) lojpjp [loA course.
22.
Is
Q.
k by which
always pronounced
new orthography:
like
it is
now
replaced in the
23.
Swedish
is
etc.
R.
pronounced:
1) nearly
Phonetic transcription:
it
should
r.
-s,
-t
it is
Phonetic transcription:
Ex.: a)
b)
c)
ham
,i
(also: r).
[hajbtn], child.
d) hevars
[
L^j^^^
24.
Swedish
s is
S.
c)
resa \re'sa% to
ros [ro)is\ rose.
travel.
s.
16
Pronunciation.
si>
is
pro-
/.
The combinations:
pronounced
sch-,
skj-
sj-,
and
stj-
are also
like 8h in sliip.
Sk.
The
1) like
combination sk is
pronounced:
English sh in ship.
a) before
-e,
-i,
-z/,
-a
and
-0.
Phonetic transcription /.
:
skord
in the following
words:
b)
c)
skarlakan [farlaikan],
a)
scarlet.
consonant.
before the hard vowels a, 0, u and a.
y) after all vowels at the end of words or syllables.
/5)
skriva [skri'va^\ to
a) skald [skaV.d]^ poet.
1 b) skog [skoj'.gX wood.
a)
write.
kusk
{kustlc],
coachman.
Note.
root-syllable
17
Pronunciation.
The combination
1) like
sc is
pronounced:
English 8 in
-scent, -scens
and
in
8hip
words ending
in
-scion.
Phonetic transcription /.
:
Note.
[kon'valesn.'t] [kon'valesen^s].
2) like
T.
25.
Swedish
1)
like
t is pronounced:
English t in tip in most words.
Phonetic transcription:
t.
2) like
in gets before
English ts
the vowels a or
followed by
i.
Phonetic transcription:
ts.
The combination
a) like
in -Hon
8h
ti
is
pronounced:
in ship.
preceded by a consonant.
Phonetic transcription
y*.
ending
like
in -tion
Phonetic transcription:
tf.
The combination
tj
is
pronounced
like
German
b^ in 3)idb4en.
Phonetic transcription:
Elementary Swedish Grammar.
c.
18
Pronunciation.
26.
Swedish
v is
pronounced
V.
like
English v in
Phonetic transcription:
,voice.
v.
27.
W.
Swedish x
is
X.
pronounced
like
English x in
fix.
cci
is
pro-
29.
Swedish
z is
Z.
Ex.: zink
in sit.
s.
[siy.'k], zinc.
4.
Swedish writing.
differs
of the
little
handwriting.
Notice the following letters
yf U,J
^ U,
v_^
Ky
i^x^j
Latin characters
from the English
(y ^
and
'?
Preliminary remarks.
1.
The genders.
Swedish three genders, viz: the masculine (han-kon), the feminine (hon-kon), and the
There are
neuter
in
(det-kon) genders.
Pronunciation.
19
difficult
2.
The numlbers.
The parts
The article
The noun
(flertal),
of speech in
(artikel).
or substantive
sin-
(ting-
ord).
First Lesson.
The
There are
1.
definite
the
in
article, the
articles.
Swedish three
independent definite
I.
The
terminal definite
article
and
equivalent to
the
article.
indefinite article.
(Obestamd artikel.)
2.
The
indefinite
article
is
en
en
barn
Jiicka
(fern.),
a girl; etf
(neut.), a child.
3.
Interrogative sentences with the auxiliary'
verbs hava"^ to have and vara" to be are formed
as in English:
Is the father good?
Ex.: dr fadern godf
hava de en fader f
Hava [ha'va%
Jag har [jatg hatr\ I have.
du har {duit ], thou hast
to have.
(you have).
Words.
drlan
the wagtail
bird
fdgel U'oigdJ]
hamen[ha'JLndn'^] [the] children
[le'rlan^]
stjdrt [fxjitt]
tail
liten
little
mask
\li'tdn^'\
[masth]
worms
The
stalk
who ?
iitjalk [fel'k]
mitt [nkf]
pretty
styv [sty!v]
stiff
ungar
yoimg ones
[i?;*ar']
munter
Idng
[Zo?;/]
lively
long
[upt up and
down
alia [aZ'aJ
everybody,
segdma[setjse'r-
like to see
ok: ne'd]
hon
Tia']
tycka mycket
[she] it.
for itself
[hconf]
at sig
[ott si'g]
[tyk'a''
sina [si'na^]
its.
da [do^
when, as
trippar [trip'ar^] ambles, is ambling
omkringlomkriyf about
plockar [plok'ar picks up
gungar
what?
dr [%!r] or [e^r] is
dro[x'roy]or[8'rco^] are.
livlig [li'vlig^]
sj
21
articles.
[guy'ar'
henne [hen'd']
som [som^
vippar [vip'ar^]
ihland [ihlanta\
pa
swings
om
of,
like
it
that,
which
wags
sometimes, now
and then
on
[poi]
gor
[jotr]
och
[oki]
Reading Exercise
very fond
are
myk'df
all
does
and.
1.
Arlan.
Arlan ar en liten natt fagel. Hon ar munter och livlig.
Alia se henne garna. Barnen tycka mycket om henne. Hon
har en lang styv stjart, som vippar upp och ned, da hon
Hon plockar mask at sig och sina ungar.
trippar omkring.
Ibland gungar hon pa en stjalk.
Conversation.
Hurudan ar arlan?
Ar hon en livlig fagel?
Se alia henne garna?
Vem
Words.
pupil
Idrjungellse'rjuy'd]
school-master skolmdstare [skco'l-
the teacher
chair
mes'tard'']
school
skola
man
man [man^
class-room
klassrum
maps
[klas^rum^]
kartof' [ka'rtcor']
svart tavla [svaM't
blackboard
[skoj'la''']
(neut.)
ta'vla"]
forms
skolhdnkar[skoj-lbey^kar]
Idraren
[U'rardii^]
Idrostol
[le'rco-
stoj'r]
the desk(s)
pulpet(ema)[pul-
penholder
pennskaft
peit]
(neut.)
[pen'skaf^t]
inkstand
copy-book
hldckhorn (neut.)
[hUkliojUn]
skrivbok [skrrvbco'k]
Lesson
22
am
go
in
our
I
to
goir i skoj'la^]
talar [ta'lar']
engelska [ey^dlska]
speaks
English
Swedish
lard [lasUd]
learned
blyertspenna
[hlyeMspen^a]
pencil
2.
i [if]
several
there are,
[is]
flere [fle'rd']
det jinns[dett fints]
sits
sitter [sitidr]
behind
each
varje
hakom [hakom^
see
jag
[var'jd^]
sei^
[jatg setr].
svenska [sven'ska^]
Translation Exercise 2.
The class-room.
am
a pupil.
reading book.
Second Lesson.
II.
The terminal
definite article.
(Slutartikel.)
Singular.
3.
of the I'S
Ex.
't
or
-et
4^^'
Ex.:
2^^,
3'*^
and
5'^
declensions.^
for the
neuter nouns
and
declensions.
5*^
belonging to the
3'"'^,
the table.
Plural,
4.
masculine substantives
declensions.
of the
(4,
5,
6 and
7).
2'''^
and
The
-na
23
article.
girls
gossarne or gossarna, the boys
nyheterna, the news; myterierna, the seditions.
flickorna, the
neuter nouns
-a for the
neuter nouns
hamen,
Ex.:
The independent
III.
definite article.
(Fristaende artikel).
jag dr [ja!g et
du dr [diai
_
han dr ^an'
]
hon dr [hojni ]
am
he
dren
de dro
is
she
is
]ii
it
is
we
are
you are
s'rdn']
they are.
[det e'rco^]
Words.
2
pd 800
stort
great
[stcotdt]
fruktbart [fruk't-
fertile
bauH]
vdrt [votjbt]
our
[he'vdiy'] chieftain
sdndebud (neut.) messenger(s),
ambassador(s)
[sen'ddbia^d]
av [atv\
sedan [sedan]
of
since
folket
bodde
8ver(i)ge
[ii
Sweden
in
svsmrtjd]
hovding
(neut.)
dwelt
was called,
whose name
came
[was
Russia
kommo
[rys'lan^d[\
pd andra sidan on
the
side
other
grdnserlgrentsdr] borders,
bounds
vdrlden
[it
ddn]
grannland
neighbouring
[gran'lan^d]
country
mdktig [inek'tig^] powerful
^
greatest
[stoRJitsta]
[bojd'd']
hette [het'd^]
kdt]
Ryssland
storsta
(neut.)
[kom'oj'']
sade [sa'dd'']
ingen [%*a?i']
said
no
kom
come
\komi]
Tidrska [hsev'ska''] rule
samlade[sam'ladd''] assembled,
mustered,
gathered
grundlade
[grun'dladd'']
be-
hon'om^]
(4, 5,
and
7).
dtta hundra.
Lesson
24
frdn
from
[frohi\
gjorde
en ^a^
over us
ddrfbr [dser^foer] therefore
hdr [h%tr or heii^ here
2.
osf\
kdnna
did
[jco'jdd']
[e.'n
one day
datg\
[we] know
then.
[vi] [cn'a!'\
'
c? [dot]
Reading Exercise
3.
Rurik.
Pa 800
hette Rurik.
talet
Till
bodde
Sverige
som
en maktig hovding,
fran
fol-
ket
varlden.
vi
alia,
Ryssland.
Conversation.
Vem
Vad
Ryssland?
det
som han
rike,
grundlade?
Words.
man
[the]
being
the
mdnniskan
vdsen
\men'i-
(neut.) [vetsdn]
human Tnd'nniskokroppen
body
the head
[men'ifcokrop ^dn\
huvudet
[hia'vu-
d'9t]
the
the
the
the
the
the
trunk
hdlen [bo!hn]
ansiktet [an'sikHat]
forehead pannan pan'an']
ogonen p'gondn^]
eyes
face
ears
cheeks
oronen
[o'ronan'J
kindema [gin'ddr-
ndsan [ne'san^]
Idppaima [lep'ar-
ryggen
heart
hjdrtot. Jsed'tat']
liver
levern
mouth
munnen
hair
hdret
stomach
mag en \ma'gdn^]
sidoma [si'dcom a*]
annar [avmar^]
sides
arms
the beard
the neck
the teeth
skdgget U'egtdt]
halsen [haUsdn]
the tongue
the breast
tungan
tdndema
[ten'ddr-
ben
rygidn]
[I
eivdm]
[mun.'dn]
[hotrdt]
leg, legs
fingers
nail
fingrar [fivgrar']
the limbs
the chin
ledema [te'dama^]
hakan \ha'kan']
much
reasonable
[betri]
nagel [naigdt]
mgcket [mgk'dt^]
fomuftigf
[fcernufitikt]
consists of
na']
belong to
we hear
two
bestdr av [bdstoir]
tillh ora [til'h o'ra]
vi
hora
tvd
tre
[vit ho'ra']
[t}:oi]
[tuy'an^]
three
four
fyra
[brds.'tat]
five
fefin [/f???.*].
na*]
brostet
back
very,
713*]
the nose
the lips
the
the
the
the
the
the
the
[trei'^
[fy'ra'']
25
Declension of Substantives,
Translation Exercise 4.
Man.
a reasonable being. The human body consists
The different parts
of the head, the trunk and the limbs.
of the head are: the face, the forehead, the eyes, the ears,
the cheeks, the nose, the mouth, the teeth, the lips, the chin,
The tongue and the teeth are in
the beard and the neck.
The heart, the stomach the back and the ribs
the mouth.
(revhenen) belong to the trunk. The heart is in the breast.
The lungs and the liver are also in the breast. A man has
four limbs: two arms and two legs. We have two hands and
each hand has five fingers. Each finger has a nail.
Man
is
Third Lesson.
Declension of substantives.
1.
(bdjningar)
five declensions
1.
2.
3.
4.
questions:
whom?
2.
Note
faders, fathers
1.
noun the s
Ex.
what?
or
is
s
;
to the nominative.
skolors, of schools.
When
skolornas, of the
to
the
schools.
When
Note
2.
Ex.: en
Note
of the
The
is
3.
s of the genitive
left unaltered.
is
child's.
s in the genitive
indefinite article.
2Q
Lesson
Ex.
en jprins
or en
prins
First Declension.
I.
The
3.
nouns in
declension
comprises
feminine
all
-a.
The
4.
sion is formed
Ex.
5.
first
flicka, girl
flickor,
The terminal
girls.
Example.
6.
Indefinite
N.
G.
D.
A.
en
en
en
en
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular..
N. blomman, the flower
blomma, a flower
G. blommans, of the flower
blommas, of a flower
D. blomman, to the flower
blomma, to a flower
A. blomman, the flower.
blomma, a flower
Plural.
N.
blommor, flowers.
G. blommors, of flowers
D. blommor, to flowers
A. blommor, flowers
N.
blommoma,
G.
blommornas,
D. blommoma,
A. blommoi^na,
the flowers
of the flowers
to the flowers
the flowers.
Haya.
[ha'dd^], I
had
it had
we had
haden, you had
det hade,
VI hade,
Words.
sjdar
[fo'ar^]
mdngd
lakes
Vdnern
Malar en
[me'O-d]
mdrkvdrdigf
remarkable
[maer'kvse'rdikt]
Vattem
oar [0'ar']
isles,
water
klart
bottom
djup \jmtp]
imt [leti]
mdrkvdrdigaste
islands
tidn]
bottnen
quantity
[bottndn']
rorelse [ro'rdlsd^j
motion, movement
[mderkvcx'rdigastd]
\kla:.it\
most remarkable
clear
deep
easily
ganska
ka'
litet
[gan's- ever so
little
tillflode [til'Jio'dd]
tributary
tusen [tmtsdn]
thousand
dar
rivers
ndgra
some
countries
storre [stcerta]
greater,
smd'rre [smoer.'d]
ger
smaller
stream
[o'ar']
lander
[leniddr]
pa jorden
jo/dddn^]
[pot
li'tdt']
hio'gra''']
on earth
lar-
Declension of substantives.
quite, very
27
28
29
Declension of substantives.
Note.
article for
line
nouns
Examples.
4.
I.
Indefinite
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular.
N.
G.
D.
A.
en
en
en
en
gosse, a boy
gosses, of a boy (a boy's)
gosse, to a boy
gosse, a boy.
N.
G.
D.
A.
(the boy's)
Plural.
N. gossatme, the boys
N. gossar, boys
G. gossai'S, of boys
G.
(boys').
gossarnes,
boys')
D. gossar, to boys.
A. gossar, boys.
II.
Indefinite
N.
G.
D.
A.
en
en
en
en
Form.
Definite Form.
N. gdrden, the yard
G. gardens, of the yard
D. gdrden, to the yard
A. gdrden, the yard.
gdrd, a yard
gdrds, of a yard
gdrd, to a yard
gdrd, a yard.
Plural.
N.
N. gdrdar, yards
G. gdrdars, of yards
D. gdrdar, to yards
A. gdrdar, yards.
G.
D.
A.
Yara.
we were
voren you were
de voro they were.
Words.
Lappama
p'ama']
ansiktsfdrg
[la-
[the]
Laplan-
ders
[an'-
complexion
[hyk'sa)r^'\
trousers
coat
kolt [koUt]
vadmal [va'dmal] drugget(coarse
stuff)
renar
[re'nar']
skinn [fin']
pals [pd's]
[top'-
reindeer
skin
fur
peaked cap
mos'a]
hoskap
[hoj'ska^p] cattle
boskapsskotsel
siktsjagr'j]
hyxor
toppmossa
cattle
feeding
[bco'skapfofsdl]
hostdder
[ho)'-
dwelling
pla-
ces
ste^ddr]
trakt [traktt]
region
dkerhruk
husbandry
[o'kdr-
hrm'-k]
hjordar[ja)'jidar'-] herds
30
31
Declension of substantives.
spent
j faster [fasitdr]
I moster [mcos^tdr]
aunt
easter holi-
kusiner [kmsiindr]
pdskferier [pos'k-
days
garden
trddgdrd [tre'goUd]
cousins
fe'ridr]
grand fatherZ-^^-^r'!/*^^-^?;^
^
grand mother
-,
\morfar''[m(or:far]
armor ^ [far'mojr]
stays
\mormor^[ma>rima>r]
will
stories
cakes
sagor
[sa'gojr^]
kakof
[ka'kcor']
stannar
come
to
skola
us
grand
daughter
skoj'la le'ka^]
dottev
[sow
dotterdotter [dot'dv-
\
^
dot'ar]
French
franska
German
Swedish
tyska [tys'ka^']
svenska \svEn'ska^'\
teaches
Idr,
under vis ar
\ltr
sar
talar
speaks
[fran'ska^]
berdtta [bdrd'a]
to tell
to
dot'er]
till
8071']
(Son
[stan'ar']
komma
isonson [son'son^]
\dotterson
[dot'dr-
grand
tillhragte
{til'
brak^td]
several years j^ere dr [fie're'' otr]
plays
spelar [spe/lar^]
sjunger [fuy'dr']
sings
de gd [di! go']
they go
kind to me goda mot mig [gorda' mojtt mi'g]
baka
bake
dlska
my
my
min [mi'n]
mina [mi'na']
dnnu i livet, vid
(pi.)
still
alive
[el'ska']
[snui''
it
litvdt
liv
vitd
Wv]
un'ddrvi^-
[ba'ka']
like
beautifully
fdrtrdffligt
[for-
treffliktj.
if\
[ta'lar']
Translation Exercise 8.
The Family.
My
our
parents are
grammar
alive.
still
school.
He
My
teaches
father
is
a teacher in
modern languages;
he
side.
by the mother's
side.
32
Fifth Lesson.
III.
1.
masculine
the
1.
Third Declension.
n o u n s ending in
-ac?,
-nad^ -skap
and -ndr ;
the
2.
-else,
-het,
the
3;
in -an,
and
-en
-d,
-sfj
-t,
-ass,
ending
in
and -ur, which come from a foreign language and have the accent on the last syllable;
the neuter nouns which end in -eum and -ium
and are derived from Latin;
-ik^
-ion
5.
the
6.
a great
4.
in -eri;
number
of monosyllabic nouns of
each gender and with various terminations, such
as:
prdst (masc),
priest;
dam
er in
Note
1.
The words
plural ending.
Note
2.
in
into a.
-um
2.
a) in the singular:
-n for the feminine
tives
Declension of substantives.
3.
for the
-et
b) in the
neuter
33
substantives;
plural:
-mm
Examples.
4.
I.
Indefinite
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular.
N. en konstndr, an
G. en
konstndrs,
artist
of
an
artist
(an artist's)
artist
(the artist's)
D. en konstndr, to an artist
A. en konstndr, an artist
Plural.
N. konstndrer, artists
G. konstndrers, of artists
N. konstndrerna, the
D. konstndrer, to artists
A. konstndrer, artists.
artists
II.
Indefinite
Neuter Nouns.
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular.
N. ett spinneri, a spinning-mill
G. ett spinneris, of a spinning-
mill
D. ett spinneri,
mill
to
spinning-
D. spinneriet,
mill
N. spinnerier, spinning-mills
to
the
spinning-
mill
Plural.
N. spinneriema, the spinningmills.
G. spinneriers, of spinning-mills
G.
spinneriemas,
of the spin-
ning-mills
D. spinnerier, to spinning-mills
D.
spinneriema,
to
the
spin-
ning-mills
A. spinnerier^ spinning-mills.
A. spinneriema,
mills.
Words.
the spinning-
34
Lesson
eldstaden[el'dsta'- the
fire
ddn]
sovplatser [so'v- sleeping
place
pla-
food
den
the movings
Iflyt'niyama,']
[sa'kdr]
ackja
[ak'ja']
bat
medar
kol
things
ackja (a kind
of sledge)
boat
[bo.'t]
ime'dar^]
[go.'l]
torn [tomf]
da det b orjar
[do.^
bli[va] [bli'va^]
hosten [om!
[bcj']
[des'a'
dwell
these are
varigenom
madtkdn]
skaffa [skaf'a']
ej blott [eji blotf]
procure
not only
bear
runners
keel
bdra [be'ra']
spdnnas [spen'as']
are put to
rein
looks like
when
it
begins
dett b (Br'jar']
om
[skra'- scrape up
'rco']
clothes
dragareldra'gard'] beasts of bur-
saker
bo
dessa dro
kldder VkUiddv^
flyttningama
skrapa upp
pa' up']
ces
plat^Sdr]
foda [fo'da']
5.
to
in
become
autumn
hos'tdn]
to move
flytta ner [ne'r]
leva av [leva' a'v] live on
out of
ur [iii'r]
bred [bretd]
Idngs [l7j.'s]
rymmer
ndtt
broad
[rym.'dr]
ochjdmt
along
holds
[net' just
ok.' jm.'t]
down
dkande [okan'dd']
kor [Qd:r]
driver
drives
kallt [kalit]
cold.
Eeading Exercise
Lapparua
9.
(continued).
Da
Om
Conversation.
flytta lapparna om hosten?
Varav leva renarna?
Huruledes (pa vad satt) skrapa de upp renlav ur snon?
Vari bo lapparna?
Beskriv (Describe) lappamas bostader?
Vartill tjana renarna?
Vad kallas lappamas siadar?
Vart
Hum
ser en
ackja ut?
Declension of substantives.
35
Words.
dwelling pla- he7nvist[he7n'vis^t]
water
lilies
ndckrosor
ces
{nek'-
rcL>''sojr\
in the country
pa
cowslips
gullvivor [gul'vi'-
roses
rosor
dew-drops
daggdroppar
tulips
tulpaner
park
kulle [kul'd']
park [par!k]
orchard
frukttrddgdrd
we
ddt]
in
town
vcor]
staden[i' sta'ddn]
[dag'drop'ar]
frukttrdd [fruk'-
reside,
vi
apple-trees
dppeltrdd
like
eV'skar'-]
stands
det star [deit sto^r]
in the middle mitt i [mitt it}
it
[Qce,r'sh^rtr\
[ep'dl-
tre'\
pdrontrdd[pe'ron-
shady
skuggig [skug'ig']
plenty of
in front of
framfor
hlomstertrddgdrd
[blojm'stdrtre^gdrd]
basin
bassdng
gold fishes
guldfiskar[gul'd'
violets
violer
[bas7j']
among
swim
simma
beautiful
many
Jis'kar]
manga
[moy'a']
[framt-
for]
ibland [iblantd]
tre']
flower garden
[vi' bco^]
om)[ja'g
korshdrtrdd
pear-trees
bo
(dwell)
tre'\
cherry-trees
[tulpat-
ndr]
[fruktre^godd]
fruittrees
[rco'sojr]
other
[sim'a^]
skon, fager
faigdr]
[jo.'n,
manga andra
[moy^a' an'dra'].
[vico.'ldr]
We
flowers.
Sixth Lesson.
IV.
1.
1.
all
2.
all
Fourth Declension.
neuter nouns
neuter nouns
in -e;
kndn, knees.
3*
36
Lesson
6.
3.
to
the fourth
buckles.
spdnnen,
article is:
in the singfular.
Ex.: spdnnet, the buckle.
1.
-t
2.
-a in the plural.
Ex.: spdnnena, the buckles.
Example.
4.
Indefinite
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular.
N.
G.
D.
A.
N. riken, kingdoms
G. rikens, of kingdoms
D. riken, to kingdoms
A. riken, kingdoms.
Plural.
N. rikena, the kingdoms
G. rikenas, of the kingdoms
D. rikena, to the kingdoms
A. jHkena, the kingdoms.
Words.
Tyskland
[tys'k-
Germany
lan'd]
[mo'rco- of
Europas
Europe
vetenskapsman
men
of science
[ve'tdnskapsme^n\
konstndrej^lkon'st- artists
nerdr^]
pas^]
fastland
[fas't-
continent
lan^d]
sidan [si'dan']
hav [ha.^v]
Nordsjon
the side
sea
[nco'rd- the North Sea
endast
\endas''t]
sar^]
sluttar [slut'ar']
Idngsamt
fo'n]
sluttningarna
the slopes
rivers
Jioder [Jioj'ddr]
strdnder [stren.'- banks
ddr]
{J'enihet]
tyskama
[tys'-
beauty
the
Germans
karna']
folkmdngd [fol'k-
population
slopes
slowly
sam't]
emco.'t]
utfor [uittfor']
rinna frm'a']
down
flow
learned [men]
Idrde [Ix'rdd'^]
flow
flyta [flyta'l
beromda [bdrom'- renowned
da']
mey'd]
miljoner
[lon^g-
[slut'niyama^]
skonhet
only
north
norra [nor'a^]
grdnsar till [gren'- borders upon
[miVjoji- millions
oivdr]
vacker
ridr]
art
konst lkon!st]
vdrlden [vae'jddn^] the world
skolor
{skoylcjr^]
intager
[in'ta''gdr\ occupies
uppgdr
\vak.'dr]
till
[up'-
beautiful
comes up
gor' til!]
std [sto!]
stand
hogt
[on
(adv.) [hok!t]
schools
a]
[level]
samt
[sairu't]
to
high
37
Declension of Substantives.
Reading Exercise
11.
Tyskland.
Tyskland intager mitten av Europas fastland. Endast
pa norra sidan gransar det till hav Ostersjon och Nordsjon.
Landet sluttar langsamt mot havet och utfor sluttningarna
rinna manga stora floder. Till Ostersjon flyta Weichsel och
Oder, till Nordsjon Elbe och Rhen. Storst av dessa ar Rhen;
dess strander aro mycket beromda for sin skonhet och tyskarna aro mycket stolta over denna sin (their) vackra flod.
Tyskland ar ej sa mycket storre an Sverige, men dess folkmangd
uppgar till over 60 miljoner. Vetenskap och konst sta i hela
Tyskland mycket hogt; intet land i varlden har sa manga
skolor av alia slag samt sa manga vetenskapsman, larde och
:
konstnarer.
Conversation.
Ar Tyskland
ett stort
land?
Words.
on the ground
sitting
nedre
botten
floor
rooms
pa
dining room
study
matsal [ma'tsal^]
kitchen
on the
kok
floor
(neut.) [ge.'k]
en trappa
upp
dal [daU]
inthe morning pa
[tvo.^ trap'cor''
upp
will
be over
in (within)
three
inom
weeks
windows
[m't jetnomfontstrdn]
va'ra''
veckor
tre'
ve-
k-cor']
to breathe
andas [an'das']
the fresh air frisk luft [fris'.k
up']
utgenomfonstren
tre
[inom'
luftt]
alltid,
[vin'dskam'ard]
out at (of) the
morgonen [po!
fcerbH]
vindskammare
attics
[so'vrum']
mor'on^dn]
[ent
sovrum
valley
studerkammare
[stm'ddrkam^ard]
first
bed rooms
ti'd,
pleasant
loft
stddse
[al'-
ste'dsd']
trevligt [tre'vlig't]
loft [loft].
On
room,
38
Lesson
On
7.
first
rooms.
I should like to dwell always in the counso pleasant to breathe the fresh air in the morholidays will be over in three weeks and we shall
verdant valley.
It
try.
is
The
town
ning.
move
to
again.
Seventh Lesson.
V.
The
1.
a) all
fifth
declension includes:
masculine nouns
1.
in -are;
2.
in -ande;
b) the names of
substantives in -er;
c) all
Fifth Declension.
peoples and
neuter nouns
the
foreign
ending in a
(loan)
consonant.
main
The substantives
2.
in the plural.
Ex.: barn, child and children.
The
3.
declensions is:
1.
unchanged
a) for masculine
-n in the singular.
for this
nouns
b) for
ending in
-e
drop
it
neuter nouns
in the singular.
1.
-et
2.
39
Declension of substantives.
Examples.
4.
I.
Masculine Nouns.
Definite Form.
Singular.
N. Idraren, the teacher
N. en Idrare, a teacher
G. Idrarens, of the teacher
G. en IdrareSy of a teacher (a
Indefinite
D. en
A. en
Form.
(the
teacher's)
teacher's)
Idrare, to a teacher
Idrare, a teacher.
Plural.
N. Idrarne, the teachers
N. Idrare, teachers
G. Idrares, of teachers
G.
teachers')
Idrarne, to the teachers
D.
A. Idrarne, the teachers.
D. Idrare, to teachers
A. Idrare, teachers.
II.
Indefinite
Idrames,
Neuter Nouns.
Form.
Definite
Form.
Singular.
N. hordet, the table
G. hordets, of the table
D. hordet, to the table
A. hordet, the table.
Plural.
N.
G.
D.
A.
N.
G.
D.
A.
hord, tables
hords, of tables
hord, to tables
hord, tables.
Words.
fjdllen
[fjel'dn'']
driver
[dri'vcor']
the mountains
drifts
dret [o.'rdt]
tdcke [tek'd']
the year
cover [coat]
the top
toppen [tDp!dn]
snogrdnsen [sno'- the limit of
snows
gren'sdn]
dalar \da'lar''^
fordjupningar
vales
depressions
[fcerjm'pni7)ar'']
[hran'- the steeps
hranterna
tdma^]
tryoket [tryktdt]
samman
is
compressed
i.^s]
[i'sma-
[ne'dan'- underneath
fcer]
become
hliva [hli'va']
nedanfor
uppstd [up'sto^]
hogre [hotgrd]
hinner [hin'dv']
fidlstdndigt [ful'-
[jo'klar^]
arise
higher
succeed
fully
meVta]
utan
{m'tan'^
but
remain
li'ga]
om [otvdt omt]
into ice
through the
year
bulks of ice
evig
[e'vig'']
eternal, ever-
glaciers
som
[som.']
lasting
as
sojr']
joklar
glaciers
lar^ si!g]
dret
[prss'as^ sam'an^]
ismassor
samlar
kvarligga [kvair-
mascor']
till is [tiU
[gla-
s'ie'r&r]
sten^dikt]
the pressure
glacidrer
40
Lesson
it
sdsom
like
[so'som^]
is
called
7.
sages
nd over
na
sammanhdngande hanging
[sam'anhey'andd]
over hela [o.'vdr over the whole
sddant [sotdant]
i}^ ^^ h^yoiiiA
Ino"]
\no.\
to reach
above
most
mesta [mes'ta^^
i trdnga [zV fro?;'a'] in narrow
lidT
sd
he'la']
said
is
[se'gds'']
such
Sjisetr]
starkt
[sot-
[t]here
so strong
startkt]
Reading Exercise
13.
Fjallen.
Pa de hogre
att
snon
hinner
ej
man
Conversation.
Ar
det kallt
pa de hogre
fjallen?
newspapers
tidningar
sofa
ceiling
chandelier
every corner
varje horn
arm-chairs
soffa [sof-a']
Idnstolar [hn'-
krco'na]
stcj'l]
chairs
stolar
foot-stools
pallar [palar^]
vdggai^na [veg'ar-
the walls
[stco'lar^]
?ia']
papers
on the floor
tapetei^ [tapet'dr']
plants
vases
flowers
hung with
represent
illustrated
painters
niyar']
mdlare [mo/'ara'j
landscapes
landskap
bloom
books
rosenrod
[roj'sdn-
tapetserade
[tap'dt-
framstdlla [fram'stel'a]
illustrerade
[iVii-
stre'radd']
ka^p]
[h(oird]
sdllsynt [ssl.synH]
bocker [boktdr]
[hloj-
se'radd^]
mdlningar [moV-
hord
{vek'stdr"'\
[va'sdr^]
hlommor
ro'd]
pictures
[lan'ds-
vdxter
vaser
ni'ojr^]
rosy
Vdt]
[var'ja''
hcerhi]
mattor [mat'cor^]
carpets
the pianoforte pianot [matnojt]
the door
dorren [doRrtdn]
the window fdnstret[fontstrdt]
table
rare
[tid-
blomstra
[blojm'stra']
[emel'an^]
between
emellan
exotic
exotisk [iksojitisk]
porslin [porslitn].
china
41
six chairs
Eighth Lesson.
Irregularities in the formation of the plural
of nouns.
it
First declension.
1.
1.
such as
victuals
anor, ancestors
matvaror,
bannor, chiding
indlvor, bowels
dthavor etc., manners, gestures.
flavor, estate.
Some compound substantives which have preserved their ancient form of genitive in -o and -u;
such as:
2.
mdnniskokdrlek, philanthropy.
mdnniskodtare, man-eater
salupris, sale-price
salutorg, market
varumdrke, trade-mark
varulager etc., warehouse.
in a as well
ending in -e they are declined according to the second declension in the singular but follow
the first declension in the plural.
3.
as in
When
-e.
Ex.:
Note.
1.
2.
skugga
When
skuggen,
Second declension.
of the final
42
Lesson
sommar, summer
somrav, summers
aftnar^ evenings
morgnar, mornings
djdvlar, devils.
afton, evening
morgon, morning
djdvul, devil
2.
Two
8.
moder, mother
ddttrm%
dotter, daughter
daughters,
The
hjdrter, hearts
ruter, diamonds
4.
Some nouns that end in -e as well as in -a in
the singular, thus belonging to the first and the second
declensions, but in the plural they are declined according to the second declension.
Ex.:
timme
or
the
timmar
hour,
but
in the plural.
Such are:
ande, breath; droppe, drop; make, husband; mane, moon;
tanke, thought etc.
Third declension.
1.
Several masculine and feminine nouns modify
the root-vowel and most of them double the final con
3.
fotter,
rot, root
rotter, roots.
feet
son, son
soner, sons
bot, fine
boter, fines.
root-vowel,
the plural:
bokstav,
letter
stad, town
natt, night
fader, father
3.
w,
final
bokstdver, letters
stdder, towns
ndtter, nights
fdder,
fathers.
and a form
their plural
by adding
stadga, statute
stadgar, statutes
mor, maidens
ko, cow
so, sow
^-''{
kor, cows
sor, sows
in -a,
-r.
mo, maiden
'^-^{hf4ewife
consonant in
hir/ewives
-e,
-o,
43
rd, yard
rdr, yards
sld, rod
td, toe
sldr, rods
tdr^ toes
sko, shoe
skor, shoes
vallmo, poppy
bonde, countryman
vallmor^, poppies
bonder, countrymen
fiende, enemy
bo, inhabitant
fiender, enemies
bor^, inhabitants
frdnde,
Note.
The
relative
foreign nouns
frdnder,
-e and
in
relatives.
-i
re-
gularly.
Ex.:
4.
1.
2.
teori,
theory; teorier,
qvaliteer, qualities.
theories;
qvalite,
quality;
plural endings:
4.
man
(soldiers), ten
thousand men.
Fourth declension.
1.
To this declension belong six nouns which are
declined in the plural according to the third and fourth
declensions; viz.:
drenden or drender, business
drende, business
fdngelsen
fdngelse, prison
brdde, board
brdden
tdckelse, covering
ode, ode
regemente, regiment
2.
The word:
or fdngelser, prisons
brdder, boards
tdckelsen or tdckelser, coverings
oden or oder, odes
regementen or regementer, regiments.
or
oga, eye,
and om,
ear,
have an
irre-
gular plural.
Ex.: ogon, eyes; oron, ears.
5.
Fifth declension.
2. The word:
finger, finger, is both neuter and
masculine and takes the following endings when used
with the definite article in the plural: fingren or fingrarne.
^
Or vallmoblommor.
bor parishioners etc.
Only
in
44
Lesson
8.
Words,
korsfarare
[kod's- .crusaders
fa'rara]
finnarna [ jin'ar-
the Fins
hedningar
heathens
[he'd-
hyste [hys'td']
agg
till
had
(a
spite
against)
ma'nadd]
[the] baptism
dopet [doj.'pdt]
Jm^an [h-ran']
[the] doctrine
Finland
Finland [/in'lan'd]
biskop
[bis'kop'']
Kristendomen
bishop
apostel [aposttdl]
ny.'
agg
omvand
to let
to christen
[do'pa']
de vdgrade
[de'
they refused
besegrade
[ba-
vanquished
se'gra'dd]
apostle
[en' a
catechumen
compelled
tvang [tvay']
mottaga [mort-ta'- to receive
om'ven'd]
kristen [krns'tan'] christian
dtervdnde [o'tdr- came back
spite
[ag-]
kvarldmnade
left
[kva'TUm^nade^
kallad [blr- was called
blivit
vit''
dopa
ve'gra'dd]
Christianity
[kris't9ndoj^m9n]
en ny
lata [lota']
kal'ad']
[an'gri'-
angripa
pa]
ven'dd]
to attack
mordades
da'dds]
Reading Exercise
15.
Erik samlade
angrep han dem med sin har, besegrade dem och tvang dem
De visste likval icke mycket om den
att mottaga dopet.
kristna laran.
Da Erik atervande till Sverige, kvarlamnade
han darfor biskop Henrik, som dar predikade kristendomen
och darfor blivit kallad Finnlands Apostel. Biskopen mordades dock snart av en ny omvSnd finne, som hyste agg till
honom.
Conversation.
at lata
dopa sig?
45
Words.
book-case
bokskdp
(neut.)
typewriter
skrivmaskin
the use
begagnandet
[skri'vmafi^n]
[boj'ksko^p]
works
verk
writers
skriftstdllare
[vwr.'k]
[skrif'tstel'ard]
skalder [skalddr']
poets
.
^
volumes
band
[ba,n!d]
lagbocker
[la'g-
bok^dr]
sakforare
lawyer
ett
steel
[kas'asko'p]
stdl [stoil]
bills
vdrdepapper
money
penningat^ [pe-
skrivbord
writing-table
jewels
family
simple
elegant
juveler [jmveUdr]
familj [jmniUj]
green cloth
gront kldde[gr0nH
kh.dd^]
ma- iskrivmaterialier
terials
[
stationery
[skri'mnat^eriailidr]
inkstands
bldckhorn
ink
hco^m]
black [bhk!]
portfolj [podtfoHj]
blotter
rulers
[blek'-
linjalej' [linjaildr\
{pldnpapper[plo'npap^dr]
\l(iskpapper
V
pap^dr]
blotting-
paper
iriyar^]
[skri'v-
boj'rd]
\les'k-
kassaskdp
[v^'rddpap'dr]
[sa'k-
fo'rard]
writing
prS^]
a safe
[polymer [voly-mdv^]
codes (laws)
\bd-
ga7)'nan''ddt]
enkel [eyjkdl]
elegant [e'legayit]
nodvdndig
necessary
[no'd-
ven'dig]
writing-paper skrivpapper
[skri'vpap'dr]
post-paper
brevpapper [bre'v-
pap'dv]
penholders
pennskaft
pencils
kaft]
blyertspennor
pen's-
full
of
uppfylld
med [yp-
jyVd me!d]
red
black
rod
now a days
nu for
[ro'd]
svart
[sva'ji't]
tiden [nm:-
fo.'r trddn']
[bly'drtspen'cor]
letter-weigner brevvdg [bre'vvotg]
[myk'df spridf]
preserves
forvarar [foe'rvarar''].
My
ruler,
father's
study
blotting-paper,
a letter-weigher.
is
On
46
Lesson
9.
Here is
the use of typewriters is much spread.
the copying-press. The safe is in the corner; it is made all
of steel. My father preserves in it all sorts of bills, money
and the family jewels.
Nowadays
Ninth Lesson.
The gender
I.
of substantives.
Masculine.
Masculine are:
men
a) All appellations of
and
male animals.
b)
forests.
The names
Ex.:
c)
of the seasons,
2.
mdnad, month;
skillnad, difference.
3. -are.
-dom.
5.
-e
6.
-el
7.
-er
(Plural -ar).
Ex.: gosse, boy.
(Plural -ar),
Ex.: axel^ axe.
(Plural -ar or
-er),
9.
-ling.
Ex.:
taming,
die.
10. -lek.
Ex.: kdrlek, love.
11. 'ndr.
Ex.: konstndr,
Saturday.
in:
1.
Ex.:
months,
artist.
days and
The gender of
47
substantives.
Except:
1.
The
ending in -hud
titles
neuter.
Ex.: sdndebud, ambassador; statsrdd, minister.
2.
3.
4.
The words:
Feminine.
II.
Feminine are:
a) All female
Ex. flicka,
:
hona, hen.
The names
of
The substantives
in
1.
-a (Plural -or),
2.
3.
-d,
Ex.:
4.
-st
(mostly abstract).
mdngd, great deal of; avsikt,
-else.
(mostly abstract).
'ing (abstract
-sel
(mostly abstract).
Ex.: horsel, hearing.
8.
-^,
-ik^
Ex.:
-ion
teori,
temperatur,
tem-
Except:
1.
The words:
tree
blast,
brand, fire; pil, willow; apel^ applegale (strong wind) jdst^ yeast tingest^
;
48
Lesson
9.
hdktelse^
2.
sto,
lady;
kvinnfolk,
women;
water-willow
vide,
fdng-
prison;
spokelse,
III.
Neuter.
Neuter are:
a) The names of towns, countries, the letters of
the alphabet and generally the words used substantively; such as ett ja, a yes:
Ex.: Frankrike, France;
b)
1.
The nouns
-a (Plural -n)
ett b,
a b.
in:
and nouns
in -a
and Latin.
2.
Ex.
lakan, sheet.
3.
4.
-e
(Plural -n).
Ex.: spdnne, buckle.
5.
-el
and
Ex.
-er
(unchanged in the
plural).
galler, railing.
6.
-m.
7.
-on.
Ex.: smultron, strawberry.
8.
9.
a house.
Except:
The words: morgon, morning, and
which are masculine.
afton, evening,
The gender
49
of substantives.
Words.
nordens
[in] of the
[nco'r-
North
ddn's]
kvinnoi^[kvin'cor'] women
[dro- dreams
fruk'tig]
tyckte sig [tyk'td' thought
drommar
si!g]
Idt
visions
written
syner [s^'nar']
angels
dnglar [eiflar^]
Kristus [kris'tus''] Christ
uppenbarat[up'dn- revealed
rykte [ryk'td']
dlderdom
up'tek^na]
ba'rat]
renown,repute
sUg]
vida omkring
dcom^]
Rom
Rome
[rojhn]
pdven
the pope
[po'vd7i']
sitg]
sedermera
[h dgti'dlighe^tdr]
iiunnekloster
[nun'dklDs'tdr]
monastery
nuns
kloster [khsttdr]
monastery
avled
died
at the age
[a'vle^d]
dr gammal[otr
gam'ar]
70^
pa
of
of 70
deti tiden [po! at that time
den! ti'ddn^]
den heliga [deni
around
festivities
hogtidligheter
all
omkriy^
[vi'da''
[se'dar- hereafter
me'ra]
bosatt [bco'saf]
settled
slutligen
at last
[sluc't-
ligdn^]
vallfdrdade
fm'rdadd
[val'-
went on a pilgrimage
ddrefter[dEtTeftdr\ afterwards
the holy
for!
he'lig'a]
hel'gon'].
sam,tala[sam'ta^la] to converse
Reading Exercise
Den heliga
17.
Birgitta.
Av vem
sjuttio
70.
50
Lesson
9.
W ords.
the dining
matsalen[ma'tsa^-
room
apartment
members
of
the family
jdn's]
meals
[fru-
k'ostdn'']
dinner
supper
walnuttree
^[e-ta'
tea
coffee
te [tef]
cakes
sandwiches
kaffe [kafd^]
kakor {ka'kojr'']
smorgdsar
[sm(Er'gosar'-'\
cold
meat
forsamla
[kvel'svaUddn]
valnotstrd
[va'l-
square
fyrkantigt
vitt
[hco'rd-
plates
tallrikar
glasses
wine bottles
glas [glais]
vinhuteljer [vi'nhmtEVj]
vattenkaraffiner
intaga [inta'ga']
is laid
ar
[pi'gan']
dukad
[aetr
she puts
at 8 o'clock
Idgger [Ug'dr^]
klockan 8^
dar' bco'rddf]
[tal'ri-
[khk'an^]
inthemorningpa morgonen
[movgon'dn]
in the evening_p
aftonen
[vat'9nkaraf'indr]
spoons
[fy'r-
dui'kad']
kar']
forks
viin]
sig [for-
to take
[fa.'t]
knivar
gafflar
skedar
[vW
kan''tigt]
fat
knives
vin
sam'la^]
linne [/m"9']
pigan
[vzV
drik'a^]
kvdllsvarden
bord-duk
dm^k]
tili
dricka
red wine
white wine
assemble
vio^lti-
linen
the maid
dishes
decanters
[fruk'ostetra]
vi
not'stre]
table cloth
we drink
middags mdltiden
[mid'ags
ddn]
[the]
[mo'lti^-
ddr]
[the] breakfast/ri^^'os^en
[the]
ifrukostera
we breakfasti
[me'd-
lem^ar]
mdltider
[sa^rve-
t'dr]
]medlemmar
I
[the]
servetter
napkins
Idiil
[aj^to-ndti^]
p.
m.
e.m.{eftermiddag)
[ef'tdr' mid'ag']
we
eat
vi dta
[vii
'ta%
The dining-room is an apartment in which all the members of the family assemble to take their meals: breakfast,
A square table of walnuttree
luncheon, tea and dinner.
stands in the middle of the dining room with twelve chairs
around. The table is laid wdth a white table cloth made of
very fine linen. When the maid lays the cloth she puts on
the table dishes, plates, glasses, wine bottles, decanters, kniWe breakfast at 8 o'clock
ves, forks, spoons and napkins.
in the morning and lunch a 1 p. m. At 5 o'clock we drink
In the
tea or coffee and eat some cakes or sandwiches.
evening we eat cold meat and drink red or white wine.
dtta.
51
Tenth Lesson.
Remarks on the nouns.
Gender of compound nouns.
I.
posthus
II.
the
post
(f)
and hus
(n)].
The female
2.
to
(n) [from
appellations
animals and
titles),
-erska (profession),
-a,
-iska
-ska^
grevinna, countess
furstinna, princess
hertig, duke
hertiginna, duchess
varg, he-wolf
varginna, she-wolf
lejon, lion
lejoninna, lioness
dsna, ass
kock, cook
dsninna, she-ass
kokerska, cook
slaktarhustru (fru),
slaktare, butcher
butcher's
wife
German
tysk,
svensk, Swede
spanior, Spaniard
man
kines, Chinese
kinesiska, Chinese (lady) woman.
Note. Names of peoples ending in imam) change this syllable
into -ska.
Ex.: Norronan, Norwegian; Norska, Norwegian (lady)
woman.
3.
fader, father
moder, mother
son, son
dotter, daughter
syster, sister
flicka, girl
fru, lady
broder, brother
gosse, boy
herr, gentleman
morbror'^, uncle
faster^, aunt
moster^, aunt
man, man
kvinna, woman
systerson^, nephew
farbror^, uncle
brorson^, nephew
^
By
^
the father's side.
By the mother's side.
*
By the brother's side.
sister's side.
By
4*
the
52
Lesson
Double gender.
III.
Double plural.
4.
and
10.
meaning:
Masculine.
hdl, trunk
Neuter,
hdlar, trunks
hdl, funeral-pile
hdl^
funeral-pi-
les
lofty
fjdll, scale
fjdll^ scales
grund, shoal
grund, shoals
lock, lid
ZocA:, lids
mountains
tain
grund, motive
grunder, motives
lockar,
locks
curls,
Feminine,
not, walnut
rev, fishing-line
Neuter.
notter, walnuts
revar,
fishing-
not, cattle
rev, reef
not, cattle
rev, reefs.
lines.
Masculine,
bal, ball
baler, balls
bank, sandbank bankar, sand-
banks
borsar, purses
bors, purse
mask, worm
gdngar, paths
maskar, worms
torsk, cod-fish
^or.s^*a7',
path
^a72.gr,
cod-fis-
bal, bale
5<2Zr, bales
bank, bank
banker,
6ors,Exchange
(building)
^??^, time
mask, mask
masker, masks
^orsZ:, thrush
banks
(no plural)
hes
vals, cylinder
valsar,
ders
bok, book
bocker, books
cylin-
vals, waltz
valser, waltzes,
Feminine,
&o^',
beech-tree
bokar,
beech-
trees
wo^, drag-net
r%,
scales
notar, drag-nets
vdgar, scales
??of,
note
noter, notes
vdgor, waves.
v^, wave
>Vor(ls.
fisket [fis'kdt^]
[the]
fishery,
fishing
Bohusldn
[bo)'-
Bohusliin
htasle'n]
landskapen
shires
Uan'dska'pdn]
fiskamci
\fis'-
the fishers
kama']
fiskldgen [Jls'kU- fishing places
gdn]
byar
\by'ar'']
Jdippor [klip'ojr^]
trdd [tretd]
jord
[jco.'ud]
stdllningar
[stel'-
niyar']
ndteu [nctdn^]
storfiske [stoj'r-
stands
nets
great fishery
jislco]
Idnga [loya^]
veckor [vek'cor^]
ling
torsk [tortsk]
cod
weeks
trees
flun''dra]
[kus'tdn^] shore
sillfiske [sil'Jis^k9\ herring-fishery
sillen [sil'dn']
herrig
land,earth,soil
invid [invHd]
villages
clifi"s
kusfen
on
Eemarks on
nakna
abundant
rikt [riktt]
rich,
utomor dentil gt
extraordinari-
almost
[nes'taii^]
like
[li'ksom'']
aUmdnhet [iV al- generally
western
southern
fdnga
most
idkas [idkas']
to
go
olika
da ...an [etn
often
inklamdalinkUm' - compressed
to catch
[foya']
oft a [of'ta^]
[oj'lika']
. .
they give
themselves to
various
etn\ now ... now
da']
vun'dn^]
amongst
[blan.'d\
arable
somUga[sDm'Uga'] some
borta {bod'ta']
away
bland
naked barren
overallt[0'V9rart] everywhere
to dry
torka [torka']
far a [fa'ra']
men'he^t]
vdstra [ves'tra']
sodra [so dra']
mest [mes.'t]
[oj'd-
liy'sbar]
ndsfan
liksom
I
[na'kna^]
odlingsbar
ly
[la'tomod'denHlikt]
53
the nouns.
Reading Exercise
Fisket
19.
Sverige.
I Bohuslan, liksom i allmanhet i vastra och sodra landskapen, bo fiskarna mest i fiskelagen. Dessa aro byar, liggande vid stranden, ofta inklamda bland nakna klippor utan
Overallt ser man stallningar
trad och utan odlingsbar jord.
sommaren fara somfor naten eller att torka fisk pa.
i
Om
fiundra
o.
s.
v.
(och sa vidare).^)
Om
kusten
Sillfisket
Conversation.
I vilket
om sommaren?
Vad for fiskar fangar man i Nordsjon?
Nar idkas sillfisket?
Har sillfisket alltid lika givande?
Vart fara fiskarna
Words.
domestic husdjuren
animals
jm'rdn]
[the]
the dog
friend
the bitch
hunden
[hm's-
Uiun'ddn]
van [v.'n]
hyndan Uiywdan']
hu7idar [hun'dar^]
dogs
the watch-dog gdrdvaren [go.cdva'rdn]
^
far away.
Idngt ut
and so forth
etc.
the hound
jakthunden
[jak't-
hun'ddu]
the shepherd's/ar^wncZe/*
dog
the hunter
the game
[fo'r-
hun'ddn]
jdgaren
[je'garan']
villebrddet
[vil'd-
bro'ddt]
the flock
hjorden [jcoUddn]
54
the horses
Lesson
hdstarna
[hes'tar-
na']
the mar(
stona [stoj'na'^
the ass
dsnan [o-sna^]
[oin the meadow p
cincjen [jpot
7)'9n'']
the she-ass
dsninnan
\os-
7iin'an'']
the cat
katten
tuppen
ycat'dii^]
[tup'dn']
[ho'nojv-
honorna
na']
folet [f0'l9f]
kon
[kco'ii]
mjolk [mjol'k]
figg
bg^
fdret
ull
[;fo'rdf]
[uli]
oxen [ojk'sdii^]
vagnen [vay'iidn^]
plogen [plco'gdn']
tjuren [cm'rdn']
kalven (kal'vdn'']
geten [je'tdn]
11,
The
55
auxiliary verbs.
Infinitive.
JETava,
to have.
Participle present.
Supine.
havande, having.
haft, had.
Indicative.
Sul)junctive.
Present.
jag har
du har
han har
VI
hava
jag (have)
S.
or
md
hava
>M
(ha)
I haven
(han)
de hava (ha)
md hava
man hava
md hava
Imperfect.
jag hade
du hade
han hade
P. vi hade
I haden
de hade
S.
S.
bO
OS
Perfect.
S.
P.
S.
jag (have)
or
md
hava haft
P. vi
(have) or
I (haven)
de hava haft
de (have)
or
or
md
hava haft
e8'
man hava
md
haft
hava haft
Pluperfect,
^
S.
P.
S,
jag (hade)
Or matte.
haft
haft
haft
haft
haft
Conditional.
S.
11
*^
han
hava
hava
I skullen hava
de skulle hava
skulle
P. vi skulle
Future past.
S.
hava haft
Future.
jag skall hava
du skall hava
han skall hava
vi skola hava
I skolen hava
de skola hava
or skulle^
du
2-^
Conditional past.
S.
J
P.
o a
56
Lesson
11.
Infinitive.
Impcratiye.
hav, have (thou)
Idt orri OSS hava (havom),
let us have
haven (haver), have (ye)
Note
Note
it
1.
Perf.
hava
hava
Int.
skola hava,
Pres.
or lia^ to have
haft, to have had
to be about to
have.
are antiquated.
Infinitive.
vara,
to be.
Supine.
Participle present.
varit, been.
varande, being.
Indicative.
Sul)jnnctive.
Present.
b.
P.
S.
jag ar
du ar
han dr
vi dro
I dren
de dro
S.
(vare) or
md
vara
du (vare) or md vara
han (vare) or md vara
P.
vi (vare) or
(var en) or
de (vare) vr
md
vara
vara
md vara
mdn
Imperject.
S. jag vore or skulle vara
du vore or skulle vara
han vore or skulle vara
P. vi vore or skulle vara
I voren or skullen vara
de vore or skulle vara
jag var
du var
han var
P. vi
jag
voro
1 voren
de voro
S_
"
Perfect.
S.
S.
du hade varit
han hade varit
P.ti
hade varit
I haden
varit
de hade darit
^
Or matte.
Pluperfect.
S.jag (hade) or skulle^ hava
du (hade) or skulle hava
han (hade) or skulle hava
P.ri (hade) or skulle hava
I (haden) or skullen hava
de (hade) or skulle hava
varit
varit
varit
varit
varit
varit
s s
rt
e3
The
Future.
auxiliary verbs.
57
58
Lesson
hortford
[hoji't-
under [un!ddr]
horde [h(\idd']
tola
taken away
during
heard
dmnade [em'nadd^]
foretaga [fo'rd-
11.
kdnde [gen'dd^
felt
oemotstdndlig
irresistible
[ox em ojtston'dlig]
forklddd [fo'r- disguised
kUd']
trdffade \tref'add^] met,
over
came
across
intended
redan
undertak(ing)
smog
ta^ga]
[re'dan']
sig
already
[smo^g slipped.
si-g]
Reading Exercise
21.
tala
om?
Words.
kitchen-gar-
den
wall
the gardener
seeds
kokstrddgdrd
vegetables
gronsaker [gro'n-
radishes
love-apples'
rddisor [re'di^sojr]
spenat [spena.'t]
kdrleksdpplen
asparagus
sparris [spar
sa'kdr]
[gok'strwD^jid]
vdgg [vegf]
trddgdrdsmdstaren [frrgojdmes'tard]
[fro^n]
fron
spinage
[ga?'rlefcsep^h7i]
The
59
adjective.
tomatoes
spaden
hackan
[spa'ddn^]
[hak'an^]
rdfsan [ref'san^]
omgiven [om'ji''vd7i\
sdtt
seg
[sott]
[seig]
mjuk
[mjuifk]
hdlsosam [heVsMsamy\
mogen
[moj'gdn^]
flytta Cflyt'a']
det dr tid [deit etr
ti'd]
utrotar
[m'tr cot-
tar].
60
Lesson 12.
A.
Indefinite Form.
A common
in the singular
alteration.
b)
Note.
Participles in
of -a.
Examples.
Masculine.
Sing, en god gosse
en god fiicka
ett
Plur.
goda
goda ham.
goda
Note
-t in
Feminine.
gossar.
The
1.
adjectives
Neuter.
fiickor.
gott
ham
the neuter.
Note
-t
Note
Those ending in
4.
Ex.:
preceded by a consonant or in
etc.
-al,
-I,
-en, -el,
-n, -r.
Ex.: hlind
mild
aktad
Note
-tt in
6.
-tt
hlint
milt
aktat.
Those ending
as well
in -d preceded
by a vowel change d
in
fhe neuter.
B.
Definite Form.
The
definite or
(fristaende artikel):
The
61
adjective.
Examples.
Plural,
Singular.
goda
NB.
de
de
de
harnet.
goda gossarne
goda fiickorna
goda barnen.
is
of
Use
C.
of the
modes of
inflections.
The
Without
1.
Ex.
article or predicatively.
2.
is
good.
article.
Ex.: en
3.
4.
weak
Lesson
62
1.
12.
terminal definite
ar-
ticle.
Ex.:
NB.
independent definite
2.
3.
Remarks.
Some
a)
b)
all
they take an
cases;
in the
genitive
in
when used
substantives.
as
Ex.
but:
Words.
dmnen
[em'ndn'']
inre [in.^rd]
herget [hserjtdt]
meter [mettdr]
gruvor [grui'vcor^']
at alia sidor
[^oit
al'd^ si'dojr'']
gdngar
rum
[goyar'']
[rumf\
nedgdngen
[ne'd-
goy'dn]
oppning
[op'niy']
brunn
[brunf]
stegar
[ste'gar^]
korgar [kor'jar^]
tunnor [tun'ojr^]
pd dagen [po!
da'gdn^]
lampor [lam'pojr^]
bloss [blosf]
upplyste
[up'-
lys^td]
nyttiga [nyt'iga^]
The
63
adjective.
For
att
jordens inre
mider
Dessa
mangd gangar och rum. Dar nere kunna ofta flera hundra
manniskor arbeta. Nedgangen till en gruva utgor vanligen
blott en smal oppning, som ser ut som en brunn man stiger
ner pa branta stegar eller hissas utfor i korgar eller tunnor.
I sjalva gruvan skuUe vara kolmorkt aven pa dagen, om man
ej upplyste den med lampor eller bloss.
hel
Conversation.
fatt
jorden [jutrddn]
a ball
ett
Mot
[eti klojtt]
the Isthmus
the bays
havsvikama
the peninsula
halvon
round
rund
moves
infinite
fictitious
finger ad[Ji7)jeiraa\
aUdt]
the equator
line
hemisphere
ekvatorn
[ekva'-
linje [Unijd]
[linih
Hot [Jial'vJialvklot
kWt]
quarters
fjdrdedelar[fjss'jiddde'lar]
surface
yta [yta']
oceans
oceaner[Q)' seaindr]
the m2im-\2inAfastlandt [fas-tlan'ddt]
the continents kontinenterna
[hav'svi'karna]
similar
divides
plains,
low-
landstrdckor
[lan'dstrEk^ojr]
Idgland [lo'glan'd]
land
streams
strommar
volcano
vulkan [vulka'n]
southern
northern
slat
wide
vidstrdckt
sund
vdg
[sun'd]
[v!g]
[sh.^t]
[vi'd-
strek^t]
spitting fire
leads
in the year
eldsprutande [el'dsprm'tande]
for
[/o.V]
or pd .. . talet
[otr or pot tatldt]
dr
way
delar [de'lar^]
sydlig [sydligl
nordlig [noj'MUg^]
flat
[a.'vfran'smin^dn]
[stro-
m'ar*^]
strait
[hal'vo^n]
[rwitd]
lik(a) [li'ka^^
[kon'tinen'tdrna']
tracts of land
ndset Ine'sdt]
in the
Alps
pd Alperna
al'p9rna']
[po.'
fna^]
the summits
topparna
rocky
klippig [klip'ig']
heights
capes
hojder
[hojtddr]
uddar
[ud'ar^].
[top'ar-
64
Lesson 13.
flat
peninsulas.
Thirteenth Lesson.
The adjective
(continued).
Degrees of comparison.
II.
1.
The
of Swedish adjectives is
the comparative and the
comparison
by two degrees:
aifected
superlative.
A.
2.
classes
into three
The comparative which expresses an equal dewhich is formed by the words: lika or likasa
and
gree
b)
lika rik
as poor
.
as rich ....
The
65
adjective (continued),
Ex.
Han
He
is
Han
He
is
.,
B.
3.
predi-
cative or absolute.
a)
The
when
Ex.
am
Ex.
am
c)
is
the
is
only
is in-
German:
jc^onften).
comparison
(in
in
is
without
Remarks.
1.
The adjectives ending in -al, -el, -en, -er (unaccented) drop the vowel preceding I, n and r in the
formation of the comparative and superlative.
Lesson 13.
66
placing the adverb mera and their superlative b}' placing the adverb mest before the positive.
Ex. krigisk, warlike mera krigisk ; mest krigisk.
:
3.
The adjectives ending in -a form their compaand superlative by adding only -re and -st to
rative
the positive.
Ex,
stilla,
still
stillare ; stillast.
Positive.
The
The
b)
Ex.
de rikaste furstarne
de vackraste flickorna
de flitigaste barnen.
unchanged.
c)
67
adjective (continued).
is
indefinite form.
Plural.
Singular.
Ex.: fursten dr ntycket rik
fiickan dr mycket vacker
6.
Irregular comparisons.
Positive.
Comparative.
Superlative.
mindre, smaller
smd (plur.),
smdrre,
ddlig, elak (ond), bad sdmre, vdrre, worse
dldre, older
bdttre, better
old
gammal,
minst, smallest
smdrst,
sdmst, vdrst, worst
didst, oldest
bdst, best
small
liten (sing.),
few
mera, more
minst, least
mest, most
flera
fldsta,
ndra
ndrmare, nearer.
fa,
fdrre, less
near.
mesta
Words.
blodbad
\bloj'd-
slaughter
stdt [stoif]
mdnnen
svek
[sve.'k]
[sa.'Z]
uppsyn
iron
doden
knektar
pomp
slott \sht:'\
sal
till
[ti'l
dei- to death
ddn]
ba'd\
deceit
ring
(treachery)
castle
room, hall
bodeln [boiddln]
[up'sy'ri] face,
mien,
look
throne
[trco.^n]
domstol [doj'mstco'U
kla^gadd\
[riy!]
ring
the executio-
ner
instituated
sif'niT)]
forhanid]
de anklagade
soldiers
steVda}
a forhc
pd
forhand
[knek'-
tar']
court
(of Ju-
stice)
[po.^
[a?i*
beforehand
the accused
ones
ned
hy Hades
dds']
[hyl'a-
was sworn
allegiance
Lesson
68
fomdmsta
[fce'Ji-
nm'sta\
visade sig
\vi'-
most eminent
showed
him-
tankte
\t7)'td^'\
framstdende
fom
thought
samtyckte [sam'-
distinguished
called together
should be punished
consented
tyk'td]
'it [de'lta^git]
deliagit
[c
partaken
befallde [bdfaT- commanded
dd']
[sam'la'- assembled
std
till
til! ret'a']
'dds]
mork
[mcer!k]
satte sig [sat'd']
gloomy
framtrddde
appeared
sat (upon)
[hdjseirdd]
avrdttas[a'vrt^as] be executed.
[fram'tre'dd]
begdrde
persecuted
avsatt [a'vsaf^
karadd]
samlades
[fce'v-
clement
[fram'sto'dndd]
uppkallade [up'-
forfoljt
matte straffas
self
nddig [no'dig^]
13.
demanded
Nu
hyllades Kristian II sasom Sveriges konung och kronStockholm med stor stat. Till hogtidlighetema hade han
Han
inbjudit de fornamsta mannen i riket och deras fruar.
visade sig iiadig mot alia, men i sitt sinne tankte han pa svek.
En dag i november 1520 blevo de mest framstaende svenskarna uppkallade till Stockholms slott. De samlades i en sal
pa slottet. Konungen kom in med mork uppsyn och satte
Infor honom framtradde nu Gustav Trolle
sig pa sin tron.
och begarde, att de, som forfoljt och avsatt honom, matte
straffas. Konungen samtyckte hartill och befallde, att alia, som
deltagit i beslutet om Gustav Trolles avsattning, skulle sta
till ratta infor en domstol, som han tillsatte.
Domen var pa
forhand avgjord: de anklagade domdes till doden.
Darpa
fordes de ut till att avrattas.
Pa Stortorget voro danska
knektar uppstallda i en ring, och inom denna viintade bodeln
med svardet. Nu dodades 82 av de fornamsta svenskarna.
tes
Conversation.
Vem
rum?
Av vem
tillsattes domstolen?
vad domdes de anklagade?
Hum manga av de fornamsta svenskarna dodades?
Till
The
69
verb.
Words.
-et
blast-furnace
gold
guld,
silver
silver, -vret[sil'vdr]
[gul'd]
-n
[pla'-
metals
lead
iron
jam,
copper
koppar, -en
-et
an
kvicksilver, -vret
[kvik'sirvdr]
malmen {maHmdn]
iron-plate
jdrnbleck,
fusible
dyrbar [dy'rba'r\
smdltbar [smel't-
smelts
smdlter
-et
easily
[smel'tar'']
latt [htt]
hard
hard
ductile
are dug out
tdnjbar [tsn'jba'r]
graves ut [gre'vds'
smelted
smalt
dipped
is used
doppad
-et
[ten!
or
ten.']
Ijusbleck, -et
[jiit's-
to solder
blek']
cast-iron
gjutjdm,
mixture
jeeUn]
blandning,
coal
Iblan'dniy']
kol, -et \kotl\
-et [jut't-
-en
[hoidd]
m.'t]
[jds'Miblsk^]
tenn,
[tgyrd'
en.']
ba'r]
[ko-
quick-silver
the ore
tin-plate
[jseUn]
p'ar']
tin
steel
precious
tal'dr]
-en [ma'-
suy^n]
heavier than tyngre
tina
mercury,
masugn,
rusts
damp
brass
[smelit]
[dop'ad']
brukas [brm'kas']
loda [le'da']
(Mir rostigt
<
[bli.'r
ros'tig't]
[rostar [ros'tar']
fukt [fuktt]
massing, -en[mS'-
]'
Platina
Gold,
heavier than silver; it is the heaviest metal. Precious
metals are not the most useful.
Lead is more fusible
than iron; it smelts very easily. Copper is not so heavy
as quicksilver. Silver is harder than gold and more ductile
than copper. The ore as well as most metals are dug out
of the earth.
Iron-plate dipped into smelted tin becomes
Cast iron is a mixture of iron and coal.
Tin
tin-plate.
is used to solder other metals.
Iron rusts easily when exposed to damp weather. Cast iron flows out of blast-furBrass is not so hard as steel.
naces.
silver
is
Fourteenth Lesson.
The verb.
1. The Swedish language has four conjugations
which are distinguished by the termination of the
supine.
70
Lesson 14.
-t
is:
the P* conjugation.
2^^
'tt
S'-^
-it
4*^
or
weak
First conjugation.
The
3.
ding in
-erttj
first
-iga^
-la,
and
-ta.
It takes:
Alska^
to love.
Active volee.
Indicatiye.
Sul)juiictive.
Present.
I
S.
loye
etc.
jag dlkaf"
du dlskar'
han dlskar
P. vi
love or
dlska
dlsken
jag dlske
may
love
etc.
md
md
md
or
dlska
du dlske or
dlska
han dlske or
dlska.
P. vi dlske or tna dlska
I dlsken or
dlska
dlska.
de dlske or
S.
man
md
de dlska.
Imperfect.
I
S.
loYed
etc.
jag dlskade
du dlskade
han dlskade.
dlskade
I dlskaden
P. vi
de dlskade.
S.
P.
I dlskaden
de dlskade
Perfect.
I
S.
P.
have
S.
P.
or
md hava dlskat
du md hava dlskat
han md hava dlskat.
vi md hava dlskat
jag
I man hava
dlskat
md hava
dlskat.
de
etc.
The
71
verb.
Pluperfect.
I
S.
P.
had loved
etc.
S.
P.
had
or
jag hade
du hade
han hade
vi hade
I haden
or skulle
skulle
skulle
skulle
skullen
skulle
>
>
de hade
>
Future.
shall love
I
S.
skola dlska
skolen dlska
de skola dlska.
Future past.
have loved
I shall
etc;
S.
han
etc.
hava dlskat.
hava dlskat
I skullen hava dlskat
de skulle hava dlskat.
hava dlskat.
hava dlskat
I skolen hava dlskat
de skola hava dlskat.
skulle
P. vi skidle
Infinitive.
Imperative.
love.
dlsken, love
should love
skall
P. vi skola
let
>
>
Conditional past.
etc.
dlskom,
>
S.
P. VI
dlska,
>
han
Conditional.
I
etc.
du skall dlska
han skall dlska.
S.
etc.
matte
matte
matte
matte
mdtten
matte
or
us love.
ye.
Pres.
Perf.
dlska, to love.
hava dlskat, to have
Int.
skola dlska,
loved.
to be about to love.
Participles.
Pres.
Perf.
dlskande, loving.
havande dlskat, having
Sup.
dlskat,
loved.
loved.
Passive voice.
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Present.
am
S.
loved
etc.
jag dlskas
du dlskas
han dlskas.
P. vi
dlskas
I dlskens
de dlskas.
he or
may he loved
etc.
72
Lesson 14.
Imperfect.
I
S.
was loved
etc.
jag dlskades
du dlskades
Tian dlskades.
P. vi
dlskades
S,
P.
7 dlskadens
de dlskades.
Perfect.
have
S.
or
jag
ma
loved,
hava dlskats
The
73
verb.
Supine: (ilskats
been loved.
The
Note.
be
named
heta
to
kunna
to be able
leva
veta
to live
vilja
will
know
to
I.
Conjugation.
Ind. Present,
Infinitive.
Imperfect.
Supine.
Sing.
Plur.
heter
heta
hette
hetat
kan
kunna
kunde
kunnat
level"
leva
veta
levde
vet
visste
levat
vetat
vill
vilja
ville
velat.
Words.
utlopp [m'tlop^]
mouth
salt-sea
saltsjo [sal'tfo^]
holmar [hol'mar^^ islets
halvdar\hal'v0ar^\ peninsulas
sund,
vikar
pi.
[sunJd']
straits
ldvskog[l0'vskoj'g^ foliage
dungar [du7far'] clumps
soder [so.'ddr]
south
malmenlmal'mdnl the suburb
djurgdrden [jui'r- the zoological
anden
[an'dd'n]
riksdag shuset
[rik'sda'gshm'
garden
the ghost
parliament-
house
S'dt]
sluice
vessel
gdt]
strax
intill
[strakis intiH]
[6a-
begravna
jo'rds
of
a.'v']
skilda [fil'da^]
separated
uppfyllda [up'
filled
up
JyMa]
[vi'kar^]
goUddn]
around
kring [kriy.']
utgores av \m't- are formed out
lummiga[lum'iga'] bushy
sjdlv [fsl'v]
itself
ddrigenom
thereby
[d.'ri-
je'n'om]
delat [de'laf]
at soder [o.'t
divided
se.'-
ddr]
at norr [o!t nor!]
i vaster [tV ves.'tdr]
i oster [i' os.'tdr']
oster om [os.'tdr
to the south
to the north
in the west
in the east
to the east of
om.']
quite near
allt
buried
ifroin]
gra'vna']
hredvid\hre'dvitd] close to
tvdrton^tvBBJi-tom''] vice versa
vanligtvis [va'n- usually
liktvi^s]
beldgen [bdUigdn^ situate(d)
bygffd [byg;d]
built
ndmligen [nem'-
namely
ligdn']
ny
new.
[ny.']
Reading Exercise
27.
Stockholm.
Stockholm ar en av de vackrast belagna stader i Europa.
Hela trakten kring Malarens utlopp i ^Saltsjon" utgores av
sma oar, holmar och halvoar, skilda av sund och vikar samt
74
Lesson 14.
uppfyllda av sma branta berg, skogar och lummiga lovskogsdungar. Sjalva Stockholm ligger pa flera holmar och halvoar
och ar darigenom delat i flera delar: I mitten ligger Staden''
pa en holme mellan Norrstrom" och Soderstr6m" at soder
Sodermalm'',atnorr Norrmalm" samt ^Kmigsholmen" i vaster
och Ostermalm*^ i oster. Oster om Staden" at ^Saltsjon"
till ligga
Skeppsholmen*' och ^Djurgarden'^
Staden'' ar
Stockholm aldsta del. Har ar det Kmigliga Slottet" och pa
en liten holme strax intill ligger Riddarholmskyrkan". dar
konungarna allt ifran Gustav II ligga begravna. Pa en annan
;
Av vad
Pa vad
Saltsjon ?
Stockholm?
I hum manga delar ar Stockholm delat?
Vilka aro Stockholms viktigaste byggnader?
Vad ar byggt det bredvid Soderstrom?
ligger sjalva
Words,
hyggnader\hyg'na-
buildings
d^dr]
professors
Idrare
merchant
kopman [gd'pman^]
\l'rard^\
sovsalar
[so'vsa'-
dining-rooms
matsalar [ma'tsa^-
infirmary
sjukrum
school-rooms
skolrum
[fuck-
rum^]
[skco'l-
rum']
of
sprdkldrare[spro'kh^rard]
ritldrare
[ri'tU'''
languages
drawing
master
rard\
writing master skrivldrare[skri'vU^rard]
singing
master
sdngldrare
rooms
klassrum
\haiji7i\
[foR'r-
valtas]
a.'v]
spacious
rymlig \rym'lig^^
quiet
stilla
scolded
grdlade
\stil'a^'\
pa
\_gr'-
la^dd]
flitig [flitig']
hdvlig [ho'vlig']
indulgent
skonsam
[Ise'r-
blames
punishes
[klas'-
impartial
strict
juy^ar]
class
ham
conducted forvaltas
[soj}'-
W'rard]
Idrjungar
pupils
children
IS
lar]
ddrvis^niy]
[lektion [Ukfcotri]
is
lar]
teachers
lesson
[skco'n-
sam']
tadlar [tad'lar^^
straffar \^straf'ar^'\
Strang \stry^
opartisk [oj'par^tisk].
The
75
verb.
Our school
is
parents
and masters.
Fifteenth Lesson.
Second conjugation.
The verbs
weak vowels
a, y, o,
e,
i.
b)
of
in the
of the vowels:
a, y,
-de in the
o,
in -k, -p,
,
-s,
-t,
i.
imperfect indicative.
Kopa,
to buy.
Active voice.
Boja,
Indicative.
Present.
S.
jag
du
han
to bend.
Passive voice.
76
Lesson 15.
Imperfect.
S.
jag
du >
han J
P. vi
S.
jag
I
kopte.
bojde.
du >
han J
P. vi
koptes.
hojdes.
koptes.
hojdes.
kopte.
bojde.
kopten.
hojden.
koptens.
bojdens.
de
kopte.
bojde.
de
koptes.
hojdes.
Note.
The compound tenses of the Indicative and the
Subjunctive etc. are conjugated with the same auxiliary verbs
as the verb: dlska, dlskas.
The
verb.
77
78
Lesson
15.
Words.
uppfarten
\up'-
the ascent
hissar
dngslupar
[^oy's-
steam-launch
Im'par]
fa^rtdn]
lifts
[his'ar''^
stupar
[^stui'par^']
place
[so.'kal'add']
finnas
[prco'mdna'dplafsdr]
kungstrddgdrden
King's
(the)
garden
(the) Hopgarhumlegdrden
den
\hum'ldgo'rddn\
operahus [oj'pdra- opera house
[kuystrEgo'rddn]
hm^s]
[jin'as^^
are found,
there are
underjordisk
underground
[un'ddrjojUdisk]
innehdller [ind'containSjholds
historisk \histcjt-
historical
Tisk'\
nationalmuseum
national
mu-
seum
[nat'fojna'lmiase^urri]
konstsam lingar
artistic(al)
collections
[kon'stsam^liyar]
ridge
tvdrsover
[tvsej,'-
through
se'vdr]
bekant [bdkanti]
known
leder [le'ddr^]
leads
ock
lokf]
talrik [ta'lri^k]
also
numerous
seger
bekvdmt [bdk-
victory
[se.'gdr]
fabriker
sinks
Idtta {let'a^^
facilitate
s. k.
sd kalladid) so called
ve'gar]
slopes ,
down
[fabrit- works,
facto-
ries
kdr\
avdelning [a'vde%
division
park
park
Stockholmers
[paM^k]
stockholmare
v7n!t]
Jiotta [Jlot'^'}
forlustelsestdlle
[fcerlus'tdlsdsterd]
navy
pleasure
ground
[stok'hormard]
omgivningar[om'- environs
visited
comfortably
slot'n]
pleasure
castles
spdrvagnar[spo'r- tram-cars.
jivniy^ar]
vay^nar]
har
man
tva
s.
k.
hissar.
at sjon.
The
79
verb.
malm
ar brantast?
Var ligga Stockholms tva fornamsta promenadplaster ?
Vad kallas de?
Var ligger en avdelning av svenska flottan?
Vilka aro stockholmarnas fornamsta forlustelsestallen ?
Vilken
Words.
the tTa.desm3inhandlanden[han'dlan'ddn]
business, pi. affdrer [afsridr]
goods
var or gods
profit
vinst
fordringsdgare
debitors
gdldendrer
Ifoj'rdriyse'gard]
r(j)T\ gcot^s]
manager
disponent
bills
vdxlar
receipts
kvitton [kvit'ojn^]
commercial
code
handelsbalk [han'-
losses
forluster
handlanden\han'dlan'ddn]
kopmannen
clerks
man'dn]
kontorister [kon'-
[co'p-
traveller
hokhdllare \ha)'khoVard]
kassor [kaso.'r]
[handels]resande
office
kontor
merchandise
[foRV-
customers
[6a-
lay'skon^toj]
assets
(tillgdngar) aktiva
ak[til'goy^ar,
liabilities
(skulder), passiva
[skul'ddr, pasivia]
handelsvaror
does
[han'ddlsva'rcor]
kunder [kun'ddr^]
buys
gor [joir]
koper [p0-ar']
sells
forsdljer [fcersel'-
employs
sysselsdtter [sgs'dlsd'dr]
utsdnder [m'tsen'ddr]
tiv!a]
(neut.) [kon-
tco'.r]
luppdrag
I
ddlsbal'k]
balance-sheet balanskonto
[re'san'dd]
orders
[vek'slar^]
lus'tdr]
tojrisitdr]
cashier
[dis'pco-
nenit]
[vin.'st]
the merchant
book-keeper
[jel'dd-
ne'rdr]
[va'-
tradesmen
creditors
jdr']
(neut.)
[up'dra^g]
bestdllning[bdstl'-
sends out
my']
order-book
^bok
orderl
bco'k]
imports
invoices
fakturor
exports
enter
infor [in'fqr']
utfor [m*ftfor']
inskriva [in'skri^
correspon-
brewdxUng \bre'vmake
utstdller
\D'j,ddr
tm'rojr']
dence
agents
vek'sUy]
ombud, agenter
[om' bm'd,agn.'tdr]
cash-book
kassabok
fakturbok
[fak-
tm'rboj'k]
stock-book
lagerbok
ledger
Jiuvudbok
vudbo/k]
[la'gdr-
[uctste-
rdv]
attend
[kas'a-
bco'k]
invoice-book
va]
out
besorja
[bdsoe'r-
Ja']
keeps
pays
for
[for^]
betalar [bdta'lar']
receives
uppbdr
signs
undertecknar [wv-
\up'bser''\
ddrtek'nar]
boj'k]
[hui'-
is
bound
dr tvungen
tvuy'dn'']
[fer'
80
Lesson 16.
take stock
inventera
[in'ven-
in compliance
ascertain
utrbna [m'tre'na]
go beyond
overskrida [0'vdr-
cheap
hilligt [bil'ig^t]
skri'da]
dear
dyrt
.
[ve'-
ddrbce'rligdn
easy
regelmdssigt [regdlmesHgt]
drligen [o'rligdn']
latt [Ut^
or
eller [elidr]
yearly
[dyji't]
enlighet med hV
'nligh&t meid]
vederborligen
properly
regularly
with to
tetra]
profits.
Sixteenth Lesson.
Third conjugation.
1. To this conjugation belong
monosyllabic verbs and a few others
ie,
to
show
happen
ske, to
bo, to
dwell
bero, to depend
glo, to gape
all
the following
sno, to twist
tro, to believe
varsko, to
sy, to
warn
sew
gnOf to rub
fly,
ro, to
row
to flee
The
gry, to dawn
sky, to shun
spy, to spit, to vomit
md, to be, to feel
forma, to be able
sow
forebrd, to reproach
fid, to skin
feM, to strike
forsmd, to disdain
spa, to foretell, to predict
dtrd, to long for.
to
sd,
nd, to reach
to take after
brd[s],
81
verb.
to resemble
2.
Tro,
Passive voice.
Active voice.
Indicative.
Indicative.
Subjunctive.
Subjunctive.
Present.
S.
S.
jag
du
Tian
P. VI
tror.
md
jag
du
han
tro}
tros.
md
tros.^
tros.
tros.
tros.
tro.
md
tros.
md
iron.
man
trons.
mdn
de
tro.
md
de
tros.
md
troddes,
troddes.^
tro.
tro.
tro.
P. vi
Imperfekt.
S.
jag
du
han
P. vi
I
de
S.
trodde.^
trodde.
jag
du
han
trodde.
trodde.
trodden,
trodde,
trodden.
trodde,
P. vi
I
de
troddes.
troddes.
troddens. troddens.
troddes.
troddes.
same manner
Imperative.
tro
P. tron.
S.
S. tros.
P. trons.
Infinitive.
tro.
tros.
Participle.
troende.
trodd.
^
The simple form of the subjunctive is antiquated and consequently no longer used.
^
The periphrastic forms are like those of the verb dlska, dlskas.
Elementary Swedish Grammar.
g
82
Lesson 16.
Supine,
trott.
trotts.
us believe.
let
Pres.
Infinitive.
Imp,
Plur.
Sing.
Sing.
Supine.
Participle,
Plur.
do
to die
dor
do
dog
dogo
dott
dod
fd
to get
to go
fdr
gdr
fd
ga
jick
jingo
gick
gingo
fdtt
gdtt
(und) fdngen,
gdngen, -et
lev
le
log
logo
lett
ser
stdr
sldr
se
std
sld
sag
stod
sdgo
stodo
sett
sedd
stdtt
(ut)
slog
10
slagit
slagen,
to
laugh
to see
se
^
std to stand
sld to beat
(adj.)
-et
sett
stdnden,
-et
-et.
Words,
kyrkosocknar
parishes
trappsteg [trap'-
stairs
sandstone
ste^n]
alunskiffer
alumish slate
lime stone
trap^
firwood
its
flat
nan^dd]
tredje [tre'djd^]
third
hard [hoUd]
hard
ak^tig]
[dstr
vdxa
[vek'sa^]
manor house
stdtlig
[boR'.idig'']
[co'dlad'^]
the plain
surface
to
grow
fertile
tilled
culti-
vated
[sto'tlig^'\
up there
up' 9^
odlad
tdn]
sldtten [sUttdn]
yta [yta^]
[jemtn]
country
church
go^jid]
utsikten [m'tsik
near
b ordig
kco'g]
hygd [bygtd]
kyrka [fcer'Ara']
herrgdrd [hser-
[ne'ra']
brett [bretf]
wide, broad
omfatta [oirvfafa] to comprise,
to cover
ddr uppe
ste^n]
trapp [trapf]
barrskog [bar's-
[a'lunfif'dr]
kalksten [kal'k-
ndra
jdmn
ste'g]
sandsten [san'd-
naturshdnhet
tm'rfonhe't]
[ccer'ksok'nar]
splendid
infinitely
ligt]
skull [skul']
sake
resande [re'san'dd]
travellers.
*
an igneous rock (a variety of dolerite or basalt
presenting a stair-like aspect.
named from
The
verb.
Reading Exercise
31.
KinuekuUe.
Det markvardigaste av Vastgotabergen ar KinnekuUe.
Det ligger invid Vanern/) ar nara 300 m. hogt, 14 km. langt
och nara halften sa brett. Det omfattar tre hela kyrksocknar
samt delar av fern andra. Det bildar icke en jamn sluttning,
utan hojer sig i avsatser, liknande stora trappsteg. Varje
avsats bestar av en sarskild stenart den lagsta av sandsten,
den andra av alunskiffer, den tredje av kalksten. Toppen
innehaller en hard svartaktig bergart, som kallas trapp. Dar
uppe vaxer barrskog; bergets ovriga delar utgora en bordig
och val odlad bygd, med kyrkor och statliga herrgardar. Utsikten over bergets lagre delar samt over hela Vastgotaslatten
och Vanerns vida yta ar oandligt vacker, och KinnekuUe
besokes for sin naturskonhets skull mycket av resande.
:
Conversation.
Vilket ar det markvardigaste av Vastgotabergen?
Vid vilken sjo ligger KinnekuUe?
Hurudan ar dess sluttning?
Varav besta dess avsatser?
Ar utsikten over bergets lagre delar vacker?
temperature
under \un!d9r]
wonder
blossoms
favourable
is
[da'gar-
na^]
in wet
ther
wea
[mant]
vdtvdder
[vo'tvs'ddr]
vid
[in'tef untddr]
no wonder
foga underligt
[frffs,' un'ddrligH]
ej att undra
[j.'
hot
at'
it is
dark
mork
early
tidigt
getting
cold
ruskvdder
[kalit]
[mortk]
Strang,
[rus'kvE^ddr]
(neut.) \kli-
matt\
^
(pd dagen)
[ti'dig't]
hdrd
[streyt hoird]
desjuka[de!furka^]
klimat
un'dra' pof\
het [he!t]
det blir kallt
'
the sick
climate
[jyn'-
[bla'ddn*]
dagama
I
gynnsam
pd
bladen
man
[bloj-
sam']
tdr]
people
blommor
m'cor^]
[tem.-
psratut^r]
frukt [frukU]
nature
natur(en) [natmtr]
the crop, the skdrden[J CR'rd9n^]
harvest
temjperatur
short
best
kort
bast
[kco!rt]
[besit]
Lesson
84
rdtmdnad
dogdays
17.
seems
(sing.)
[ro'tmo'nad]
there will be det shall finnas
begin
to fall
synes \sy'n9s^]
borja [bcer'ja^]
falla ned [fal'a'
[skali Jin'as']
netd]
smdle
to smile
everything
[smo'le']
allting, allt [al'tiy'
to revive
leva
is
coming on nalkas
to catch cold
altt]
upp
[leva''
to recover
igen
up!
i'jdn']
[nalkas'']
forkyla sig
[foer-
gyla' sitg]
tillfriskna [tilfris^kna].
Seventeenth Lesson.
Fourth conjugation.
Strong verbs.
1.
a)
in the
Imperfect Indicative.
They
The first group contains the verbs
2.
the root of
2nd
86
Lesson
17.
Olbservation.
2.
in
the
1.
in the
Im-
perfect Indicative;
2.
cabulary.
3. Besides the different changes undergone by
their root- vowels, the strong verbs are also characterized
4.
Gripa,
Past Participle.
Supine.
to seize
The
87
verb.
Imperfect.
S.
S.
jag
du
han
P. vi
I
de
jag
du
han
grep.
band.
grepo.
grepen.
grepo.
bundo.
bunden.
bundo.
P. vi
I
de
greps.
bands.
grepos.
grepens.
grepos.
bundos.
bundens.
bundos.
gripes.
bindes.
Subjunctive.
Present.
S.
S.
jag
du
han
gripe.
jag
du
han
binde.
gripe.^
binde.^
gripes.^
bindes.^
gripen.
binden.
gripens.
bindens.
de
gripe.
binde.
de
gripes.
bindes.
grepes.^
bundes.^
grepes.
bundes.
bundens.
bundes.
P. vi
P. vi
Imperfect.
S.
jag
S.
du
han
grepe.^
P. vi
grepe.
grepen.
de
grepe.
jag
du
han
bunde.
bunde.
bunden.
bunde.
P. vi
[
I
grepens.
de
grepes.
Imperatiye.
S.
grip.
bind.
S. grips.
binds.
P.
gripom.
bindom.
P.
gripoms.
bindoms.
gripen.
binden.
gripens.
bindens.
gripas.
hindas.
gripen.
bunden.
gripits.
bundits.
Inflnitiye,
gripa,
binda.
Participle.
gripande. bindande.
Supine.
gripit.
bundit.
88
Lesson 17.
vis^t^^^t^^^^^
a
^^
-"^
s -^
.-ts
ill ill
'Sj-^
:t:j
-to
vS
-1
-'^s
"^
t^-:ts ,^
.*>i
."tS
iS
"<
I U^~r
IIP! i*iri'l-ili:&il i Nl
-"^ .-s
.-t-
--^
.-t^
."^
.-t^
Wliiiiffliiiiijiife
ifiitti-PliiillHiiliilli!
^ '^^-^'?i,'^<2, ^^ ^ ^
^o ^5'^o ^o ro ro
'ts
5^!^o^
'^
Qi
.<
,^
;:s ;;5-:2
The
89
verb.
:5>i
S-
^^
c5
''.*
'-
''-
<=^
c/j
'^^oS,g.
cc "^ so CO
p
i:
g ^
i:
g ^'^
?~
S>
II ill
CO
cc
cc
g
o
?^-g 53,1
g^^ ^M
Lesson 17.
90
Words,
anfallet [an'fal'dt] the attack
framgdng [fram'- success
gonv']
utstd [m'tsto']
to
dterse
to see again
[o'tdrse^']
forsta [/cers^a']
skedde [fed'd^]
truppema
vek
p'drna']
oordning
[oj'o^Jid-
disorder
undergo
first
took place
gave way
[ve.'Jc]
rdkade [ro'ka^dd]
passa pd [pas' a'
to
anfalla [an'faVa'\
to attack
got
watch
niv\
skarorna
overmanna
corna^]
hdstbdr
[hes't-
the bullets
stretcher
(borne by a
horse)
stretcher, bar-
bo'r]
bar [6o.V]
row
moda
[me'da^]
dterstoden
difficulty,
trouble
\o'tdr- the rest
[tur'ikisk' turkish
omrdde \om'ro^dd
fdngama
the prisoners
[fov'arna']
lan'd]
to
[de.'Hb-
with draw
[dra'ga^^
to bring along
fo'ra]
ndrbeldgna
[ne'r- neighbouring
bdlg''na]
sdra
to
[so'ra^^
utmatiad [uct
mafad]
formd
rddda,
wound
exhausted
to
[/cermo/]
to
sig.
be able
run away
to save
one's
[red'a^']
[li'dan^- sufferings
ddn]
dterstd [o'tdrsto^] to remain
ddribland
kom'a]
draga (undan)
territory
lidanden
pieces
[sdn'ddrfm'ta]
[un'd- to escape
undkomma
medfora [me'd-
sto/ddn]
overwhelm
man'a]
soon
snart [snaji^t]
spridde [sprid'd^] spread
Idt [UH]
caused, let
to shoot
to
sonderskjuta
[o'vdr- to
among
'
self
fd
si'gfoydn^]
[foi]
(one's self)
few, a few.
The
91
verb.
Conversation,
med framgang?
oordning?
Ryssarna?
Words.
besoket [bdso'kdt]
the visit
at the door
pa dorren
by the
vid
[po
side
harden
[vi'd
to greet
hsedtddn]
jag
hope
hoppas
[ho-
p-as']
good bye!
how
huru
are you ?
from
me
take a seat,
please!
[farve'l so Uy'd']
star det till
[hm'rm' stoir
det tilf]
frdn mig
[fro'n
sitt
long
Idnge {ley'd'-']
nej [nejf]
stanna
to stay
to
hear
to
do
{^siti
will
oktatg
gojtd
plates]
ma
be
to
you
[mo!]
Ni [viU nit\
itack! \takt]
vill
jag tackar
(I)
thank you<
tak'ar']
\_jatg
\\tak'ar^ so my'kdt']
neid]
to call for
/comma
in \kom'a'
itn]
[stan'a^]
(erfara [erfa'ra']
^fd veta [fo ve'ta^]
gora
tackar sd mycket
sit
no
hdlsa [hel'sa^]
ivar so god och tag
\vair so
plats
y
rnitg']
ned
[knak'a^]
[vem!]
en kopp [kopt^
a cup
I
vem?
who?
to
do&r.'dn]
fire-
knacka
knock
to
to-day
I
am
sorry
dag [^ datg]
gor mig ont
det
[det
[jo'ra^]
jotr
mitg
conif].
Who
Visit.
92
Lesson
18.
>.
jag
du
han
93
x^uxiliary verbs.
kunna,
4.
viljay
3.
kunnaf
Present.
S.
jag
du
han
5.
6.
7.
following
kan.
to be able.
Imperfect.
94
Lesson 18.
ldgland[lo'gldn'd] lowland
with regard tx)
till
[me^d hen'sy^n tilf]
fjdlhnark \_fjd'- mountainous
land
mdr'k]
tdthet [ts'he't]
density
glest [gles't]
befolkad [bdfolkad']
hogldnta [ho'g-
tat
med hdnsyn
g'ard]
race
sla^g]
utseende
look
[m'tse^dndd]
sprdk [spro'k]
language
on both sides
pa orase sidor
om'sd'
si'[poi
.
och
as well ... as
[bo'dd' okr\
sydlig [sydlig^]
upper
[te.'t]
[bdbyya^]
to inhabit,
to
people
tdtare bebyggt
more densely
\tE'ta^rd bebyg!t]
peopled
sdrskilt [sas'rjil^t] particularly
'
vars
tola
of which,
[vaj.^s]
[to'la^']
besldktad
dco'v]
bade
peopled
len^ta]
l>el>ygyci
folkslag [fol'k-
thinly
\bd-
shk'tad']
likna [lik'na^^
(whose)
to bear
akin
to resemble.
southern
I jamforelse
sydligare lander ar Sverige glest befolkat. I synnerhet
galler detta om de hoglanta trakterna och allra mest om de
nordliga skogs-och fjallmarkerna. Tatare bebyggt ar laglandet,
sarskilt de sydliga slattlanden, till exempel Skane, vars sodra
och vastra delar med hansyn till folktathet tala jamforelse
med de battre befolkade trakterna i Europa. De fiesta av
Sveriges inbyggare aro till nationen svenskar. I nagra trakter
bo finnar och lappar, som aro beslaktade folkslag; de likna
med
varandra bade
finska gransen,
pa omse sidor
till
till
Finnarna bo nara
Harjedalen.
Conversation,
Hum
manga manniskor bo
Ar Sverige sMedes
Sverige?
Words
post
postcard
post [pos/^l
brevkort [bre'v-
envelope
kuvert [kmvcM't]
stamp
frimdrke
telegraph
telegraf\te'ldgraif]
postal order post anvisning
[pos'tanvis^niy]
\_fri'-
mser^ka]
kcou^t]
universal postal
union
vdrldspostforening
\vssr ds
pos'tfo^reniy]
The numerals.
postman
hrevhdrare [hre'v-
letter
be^rard]
brev [breiv]
double
dubbelporto
postage
non-postpaid ofrankerad
[oj'fraifkerad]
to deliver
avldmna [a'vhm^-
latest
na]
senast [se'nas't]
to register
rekommendera
words
figures
ord [io!dd]
tal \tail\
electric
elektrisk
[du-
b'dlpojCtoj]
utomlands [m'tom-
abroad
95
[re'komendetra]
lan'ds]
wire,telegram
telegramm
post office
postkontor
[te'ld-
graTnf]
[pos't-
kon^cor]
vdrde
value
ters
to
invention
[vse'rdd'']
to belong
skicka
uppfinning
\up'-
finHy]
\tryk'to despatch
sa''kdr]
send
[eleki-
trisk]
avsdnda
[a'vsen''-
da].
[^fik'a^^
tillhora [tiVho^ra]
to
write
to
office
was
shut.
Mneteenth Lesson.
The numerals.
I.
1.
en {m and
f),
ett (n)
one
tvdnne, two
tre, trenne, three
fyra, four
tvd,
tu,
fern, five
sex, six
sju,
seven
dtta. eight
96
Lesson
19.
nio, nine
trettio,
Ho, ten
fyrtio, forty
elva, eleven
femtio, fifty
sextio, sixty
tolf,
twelve
tretton, thirteen
fjorton, fourteen
femton, fifteen
thirty
seventy
sjuttio,
aderton, eighteen
nitton, nineteen
eighty
nittio, ninty
hundra, a hundred
tusen, a thousand
en miljon, a million
en biljon, a billion
tjugu, tw^enty
noil,
sexton, sixteen
sjutton, seventeen
dttio,
nought.
Ex.
femtio
fern,
20100
the
fifty-five.
In
:
4. Tvenne designates two persons or things belonging together and is used instead of tva.
Hundra and tusen may be used as nouns
5.
and are neuter.
Ex.:
6.
2
-|-
ett
hundra,
ett tusen.
= 4 that
gor
is
fyra.
lika tned
minskat wied tvd \ dr (etc.), tvd.
f fyra
tvd ifrdn fyra
\
j blir tvd.
tvd gdnger tvd gor (etc.) fyra.
tvd i fyra gor (etc.) tvd.
j
)
=2
2X2 = 4*
2
4 = 2
4
2 = 2
2
dr
(etc.)
tvd I
^**
8.
andre,
-a,
second
tredje, third
fjdrde, fourth
femte, fifth
sjdtte, sixth
|f ^"/^^^^
word a
The numerals.
sjunde, seventh
dttonde, eighth
fjortonde, fourteenth
tjugonde, twentieth
nionde, ninth
tionde, tenth
elffe, eleventh
trettionde, thirtieth
fyrtionde, fortieth
twelfth.
tolfte,
97
trettonde, thirtheenth
In
9.
number
is
Ex.
III. Collective
10.
ett
ett
numbers
IV. Fractional
11.
The
dish by adding
fractional
(Samlingstal).
a score
en gross, a gross.
ett
tjog,
numbers
(Deltal).
in
Swe-
numbers.
Ex.
en tredjedel, a third.
tvd tredjedelar,
two
thirds.
V. Proportional numbers.
12.
time (o'clock)
is it?
Klockan
Klockan
Klockan
Klockan
Klockan
Klockan
Klockan
98
The numerals.
to celebrate
p.
m.
last
jira [^'ra']
(in the
afternoon)
to set
forliden
ddn]
pa eftermiddagen
this
ef'tdvmid^a[_po
gdri]
avresa [a'vre'sa]
komma for
to miss
till
day week
ndst
was born
sent
late
[kom'a' for
this
sen
morning
[se-'n]
morgan
[i
mor'-
on']
to leave
[nes.t]
foddes
dtta da-
senit til]
next
[fcerli^-
dag am
o'clock
[fod'ds^]
avgd [a'vgoi]
klockan [khk'an'].
How
will celebrate
my
The Hour.
What
It
is
o'clock is it?
it
is
Words.
rdknesdtt [re'kud- rule
multiplikator
SEf]
de fyra rdkne-
addition
dentd]
division [di'vi-
addition
[adHt-
fojin]
term [tasrim]
term
summa
sum,
[sum'a']
suhstraktion
multiplier
[murtiplika'tor']
faktor [jakitor] factor
dividend
dividend [di'vidivision
fcoin]
kvot
total
subtraction
^
[sub'strakfojtn]
[mi'nuienid]
subtrahend [suh'-
[kvco't]
sammanldgga
[sam'anh'g^a]
kallas [kal'as']
quotient
to
put
to-
gether
is
(are) called
minuend
to add
[adefra]
uppkomma [up'- to result
trahn.'d]
rest [rssH]
sammanldggande
addera
kom^a]
rest
[sam'anhg^andd]
subtrahera [sub*- to subtract
multiplikand
multiplicand
[muVtip likanJd]
forra
trahe'ra]
[/cer-a']
(the) former
7*
Lesson
100
19.
senare [se'nard']
(the) latter
utvisa [m'tvi^sa]
to
multipUcera
to multiply
produkt
product
[^proj-
duktt]
dividera [di'vi-
[multiplise.'ra]
gemensam[^jeme'n- common
show
to divide
detra']
multiplikation
multiplication
[murtipUkafoj^n]
Addition.
Talen,
som
tal,
Subtraktion.
Att draga ett mindre tal fran ett storre,
aven att subtrahera det forra fran det senare. Det
kallas
talet
Ater-
Division.
Att dividera vill saga att dela ett tal i sa
lika stora delar, som ett annat tal innehaller enheter.
Det forra talet kallas dividend, det senare divisor. Det tal,
som visar storleken av var och en av de delar, i vilka dividenden blivit delad, kallas kvot.
manga
Conyersation.
12?
Words.
time
January
February
tid [ti'd]
januariljan'uicu'ri]
februari
October
oktober \okt(oibdr\
November
november [ncovem'-
December
december
bdr]
[/e'-
bruiairi]
[desem.^-
March
mars
April
april lapriit]
ordinary
vanlig [va'nlig^^
May
maj
Monday
mdndag \montdag\
June
[maji]
juni [jmtni]
Tuesday
tisdag [tiisda'g^
July
juli {jiatli}
Wednesday
onsdag
August
September
augusti \a(^gustti^
September [septem:-
Thursday
torsdag [tMUsda'g]
Friday
Saturday
fredag tfreidag]
bdr^
bdr]
[maM's]
\(l)insdag^^
lordag ilo^trdag]
The pronouns.
Sunday
sondag [son'dag]
leap year
skottdr
hour
timme
[skot'or'']
\ti'md^'\
101
name
namn
minute
second
minut \minmtt]
sekund [sekunid].
{namtrt]
Twentieth Lesson.
The pronouns.
There are in Swedish 7 kinds of pronouns
1.
the personal, possessive, demontrative, determinative,
relative, interrogative and indefinite pronouns.
:
A, Personal
(Personliga).
First person.
2.
(Masc,
fern,
and
neut.)
Plural.
Singular.
N.
G.
D.
A.
jag,
we
G. vdr, av
N.
vi,
Lesson 20.
102
Second person.
3.
(Masc,
fern,
and
neut.)
Plural.
Singular.
N. du, thou
N.
(Ni)y you.
Third person.
4.
Feminine.
Masculine.
N. han, he
G. hans, av honom, his (of him)
D. (at) honom, to him, him
A. honom, him.
Common
N. hon, she
G. hennes, av henne, her, of her
D. (at) henne, to her, her
A. henne, her.
Neuter.
gender.
N. det, it
G. dess (av det),
D. (at) det, to it
A. det, it.
its
(of it)
Plural
for all genders.
N. de, they
G. deras (av dem), their (of them)
D. (at) dem, to them, them
A. dem, them.
In conversation 2V"u is used instead of I> and ansNote.
wers to the English polite form you>. M> is also commonly used
in narratives, novels etc. but it is not generally accepted as a mode
The title or name of the individual addressed is
of social address.
more frequently used with the third person of the verb.
Ex.:
been in
Paris, doctor?
Du
like
is
Smith?
relatives,
//'
B. Possessive (Agande).
5.
I.
My.
Singular.
Masc. and fern.
N. min, my
G. min, of my (my)
D. (at) min, to my,
Plural
Neuter.
N. mitt,
my
G. mitt, of my (my)
D. (at) mitt, to my,
my
my
A. min, my.
A. mitt, my.
N. miiia, my
G. mina, of my (my)
D. (at) mina, to my,
my
A. mina, my.
The pronouns.
10^
Our.
6.
Plural
Singular.
Masc. and fem.
Neuter.
N. far, our
G. vdr, of our (our)
D. (at) vdr, to our,
N. vdrt, our
G. vdrt, of our (our)
D. (dt) vdrt, to our,
our
A. vdrt, our.
our
A. vdr, our.
7.
N. vdra, our
G. vdra, of our (our)
D. (dt) vdra, to our,
our
A. vdra, our.
Thy.
Plural
Singular.
Masc. and fem.
Neuter.
N. <ZzY^, thy
G. ditt, of thy (thy)
D. (dt) ditt, to thy,
A. din, thy.
A.
N. c?m, thy
thy
ditt, thy.
N. dina, thy.
G. cZma, of thy (thy)
D. fa^:; cZwa, to thy,
thy
A. dina, thy.
Your.
8.
Plural
Singular.
Masc. and fem.
Neuter.
D.
("d^j
edert
(your)
(ert),
your
(ert), your.
D.
edra, to your,
your
A. edra, your.
Her.
N. hans, his
G. /iaw5, of his (his)
^a?is, to his,
his
A. hans,
D. (dt)
A. edert
His.
C<t)
of
(ert),
to your,
your, your
A. eder (er), your.
D.
(ert), your.
your, (your)
ec?er fer), to
9.
N. edert
G. edert
his.
N. hennes, her
G. hennes, of
(her)
D. Ta^j hennes,
her, her
A. hennes, her.
Its.
her,
to
N.
G.
N.
c?ess, its
c?ess,
of
its
D. fd^j dess,
its
A. dess,
Their.
10.
("a^J
c^eras, their
its.
to
(its)
its,
Lesson 20.
104
11.
Plural
Singular.
Masc. and
N. sin,
Neuter.
fern.
N.
sitt, his,
her, its
N. sina,
their
G. sin,
of his,
her,
G.
his,
D. (at)
its
D.
(at)
its,
sin,
to
sitt,
her, its
her, its
A. sin,
A.
sitt,
to
his,
their
D. (at) sina, to
her,
its,
A. sina,
his,
their
their.
12.
Sin^ sitt, sina are used in a subjective reflective sense, that is when they refer to the subject
of the sentence, whilst hans, hennes, dess and deras are
used objectively, that is when they do not refer to the
Han
He
Hon
She (the
Han
He
(fadern) dlskar
barn.
Hon
De
De (gossames
barnens
They
II.
Tue pronouns.
105
Plural.
Singular.
Neuter.
Masc. and fem.
mitt, mine
ditt, thine
mina, mine
din,
sin,
vdrt, ours
edert, ert, yours.
vara, ours.
min,
vdr,
eder, er,
Note.
Sin,
dina, thine
edra
its
(era), yours.
>:>
>>
hennes
dess
deras
fem.
neut.
plural
Demonstrative (Utmdrkande).
I. Conjunctive (Forenade).
C.
14.
>
>
>
Singular.
Neut.
Fem.
Masc.
N. cZew or denne,
G. (dens) dess or denne,
den
or denna,
dess or denna,
this
D.
(at)
den
or denne,
A. den or denne,
(at)
den
den
or
or
denna,
denna,
PZwraZ
(for the 3 genders).
N.
G.
D.
A.
de or dessa, these
cZeras or dessa, of these, these.
(at) dem or dessa, to these, these.
cZem or dessa, these.
and
that2>
Absolute
(sjdlfstdndiga).
Denne
(conj.)
mans sjukdom dr
Se hdr dessa
omf Jag
is
farlig.
dangerous.
om
dennas
(abs.) doft.
106
Lesson 20.
which do you prefer?
of
this
one,
but
the
like
I prefer the
smell of that one
much.
Words.
omgivning
environment,
surroundings
intryck \in'try^k'\ impression
ndrvaro \n8srpresence
[om'ji'vniT)]
va^roj]
mdtta
\mot'a^'\
measure,
mo-
[vser'md']
ddrstddes
[de'r-
sU^dds]
mg:\
njugg [njugt]
hdrdsint
irdsir
deration
overgdng [0V9r-
vdrme
warmth
exterior
yttre Yyttvd]
kdnnbar l^en'bar] sensible
there
stingy
id-
rough
sin't]
dm
transition
tender
[oTw/]
vdnlig
hasiig
\ven'lig^'\
friendly
sudden
Nordbo[nco'udbco^] Northerner
alternativ [artdr- alternative
forbereda [fo'r-
to
natHv]
kold [gdltd']
cold
bdre^da]
fysisk [jy!sisk]_
physical
hetta yhet'a^^
heat
moralisk
moral
svalka [sval'ka^^
coolness
to refresh
uppfriska
[up'-
[M
[mojra.'-
prepare
lisk]
skiftevis [fif'td-
jris^ka]
bildande
{has-tig^']
alternately
vi's]
\bil'-
dan''dd\
sakna [sa*A;na']
ndrande
formative
[ns'-
nourishing
ran'dd]
to lack, to be
mognande
lacking
maturing.
[moj'ynan^dd]
Reading Exercise
41.
Nordens natur.
vanlig,
men
Conversation.
Hurudan ar naturen
norden?
The pronouns.
107
Words.
bird
fagel [foigdl]
svala [sva'la'^
stork [stoxiU]
swallow
stork
bird of pas- jiyttfdgel [flyt'sage
fo'g9n
ndktergal \nk'tdrnightingale
ga'n
bur [bm!r]
cage
titmouse
nest
robin
mes
trast [trasit]
siskin
gronsiska
[fo'gdlbco^]
\ug'la^^
steglitsa [ste'glitsa]
feathers (plu- fjddrar [fje'drar']
mage)
partridge
hona [hco'na'-]
rapphona [rap'-
lark
Idrka
ho^na]
\lseji'ka^^
huntingsman jagTYidstare
[jeg'mes'tard]
snipe
sndppa
[gro'n-
pheasant
gok [i0-A:]
fasan [fasa.^n]
singing-bird
sdngfdgel
[soif-
fo'g9l]
rotgel [rojtigel]
uggla
[o'kdr-
sis'ka]
cuckoo
magpie
skata [ska'ta^]
quail
net
vaktel [vak'tdV^
ndt \nett\
fiyga [flyg'a^']
gold-finch
female
dkerrdtta
[me's]
fdgelho
owl
thrush
field-mouse
gdr
yesterday
to sing
to chirp
sjunga
(to
\i
go'r]
[Juv'a,']
kvittra [kvit'ra^^
twitter)
ugly
to destroy
to build
to shoot
to chatter
l^snep'a^']
bygga
[byg'a']
skjuta [/m'^a']
iprata [pra'ta^]
[snattra [snat'ra^
warmer
How many
108
Twenty-first Lesson.
The pronouns.
(Continued).
D. Relative pronouns
The
1.
pronomen).
(relativt
vilken
S,
det,
^^^' ^^^^^^
dem
^^^^
vad, which.
Singular.
Neuter.
(at) vilken, to
whom,
whom,
A. vilken,
that
that.
Plural
(for the three genders).
N.
G.
D.
A.
vilka,
vilka,
Som
whom, which,
that.
1.
is
indeclinable
fader.
2.
bridge, is
("not
my
father.
^som) du
slog
min hund.
me
Give
3.
Jag kdnner
When
Note
case or
2.
when
The pronouns
Ex.
109
(continued).
The wine
gift
(i.
s.
om
of:
vilken).
The
Note
girl I
spoke of
is
married
(i.
s.
of: of
whom).
3.
icke.
I
do not
know
of.
dem
Ex.
>
vad? what?
1.
2.
2.
in the singular.
what? In the
who? which?
can be used substantively
4.
which kind
5.
6.
means how
7.
a. f.)
is?
who? is obsolete
or poetical language.
ho?
ett? (n.)
in biblical
110
Lesson
21.
3.
which?
Singular.
N. vem? who?
N. vad? what?
G. vems? whose?
G. vars? of what?
D. fdfj vem? to whom?
D. faf) vad? to what?
vew? whom?
A.
Ex.:
Vem
Who
A.
vad? what?
framfor huset?
stands before the house?
star
Nothing.
last?
books (has he) did he read?
Which
Vilkendera is declined like vilken, the ter-dera remaining unchanged except in the genitive which admits of an s.
4.
mination
Vilkendera af dessa
(tvd)
Idrjungar dr sjuk?
What
5.
(sort)
is ill?
Vem
pronomen),
1.
2.
3.
4.
var och en
(ett) ;
en
(ett)
var(t), all
Gen.
each, every.
5.
varje (indeclinable).
6.
vem
heist;
vad
heist;
vilken
som
whatever.
7.
8.
allj
9.
10.
alltj
alia, all.
whole, entire.
many
a.
heist j
whoever,
The pronouns
Ill
(continued).
NB.
The
indefinite
G. Correlative pronouns.
Declension.
Singular.
Masc. and
N.
G.
D.
A.
Neuter.
fern.
(for
N.
G.
D.
A.
det,
the one
it,
of ^he one
(at) det, to it, to the one
det, it, the one.
Plural
both numbers).
N. de, they
G. deras, of them
D. (at) dem, to
A. dem, them.
them
Observations.
a) This
wed by
Ex.
pronoun
is
follo-
man
virtues of the
man who
God
who
are virtuous.
112
The deponent
meat
mat
thirst
torst
Rhine-wine
to
become
rancid
to harvest
tillsdtta [til'sst'a]
drickbar \drik'-
to prepare
[matt]
drinkable
[toejitsti
ba'r]
sour
vitn\
eatable
rancid
113
verbs.
dthar [e'tha^r]
hdrsken [hed'skdn']
indigestible
hdrskna[hx'skna']
skorda
to
am
thirsty
sur [smtr]
osmdltbar [co'smeVtbar]
jag dr torstig [jaig
setr tcex'stig']
falla
to please
[/(B'dda^]
smaken
[fal'a'' i
smaJkdn]
to use
'
j
behaga [bdha'ga^]
ndrande [n'ra7i'd9]
nourishing
sldcka
quench
[shk'a''
bruka [brw/ka^]
hava for sed
[ha'va'' for setd].
Who
it is
not eatable;
it
has
The wine that I have harvested in my vineyards pleases my customers. Brandy is distilled from wine.
What meat do you prefer? I prefer beef to veal. What did
become
rancid.
Twenty-second Lesson.
The deponent verbs.
1. A deponent verb is a verb, which is conjugated in the passive form whilst having an active
meaning.
Note
1.
their
compound
tenses with
the supine.
Note
the
,9
2.
when
lU
Lesson 22.
2.
The
four Swedish
yst Conjugation,
andas, to breathe.
dagas, to dawn.
hoppas, to hope.
rddas,
to be afraid.
to be ashamed.
synas^ to appear.
tyckas, to seem.
vdmjas, to be disgusted.
skdmmas,
svettas, to sweat.
tdras, to weep.
vistas, to stay, to sojourn.
avundas, to envy.
2/vas, to boast.
5rd
hrn<i
^^^^
2nd Conjugation.
Coujugation.
* ressemble.
\
\ to take after.
^th
behovas, to want.
dvaljas, to dwell.
minnas,
Conjugation,
bitas, to bite,
^/in-s (^(C?e;fj, there
to recollect.
is.
Pronominal verbs.
The conjugation of the pronominal verbs is
3.
formed with the help of the personal pronouns which
are placed after the verb; the auxiliary verb is hava.
Example.
Beklaga sig, to complain.
Indicatiye.
Present.
Perfect,
I
complain.
thou com-
jag
du har
hast
plainest.
han
hon
det
he
beklagar sig, she
it
beklaga oss, we
beklagen eder, you
de beklaga sig, they
vi
>
and so
mig, I have
beklagat dig, thou
liar beklagat
complains.
73
det
vi
com-
''
it
hava beklagat
oss,
we
/ haven
plain.
you
de hava beklagat
forth.
sig,
they
Words,
samtid [sam'ti^d] (contemporaneous) epoch;
age
fomtidlfco'mti^d] antiquity
eftervdrld [ef'tdr- posterity
vseUd]
tanke {taij'kd^^
thought
metal
metall [metalt]
sldkt [slekit^
generation
storhet [stco'rhe^t] grandeur
drottning \drot'-
queen
niy']
diadem
[di'ads.'m]
spira [spi'ra^']
val [vaU]
diadem
sceptre
election,
choice
krona [krco'na']
fdrddmjukelse
drag [drdtg^^
humiliation
nedstiga\nedstVga]
to
crown
feature
descend
S
o
o
The deponent
115
verbs.
rulla {rul'a^^
to revolve,
roll
%']
enda
only
[eWfZa'l
(ful'- to achieve
to explain
tyda \ty da^'\
de dodlige [do'd- the mortals
fullkomna
kom'na]
nojd [noj.'d]
satisfied, con-
tent,
umgds
[um'go^s]
to
pleased
be enviro-
ned
ypperst
oinsom
[yp.'djisfi
.
prime
omsom now
now
to
[om'som']
stdmpla
[stem'pW]
to coin
oforgdnglig
imperishable
lig'd]
nedldgga
to
[ne'd-
depose
leg^a]
drva [asr'va']
to inherit
vdrdig [vee'Mig^] worthy
tilldga [til'leg'' d] to add
the Most High
den Hogste
\hdktst9^'\
\a)-foRrJE7flig^
to depict one's
self
behova [bdhova^]
to need.
Ej nojd att
hon omsom
snillen, lever
Varje hennes
tanke blir en bild, som, stamplad i en oforganglig metall,
ruUar kring varlden och for de senaste slakter tyder hennes
sjals storhet. Utan rike vill hon vara drottning; utan diadem
den yppersta bland dodlige. Sedan hon nedlagt en arvd spira,
vill hon genom val finnas vardig en annan; och hon nedsteg
ifran tronen, da hon till den kungliga icke kunde lagga en
kejserlig krona. I sjalva sin forodmjukelse infor den Hogste
andas hon blott sin egen storhet. Du har gjort mig sa stor
sager hon till Gud; att om du givit mig hela jordens rike,
skulle du ej fornojt mitt hjarta. I detta enda drag tecknar
hon sig sjalf sa talande, att jag till fuUkomnandet av hennes
bild ej behover tillagga flera.
i
Conversation.
Nojde
sig Kristina
med
att
umgas med
sin
samtids
yppersta snillen?
Vilken var hennes livliga onskan?
Varfor nedsteg hon ifran tronen?
Vad sade hon till Gud?
Vad bemarker detta sty ekes forfattar e angaende Kristinas
bild?
Words.
soul
116
Lesson 22.
healthy
frisk
amusement
forlustelse
play
sadness
lek
only
rik [ri'k]
endast, hlott \m'-
wise
vis [vi's]
careless
to die
sorglos [sor'jle's]
rich
\^frisik}
(foer'-
das%
lus'tdlsd^]
[le.'k]
sorgsenhet [sorsenhe^t]
discourage-
ment
modloshet
[mcj'd-
fortvivlan
have
a)
glad
[glcu'd]
hekymra
Qymtra
[lus!t]
mind
pleasure
[to'la^]
munter {munitdv]
to care for
(hava) lust
[de!]
tdla
[foert-
vi'vlan']
(to
do
bear
gay
loshe^t]
despair
to
blot']
sig
frdmmande
fomojelse
[f(r-
[6a-
siig]
[fri-
m'an'dd]
strange
unsettled
action
glddje [gle'djd^]
handlinglhan'dliy']
obekant [co'bdkan't]
fordnderlig [foer-
conduct
uppforande
to grieve
to discourage
bedrova [bddro'va]
modfdlla [moj'd-
to encourage
gov a modigljo'ra^
to
uppmuntra
to regret
moj'dig^]
dngra [oyra^]
something
wish
ndgot {no'gof]
onska [^on'ska^]
to
to
continually
stdndigt[stn'dig't]
blamable
weak
svag
nojtdlsd]
joy
[up'-
foran^dd]
poor
sn'ddrlig']
fd'a]
gladden
\up'-
mun'tra]
bad begd [bdgo!]
do (a
action)
tadelvdrd
[si'a!g]
[ta'ddl-
vse^jid'].
fattig Ifat'ig']
its faculties.
117
Twenty-third Lesson.
The impersonal verbs,
The impersonal verbs are so called because
1.
they are conjugated only in the third person of the
singular.
Example.
Hagla, to hail.
IndicatiYe.
Present.
Det haglar,
it
Imperfect.
hails
(is
hailing).
Det haglade,
it
ling).
Pluperfect.
Perfect.
has hailed
it
Future
Det shall hagla,
will
(it
I.
it
will hail
(it
had been
it
had hailed
hailing).
Future II.
Det skall hava haglat,
have hailed
be hailing).
(it
will
it
will
have been
hailing).
Conditional.
Past.
Present.
would be
it
would hail
it would
would have been
hailing).
(it
hailing.
Subjunctiye.
Present.
Imperfect.
hail
(it
(it
hailing).
Pluperfect.
Perfect.
Det
might be
md
hailing).
haglat,
(it
might
Infinitive.
(att)
hagla,
to hail.
Participle.
Past,
Present.
hailing).
hailed
The
det
det
det
det
regnar, it rains.
snoar, it snows.
hlixtrar, it lightens.
finns, there is.
118
Lesson 23.
Interrogative conjugation.
I.
2.
in English.
Ex.:
cir
II.
Negative conjugation.
3.
formed as
is
differs alto-
III.
Interrogative^negative conjugation.
4.
tion
Shall
Har
Words.
history of the
[vai'ddshistco^ria] world
remembrance
minne [min'd']
virtue
dygd [dyg!d]
vdrldshistoria
statsman
man']
[stat's-
statesman
foremdl
[fo'rd-
object,
levnad [le'vnad^]
verksamhet
life
activity
[vasjb'ksamheH]
rdddning[rd"niy^] salvation
hjcilte [jel'td^]
hero
dager [daJodr]
light
egenskap
quality
kunskap
science
[e'gdn-
ska^p]
personlighet[paer- personality
\_St''\
hragd [bragdi]
{kun'-
ska^p]
samhdltsordning
social order
[sam'helsoUdniy]
soj'nlighe^t]
sdtt
aim
mo^l]
way
great deed
drhundrade
[o'r-
hund'dradd]
century
The impersonal
mod
courage
[moxd]
slaveri [^sla'vdri^ slavery
bildning
[bil'd-
119
verbs.
%]
culture
dyrhar
tillvaro \til'va^Ta)\ presence
to leave
efterldmna
\dyr'ha^T\^ dear
spiritual
andlig
~Mg [an'dJZt^']
[a
vdrldslig [v^'j^ds- temporal
[^Ef'tdvUmfna]
dterkalla
[o'tdv-
to recall
hdrlig
ensldld [e'nfiVdl^
[h^'rlig'']
slutlig [slm'tlig^]
kaVai]
splendid
final.
private
Fa manniskor hava i varldshistorien efterlaranat ett sadant namn som Gustav Adolf ett namn som aterkallar minnet
;
varlds
120
Lesson 24.
to hail
to
hagla [ha'gla']
osa ned [0'sa' ne.'d]
pour
to clear
Mama
up
to
[os'ka^^
bad
blixtra \blik'stra']
frysa [frysa']
this
to skate
to
[kla'rna^]
skina [/rna']
thunder
to lighten
to freeze
seem
to destroy
dska
to shine
to
to
skrUdskco]
toa [if0*a']
thaw
hear
synas [s^'nas']
forstora {foRrstotra]
fiora [ho'ra^]
ddlig [do'Iig']
morning
dark
morse
[moji'Sd^']
mork
[mcer!k]
overcast
betdckt, mulen \hdtekit, mm'ldn"].
(Contin. Page 123)
:
What
it
has
bad weather
it
is
pouring.
is
clear up.
nice day.
Twenty-fourth Lesson.
Compound
verbs.
A. Inseparable verbs.
Verbs beginning
2.
prefixes are inseparable:
an-
be-f
hi-,
ent-j
vi forstd, we understand.
jag erbjuder, I offer.
sam-,
Compound
B.
121
verbs.
Separable verbs.
are separable.
adjective
The separable
Domaren
Ex.:
Verbs
4.
figurative
are
preposition
inseparable
generally
Ex.
in the
the
in
proper meaning.
translate.
I
overstep.
Some
avhdnda^
anklaga,
inseparable verbs.
to spoliate
to accuse
frdnkdnna,
nedgora,
Some
hddan-jara,
overwhelm
to help from
dkalla, to invoke
dterspegla, to reflect back
overgiva, to leave, to surrender.
to dispossess
underldta,
fdregiva, to pretend
inverka, to influence
innebdra, to imply (infer.)
tnotvdgay to counterbalance
av-dela, to share
frdn-taga, to carry
to
tillhedja, to worship
separable verbs.
(ejmot-taga, to receive
to hurl down
till-blanda, to bland
ned-hugga,
away
to decease
to dress
over-ldsa, to read through.
in-packa, to pack up
inne-stdnga, to shut in
pd-kldda,
Words.
kallelse [kal'dlsd^'] vocation
strength,
kraft [krafit^
power
Ijus \_jmts]
light
frihet [/rr^e'^]
liberty
forsvarare [/ce^s- defender
vdrv
[vseriv]
Mod
mission, task
\blojid^
fro [/V0/]
blood
seed
krans \kranis\
crown
befriare
bd-
liberator
fritard]
tar [fo.V]
skote [fo'td^]
ojffra
[ofra']
egen [e'gdn']
framstd [fram'-
tear
bosom
to offer
own
to
come
forth
sto']
fullborda
b(o''jida\
\_ful'-
to
fulfil,
achieve
to
Lesson 24.
122
ddel
noble
l^etddT]
skon [fe'n]
beautiful
\m'tfd^ra\ to accomplish
utfora
vdga \vo'ga^'\
knytas \kny'tas^'\
to venture
protestantisk
protestant
to be knotted
bedew
fukta {^fuk'ta^^
tacksam [tak'sam'']
to
akta [ak'ta^^
uppfostra [up'-
to regard
to bring
thankful
upon
up
fajs'tra]
vdlsigna [velsiy.^na] to
bless.
[prco'testanftisk]
Han var den, som inom eget brost kande kallelsen och
kraften att framsta som Ijusets och frihetens forsvarare och
han fullbordade detta heliga varv och beseglade det med sitt
Vad stort, adelt och skont dessa landers hjaltar
eget blod.
;
och snillen hava utfort, bildat och tankt, lag redan som fro
den enda hjaltetanken att for Ijusets seger vaga bade sig
sjalv och sitt folk och detta fro har efter bans dod utvecklat
sig i eviga bragder i statens likasom i snillets varv, vilkas
skonaste blommor ma knytas till en krans at befriarens minne,
en krans, fuktad av hela det protestantiska Europas tacksamma tarar men mest av det folk, som aktades vardigt att
i sitt skote
uppfostra denne hjalte, att med honom offra sitt
blod i den heliga striden, att med honom ga i valsignat
minne till den senaste eftervarld.
i
Conversation.
Words.
clothes
kldder \kletddr]
clothing
overcoat
klddsel [kled^sdl]
tailor
overroc]4^0'vdrrok^]
skrdddare
[skrsd'ard']
trousers
byxor
benkldder
[byk'sayr',
be'n-
IcW'ddr]
waistcoat
vdst
Slipper
toffel [tofidl]
{vesif]
chambermaid kamTnarjungjru
hat
felt hat
straw hat
[karrfarjuy^frm]
hatt \hat\
fiUhatt [fil-thaf]
halmhatt [hal'mhae]
stocking
strumpa
sock
halv strumpa
[stru7n'pa^'\
linen
necktie
[hal'vstrum'pa]
linne \lin'd^'\
halsduk [hal'sdm'k]
pair of braces hdngslen [heyishn]
shoe maker skomakare [skco'-
shoe
boot
ma'kard]
sko [skcof]
stdvel [st0tv9l]
half boot
halvstovel [hal'v-
peasant
bonde [bojn'dd^]
krage Ikra'gd]
manschett [man-
sto'vdl]
collar
cuff
Adverbs.
shirt
slcjorta
glove
handske [han'd-
{^foj'jiia^']
skd']
fur
pals [peHs]
trdng [troyf]
tight
skilful
123
muddy
smutsig [smut'sig^]
slippery
slipprig [sUp'rig']
very hard
mycket StarJet
[myk'df star'kt]
mild [mil'd]
rasar [ra'sar^].
mild
sultry
skicklig [jik'lig']
kvav (kva!v]
stormy
stormig [stor'mig^]
is
raging
(Contin.:
Page 127)
We
to-day.
Twenty-fifth Lesson.
Adverbs.
1. Swedish adverbs are derived from adjectives
Swedish adjectives may become adverbs by placing
them in the neuter.
;
all
2.
Lesson 25.
124
Ex.:
Degrees of comparison.
4.
Adverbs form
their
degrees of comparison
most
hovligast,
politely.
Note. The ^ in the positive form does not occur in the comparative and superlative forms.
Irregular adverbs.
hra, vdl, (good, well)
Adverbs.
125
126
Lesson 25.
han kallade sin ogonsten, som han med sa mycken anstrangning forsvarade mot Wallensteins hotande svard: Niirnberg,
som hade den hugnaden, att det var en av dess invanare,
den unge Leubelfingen, vilken likasom ett ombud av stadens
tacksamhet foljde konungen anda in uti dodsstunden; Niirnberg beslot
Conversation.
British
127
Adverbs.
oldfashioned
gammalmodig
to
bdra
wear
[gam'almoj'dig]
dammig
dusty
to
have
Idtit
made
to button
[dam'ig^]
gora
on
to try
take
to fold
up
menad [proj'mdnaid]
Idgga tillhopa
anstd, passa
[a7i'sto\ pas'a^l
to brush
to take off
borsta [bod'sta^]
avtaga [a'vta'ga]
[ta'ga^
walk
forsoka, prova
[fcersetka, proj'va^]
to suit
to
zjVtz.']
taga pa sig
poi si'g]
to dress
jo'ra^]
{knep'a'
on
[lo'ti^t
kndppa igen
[bas'ra^]
[be'ra'']
to put
[leg'a' tiUhoj'pa^],
to
buy
to beat
kopa
piska
[ge'pa^]
{^pis'ka^\
The
Twenty-sixth Lesson.
List of the principal prepositions.
av^ of
bakom, behind
efter, after
enligt, according
emot, towards
emellan, between
before
framfor,
frdn, from
hos, at
ibland,
.'s
among
igenom, through
innan, before
inom, in, within
med, with
medelst, by means of
oaktadt, in spite of
omkring, about
pa, on
rorande, concerning
sedan, since
128
Lesson
26.
at, to
anskont, notwithstanding
uti, in
over, over.
utom, out
Words.
polhojd
[poj'l-
latitude
hofd
[bserj'-
idrak''t]
olikhet
Skdne
bergstrakt
oj'likhe't] diversity
^sko'n9^]
luftstreck
[luf't-
Scania
strdcka ut
region
to stretch
[^strek'a^ vjuit]
climate
strek^]
just opposite
emco't]
mild [miUd]
dkta [ek'ta^]
Tnajb^k^
kom
\kojijin\
corn
fara
[/a'ra']
risk,
[bserj'-
harvest, crop
frysa hort
to freeze
[fry'sa'' bo'r't]
%]
betydlig \bdty'd- fimportant
{hdskafidnhe't]
lig^^
motas
[al'striysfcer-
[me'tas']
[considerable
to meet with
mo''ga]
nedre [ne'drd]
[frco'das'] to thrive
ovre [o^vrd]
upper
frodig [froj'dig^] luxuriant
to be precious
brddmogna
frodas
[bro'dmoj'gna]
danger
niy']
heskajfenhet
mild
real, very, ge-
nuine
\imul'hjLstre''^^
rag \rotg'\
rye-(seed)
seed
sdde [^SE'dd^^
'mark
[Lap Lappland
Lapp
hdrgning
mountainous
lower
med
En
hastigare forandring i naturlig beskaffenhet och alstringsformaga finnes ej i Sverige, iin emellan Skane och
Smaland. Detta kommer av det senares betydliga hojd over
havet, som gor den smalandska bergstrakten nilstan till ett
Norrland mitt i Gota rike. Den fran soder resande motes
forst hiir av verklig nordisk natur.
Adverbs.
129
Conversation.
Vad ar Skane?
Aro vintrarne i Skane mildare an
i
Tyskland?
denna provins?
Hum manga manader behover ragen for att mogna?
Ar det stor skillnad mellan naturen i Skane och Smaland?
Vad kommer detta av?
Words,
constitution
statsforfattning
[sta'tsfoRvfat^nixi]
councilors of statsrddsherre
state
[sta'tsrad'sh^rd]
fiotta
army
hdr
the Swedish
den svenska
to
comply
to
command hefalla
chambers
riks-
[svsn'ska'
[rik'sdagso^rdniy]
Chamber
kam'a-
Ifcer'sta'^
citizen
borgare
to
choose
vdlja
genomfora
responsible
nomfo^ra]
ansvarig for
for
[an'dra^
military service
under the
militdrtjdnst \mi'lite'rgen'st]
under
gering
reign
[je*-
\^an' sva''rig']
to
improve
forbdttra
[foer-
bet'ra]
Andra Kammaren
Chamber
[bor'jar9^]
[vel'ja']
to carry out
rd^n]
the Second
[6a/aZ*a']
k(on)ungarike
[ko'nuyari'kd]
kammare[kam'ar9']
riksdag sordning
the First
villfara [vil'fa'ra]
kingdom
rik'sda'gdn]
diet-bill
[Isy.'d]
steam ship
dnghdt {oyhoH^
national edu- folkundervisning
cation
[fol'kunddrvi'sniy]
{flot'a''^
\hetr]
dag en
diet
langd
length
to
read
to write
to respect
to admire
Idsa [le'sa']
skriva [skri'va']
hogakta[h0'g ak^ta]
beundra
s re-
[uniddr
rdje!ri7)]
reforms
fdrhdttringar
railways
[fcerbet'riy^ar]
jdrnvdgar [jx'xnvs'gar]
[bdun'-
dra']
to receive
to
mottaga[mojt'aga^]
be proud of vara stolt over
[stoltt]
imperishable oforgdnglig
[co'fcerjey'lig].
Sweden
governed by a king.
The king should comply with the
cillors
of
is
state
It is
an old monarchy.
The Coun-
Constitution.
execution of laws.
The king commands the fleet and army. The Swedish Diet
consists in two chambers. According to the Diet-bill of 1866
the first Chamber is composed of the richest and most learned
men of the kingdom the second Chamber, of citizens chosen
;
Lesson 27.
130
Swedish
country.
Twenty-seventh Lesson.
List of the principal conjunctions.
anting en
att, that
hade
och, both
men, but
ndmligen, namely
och, and
and
dock, though
da, as, when
ehuru, although
eljest, otherwise
ocksd, also
if, whether
sdledes, thus
eller, or
an
emedan,
(viz.)
om,
ty, for
Jivarfore, why
likvdl, nevertheless
some-
Words.
bevis
\^b9vi!s]
kalkgrund
proof
[s natm'r]
sin like [si'n
nature
bok [bojfk]
lund [lun^d]
beech
bolja [bol'ja^]
wave
bordighet
fecundity
[bce'r-
grove, thicket
knappast
[kna-
scarcely
p'ast'l
ovan
above
\o'va^n'\
enstaka [ensta'-ka]
lonely,isolated
orolig
likvdl
unsettled
[cj'rco'lig^
equally
[lik've'l]
bdda [bo'da']
utmdrkt [m't-
both
remarkable
7nser^kt]
dighett]
bergsrorelse
grun'd^
anseende
till
with regard to
an'sedn^do til]
around
mellerst [mel'dJLst] most central
dessutom [dss'ui^- moreover
kring [kriy!]
torn]
mining
in-
gynna
[jyn'a']
to favour
lycklig [lyk'lig^]
happy, lucky
vdlgorande
beneficial
niy']
inflytelse [in'fly'-
influence
jo'randd]
forvdna [foer
mountainous
\to wonder
vdxtlighet [vek'st- vegetation
[basr'jro'rdlsd]
dustry
vo-'na]
tdlsd]
bergig [bserjig']
lig^het]
[ve'l
rto astonish
Adverbs.
131
hogre.
Vatterns
till
Siljan
(t.
ex.
som
Rattvik) en vaxtlighet,
forvanar.
Conversation.
till
Kalmar skon?
Words.
great powers stormakter
head
[stco'r-
at the
rytteri
regiment
makHdr]
cavalry
kavalleri,
infanteri
[fco'tfol^k,
in'-
fantdri^l
artilleri {^ctr'tihrii']
artillery
horse-soldier ryttare [ryfard^]
foot-soldier
fotsoldat
[fco't-
soldaH]
victory
seger [se!gdr]
field-marshal fdltmarskalk
troops
discipline
colonel
regemente
[re'jd
sergeant
corporal
cornet
menttd]
kapten [kaptetn]
lojtnant [loftnan't
sergeant [s^rfanH
korpral [korpra'l
kornett \kornEti']
garrison
garnison
captam
fotfolk,
spetsen for
[spet'sdn]
\ksLvaVdritj ryt'd-
infantry
lieutenant
[gar'ni-
sajfTi]
volunteer
recruit
frivillig [fri'vilHg]
rekryt [rdkrytt]
declaration of krigsforklaring
war
\krig' sfoRrkMrirj]
[fd'tmarfark]
trupp [trup']
discipUn
[di'siplUn]
dragoon
dragon
overste [o'vdrstd^l^
cuirass
kyrass {kyrasi^
\draga)tn^^
132
Lesson
helmet
sword
hjdlm Yjdim']
svdrd [sv^.^rd]
gun
gevdr [JdVEtr]
cartridge-box patrorikok [pair congo'k]
haversack
mat-tornister
to
underhdlla
ddrhoVa]
keep
to stand
to defend
kdmpa
vinna
lance
laiis [lan^s]
pistol
to exercise
pistol [pistojH]
utova [m'te'va]
to
arm
vdpna
to
equip
utrusta
to fear
\ma't-tornisHdr\
to fight
to win
28.
\un'-
[cem'pa^]
to bear
frukta [fruk'ta^\
avvdpna [a'vep^na]
hdra [&'ra']
strict
strdng
obligatory
ohligatorisk
to
disarm
[vin'a']
[streif);']
{ph'li-
gatojirisk]
std [sto']
forsvara
Xvsp'na^"]
\m^trus^ta^^
compulsory
tvingande
[foers-
[tviyan'dd].
va'ra]
bear a sword.
Twenty-eighth Lesson.
List of the principal interjections.
ack!
alas!
anfdicta! plague!
gtid nd's! alas!
fy! fie!
hva! hva sa!
st! hush!
tag mot! look here!
hvadan! what!
hm!
say!
ah!
ha! ha!
hey!
topp! agreed!
lappri! nonsense!
tro
min sann!
usch! oh!
really! faith!
it!
Adverbs.
Words.
hem
\hemf\
133
134
135
Twenty-ninth Lesson.
The construction of sentences.
I. Order of the words.
A. Place of the subject.
The subject
1.
is
generally placed:
a)
tences.
Ex.
jag laser
read
fadern sjong
not sing.
Do you
Note.
word
When
manner
Ex.:
Hon
dr ju nojdf she
is
Exceptions.
a)
1.
2.
The subject
When
is
the object.
Ex. Det huset har min fader kopt.
:
My
2.
(this
house
my
father
Nu
skola vi gd
till
sdngs.
Now we
3.
an attributive adjective.
Ex.
is
powerful! (powerful
is
God!)
c)
In exclamations.
Ex.: Leve drottningen!
136
Lesson 29.
Ex.:
When
the
indirect
objective case
is
preceded
by a preposition the direct objective case should immediately be placed after the verb.
Ex.:
at Idrjungen.
Like
a noun is
the noun.
Ex.
to the boy.
in
Min fader s
11.
hus,
my
father's house.
Order of clauses.
Om
should be acquitted.
When a subordinate sentence precedes the prinsentence, both are generally united by the conjunction ^Sa which is not rendered in English.
Ex.: Ndr hamet fick se sin moder, sd borjade det att le.
c)
cipal
When
its
mother,
it
began
to
smile.
Words.
godhet
{^gojtdhet']
tjdnsteande
kindness
ro
serving spirit
medlem
[gen'stdan'dd]
rest, repose
[me'dlem^] member
vdrldsliv [vse'jids- world's life
[rojf]
frid \_fri'd^
peace
trevnad [tre'vnad^] comfort
rot \ro)it^
leende Ue'dn^dd]
gudsjruktan
gubbe
[gub'd^]
root
smile
old man
li'v]
life
im
\_gut'sfrukHan\
fear of
God
The
tapperhet
gro
bravery
[tap.'dv-
{gra)f\
viga
[^frara'kaV'a]
fdrkvdva [foerk-
to
to bless
[vrga^'l
n/juta
bitter
to shoot
earnest
%]
condition
hitter \hitt9r\
[aZ* va'r-
allvarlig
to call forth
framkalla
137
construction of sentences.
to
\njwi'ta''']
Umiv]
Jiembygd [hem
Ijuv
choke up
V.'va]
enjoy
delightful
native land.
hyg'd;\
tapperhet.
Conversation.
hemmet?
lemmar?
Vad liknar hemmet?
Vad motsvarar nordens hem
de sydliga landerna?
fddemesland
native
[frddmdslan'd]
fosterland
country
sacrifice
uppoffring
fosterjord
[fco'stdrjcoUd]
dra
[s'ra']
fosterlandskdrlek
[fcos'tdrlands-
[fcos'tarlaa^d]
[up-ofriy']
native land
glory
patriotism
gse'rlek]
love
kdnsla
karlek
attachment
tillgivenhet
sentiment
[(gen'sla'''\
[f^rZe'fc]
Vdnhet]
[til'ji'-
Lesson 29.
138
fidelity
troliet \tra)thet]
to protect
devotion
hdngivenhet \h'n-
on
danger
duty
fara
skydda Uyd'a']
"
war
bt [kri'gskrigsfoi
establish-
gi'vdnhet]
civil
the
ment
[fa'ra']
medhorgerlig plikt
[me'dbor'jdrlig
to contribute
hidraga [bi'dra'ga]
prosperity
framgdng [fram'-
to require
to prevail
fordra [fco'rdra']
rdda [ro'cZa']
forena [/ore/na]
plik't]
social duty
samhdlsplikt
[sam'helsvUk't]
to love
dlska {el'ska^']
on the peace, pa fredsfot
establish-
ment
[fred'sfoj^t]
to unite
to threaten
hota
[hoj'ta''']
to travel
resa
[re'sa^]
to stay
stanna
[start' a'].
We
139
Readings,
1.
En
frukost pa Medelhavet.
tycktes tillhora uppvaktningen. Det var D.D. K.K. H.H. hertigen och hertiginnan av Ostergotland, som med sina barn
skuUe resa till Nizza, for att dar tillbringa vintermanaderna.
Tva? Omojligt!
M kan hava ratt, det ser omojligt
tenen;
slippa vi
med
ut,
medgav kap-
anmarkte den
uppvaktande forargad.
Kaptenen smalog medlidsamt och vande ryggen till.
Men det ar hoga personer ombord, anmarkte den
uppvaktande.
svar.
folk,
och gods ar en
talig
Emeller-
140
tid
Readings.
sin hytt
Men
besvarligt klattrande over tunnor och balar.
hertigen foredrog att vistas pa dack, avvaktande med latt begriplig otalighet stunden for avresan, vilken lange lat vanta
efter
ett
morgonen kande
fanns ombord.
kaptenen, men huruvida han da avkastade anonyVill Ni och Ert sallskap halla till
ej bekant.
godo med vad jag har att bjuda pa, sade kaptenen, sa ar
Ni hjartligen valkommen. Min frukost vantar redan .
Prinsen tackade forbindligt och intradde med sin kavaljer
i
kaptenens hytt, dar en frukost serverades, som visst icke
var att forakta. Men det drojde icke lange forran en fjarde
person visade sig i samma hytt. Det var en lang ung man,
sotig och flottig fran hjassa till fot, men som icke desto mindre
belt obesvarat tog plats bland de andra vid bordet och del-
sprak
med
miteten
tog
ar
med
For
Ni en ypperlig franska,
yttrade kaptenen till prinsen.
Vem har sagt Er, att jag ar rysk amiral ? fragade
prinsen; jag har den aran vara svensk amiral och ar fullkomligt belaten darmed. Men att jag talar franska ar mindre
underligt, nar jag i min slakt haft icke mindre an tva franska
marskalker.>
Tva franska marskalker, upprepade kaptenen med en
viss andakt, och vilka aro de?
Eugene och Bemadotte! svarade prinsen.
Bernadotte! upprepade anyo kaptenen och gjorde stora
ogon, dem han oupphorligen flyttade mellan prinsen och maskinisten, vilken sednare ocksa fick stora ogon.
0m Ni ar en Bernadotte, tertog kaptenen, sa kan
jag har p^ stallet presentera for Er en nara slakting, Monsieur De la Graise, maskinist pa min bat och sonson av en
syster till marskalk Bernadotte.*
De
mycket
ett
odets lotter
141
Readings.
vanligt,
oss.
Huru-
vid
tillfallet
nagra
gemensamma basta.
Mahanda tankte han ocksa pa huru den, som av odet ar
bestamd att foresta det stora maskineri, som kallas staten och
varav an fleras val och liv bero, jamval ofta nog far stekas
vid sakta eld och mera an en gang torka sin panna.
August Blanche.
2.
Karl den tolvte tog vid femton ars alder riket i arv efter
En lang foljd av fredliga ar och en kraftfuU
sin fader.
styrelse hade da bragt Sverige till en valmaga, som det
under hela arhundradet forut hade saknat, och utsikterna for
framtiden voro lovande.
Men det spordes snart, att den unge konungen tankte
mera pa lekar och nojen, an pa allvarliga varv. Dock voro
lekarne sadana, som tydde pa nagot ovanligt. Det var hans
lust att pa en yster hast flyga fram over de farligaste stigar
och forgaves sokte da hans faders gamle tjanare varna honom. Jakten var ock ett av den unge kung Karls huvudnojen; men det djur, som isynnerhet jagades av honom, var
bjornen, och de vapen, som da anvandes, voro icke skjutvapen,
utan hogafflar och pakar
Da Sveriges grannar horde, att pa den svenska tronen
satt en yngling, som endast roade sig, trodde de ratta tidpunkten var inne att utfora de fientliga planer, som de lange
nart. I Ryssland harskade da en kraftfull furste, Tsar Peter,
som gjort till sin uppgift att hoja sitt rike till en stormakt
i Europa.
Till det andamalet ville han berova Sverige dess be;
142
Readings.
mot
Sverige.
Just nar konung Karl
nojen vid Kungsor, kom
som
hade,
trots
Readings.
143
svenska haren framat. Konungen i sin enkla blaa rock befann sig ytterst pa vanstra flygeln, och honom foljde narmast
bans drabanter, en utvald trupp av ett hundra femtio man,
som anfordes av Arvid Horn. Nagot till hoger om konungen
gick Magnus Stenbock med dalkarlarne ocb sa bela den
ovriga haren.
haftig
blast, som drev framfor sig ett tjockt, men enstaka moln med
ett sa tatt snoglopp, att ryssarne, som hade detsamma mitt
i
ogonen, icke kunde se trettio till fyrtio steg framfor sig.
ville uppskjuta anfallet till ovadret
sade konungen, vi hava mera gagn an
Nej,
skada darav.
gatt
Ryssarne, som trott, att Karl dragit sig tillbaka, och som
sedermera forblindades av det starka snogloppet, anade ocksa
ingenting, forran svenskarne voro pa blott femtio stegs avstand fran vallarne. Da forsvann aven till alias forundran
snomolnet med ens, och vid det ater frambrytande solskenet
stortade svenskarne mot forskansningen. Gravarna fylldes av
medforda risknippor, och vallarne bestegos. Ryska linjen brots
och kastades at sidorna. Detta var gjort inom en fjardedels
timma, och genom den tillvagabragta oppningen sprangde
svenska rytteriet fram att understodja fotfolket.
I borjan sokte val ryssarne forsvara sig; men bestortningen over svenskarnes underbart hastiga anfall och deras
utomordentliga mod spred sig allt, mer, och snart sprungo
de som skramda far om varandra.
Manga sokte pa sidan
om svenskarne fly undan till skogs. Men da motte dem Karl
sjalv i spetsen for drabanter och dragoner och jagade dem
tillbaka in
trangseln.
vild
144
Readings.
Nu
slag.
intraffade
De
hogra
till
flygel modet och skickade ett par officerare att begara forskoning. Nu inbrot morket och blev sa tjockt, att striden ej
langre kunde fortsattas, utan konungen lat giva tecken till
dess upphorande. En var sokte nu vila, bast han kunde,
ingen fick avlagsna sig. Karl gick med annu genomvata klader till en vakteld, som gardessoldaterna uppgjort,
och lade sig dar pa en kappa, som man utbredt over marken.
Med huvudet i knaet pa en bland bussarne, tog han en kort
och behovlig vila.
Snart kommo tvanne af ryssarnes anforare for att underhandla. De anmaldes for Karl, dar denne lag vid vaktelden.
Overenskommelsen uppgjordes snart. Ryssarne, utan kanne-
men
som
145
Readings.
hade ingen
likval
se
ett
modiga
ut.
Med
blottade
3.
som
infallit
Livland.
Da
vi
man, som Sverige frambragt, aro for dem antingen till namnet okanda, eller ock anses de ej sallan bava tillhort nagot
annat folk.
Det finnes dock ett svenskt namn, vilket for ingen bildad person inom hela varlden torde vara obekant, och vilket
darfor mycket bidragit att gora Sverige kant ocb aktat i
frammande land. Det namnet ar Linn6, och det namnet
namnes med vordnad och beundran over hela jordklotet, var
Da bor ock varje svensk
heist bildade manniskor finnas.
kanna detta namn ocb veta, vem den man var, som gjort det
sa ryktbart.
I en av sodra Smalands vackraste trakter ligger, ej langt
ifran Skanes grans, Stenbrobults socken. Komministersbostallet
inom denna socken beter Rasbult, och bar, i en ringa och
oansenlig koja, foddes den 23 maj 1707 en gosse, som i dopet
erboU namnet Karl. Fadern, en fattig komminister vid namn
Nicolaus Linnaeus, vilken sedermera blev kyrkoherde i forsamlingen, var en stor alskare av blommor och anlade en for den
tiden vacker tradgard, i vilken den lille gossen redan ifran
sina spadaste ar inbamtade en livlik karlek for blomstervarlden
en karlek, som sedan forskaffade honom plats bland
varldens namnkunnigaste man, men tillika tillskyndade honom
mangen sorglig och bitter stund.
Detta fick ban redan som skolgosse erfara. Hos den unge
Karl Linnaeus var bagen for naturens studium sa stor, att densamma bos honom borttog all lust for lasandet av de gamla
IQ
146
Readings.
147
Readings.
mangd
utlandska,
som han
for
honom
forut
frammande
orter.
En
forr
ej
skadat,
blomman
for att medfora henne sasom ett minne fran lyckligare dagar, da han annu vagade hoppas pa en framtid, agnad
at
naturvetenskaperna.
Da hordes plotsligen en barsk stamma, som hejdade hans
Da Linnaeus vande sig om, sag han framfor sig en
hand.
vordig prastman, doktor Olof Celsius den aldre, vilken efter
nagra fragor snart uppskattade Linnaei stora insikter, och da
han sjalv var sysselsatt med utarbetandet av ett verk om de
i bibeln omtalade vaxterna och dartill
ansag sig kunna fa god
hjalp av Linnaeus, sa upptog han honom i sitt hus, sa att den
fattige studenten snart med gladje sag sig kunna fortsatta sina
studier.
10*
148
Readings.
i
att visa honom sin vanskap, samt oppet erden unge svenskens larjungar; rika man tavlade
att forstracka honom medel och gora bans vistande i Holland
behagligt samt bekostade bans resor till England och Frank-
med varandra
kande
sig vara
Mn
olika land
Frankrike, Holland, England, Tyskrike;
kommo frikostiga anbud, om han ville nedland, Spanien
satta sig darstades och undervisa ungdomen vid darvarande
universitet. Men Linnseus var svensk och alskade for mycket
sitt fadernesland for att lockas av frammande guld; han 1am-
nade
alia
franvaro
till sitt
vid
sin
hemkomst
skulle
mottagas, sasom
val kunnat vanta,
sa
stor
man sager,
men sa blev
med oppna
Readings.
149
hog
att
frambringa.
Aven
150
Readings.
tvartom fortfarande hogt skattas for allt det utmarkta de inneliksom i allt manskligt nagra fel
aven om i dem
och oriktigheter hava insmugit sig.
I dessa Linnes talrika arbeten finnas alia da for tiden
kanda naturforemal namngivna, beskrivna och pa sadant satt
ordnade, att en var latteligen kan med tillhjalp av dessa
skrifter bestamma de naturforemal, som ban antraffar.
Men
darjamte sokte Linne att pa allt satt utreda och sprida kannedom om de sarskilda naturalstrens forekomst, levnadssatt,
nytta ocli anvandande m. m., utan vilket allt naturvetenskaperna skulle hava nedsjunkit blott till en namnkunskap.
Otaliga aro de nya upptackter och iakttagelser, som finnas
nedlagda i dessa arbeten, och ej mindre viktiga aro bans
vederlaggningar av en mangd oriktiga och vidskepliga forestallningar, som forut varit allmant gangse. Hartill fordrades
Sa t. ex
ej blott kunskaper, utan aven mangen gang mod.
svavade till och med Linnes liv i fara, da ban i Hamburg
visade, att en dar forvarad flygande drake med sju huvud,
som blivit said for en summa av tio tusen mark, ej var annat
an bedrageri, och att dylika djur ej finnas till 1 naturen, utan
halla,
blott
aven for att atnjuta bans undervisning. Ja, till och med
danskar, tyskar, engelsman. schweizare, fransman, ryssar, islandingar och amerikanare infunno sig for att av homom bora
tolkas naturens under sa, som endast han forstod det.
sig
till
annan vetenskap.
Sa satt Liun6 som en vetenskapernas konung i Upsala.
och bans blomsterspiras makt strackte sig over hela den bildade varlden. Jordens maktige furstar och furstinnor ansago
det som en ara att sta i beroring med honom, och fran alia
151
Readings.
hitll
insandes till honom skatter av naturalster for att bestammas och beskrivas. Sjalv utsande ban till varldens avlagsnaste trakter larjungar for att darifran hemfora dittills okanda
naturalster; manga bland dem folio val under sina resor offer
for sjukdomar, modor och forsakelser, men sa stor var den
hag,
man
de hedersbetygelser,
han harleda sig
Tvartom
att i sina skrifter satta sig sjalv i forsta rummet.
andas de alia den djupaste vordnad, den oinskranktaste undergivenhet for naturens herre; overallt soker han blott framvisa Guds godhet och allvishet. Da han gjort nagon viktig
och storartad upptackt, forhaver han sig icke darover, utan
utbristor i glad odmjukhet: Jag sag skuggan av Herren, den
allsmaktige, svava forbi, och jag hapnade av vordnad och
beundran. Hans valsprak, som han bokstavligen alltid hade
for ogonen, inristat ovanfor sin dorr, lydde sa; Lev rattAr det underligt, om en sadan man
radig, Gud ser dig^
vinner sin samtids beundran och karlek?
Hundra ar aro snart forflutna, sedan Gustaf den tredje
infor rikets stander klagade over den oersattliga forlust: som
Sverige genom Linnes bortgang lidit, och mycket har sedan
dess forandrats. Men det, som ej forandrats, ar den beundran, som av hela den bildade varlden agnas Sveriges storste
vetenskapsman, Karl von Linne. Arligen fira naturens vanner
i vitt
skilda land arsdagen av bans fodelse, och otaliga aro
de, som med odmjukt sinne stannat vid bans grav i Upsala
domkyrka eller intratt i bans enkla boning pa Hammarby,
nu tyst och undangomd, men for hundra ar sedan det stalle,
varifran vetenskapens sol klart stralade over hela jorden.
I vara barrskogars djupaste skugga doljer sig en liten
vaxt, som fr^n en krypande stjalk hojer sina Ijusroda, klocklika blommor. Kar for alia ar denna blomma, Linnoea borealis,
ty hon bar Linnes namn. Standigt friska och gronskande aro
hennes blad, enkla och ansprakslosa hennes blommor, men
dock tjusar hon alia och fyller den omgivande nejden vitt och
brett med en mild vallukt. Hari kunde man se en bild av
Th. Fries.
Linne sjalv och bans ara.
Innocue
vivito,
till
del,
numen
men
adest.
sig at
aldrig lat
Poems,
Vagen.
Mitt liv ar en vag,
Som rores en tid
I svallande tag,
Vid vindarnas strid.
Hon
Till ro
Kan
K. A. Nikander.
V&rylsa.
Nu
Da
allt vill
D^
gullstankt
fjaril
i parken,
rosen gungar,
sina ungar
Poems.
153
gronan^ skog.
sig ror
Kom min
Och
folj
mig ut
F, Dalgren.
Tradgardsflickan.
Blomman
ar
min van
an,
Blomman
ar
min van,
blomma
bla!
Larkan
pa,
slar de Ijuva slagen.
Lilla blomma rod!
Ar du redan dod?
obsolete form of the dative case.
Poems.
154
Det for
bitti
ar pa dagen.
An
Larkan
blomma jag
Vissnar ock en dag.
Det gar mig, som eder andra.
Varens dar forga,
Sjalv en
Kort
Lat OSS alska
Svarta natten
Glada lat oss
Sjalv
ar m,in ocksa.
da varandra.
sin blund,
W.
BUttiger.
Flyttfaglarna.
Da
Och
till
fadernejorden,
med himmelens
Men
vi fara fria
Och
Dar
Dar
Dar
skyar.
Men
ater
sitt gull in
i
i
kvallen,
fjiillen.
155
Poems.
Till
Till
Dar langta
E. Tegner.
Martyrerne.
(Extract.)
Flavins.
Skon ar
Da i
Som
I
du beder.
du, nar
ditt oga,
liljans
och
krona,
tempelsalen.
Stralar glansa
ditt anlete
skimrar
som en marmorbild
att bedja.
Perpetua.
om
stoftet
Anden
blott,
Kom
hit emellertid.
Jag
vill
dig visa,
Stagnelius.
Ur
rritjofs Saga".
kvinna, kvinna
forsta tanke,
Den
nu Frithjof sade.
som Loke
hade,
Med dygd av
Poems.
156
I hjartat flarden
ej
minnas sa langt
tillbaka,
leken
ej
E. Tegner.
Appendix.
1.
The universe.
Viirldsalltet.
Landet.
The country.
arrendegdrden, the farm
trddgdrden, the garden
kvarnen, the mill
3.
spannmdl, corn
rdgen, the rye
kornet, the barley
t;e^eif, the wheat
granen, the
fir-tree
violblomman, the
stockgilly-
[flower
violet
the pansy
fdrgdtmigejen, the forget-me-not
styfmorsblomman,
158
Appendix.
4.
Fyrfotadjur.
Quadrupeds.
hunden, the dog
hJ or ten, the stag
rddjuret, the rose
gemsen, the chamois
haven, the hare
5,
Birds.
Faglar.
Fiskar, Insekter.
0.
the partridge
rapphonan,
Fishes, insects.
the toad
paddan,
sutaren,
,,
,^
hummern,
the lobster
flugan, the
fly
Staden.
The towu.
tornet, the tower
klockstapeln, the steeple
domkyrkan,
the cathedral
159
Appendix.
Huset.
8.
dorren,
the door
Z<2,9e^, the lock
nyckeln, the key
trappan, the staircase
rummet, the room
Mobler.
The house.
^a^'ei^, the ceiling
golvet, the floor
klockan, the bell
spisen, the chimney
koket, the kitchen
kdllaren, the cellar
spannmdlsboden,tloLe
10.
benkldder,
7. .-^^
byxor,
strumpan,
?
J
,i
^ trowsers
^ ^^^
the
.
the stocking
Kladning.
granary
Furniture.
loft
Clothing.
160
Appendix.
mdnniskan,
(the)
Kroppen.
man
hjdman,
12.
frukost, breakfast
middag, dinner
kvdllsvarden, supper
ftroc?, bread
wJoZ, meal, flour
soppan, the soup
the vegetables
fronsakerna,
0^^, meat
s^e/b,
roast-meat
oxkott, beef
fdrkott, mutton
kalvkott, veal
fldsk, pork
skinkan, (the)
ham
The body.
halsen, the neck
skuldran, the shoulder
magen,
armen^
honor, beans
VOCABULARY.
Explanation
of the signs and abbreviations used
The
five
The
four
the Vocabulary.
in
declensions of substantives are designated by the numbers 1., 2., 3., 4. and 5. followed by the terminal definite article in
the singular and the flexion of the indefinite form in the plural.
Ex. fana, 1. -n, -or
flag (the flag, flags).
figures
II.,
I.,
of verbs are
conjugations
III. and IV.
designated by the
Roman
The sign placed after the Roman figures means that the verb
belongs to the third group of the strong verbs and is quite irregular.
The sign -1~ means that the noun has no plural. The sign
means, that the plural is similar to the singular.
adv.
adverb, conj.
adj.
adjective,
conjunction, prep.
=
=
preposition,
past part.
pres.
imp.
present,
s,
past participle,
imperfect,
singular,
pi.
sup.
supine,
plural.
Swedish-English.
A
Ackja,
adder a,
1.
I.
addition,
allvarlig, adj.
3. -en,
addition
[a'cfZa'J, to
aftonvard, 3. -en,
adla,
I.
s^n7;s/cermo'^a],productiveness
alunskiffer, 2. -n, ffrar [a'lun-
ennoble
-er
[af'ton-
ment
aldrig, adv.
amerikanare, 5. -n,
katnard], American
amiral,
-en,
-er
[am'm-
[am'iraH],
ana,
[a'na'], to have a presentiment of, to surmise
I.
\^al'drig^'\,
never
anbud,
andakt,
solely
commonness;
in
general,
[al'ra'],
by
[an'bm'd'],
5. -et,
3. -en,
adj.
[al' smek'tig'],
(so).
spirit,
mind
anfalla, IV.
to
II.
{^an'faV'a'],
[anfoe^ra],
command
5. -n,
to attack
to
lead,
[arr/ce'rara],
leader, conductor
offer
[^andat],
devotion(s)
I. [an'das'], to breathe
ande [a], 2. -en, -ar [an'dd'],
anforare,
perlative)
-er
andas,
anfora,
generally
allsmaktig,
omnipotent
3.
admiral
allra
\^al'va^rlig'], serious,
solemn, grave
alpstav, 2. -en, -ar [alpsta'v],
alpenstock
[duce
alster, 5. alstret [^alistdr'], pro-n [aV1.
alstringsformdga,
11
162
Vocabulary.
anhdngare,
5.
-?i,
\sLn'hifard\
partisan
I.
ankomst,
[an'kla'ga], to accuse
[an'kom'st],
3. -en,
arrival
anlete, 4.
-^,
II.
anldgga,
-n [an'le'td], face
[^an'leg^a^ to put
on, to establish
anmdla,
II.
[aTi'm^'Za]
an-
to
nqunce
ob-
serve
annan,
annat(n),
andra
(pi.)
vertisement
annonsera,
[an'o2;se.Va], to ad-
I.
III.
[ari'se'], to
look upon,
to consider
4. -^, -\- [an'se^dndd],
till,
consideration, regard; i
in consideration of
anseende,
ansikte, 4.
-t,
-n [^an'sikHd], face,
+ [an"s?;aV],
res-
ponsibility
ansvarig,
adj.
[awstJaW^'], res-
ponsible
anvdndning,
physician
assume
to
[a'dta^],
inheri-
\_ariv],
tance
att
av
-ar
2. -n,
[ar'vir/d'], heir
an
[a^.H, to
(before
\aiv] [pi^v)], of
5.
-e^,
infinitive)
[^a'vhrot^ in-
terruption
avhryta, IV. [a*i;6r2/'fa], to inter-
rupt
2.
avdelning,
-e?i,
-ar
[avc^e'Z-
m'l/], division
[a'vgo'], to
avgd. III.
off
go
[a'vgoys-
5. e^,
avgdngshetyg,
II.
avgora,
[a'vjo^ra'], to settle,
to decide
I. [a'^Aras'^a], to throw off
avlida, IV. [a^'Z^'(ZaJ, to decease
avliden, adj. [a"i;Zi'cZ9/i], deceased
avldgsen, adj. \^a'vlek^sdn\, distant, remote
avkasta,
avldgsna,
I.
[a'vUk'sna],
to
re-
move
countenance
ansvar,
^si^J
"bdty^g^ testimonial
vertise
[an'ony'anonymitet, 3. -e/i,
miYe/f], anonymousness
anse.
I.
a certain quality
ary, 5. -et (arven)
avhrott,
II. [ari*7Wr'fca], to
anmdrka,
cies
arta,
arvinge,
to arrive
11. [an'Zfn'cZa],
2. -en,
3. -en,
art,
anklaga,
anldnda,
arm,
avresa,
avresa,
[a'vre^sa], to depart
n.-or [a'vre'sa], depar-
II.
1.
ture
[a'vse'],
avseende,
4.
-f,
arse,
-ri
have in
to
[a'vse'dndd],
respect, regard
avsikt, 3. -en, -er [a'vsik't], intention
avskdra,\Y. [a'vfse^ra], to cut off
5.
avstdnd,
-ef,
[a*i;sfor?/cZl,
distance
avsomna,
I.
[av's^m^na], to go to
sleep
avsdnda,
off,
to
II.
[a'vsoi'cZa], to send
forward
avsdtta,
pose
II.
avkasta,
I.
[a't'Sf^'a],
[a'i^/cas'^a],
to
te
de-
throw
off
avsdttning,
2.
-en,
-ar
[a't?5^*-
n%], deposition
avtdga, I. [a'v^o'^a], to retreat
avvakta, I. [a't'-ya/c'^a], to await
163
Swedish-English.
\hatd\ bath
\ha'gard^'\, baker
had, 5.
hagare,
-et,
bakom,
5. -n,
embalming
bamburor, 5. -et,
ro^r], bamboo
1.
bana,
way
path,
band,
[bam'bm-
-or [6'na'],
-n,
5. -et,
[6an/d],
1)
road,
band
2) ribbon; 3) volume
adj.
[barba'risk],
barbarisk,
barbarous, barbary
barn,
5.
et,
barnslig, adj.
[fta'^nsZz^^'],
2. -en,
filial,
-ar [ftar'sArw^^],
rude
-er [bate.'r{],
bat-
batteri, 3.
tery
on,
till,
-e^,
II.
[&962/^'a'],
to build
bebyggare,
5. -n,
to
\b^byg'ar^'^'\,
inhabitant
\be'dja^\
-en,
-er
to
beg,
Ibddriff],
deed
bedrageri,
-er [bddre'gd-
3. -e^,
2.
befattning,
command,
-ar [6a/af-
-en,
liberator
5. -e^,
com-
behova,
II.
need
[6a^0.'t*a], to
bekvdm,
adj.
commo-
[69A;z;.'m],
commodious
5. -(Vje^,
[^99^m!dr}, sorrow, care
beldgen, adj. [^^Z^.'^an], situated
beldgenhet, 3. -en, -er [bdle'gdn-
Aa'?;ara],
begiva, IV.
beldgga,
II.
[ftaZe^.^a],
-n,
commanding
officer
[SajziJa'], to repair
II. (IV.) [bdgra'va'], to
begrava,
bury
begravning,
to over-
lay, to cover
bergig, adj.
tainous
gangue
[bxr'jig'],
-er
3. -en,
bergstrakt,
mountainous
country
bergsrorelse,
3.
-n,
moun{bser'js-
tract, hilly
-r
[6^r-js-
roe'rdlsd]
command
[69/fZ-
[bdfe'l],
5.
befdlhavare,
nf??'],
plea-
fortable
trak't],
ri.% deceit
befalla, II. [6a/a?'a'], to
to order
befdl,
[bdha'g],
rock, veinstone,
bedja, IV.
to pray
bedrift, 3.
feat,
-et,
desire,
he't}, situation
bebygga,
bekymmer,
fir-forest
barsk,
5.
venient,
[baUn], child
childlike
barrskog,
behag,
to
[69j/ra],
to require
sa'meriyli,
II.
begdra,
2. -en,
-ar [&a^ra*v-
burial
besanna,
I.
[basan^a], to confirm,
to affirm
beskaffenhet,
3.
-en,
-{-
[bd-
skaf!dnhe't] , nature ,
quality,
condition
[scribe
IV.
beskriva,
[bdskri^va], to de-
ll*
164
Vocabulary.
upon
to
bestow
[bdslid't], decision
[hdslvitta\ to decide
5. -et
besluty
hesluta, I.
heslaktad, adj. \hdslekttad\ kindred
hestiga, IV. \hestitga], to ascend,
to climb, to
mount
bestdmd,
termine, to define
besok, 5. -e^,
[ftasa'/c], visit
besoka, II. [6as0.^A:a], to visit
bete, 4. -#, -n [be'td'], pasture
betydlig,
tant
[bdtrak!-
adj. \b9tyidlig\
impor-
flash
[6ZiA:.'sf],
5.
-ef,
\blojid'],
-j-
5.
blodbad,
-e^,
blood
[6/a;'6?6a'6?],
massacre, slaughter
[6Z<i;Wa'], flower
I.
5.
blomster,
-e^,
[6Zo//s^ar],
5. -e^,
[6Zom'-
2.
-en,
-ar [blom'-
-n, -or
\bhm'-
blund,
3.
-e7z,
-f-
[6Zi/n.'c?],
wink
+
,
admiration
to
keep on
-?i
approval
[bWd], image,
-en,
-er
[bilda%
to
form
bitter
blow
[bhsU], wind
[blo'sa'], to
II.
-671,
-\-
boksamling,
2.
-en,
-ar
[Z)(^cA:-
boning,
-en,
dwelling
2.
bitter, adj.
1.
blue
6Zs^, 3.
bldna,
bldsa,
3.
blod,
blomster spira,
(4. -^, -|-),
tandd], consideration
betraktelse, 3. -n, -r [bdtrakUdlsd],
observation
picture
bilda, I.
-ar
-en,
blomsterdal,
sider
&i7c?,
2.
(of lightning)
stdrban''d\
2.
betraktande
soft
feZias^,
blomsterband,
bibel, 2.
[ftZiVcZ],
flower
betjdning,
blid, adj.
6Zzi;a,
blomma,
blesome
5.
bard,
board;
borgare,
-e^,
om
5.
-ar
[Z>w.W],
table,
on board
[bor'jar9^\
[am.']
-n,
[ft^^'m?;'],
burgher, citizen
borra,
I.
bort, adv.
[bor'a'], to bore
[Z>o.i^.'Zl, away, off
bortfrysa,
freeze
up
IV. [boji'tfrg^sa],
to
165
Swedish-English.
II. [bo.t'tfoh'a], to
bortfora,
away
+
decease
2. -en,
bortgdng,
departure,
lead
\bod'tgo7)'\
bryta in [bryta'
m.'], to
break in
brddmogna
[bro'dmco^gna],
ripen early
brost, 5. -et^
to
\brds'.t\ breast
6wA:, 2. -en, -ar [bm'Jc], stomach
(belly)
-ar
2. -en,
buss,
\busf\,
fellow
soldier
away
bosatt,
residing,
[6&>-saf],
adj.
settled
3.
boskap,
-en,
[&<^"s^'p],
%^^5,
boskapsskotsel,
3. -en,
[bco's-
bar,
2.
to
build,
barrow
[fto.'r],
bdrgning,
-ar
-e?2,
2.
back,
executioner
nic(al)
ground
soil,
^.'an],
bra, adv.
[Jra.^], well
3. -en, -er
deed
brant,
brant,
brasa,
to
dwelling place
bosdtta, II.
[6c(;,Sf a], to settle
ftra^ftZ,
[byg'a'],
cultivate
cattle
&Qya,
bolja,
II.
1.
3.
1.
bred, adj.
[ftre-'cT],
wide, broad
brinnande
to
[6ce*^^i^'],
fertile,
fruitful
3.
-en,
he't], fruitfulness
I
ftorja,
[boe'rja^],
[bce'ddig-
to
begin,
to
commence
borjan, 1, -|- \b(B'rjan''\ at
the beginning
(in)
C
civiliserad,
ardent,
[6nn*an'c?a],
adj.
bdrdighet,
adj. [&ran/^], steeply
wave
3. -en,
borda, 1. -n
bon,
bordig,
[brag'd], feat,
\bdj'a^\ to bend
-n, -or [6oZ:yV]
adj.,
[si'vilise^rad],
civilized
burning
Z)ris^,
3.
-er [brisH],
-en,
want,
lack
wf
[6ns*i^a'], to burst
brista, IV.,
bro, 2. -n, -ar [brcof], bridge
broder, 3. -n (broder) \brcj'ddr%
brother
brud, 2. -en, -ar [ftrm.'c?], bride
bruklig,
[5rm'A:%'], used,
adj.
usual
il
brunn,
2. -en,
bryta, IV. ay
&r?/^a
/ram
break forth
-ar
[ftrwn.'],
[ftri/'^a*], to
[bryta''
well
break
framt\
off
to
2.
day-light
c?<3^^^,
2.
dew
\dag'vi^n\
\dag'sjuL^s\
daggvin, 5.
winy dew
-ef,
dag si'
dagsljus,
-e^,
5.
day light
dagtinga, 1
\dagti'r)''a\
to capi-
tulate
dal,
2.
-en,
-ar [dail]
valley, vale
166
Vocabulary.
-ar [dalkar^l],
dalkarl, 2. -m,
Dalecarlian
dam,
3.
damm,
2. -en,
destillera,
I.
diadem, 5.
diadem
(3.), -et,
-er [di'ads^m],
djupsinnig,
profound
djur,
5. -e^,
djurgdrd,
[jmpsin'igl,
adj.
2. -en,
animal
-ar [jm'rgo^jid],
cupola
domkyrka,
1.
-n-or[c?om*pGer'A:a],
cathedral, minster
domstol,
dap,
[c?&;/^],
baptism,
3.
satellite
-en,
-er
[dfra6an/^],
droja, II.
be long
to
be
to delay,
to
[<i^rw2?*/!:?ia'],
[fZroj'a'],
2. -men, -mar
\drdm!:\
dream
duva, 1. -n, -or \dvi'va''\ pigeon
dunge, 2. -n, -ar [duy'd'], thicket
dunkel, adj. {durjikdV]
dark,
drom,
gloomy, dingy
dvdrg, 2. -en, -ar
[cZi^c^r/;],
dwarf
dygd,
dJ^ZzA:,
adj.
dyr, adj.
dyrbar,
dear
[cZ^Z-'r],
cZa,
to infatuate, to
cZara, I. [cZo'ra'],
befool
5. -et,
[dek'], deck
ddrefter, adv. [cZ^.'rf/rar], there-
ddck,
among
ddrigenom,
adv.
\dsetrije'nom\
thereby
adv. [dsetmerd],
ddmere,
down
there
I.
dead
[cZ0.'cZ],
2. -en,
cZocZ,
-ar
[cZe.'cZ],
death
r^0*cZa'], to kill
dodsstund,
s^wn'cZ],
\dratg\ feature
draga, IV. \dra'ga^\ to draw
dragare, 5. -n,
[dra'gard%
draught animal, beast of burden
dragon, 3. -en, -er [dragojin],
dragoon
-ar
2.
drake,
-n,
[c^ra'/ca'],
<^ra/7, 5. -et,
I.
drowned
christening
drahant,
queen
drunkna,
after
[jtnir],
zoological garden
5. -e^,
dragon, (paper-)kite
dolja,
3.
-er
-en,
[docZ'.s-
hour of death
II.
[d?aZ'./a'],
to conceal
[(iom'a'], to judge,
condemn, to sentence
doma,
dopa,
II.
II.
[dopa^
to baptize, to
christen
dorr,
<ic>^;,
2. -en,
-ar
adj. [dotv],
to
[dfajr.'],
deaf
door
167
Swedish-English.
behind
5. -n,
^r^'cZara], successor
eftertrddare,
/]fermWcZ,
2.-672, -|-[^/*^9^''v^*^,
property, quality
ekipage, 5. -t,
(r) [ek'ipaJf],
equipage
3.
ekvator,
-n, -er [ekva'tor'],
equator
eldgnista, 1. -n, -or [eZ'cZ^nw'^a],
spark
eZcZ2^, adj. [el'dig^ fiery, ardent
stdder {^eVdeldstad, 3. -ew,
-er
-n,
leUk'tor^X
[fairy
1. -n,
elf,
vever
enda, adj.
e7i(Z.9Z,
[en'cZa'],
adv.
alone, one
[e/i'cZas'Z]
only,
farhro(de)r
3.
broder
-n,
[faribrojr], uncle
3. -n, fader [far!/a^], grandfather
farfordldrar [far.fcerel'drar],
grandparents
farlig, adj. [/(^'rZz^'], dangerous
farfa(de)r,
2.
-n, modrar
farrao(de)r
yjartma)r\ grandmother
fartyg,p.-et,
ifa-rty'g\ vessel
[/a'ryfZ],
mterj.
/^J-^'^^Z
"y
^t
r/*
j.
-e72,
to
^ ^V?*
erA:a7iwawcZe,4:.-Z,-7i[e-r^m'ancZa],
acknowledgment
erovra, I. [e'ro'vra], to conquer,
to overpower
fastdn,
fatta,
I.
,r^
./
t-
'i.-en, -\-
poverty
5.
fel,
fault
fiende,
-eZ,
3. -n, -r
[fal'igdcom%
[/e/Z],
^n,
mistake,
[fl'dndd^ enemy
hostile,
2. -n,
(gret, grar)
[A'^^J? finger
finger,
I.
[T^'^a'],
to
celebrate,
to
solemnize
fsk,
fiskare,
[ffcs^m.'paZ],
[fasttdr\
,
prehend
exempel, 5.
example
,..
fattigdom,
ensam,
good
^
tj
firm, solid
/asZer,
simply
enfaldig, adj. [enfal'dig], simple
enhet,
3. -ti,
faktor,
posterity, future
eZeA;^or,
elector
father
[Ef.tdv-
egenskap,
3.
-er [/a&nVfc],
-en,
manufacture, works
fa(de)r, 3. -n, fader [/acZar'],
fahrik,
2. -en,
5.
fisher
[^s'fcara'J,
168
Vocabulary.
fiske,
5.
-n [jis'kd], fishing,
-t,
4.
jiskldge,
-n
-t,
[Jis'kh'gd'],
fisher village
fjdll, 5.
-et,
mountain
[/jsl'],
2. -en,
fjdrdedel,
-ar [fjce'rdd-
fourth
flertal, 5. -et,
jority
1. -n,
flicka,
flit,
[3.] -en,
ma-
[fli't],
diligence,
[.^2/-'Jj
to flee
[j?2/^*a'],
to
remove, to
wander
wandering
I.
Ifls'ka'],
to
blot,
to
breathe,
to
stain, to spot
I.
fidkta,
to
\^flek'ta%
blow (gently)
^*rrf,
3.
-en,
/oZA:, 5. -eZ,
folkmdngd,
[flseUd], vanity
[foUk], people
3.
-en,
-er
[/bZ'A:-
m2?*^], population
5.
folkslag,
-e^,
to
I.
[fram'kal^a\ to
call forth, to cause, to occasion
5. -et,
[fram'ste'g],
framstd,
III.
[fram'sto'\
to
framstdende,Sidj.[fram-sto^dndr)],
eminent, leading
framstdllU, II. [/ram's^^/'a], to
expose, to represent
framtid, 3. -en, -er [fram'ti^d],
future
framtrdda,
[fram'tre'da], to
II.
appear
framvisa,
I.
[/ram^;^'sa j
forth
to
[fraykri''kd], France
[fran-ska'],
1. -n,
franska,
show
evince, to
French
fred. 3. -en, -er
lfre.'d], peace
fredlig, adj. [fre'dlig'], peaceful
5.
fredshrott,
[/rec^'sftrof],
breach of the peace
/WA:os%,
adj.
[/rrA:os'%j, liberal
[fol'ksWg],
nation
fordra,
produce
[fram'go%
Frankrike
fldcka,
III.
appear
to bring forth, to
framgd,
progress
flytta,
foot
\_fojttMkl
infantry
framsteg,
-or [Jiik'a^], girl
-et,
framkalla,
[fle'rta^T]
application
j^2/j
5.
frambringa,ll. 0[fram'briy'a],
yjdUmark,d.-en,-er[fJl'mar'k],
mountainous soil
c?e'Z],
fotfolk,
^fishery
frodas,
I.
[/oj'rcZra'], to
demand,
to claim
fomtid,
-er [/<wrnZrc?],
antiquity, past
fortfara,
IV.
[/(W'^^/a'ra],
to
continue
[/rfo^'tZz^J,
prolific,
frukthar,
II.
[foj'jitsefa],
frukttrdd,
to
fortsdttande[foj'd,tst^andd],continuation
frukttrddgdrd,2.-en,-ar[fruk'tfrysa, IV.
-en,
-ar
continuation
[fcj'jut-
[frt/'sa*], to freeze
frysa
2.
[/rw^"^^r'],
tre'^goM], orchard
continue, to pursue
fortsdttning,
5. -e^,
fruit-tree
sef'ni'ij],
adj.
frodig,
luxuriant
3. -en,
169
Swedish-English.
frdga,
I.
to
[/ro'^aj,
ask,
to
absence
frammande,
[frem'andd],
adj.
strange, foreign
3. -ew, -er [fren'd9^'\, re-
frdnde,
[/i^A:-^a'],
to
wet,
to
moisten
/wZZ, adj.
I.
^
O
TT
II.
^m^^
fullkomlig,
r^
-c
-,
[/wZ'jo'ra],
^-
7-
adj.
r^7
<7-
to
1
[ful-Jcom'hgl
complete
fullkomna,
[fuVkom'na],
I.
to
perfect, to accomplish
furstinna,
/^ra
ride, drive
foda,
foda,
to,
fill
[fo'da^], food
[/0*c?a'], to give birth
II.
to be born
/o^eZse, 3. -tz,
[/^-f^aZsa'], birth
y^^^ ifo'Q^'l little
foija^ n, [/oZ'/a'], to follow
foljande, adj. [fol'jandd'l folio3. -en,
y^v^^ n.
-er,
away
/oVwi^i>[/os-ra'w2)/], toleadup
fdra over [fce-ra' o.'vdr], to lead
over
/6Vafcj5, 5.
-ej^,
dainful
forarga, I.
forbereda,
,.
^..P^^.P^f.
/aZaZz^, adj.
portant
[fotrl sheep
[fo'ta'ligl unim-
2. -en, -ar
ddrndsjco'jLd], native soil
fddernesjord,
[/f*-
5. -eZ,
[/f*^9^ndslan^d], native land (country)
fddernesland,
/aZ^, 5.
-e^,
fdltherre,
general
[/H'Z], field
-ar ifel'thxr'd],
2. -n,
anger
[/cer6are.''c?a],
adj.
r^
i.-
^^7-
to
i
[fcerbin^dhg],
obliging
III.
[f(B'rbise'l
overlook, to omit
I.
[fcerblin!da],
forblinda,
dazzle
foredraga, IV.
-et,
to
[foerar^ja],
II.
Ifmrakit], con-
tempt
forakta, I. [/cera/c/fa]., to despise
foraktlig, adj. [fcerakUlig], dis-
fordjupning,
s^a'p], captivity
result
lead
/^'^^ bort[fce'ra' boMt], lo lead
[fdmi
[/ce-ra'], to conduct, to
forbise.
[/^/'ra'J, four
/a
/r,
firmament
-n, [fes'td],
-t,
1. -n, -\-
forbindhg,
princess
/2/ZZa, II. [/|//-a'], to
[/f^'^^o'^],
3. -en,
foijd,
[/wZ-6co-^c?a], to
terminate, to achieve, to accom-
^?5''^
fullgora,
[fEl'trcxj'-p],
wing
[fuHlMl
fullborda,
n
^
-n r^
[froil seed
/wA:^, adj. [/?/A:.'^], damp, moist
^^''^ / ..
4. -(e)t,
/ro,
I.
-e^,
fdste, 4.
(foreigner) stranger
fulda,
-et,
5.
fdlttdg
campaign
/arc^,
-ar [frem'tiy^],
2. -en,
frdmling,
5.
fdltrop,
parole
question
to
to
2. -eri,
-ar [foerjmipniy], deepning, cavity, hollow
[/ce'rad^ra'^a], to
prefer
foregdende,
adj. [/ce'rajgo'anc^^],
...P^f^dent
3.
-en,
/r^m'sZ], occurence
forekomst,
3. -en,
Us^nir)], lecture
foreldsning,
foremdl,
5.
-ei^,
[/os'ra-
-ar [/ce'ra-
[fce'rdmo'l],
object, subject
forena, I. [/cere/na],
forening, 2. -en, -ar
union
to unite
[/cere.':
170
Vocabulary.
III.
forestd,
govern, to
[fce'rdsto^],
to
forestdlla, II.
place before,
introduce
fornya,
[jce'rdstel^a],
to represent,
to
to
[fcemy.'a], to renew
I.
forndm,
manage
uished
distinguished
II.
forndja,
forordande,
[f(Krfra!ga], to in-
I.
quire
dan'd9], recommendation
4. +, -|- [fcero'ddnan^dd], order
forra [fceva^], former
forre [/osr'a'], fonner
forordnande,
forraderi,
forrddisk,
forrdn,
forsakelse,
[foerfro'-
self denial
forsamling,
1.
elapse
forhdllande,
-n [foerhDl'an-
4. -^,
dd], circumstance
II.
vastate, to ravage
I.
[/cer/i:Za.'ra],
ndgon for
to ex-
(helig)
he'lig^], to ca-
helgon [no'gon'
nonize
[guise
forkldda,
forkovra,
II.
I.
IfoRrkUidaX
to dis-
[/cerA:o/i;raj, to im-
prove, to perfect
forkovran,
ko^vrari],
forkola,
I.
forkvdva,
1.
-|-
improvement
[fcer
[foerko.'la^, to charr
to
il.
[foerkv.^va\,
stifle
forlora,
forlust,
I.
3.
2.
-ar
[/osr[cure
/orsA;a^<2, I. [/cersAra/'a], to proforskansning, 2. -en, -ar [fcer-e?i,
samUiy], meeting
skanisniy], intrenchment
2. -en, -f- [foersko'm'l;], exemption, forbearance
forskriva, IV. [/o2rsA:riVt;a], to
forskoning,
prescribe
[foRrhefva], to boast,
to brag, to be proud of
forhdrja, I. [fcerhe.'rja'], to de-
plain;
-er [/cert'^eW.^,
3. -e^,
treason
forfrdgan,
forklara,
[foerndj.'a], to satisfy
4. 4, -f [/cer^j'^-
torous
away
forfrdga,
forhdva,
[fcerne.'mst], most
to lose
[fcerlco'ra'j,
-en, -er [/asrZi/s/^],
loss
fdrnitftig,&ai.[foemuf.'tig},Te&sonable
forsld,
III.
forstrdcka,
[/cersZo.'], to suffice
\^f(Brstrikta\ to
II.
advance, to stretch
forstd, III
[/cersto.*], to understand
fdrsvaga,l.[f(Brsva!ga],tOYfeaiken
5. -et, -\- [/cersva.V],
defense
forsvar,
5.
-n,
[fcersva^rard], defender
IV.
forsvinna,
[foersvin'a], to
disappear
forsdkring, 2. -en, -ar [fcerseikriy], insurance, assurance
/orfj^'na, I. [/cer^f.'na], to deserve
fortjdnt, adj. [fcergen't], deserved
forsvarare,
1.
fortvivlan,
Za7i],
+
,
[foertvitv-
despair
fortdra,
II.
[/cer^.'ra],
to
con-
sume
fortoma,
I.
[/cer^ce.Vna], to of-
fend
forundra
to
sig,
wonder
forundran,
1.
I.
[/cBrw7i/c?ra],
+ [foenin'astonishment
dran], wonder,
171
Swedish-English.
forvdna(s),
I.
to
[fcervo.'na],
astonish
-ar [fcervo'forvaningj
niy], astonishment
2. -en,
forvdxla,
I.
{^fc&rvEkisW]
to
mistake
fordldrar,
pi.
/cereZ/^rar],
parents
to
I.
[foeren^dra],
change, to alter
fordndring, 1. -en, -ar [/cerenidrirj], change, reform
fordndra,
forodmjuka,
I.
[fce'rodmjm'ka],
humble
forodmjukelse, 3. -w, -r [/ce'rddmjmtkdlsd\ humiliation
foroka, I. [/(}sr'0.'A:a], to increase,
to augment
forokning, 2. -en, -ar [fcere'kto
givande,
glans,
dour
5. -e^,
[^^a-'s], glass
gles, adj. [gle!s~\, thin
^ZicZa, IV. [^Zi'^a'], to glide,
slide
glas,
/ram
^ZtWa
to
to
[gli'da' framf],
glide
glodande,
wing
adj. \^gl0-dan^dd\,
glo-
[^Zom'a'], to forget
good, kind
-en,
[^6;/(Z^ef],
glomma,
II.
god, adj.
godhet,
[^to.*cZ],
3.
goodness, kindness
godhjdrtad,
ri
adj.
[^(y*<Zj^./-'^acZ],
goodhearted
2.
gaffel,
(gafjiar) [gaf'dl],
-w,
fork
^a^n,
gammal,
ganska,
entirely
4. -^, -n \^ga'jiddsre^jdinenHd], regiment of life-
gardesregemente,
guards
gata, 1. -n, -or [^a'^a'], street
godo
(till)
^ods,
5.
gosse,
grad,
[gco'doj^], in favour
-et,
goods
[gojt!s],
gram, 5.
gramme
granne,
-me^,
2.-n,
[^raw/],
-ar[gran'd% neigh-
hour
5.
grannland,
-et,
(Idnder)
[jame/nsam],
grund,
gemensam,
adj.
mutual
to penetrate
genomvdt,
I.
adj. [,;e"n3mz;o.'^],
wet
through
gentemot
[je'ntemco^t],
in front of
gevdr,
rifle
5.
-et,
tive,
opposite,
{^jdvtr\
to
mo-
II.
[^rwn'cZZf^'a],
found
-or [^rm'va'], mine
IV. [^ro'^a'], to cry, to
1. -n,
gruva,
grata,
weep
grdns,
tier,
gun,
-er [^ri^n/cZ],
reason
grundldgga,
[j'e'nom^o'^a], to
traverse, to go through, to cross
genomtdga,
3. -en,
3.
-en, -er
[^r^s],
fron-
boundary, limit
grdnsa,
(on) to
I.
[^r^n"sa'],
to
be bounded by
border
172
Vocabulary.
grdnmqiitlad
[gro'nman^tlad],
man
gud, 2. -en, -ar [gm!d], God
gudfruktig, adj. Igm'dfruk'tig],
1.
gudsfruktan,
-|~
[gut's-
guld, 5. -et,
[gul-d], gold
guldvingade, adj. [gul'dviy^ad],
with golden wings
adj.
gullstdnkt
[^wZ*s^f?y'A:^],
,
yellow stained
gunga,
gynna,
I.
[^W7?*a'],
gynnsam,
vourable
^,
adj.
swing
favour
[ji'^/n'saTw'],
fa-
upp
up to ut [mtt],
[gof], to go;
III.
[upi] till,
out
2. -en,
gang,
to
[j'^/wa'], to
I.
3.
1
-en, -er [ffoy!],
[goy-], time
gdrna,
^ora,
[jce'ra'],
to
do to
make
{^haik\ notch
chin
^aZa, I. [Aa'Za'], to haul
halv, adj. [AaZ.'v], half
halvo, 2. -71, -ar* [hal'vo^], peninsula
hals, 2. -en, -ar [haHs], neck
hamn, 2. -en, -ar [Aam//i], port,
hak,
5. -e^,
^aA:a,
-en,
harmoni, 3.
harmony
-ctz,
1.
[Aa*A:a'],
harbour
dis-
[^ar.'w],
-er \har'mojni:\
hast,
sea-breeze
3.
hedersbetygelse,
ddrsbdty'gdlsd],
-r [^eof honour
-n,
marks
home
hemkomst,
3.
3.
hemlighet,
-e)i,
Ar^wsif], return
way
gang,
gdrd,
2.
pleasure
havsvind,
pious
harm,
[^e^'"
(home)
-en,
-er [hem'lig-
he't], secret
hemma,
adv. [Aem'a'],
hemvist,
5.
-e^,
home
[Aem'i'z.s-'^],
dwelling, domicile
herre,
2. -n,
man
2.
hei'regdrd,
-en,
-ar
[hssr'd-
2. -en,
(named)
heita,
1.
heat
I.
[^m'(?ra'], to prevent,
to hinder, to
impede
hinna, IV. [^m'a'l, to get
fram {^framt\
reach;
tain
hiss, 2. -en, -ar [7V], lift
hissa, 1. [/its"a'], to lift
to, to
to at-
173
Swedish-English.
himlajiamma,
l.-n, -or[him'la-
flam''a], fire of
heaven
historia,
in,
3.
hdndelse,
go and fetch, to
to take in
to
m],
bring
history
-r
-n,
[A^^i.cZaZsa],
occurence, event
ric(al)
hjord, 2. -en,
hdngiven,
adj.
de-
[Afn'jz'z;an],
voted (sunendered)
flock
2. -en, -\-
hjalp,
-n
4. -^,
hjdrta,
hjdrtlig, adj.
heartily
hero
heart
[y'fZ'^a'],
[j^j.'ta''],
[jasj.-tlig'],
hearty,
-72,
[hco'pa'], to
heap
[hop'], hope
Aopp, 5. -et,
hoppa, I. [^op'a*], to leap, to skip
hoppas, 1. [Aopas'], to hope
I.
3.
hdnsyn,
[jel'p], help
hjdssa,
/lopa,
-f-
[A?i*52/'n],
to
be asto-
nished
adj.
magnifi-
[A^'rZz^'],
cent, splendid
hdrska,
I.
to rule, to
[Aars/ca'],
dominate
hdst,
hdstbdr,
litter,
ho,
-en,
5.
barrow
-(^e)^,
Ao^, adj.
hay
[ho!],
[AoZ/gr],
high
-ar {hum'h-
highschool
hogtidlighet, 3. -e?i, -er [Ao'A;tidlighet], festivity
hdja, II. [Aot;"*a'], to raise
hdjd, 3. -en, -er [AojVcZ], height
Aora, II. \hoR'ra^\ to hear
horsel, 3. -n, -j- [Acer'saZ], hearing
Aos^, 2. -en, -ar [liosit], autumn
hostdag, 2. -en, -ar [hds'tda'g],
hugnad,
2. -en,
humlegdrd,
go'.id],
hund,
2.
hungrig,
Alts,
5.
hopgarden
dog
hungry
house
[hmtii],
[Am*sjm.V], do-
adj. [^w?;'ri^'],
-e^,
5.
husdjur,
mestic animal
autumnal day
2.
hovding,
-en,
lig], chiefly
1. -n, -or
[%Z'a'], shelf
[%/'], to do homage,
to swear allegiance
%ZZa,
%ZZa,
hylsa,
A.?/sa,
[A0'a;(^i2?'],
I.
1.
II.
-n,
\hy'sa'], to preserve, to
entertain
-et,
hdlla, IV.
5. -e^,
3.
iakttagelse,
observation
ihland, adv.
z^A:a;
hdr,
-ar
chieftain
[y^o.7],
hole
[hoU], side
[^c>Z"a'],
to
hold
[ho.'r], hair
in-
1.
n. r. [raA:to*^aZs9],
[zftZan/cZ],
[icZ'A^a'],
to
among
exercise,
to
carry on
igenkdnna,
II. [ijen'gen^a'],
to re-
per-
severing
to invite
174
Vocabulary.
[in'hyg^ard],
5. -n,
inbyggare^
3. -en, -er
meridicu'n], meridian
jordmeridian,
ground
3. -r^,
infiytelse,
jordmdn,
inhabitant, dweller
[jV^>'.i<Z-
influence
jdgare, 5. -n,
[jtgard'], hunter, sportsman
jdmforelse, 3. -n, -r[Jm'fd'ralsd],
comparison
jdmn, adj. [jtm/n], even
jdmte, prep, [i^m-ifa'], with
jdrnvdg, 2. -en, -ar [y^'u-nt'c'^],
railway (railroad)
2. -n, (joklar)
[jo'kdr],
jo/iceZ,
in
glacier
innehava
[in'dha^va], to possess
innehdlla, IV. [m'^T^oZ^a], lo contain
IV.
innesluta,
[m'asZm'Za],
comprise, to include
inom, prep, [m'om'], within
to
1.
[iw^o'San],
-f"
/caA:a, 1. -n,
+ -ar
/caZ/c, 2. -en,
kalk, 2. -en,
inrddan,
advice
insikt, 3. -ew, -er [in'sikH'], notion,
idea
5.
-et,
\kaVkgrun'd], calcareous soil
kalksten, 3. -en, -ar [kal'kste^n^^
kalkgrund,
lime-stone
to creep
in
II.
instdnga,
[m'sZ^^^'a],
(up), in
intryck, 5. -e^,
to lock
[in'tryk'], im-
[tw^rf'^Za], to
come
in
islanding,
2. -en,
-ar
[rsZe/i'cZzT/],
Icelander
iver, 3. -n,
upp
vo-
3.
kanon,
.
II.
pression
intrdda,
cup,
[^'aZ/A:],
chalice
non, gun
kappa,
3. -en,
kapten,
I.
zeal
[A:a_pZe.^n],
[kas'ta^], to
kasta,
kastanj, 3.
chestnut
-er
-en,
3.
kavaljer,
[^Vi'^?'],
-er
cap-
tain
throw
[Ara^Zan.ji'],
cavalier
A:ecZja,
1.
-n,
kejserlig,
perial
chain
im-
-or [ge'dja'],
adj.
[^fi's^rZigr'],
A:Za<7a,
jaga,
jcuct,
I.
[./a'^a'], to
3.
-en,
-er
hunt
[jakif],
hunt,
hunting
jorcZ, 2. -en, -ar [jcoUd], earth
[ArZa^//],
sound
klocka,
klockslag,
1 .-n,-or[A:ZQA:'a'],
5. -eZ,
cliff,
clock,bell
[A:Zo/c'sZa'^J,
175
Swedish-English.
klocklik,
[klok'lik%
adj.
shaped
5.
kloster,
(klostret),
bell-
[klos.^-
monastery
tdr],
kldmma,
m- [A:Zfm'a'],
to hem in
II.
to
squeeze in,
kldttra, I. [fcZf^'ra'], to climb
2. -en, -ar [klo'v], hoof
A:Zoi7,
(claw)
knapp, 2, -ew, -ar [knap.^], button
knapp, adj. [A:nap/], scarce
knappast
\knap'asH\
scarcely,
barely
koldragare,
5.
kolmbrk,
dark
2.
krans, 2.
wreath
-en, -ar
[fc^Z.'^],
frock
nisitdr'],
2.
curate
komministerhostdlle,
4.
-^,
-en,
J^2?'9], prisoner of
-ar [krig's-
war
army
5.
-e^,
[krik'sto^g],
military expedition
krigsvan,
customed
adj. [Zcn^'.sfa'rz],
to war
ac-
kristendom,
[A;ns'fari-
dcom^], Christianity
Kristus \kristus''\, Christ
2.
krigsfdnge,
krigstdg,
fco?^,
kortsynthet,
-n
{kom'inis'tdrhaj'sUld], rectory
konst, 3. -en, -er [A;on.'s^], art
konstndr, 3. -en, -er[kon'stn%'r],
artist
2. -en, -ar [A:on*s^
sam'tiy], collection of works of
konstsamling,
art
/mZa, 1. -n,
A:w/Ze, 2. -n,
kulregn, 5.
-ef,
[A;wZ*rf?;'n],
shower of balls
kung, 2. -en, -ar [A:w?;.'], king
kunglig, adj. [A:w7;*Zta'], royal
kunna, I.
kunskap,
[A;wn'a'J, to be able
3. -en,
-er [kun'ska^p],
knowledge
konung,
2.
-ar
-en,
[A:o'nw2;'],
kusin,
3.
sin
king
konung slig,
adj.
[ko'nuy^sUg],
kust,
3.
kvadrera,
royal
korg,
2.
-en,
kom,
5.
-e^,
-ar
[Aror.^],
[kcoirn],
corn
korsfarare,
5.
-n,
basket
barley
I.
[ A:z;acZre.Va ]
to
square
kvarldmna,
I.
[kva'rUm^na], to
leave over
[A:3r',s-
/a'rara], crusader
Acor^, adj. [koUt], short
korthet, 3. -en, -|- [Acau^^e'^J,
shortness
kvinna,
1.
kvitto, 4.
-n,
-^,
A:?;o^,
176
Vocabulary.
kdmpa,
I.
2.
[gem'pa^],
to struggle,
to fight
kdnnedom,
2. -en, -\-
[gen'ddojm'],
knowledge
kdnsel, 3. -?z, -1- \_Qnis9l\^ feeling
kdnselverktyg, 5. -et,
{(gon'sdlvse'rktyg], organ of (feeling)
touch
kdnsla, 1. -n, -or [gen'sla'], feeling
kdr, adj. [geir], dear
kdrlek,
^'d7,
2.
A:o76Z, 3. -en,
[gol'd], cold
A'ora, II. [fo'ra'], to drive
korsbdr,
5.
2,
-e^,
ZeA;a,
open
-n [le'dn'dd], smile
-en, -ar [le'k], play-game
4.
leende,
ZeA:,
kyrko socken,
I.
-^,
to play
[Ze"A:a'],
levnad,
levnadslopp,
5. -e^,
[le'vnads-
levnadssdtt, 5.
[Ze*?;na6ZssZ'],
customs, ways and customs
lida, IV. \lida'''\, to suffer
4.
-?z
-^,
[ZrcZan'^Za],
suffering, suffrance
to
lie
IV.
ligga,
[Z2^*a'],
lidande,
5.
Ilk,
-eZ,
[ZiVA:],
dead body,
corpse
Zi/c,
adj.
like
\liik'\,
resemble
liknande, adj. [ZrA:nan'(Za], resembling
liksom, conj. [Z^^s^?n'], as, as if
likvdl, adv. [ZrA^vf'Z], however
ZmtZ, 1. -en, -ar [Zm'cZa'], lime-tree,
[Zi'A:na'], to
I.
likna,
linden-tree
[pcer's&^V],
cherry
gerous
livlig, adj.
lively, alive
[ZrvZi^'],
laga
Ijud, 5.
ordning
o'jid-
it
\la.ga''
lampa,
\lan'dska^p],
5. -e^
landskap,
landscape
landstiga, IV.
land
[lan'dsW'ga^,
to
[Za^i'cZ-
Lapland
I.
[Zas'^a'], to
load;
[laWnsk],limb
5. -et,
leda, II.
lead
in
to conduct,
[jm*sr0'<Z],
light
3.
I.
-en, -er
[ZoZ.'],
[Zo'ra], to
lot,
fate
promise
luftstreck,
[Zw/'Z], air
5. -eZ,
lufttom, adj.
[luft'strek''],
[Zi^jf^ZZwrn'],
lugn, adj.
[le!d],
[Ze'cZa'],
sound
vacuumair-tight,
hermetical
latin
latinsk, adj.
ZecZ,
[jm.'d],
[,/m/s], light
void
in
in],
adj.
sing
Ijusrod,
rosy
lova,
Za.s^a,
-eZ,
^/ws, 5. -eZ,
feed,
to
177
Swedish-English.
lummig,
adj.
[lum'ig'],
thick,
+
+
Zws^, 3. -en,
[Zi^s.'^],
5.
lustslott,
mind
[Zws'^sZo^'],
-e^,
I.
Idtta,
lok,
2.
Zoy, 5.
Zoi;as,
II.
to
[Z2/'<^3'],
to light
-e?z,
-e^,
onion
watch-word
leaf
[Z0.'?;],
I.
2.
lovskog,
-eri,
-ar [Zo-vsfc<w'^],
wood
leafy
up
[Zt/'san'cZa],
[/0.'A:],
[lo'san],
comprehen-
with leaves
obey
upp
[wp.*],
-ar
loseii.
lysande, adj.
to facilitate
ly understood, easily
sible
pleasure castle
luck
Igcka, 1. -n,
[^^^'^'l?
lyda,
[Ist-a'],
bright
Idgland,
Zaw^, adj.
1.
Idnga,
Za?2^s
(dnder)
-e^,
[lo'g-
lowland
Zan'cZ],
Idngsam,
long
-or
-ti,
[Zqt^'s'],
cod-fish
adj. [Z7;'saw'],
to
let (to
have
sician
3. -en,
Idkarevetenskap,
-er
[Zf'-
kardve'tdnska^p], medicine
Idkemedel, 5. -e^,
[Z^'Arame'cZaZ],
medicament, remedy
[lemna^
to leave;
to leave
[kva'r],
Idmplig,
adj. [Um'plig'],
convenient
Idngdmdtt, 5. -e^,
long measure
behind
proper,
[ZfT^'^^mo^'],
Idngtan, 1.
[leytan^ long,
longing
Zopp, 2. -en, -ar [Zrp.'], lip
Idra, 1. -n, -or [Ix'ra], doctrine,
,
apprenticeship
Idrare, 5. -n,
[Ise'rard^ teacher
lard, adj. [Z^u^/(i], learned
2.
-n,
-ar
[Z"rjw7;'a],
pupil, scholar
Idrka,
Zasa,
1.
II.
Idsande,
ding
-n, -or
[Ise'rka'], lark
[Zrsa'J, to read
4. -^, -J- [Zf'san'da], rea-
2. -ew,
ar [maZ.'m], suburb
(mannen, man) [man^],
3.
mark,
3.
-er
-ew,
\marik\
-er
marmorhild,
morhiVd'], marble statue
3.
2. -en,
marskalk,
-en.
soil,
[mav-
-ar [marfaUk],
marshal
mask,
mask,
2.
worm
machinery
maskinist, 3. -en, -er
[maf'inis.^t],
machinist
2.
-en,
(of a sledge)
Idrjunge,
malm,
ground
with an infinitive)
Idgga, II.
[Ug'a'], to lay
Idkare, 5. -n,
[Zf/car^'], phy-
I.
malm.,
man
slow
[ZoT^'va'ri^], long-
lasting
Za^a, IV. [lo'ta'],
Idmna,
kvar
-n,
3. -e?i,
3. -e/i,
wan,
along
Idngvarig, adj.
I.
makt,
[Zo2?.'j,
[loy's'],
maka,
(take) with
medgiva, IV.
[me'cZji't*^], to agree,
to admit, to
acknowledge
medicin, 3. -en,
[me'cZzst/n],
medicine
medlem,
member
medlidsam,
2.
adj.
[me'cZZzcZ'sam],
compassionate
easy
12
178
Vocabulary.
multipUcera,
false
muUipUkand,
oath, perjury
metall,
'6.
[me''4dr], metre
meter, -n,
midnatt, 3. -en, -\- [mi'dnaf],
midnight
midnattssol, 2. -en [-ar] [mi'dnatsco^l], midnightsun
mild, adj. \miV.d\ mild
3.
miljon,
-er
-en,
[mU'joj'n],
million
[mzs'Tzoj'cZ],
satisfied
misstag,
mistake
5.
\mis'ta''g],
middle,
\mitr\,
-j-
mother
modfdlld,
adj. [m(>j*4/"Z'<^],
haps
maZ, 5.
-ef,
man, 3.
mdnad,
3.
5.
-et,
1.
-n,
I.
[m<z-^na'], to ripen
[mo/.^7i], cloud
moln, 5. -e^,
moralisk, adj. [m<z>r<2.7isA:], moral
morfader, 2. [w(wr'/a'c?ar], grand
measure
be
to
[mo^'a'j,
able (may)
I.
[??2eZc*fa'J,
to
be
able
(can)
adj. [mek'tig'"'], powerful
3. -en, -er [mey'd], quan-
mdngd,
tity
1.
-?2,
-or [mHi'i/a'],
man
adj.
man
mdrkvdrdig,
[mn'sklig%
3id].
hu-
[mssrkvser^dig],
moster,2.-n,-ar\mojsttdr\2i\mi^
motgdng,
marker,
5.
-e^,
-f-
[mcer.'^-arj,
obscurity, darkness
father^
2. -en,
\m(x)'tgo7)''\
morkbld,
adj.
adj. [7wcer^'6/o'],
dark
to
meet
blue
mbta(s),
adversity
motsvarande,
II.
[w0*^a'(s')],
[mw^sv'-
ra?i6Z9], corresponding
motsdgelse, 3. -n, -r [mw tsf '^aZse],
contradiction
to
re-
ceive
overcast,
[mwZ*-
6rs^r*], mulberry-tree
by the mother's
jr
nagel,
\mott],
-f-
remarkable
tened
mogna,
tw^z^^,
mdnsklig,
heartened, discouraged
tiny
mdhdnda,
mdnniska,
dis-
[muV-
tiplika'tDr% multiplier
mdktig,
mod, 5. -et,
[mco.'d], courage
moder, 2. -?2 (modrar) [mco'ddr^],
[muV-
mdkta,
mitt, 3. -en,
centre
-en, -er
3.
stiplikafoj!n], multiplicsition;
tahell, 3. -en, -er [ta'hel% multiplication table
multiplikator, 3. -n, -er [mid'-
mdtta,
-e^,
dis-
[rtiuVtipliseira\
tiplikantd], multiplicand
multiplikation, 3. -en, -er
month
missnojd,
I.
to multiply
side.
naken,
2.
-n,
adj.
-ar
[7ia.'^9r|,
[n<2*/:b>n'],
nail
naked
name
namn, 5. -ef,
[namJn^,
namngiva, IV. [nawryi'i^a], to
name
namnkunnig, adj. [nam'wArwn'i^],
famous
179
Swedish-English.
-en, -er [nam'nkun^skap],
nation, 3. -en, -er [natf(o!n], na-
namnkunskap, 3.
tion
8.
nationalmuseum,
(museet),
i-museer) [natfcona'lmmse^um],
national
museum
nattresa, 1. -n,
night journey
-or
[nat're^sa],
adj.
2. -en,
nunnekloster, 5. -e^
khs''tdr\ nunnery
[nwn'a-
ndd, 3.
nddig,
-en,
adj.
[^o/c?], grace,
[no'cZi^'J,
mercy
merciful,
clement
dition
life
naturskonhet,
[nor'a% north
-ar [nco.'s], nose, snout
nu, adv. i e^^ nw [nmf\, in a
twinkling
nunna. 1. -n, -or [ni^n'a], nun
norra,
nos,
ndmna,
nar,
to
adj.
name
to feed, to
nou-
rish
ndrheldgen,
adj.
neighbouring
ndrvaro,
3.
-n,
[nr6aZ^^an'],
[nas'rva^rcj],
presence
-n, -or [ni'sa^], nose
ndsa,
ndstan, adv. [n^stan'J, nearly
na^, 5. -e^,
\nEtt], net
1.
[nit^, nice
nocZ, 3. -en, -\- [notd], need,
nodsaka,
[n^m'na'], to
II.
II. [nse'ra''],
na^i^, adj.
down
njugg,
country
avaricious,
eager, niggardly
njuta, IV. [njui'ta% to enjoy
noggrann,2idj [ti W^raTi'], accurate
1.
[no'cZsa'A^a],
to
want
com-
pel, to necessitate
nodvdndig,
adj.
[no'cZvfn'cZi^].
necessary
nojd, adj. [nojVd], pleased, satisfied
noje, 4. -^, -n {noj'd''], pleasure
not, 3. -en (nbtter) [noit], nut
noggrannhet,
het],
3. -en, -j-
[nco'gran'-
accuracy
nomad,
3.
nomad
-eri,
-er
[ncoma'd],
[nojUd], north
nordbo, 2.- fejn, -(a)r[noj-j.dbco%
northerner
7iord, 2. -en,
oanvdndhar,
adj. [6(;*an?;n'c?5ar].
inapplicable
oavbruten,
adj. [(Wai?6rm'^9n],
unintermitting
o6eA;an^,adj. [(^6aA;an'^], unknown
obesvdrad,
Sea
free,
adj.
[fccSast'^'racZ],
unconstrained
un-
180
ocean,
Vocabulary.
-er [co'sda'n], ocean
3. -en,
odlingshar,
[M'dliifshar],
adj.
operahus,
5. -e^,
[oj'pdrahco^s],
opera house
[okfj, also
ock, conj.
ore?,
5.
-e^,
word
[^^/^tZ],
ordentlig,
adj.
der
arable
oduglig,
[oj'dmg^lig],
adj.
unfit,
ordnande,
4.
-tz
-^,
[o"u,cZnan'cZ9],
useless, unsuitable
oemotstdndlig , adj.
arrangement, organisation
ordning, 2. -e?i, -ar [o'rdniy^
ordsprdk,
[o^'emoj"^
ston^dlig], irresistible
mous, huge
[5>/'ar], sacrifice
offer, 5. -ef,
officerare [ofisetrard], officer
sacrifice
Oj^?^a, I. [of'ra^], to
o/i(a, adv.
[orgun^stig],
un-
[wiwsA:r??7t'^],
adj.
oinskrdnkt, adj.
unlimited
okunnigliet, 3. -e?i,
het], ignorance
+ [co'kunHg-
adj. [^^'f^n'cZ],
unknown
-w, -or
1.
olycka,
fortune
ombud,
0. -et,
[<^>-Z2/A:'a],
mis-
com-
to
prehend, to comprise
I.
omgivning,
omgiva, IV.
[om*ji't*a],
to
sur-
round, to encircle
I.
[om'te'Za], to report
omojlig, adj.
[ct>'7no[/Zz^],
impos-
sible
onkel,
-n, -ar [oyikdl], uncle
onodigtvis, adv. [toi'Tie'di^^m],
2.
disorder
defatigable
[(i;?;a/Z],
2.
-e?i,
panna,
1.
-n,
head
papper,
5.
-e^,
[per
[pa'par'], pa
passagerare,
-n,
park
pd
^
[^Jas'a-
fe'rard], passenger
unnecessarily
oordning,
continual
outtrottlig,Si,d]. [co'iatrofUg'], in-
[om'flyt^a], to remove
2. -en, -ar [om'ji'v-
environs
nij)},
impatience
oval, adj.
[om'6m'c?], de-
puty, messenger
omfatta, I. [am'/a^'a],
omflytta,
[cj'fcerjey'lig],
favourable
okdnd,
5.
-e^ [orga.'n],
organ
oriktig, adj. [wriZc'^], incorrect
oriktighet, 3. -e?z, -er [oj'rik^tighet], incorrectness
organ,
im-
perishable
ogunstig,
[<i>V(Zspro'A:],
5. -ef,
proverb, saying
[oj'roj'], agitation
oro, 3. -91,
orolig, adj. [6;-r6;'Zi^], agitated,
unsettled
orsak, 3. -en, -er [6;*rsa'A:], cause
osa, I. [co'sa'], to smell
often
[of'ta'''],
oforgdnglig,
order, arrangement
-f- [oj-oj.dni'o^],
patronkok,
5.
-eZ,
ge^k], cartridge-box
[patroj'n-
181
Swedish-English.
person,
-er
-en,
person
personlighet,
3.
[psersoj^n^
-en,
-er
[pser-
sco'nlighe't], personality
piano, 4. -t, -n [piahico], piano-
5. -et,
3. -en,
plan,
plan,
-er
{plain'],
plan,
design
plats, 3. -en, -er {platts], place
plocka, I. [plok'a,'], to gather
[j9?cy'a'], to
II.
ploja,
plough
[pZofsZ/o'], sudden
plotslig, adj.
poetisk, adj.
polhojd,
[p6o>e.^^^s/c],
-en, -er
3.
poetic(al)
[porlhoj'd],
3.
produkt,
-er [projdukit],
-erz,
produce, product
promenad,
S. -en,
-er {prco'md-
promenadplafs,
3. -en, -er
[proj'
redogora,
regel,, 2.
[pro'va^
I.
[re'g9l%
bolt,
renlav,
-ar
-en,
[re'?iZa'i?],
-71,
resa,
resande,
traveller
3.
rest,
to test
3.
ra/c'j.^n], restaurant
riddare, 5. -n,
[rid'ard']. knight
ridknekt, 2. -en, -ar [ri'dknek''t],
groom
(soldier)
rikedom,
-ar [rik'tniy'],
2. -en,
riktning,
direction
ring,
ringa. II.
ringakta,
pdronformig,
adj.
[p^'ron/br'-
pdrontrd,
rest re-
-er [resif],
-en,
maining
restauration,
3. -e?z,
pdrontrdd,
5.
-ef,
-ar
2. -en,
[W?;.'],
ring
to ring
[ri7;'a/c'Za], to disdain,
[n*?;-a'],
I.
to despise
rinna, IV.
risknippa,
[n'n'a'], to flow
-or [ri's/cjzip'a],
1. -n,
fagot
-n [pse'rontre^],
4. -eZ,
pear wood
[p^'ron-
pear tree
WsZa,
ros,
in
[ris'ta^], to
engrave
I.
[rcocpa'], to call
1. -en,
-or
[rojis], rose
R
racZ, 3. -en, -er \ra^d], line,
I.
rest
ro, 2. -n,
[rco*.'],
roa, I. [rjwa'], to amuse
rock, 2. -en, -ar [rok!], dress-coat
ropa,
3.
[^^e'cZiyjce'ra],
[cross bar
-ar
-?i,
III.
raket,
II.
to report
pasta.
^rf'],
mad-
punkt,
pave,
-J- [ra'sdrii],
-ei(,
[rik'sdagsriksdagshus, 5. -e^
hm's], Swedish parliament
man'], priest
puka, 1.
drum
3.
ness, fury
lichen
latitude
prova,
raseri,
rank
182
Vocabulary.
en (rotter)
[rojtt], root
lrul-a^\ to roll
5. -met,
[rwm/], room,
rot, 3.
I.
rulla,
rtira,
space
to pull, to tear
II.
\ryk'a%
rycka,
rygg, 2. -en, -ar [ryg!], back
-n \ryk'td''\ reputation,
4. -^,
rykte,
renown
rymdmdtt,
[r^m'd^wo^'],
5. -e^,
cubic measure
rymma,
[ryma'], to
II.
fly
[rys'lan^d], Russia
rytteri, 3. -ef, -er [ryt'drit], cavalry
rdd, 5. -e^,
\rotd\, counsel advice
Eyssland
rddsherre,
2. -n,
-ar [rod'shse'rd],
rye
councillor
rag,
2. -en,
rdka,
[ro.^.^],
I.
to turn out
\rk'a^\ to
pass, to give
rdcka,
II.
rddda,
I.
\rd'a%
to
reach,
to save, to de-
liver
-ar \rEd'ni7)^\
salvation, deliverance
rdkneord, 5. -et,
{rek'ndOjUd],
rdddning,
2. -en,
numeral
rdknesdtt,
[rsk'ndsd'],
(adjective)
5. -et,
rule
[r^:^/],
right,
law
rdtt, adj.
[r^if'],
rdtta, std
till
right (righteous)
rdtta
sued at law
rdttfar dig,
adj.
[r^^'a'], to
be
1. -?2
up-
[vet'vi'sa], justice
[roiy'a'],
to disclose,
to
2. -en,
rona,
II.
[reiia.'], to
row?!, 2.
T07^a, II. [rcB'ra'], to
move,
to con-
cern
vement, motion
[?'oe'raZ.99'],
1. -n,
tale, fable
sak,
sakna,
cause
miss, to
to
I.
[sa'kna^],
be in need of
samhdllsordning,
2.
-en,-{-[sam'-
to
assemble
2.
samling,
-ar [samdiij^,
-e/i,
collection
sammanhdngande,
her)''aiidd\,
adj.
[sam'an-
continuous, connected,
coherent
Ug'a], to place
sammansdtta,
sefa],
II.
sammanldgga,
(to put),
II.
to compose,
to construct
samsprdk,
5. -et,
to
[sam'antogether
[samancombine,
[sam' spo^k],
conversation
righteous, just
rdttvisa,
saga,
verse
\ret'fse^rdig\
rok,
mo-
we
live
in
(our
the
contem-
poraries)
Swiss
se. III
se ut
O
[se.'\,
[.se.^],
to see
to look
183
Swedish-English.
seger, 2. -n, -ar [setgdr\ victory
segla, I. \se'gla% to sail
sen, adj. \^sein\ late
serrera, 1. [sasrveira], to serve
sic?a, 1. -71, -or [srdd% side
si7Z,
2.
-ar
-en,
4.
sillfiske,
herring:
[silf],
-n
-t,
[sil'Jis^k9],
herring-fishery
silver, 5. -et, -|- [siltvdr], silver
silvervinge, 2. -ew, -ar [s^7'v^r?;%'a]. silver- wing
simma,
swim
[sm"a'], to
I.
[sm'9'], sense
sitta, IV. [sz^'a'], to sit
.9m?ze, 4.
-^,
-7z
2. -en,
sjukdom,
-ar [/m*A:6?&;m'],
disease
IV.
sjunka,
[/w?;*A:a'],
to
sink;
to
damage
skaka, I.
skapa, I.
skapare,
shake
[sZca'^a'], to create
5.
-?i,
[s^'apar^'],
creator
.9A:a^f, 3.
impost
rate,
skatta,
I.
]^
skeppare,
5.
-ti,
[fep'ard^],
shipper
[fep-sb(o-j,d\,
board
ship-
skick, 5, -ef,
[/lA:.'], condition
skicka, I. [/zVt^'a'], to send
skicklig, adj. [fik'lig'-],
clever,
convenient, suitable
adv.
skiftesvis,
[/^/'^^,9v^'s], alternately, reciprocally
skilja, II. [ /z7:;a'], to separate
skillnad, 3. -en, -er [/z7??ac?'],
difference
skingra,
I.
I.
[/?m"ra'], to twinkle
[y^2?ra'], to disperse,
to scatter
skinn,
[/^a^a'],
to
shoot;
shoot to pieces
skjutvapen, 5. -et,
[fm'tva^pdn], fire arm
skodon, pi. [sA:6;"d^Qn'], shoes
sA;o^, 2.
forest
-ar
-e?!,
wood,
[skco.'g],
skogsmark,
pupil, scholar
sA:o^^, 5. -ef,
shoot
[sA:>^/],
[s/cra'pa'], to scrape
skrapa, I. (avj
skrdddare,
[sA^r^c^'ara'],
tailor
skrdmma,
II.
[sA^'/'^m'a']
to
frighten, to startle
skrdmsel, 3. -n, -}- [skremtsdl],
fright
/or
sA:wZZ,
.
skull [skult],
sake
5.
refuge
skyldig,
adj.
obliged,
sky7nt,
-et,
for
shelter,
[/^/c?'],
[fyl'dig'l
guilty,
bound
2. -en,
-ar
[y^m."^^],
shimmer
5. -ef,
[s/tJo*c?aspa'Z],
sight, spectacle
skeppsbord
skimra,
skydd,
-en, -er [skat!], tax, duty,
IV.
juta,
5. -e^,
cies
slaveri, 3.
get
[/m.'J, hide
-et,
-\- [sla^vdri!],
sla-
very
slippa, IV. [sZzp'a'], to escape, to
away
slott, 5. -et,
[slotr\,
castle
184
Vocabulary.
somliga, pron.
summer
sommarhostad,
sluss,
-ar [sZw^'ni?;],
2. -e?^,
sluttning,
slope
O
ut [udt],
[slo!], to beat, to
sZa, III.
throw;
to strike out, to beat
mily
sldkte, 4. -t,
generation
-n Yslek'td^l, race,
-ar
[^sUk'tiif)'''],
re-
2.
[som'arbco'stad],
sonson, 3. -en (.
a few,
-e??.
(bostdder)
summer house
soner) [so^n-
grandson
so'nj,
sovande,
head
top,
2. -en,
sldkting,
[si?7n'Zz^a'],
some
souimar,2.-en (somrar) [som:ar%
1. -n,
spira,
\slt'la!'nd], plain
smak, 2. -e?i, -f- [sma/A;J, taste
sprdk,
lative
smaka,
[sma'fca'], to taste
I.
.9ma?, adj.
[s77ia.'Z],
narrow
adj. [smo'vfA^'s^],
under-
sized
snille, 4.
-^,
-n
{snil'9''],
genius
snoglopp,
-e^
-f
[s^0'^Zoi3'],
snowdrift
snogrdns,
limit of
2. -en, -er
[sno'^ren's],
snow
1.
snow-
[spro'k],
5.
[sprey'a'],
-e^,
blow
to
[s^o.V],
trace,
way-road
spdrvagn, 2. -en, -ar [spo'rvay^n],
tramcar
track,
tender, gentle
adj. [spe'd],
2. -en,
II.
sporja,
[s^^cer'ja']
-ar
[soAr/an], parish,
to
question
s^ac?,
-en
3.
(stdder)
town
[sta:d],
5.
stadsldkare,
-n,
[stad'sUkard'], town physician
s^am, 2. -men, -war [.9fam/],
5.
standar,
-e^,
[s^ancZa.V],
standard
stanna,
remain
I.
;
stay, to
to re-
to
kvar \kva^r\
[s^an'a'],
main
stark, adj.
[^starik],
strong
district
3.
-e?i,
solsken,
shine
II.
stem, race
-e^,
tension
joiner
sol, 2.
sprdnga,
up
spdd,
5.
language, tongue
s^ar,
smd,
smdvdxt,
6rwn'], fountain
5. -et,
[sco'lfe^n[,
sun-
{steig^\ steg
steg, 5. -e^,
s^e^e, 2. -n, -ar [s^e'^a'], ladder
Swedish -English.
steka, II. [ste'ka^'], to roast
steUf 2. -eiif -ar [ste-^n], stone
stenart, 3. -en, -er [ste'naUt],
species (kind) of stone
stenkol,
5. -et,
[stenko^T],
coal,
pit-coal
4.
-n [ste'nri^kd],
-t,
mineral kingdom
sticka, IV. [^stik'af], to stick, to
stenrike,
sting, to prick
stig, 2. -en, -ar [stiig'], path
stiga, IV. \^sti'g^a\, to mounj^o
stockholmare, 5. -??,
hol'mard], Stockholmer
[s^r^Zc"-
[sZtocra'^tZacZJ,
grand, magnificent
storhet, 3. -e/i, -er [stco'rhe't],
grandeur, greatness
storlek, 2. -en, -ar [stco'rle*k],
size
I.
[sZra/'a'], to
punish
dispute
strida, II. [sZrrcZa'], to fight, to
quarrel, to dispute
stripig, adj. [strfpig'], shaggy
strdla, I. [stro'la^], to beam
student
I.
[.9Zo.'], to stand
jtof],
ut
;
;
pomp
ftdlla,
to place;
[sZfZ'a'],
stdmpla,
I.
subtrahend,
[sub'tra-
hen.'d],
[sub'trahe!ra], to
I.
subtrahera,
3. -en, -er
trakfco.'n^, subtraction
subtraktion,
[si<Z>'-
summa,
1. -n,
-or [si/m'a^],
sum
sund, 5.
suverdn,
-et,
[sun.'d], strait
-er [sm?;ar/n],
sovereign
svag, adj. [sva.^^], feeble weak
svan, 2. -en, -ar [sva/n], swan
svart, adj. [sva.^.'^^], black
3.
-en,
svartaktig,
adj.
[s?;au-'ZaA:'Zz^],
blackish
st-eA^,
5.
-ef,
-|- [s?;e/A:],
svenska, 1. -n,
Swedish lady
Sverige
[sZmcZe.Va], to study
studie, 3. -n, -r [stmtdid], study
studera,
stiff
[s^2/'^])
subtract
sZ^/v, adj.
std, III.
position
.92^or,
I. [sZm'pa'], to fall
styrelse, 3. -n, -r [s^^/'^^Zsa'j, administration, government
stupa,
stdmma,
stoft, 5. -e^,
[stofH], dust
s^oZ, 2. -en, -ar [stojU], chair
.9^0 Z^, adj. [stol't], proud
storartad,
185
-or
{sv$Rrt{i)jd\,
deceit
[si'fn'sA:^*],
Sweden
svdrd,
svdva,
5.
-eZ,
I.
[st'f.-ya'J,
[svse^id'],
sword
to hover
186
Vocabulary.
synnerhet
synnerhet,
\_syn'9r-
syskon, pi.
and sisters
sysselsdtta,
brothers
\^sys'kon^'\,
II.
\^sys'dlst'a], to
be occupied
syster,
2. -n,
-ar
[^sya'tdr^],
sister
Yso'lunda^], so
sdngldrare, 5. -n,
singing master
[soy'Wrard],
sdllskap,
company
sdndebud,
-ef,
5. -e^,
[sfZ'sfca'p],
[sf?2*(^a&m'6?],
messenger
sdnda, II. [s^n'^a*], to send
smi^, 2. -671, -ar [se??.'], bed
sdnka, II. [s?;"A;a*], to sink
sdrskild, adj.
sdtt, 5.
[s-f.'],
way
diffe-
ut
3.
II.
\talri^k\ numerous
tand, 3. -en, tdnder [tantd], tooth
tanke, 2. -en, -ar [tay'kd*], thought
tankfull, adj [taykful^ thought.
ful
5.
teckna,
I.
[s0A:a'], to seek
[fe/u^n], sign
[ZeA^'na'], to sign
^e^eZ, 5. -e^,
Zerm,
-eZ,
tile
[te.'g9l],
term
3.
tidrdkning,
nf?;],
till och
-en,
ar
[Zi'cZr^'A;-
era
med
\tili
adv.
[ZzZ"6a^A:a],
soder
southward
sodra, adj. [so'cZra'], southern
soka,
sive
{tiVhriifa'], to
tillhringa, II.
bring; to spend, to pass (of
time)
tillfdlle,
[5'r/VZ'^],
soder,
\tatT\,
ago
various,
[,9^'r/VZ'cZ],
adv.
-eif,
take in
\taik\ roof
speech
tala, I. \ta'la'\ to speak, to talk
talande, adj. [ta'lan^dd], exprestak,
tillhaka,
different
sdrskilt,
rently
to seize;
catch,
taZriA:, adj.
sdlunda
\ini], to
5. -et,
tal, 5. -et,
\_fati\
in
visibly
taga,
upp
u
out
[up;]f
sot, adj. [soH], sweet
4. -t,
-n [til'fsVd],
oc-
cassion, opportunity
tiUfdllighet, 3. -en, -er [tiVfeVighet], casuality
tillgodo,
hdlla
med ndgot
till-
be content
with, to be put up with
godo
[til'goj'doj], to
tack, 2. -en,
tacka,
I.
[tak^], thank(s)
to thank
[ZaA:'3*],
tacksdgeUe,
3.
Sd], thank(s)
-n, -r [tak'se^gdl-
tillskynda,
[Zz'Zy^n'cZa]
to
cause, to occasion
tillstyrkan, 1.
kan], advice
tillstddes
[(to
[til'ste'dds]
be) inj
[til'styu*-
present
187
Swedish-English.
3.
tillvaro,
-n,
-f-
{til'va^rcJ],
presence
tillvdga, adv.
(to bring)
tillagg, 5. -et,
tillagga, II.
about
\til'VE^gd\,
{tiVUg^ addition
add
timma,
titel,
[tiVleg^a], to
2.
2.
I.
;^y?/sa,
-e?2,
-er
charm
service
[cn.''s^],
tona,
topp,
to sound, to tone
I. [^Co>"7i3'],
2.
-en,
toppmossa,
-ar
1. -n,
-or [fj)p"m0s'a],
to dry
I.
[^D.fyfca'],
country
trapp, 2. -ew, -ar [^rap.'^J, trap
trappa, 1. -n, -or [^rap'a'], stair-
trappsteg,
5.
-e^,
[trap'ste'g],
trevnad,
-en,
\tre'vnad%
comfort, wellbeing
trevdningshus,
5.
-et,
\tre'-
to trip, to trot
trogen, adj.
[^roj'^9?i'], faithful
luggage-waggon, convay
tryck,
sion
3.
5.
to press, to
-n,
\tryki],
[treyisdl],
-\-
I.
trotta,
haust
tu [tia!], two
tunga, 1. -ti, -or [ifw?;'a*], tongue
tunna, 1. -ri, -or [tun' a'], tun
tunnel, 2. -n, tunnlar [tundli],
tunnel
Turkey
[tur'ki'df],
tvinga, IV.
to
[^t;z?;"a*],
compel
doubt
[tvitvaT],
[^vo??.'],
constraint,
hasty
[%A:'a'], to like
to think;
sig
om
to like, to
II.
tyda,
for,
[Z2//],
II.
tycka,
[omi],
be fond of
[ty'da'].
tysk, adj.
to
point,
to
[Z^/s.Vt:],
impres-
German
turn
trupp,
[^r^-'s/cct^'Za],
signify
-or
[Zr7;'a'],
3.
trdng set,
crowd
[si'g],
high
trippa,
II.
trdng a,
ty, conj.
stair
3.
1. -?2,
tree-nursery
trdffa, I. [^r/*a*], to meet
tvivel, 5. -ef,
2.
case
garden
trddskola,
Turkiet
top
[topi],
pecked (night)-cap
torka,
torsk,
throng
taci-
[Zo.^^], train
^%, 5. -eZ,
Z%a, I. [to'ga^], to march,
to go
-or
[to'ga'], fibre
ifaZa, II. [ZoZa'], to stand, to bear,
1.
tdga,
-71,
to support
tdlig, adv. [to'lig% patient
tar, 2. -en, -ar [to.'r], tear
tdcka, II. [ffA;"a'j, to cover
tdcke, 4.
^aZZ,
5.
tdnka,
-^,
-eZ,
II.
ZaZ, .adj.
-?2
[teU],
tic(al)
tdthet, 3.
ness
[tk'd% cover
[tsUt], tent
[Zf??"^^*]; to think
-e>i,
close,
[ZfZ/ie^Z],
hermeclose-
188
Vocabulary.
I.
tdvla,
to emulate,
\tv'ln*\
to
contend
-men, -mar
2.
torriy
II.
tora,
rein
\tdint],
may,
[^ce'ra'J,
(shall)
universitetsldrare
5.
-??,
unge,
U
[um'go^s], to freto have intercourse with
quent,
II.
to hide
vel,
5. -et,
underbar,
uppenbara,
manifest, to reveal
uppfart, 3. -en, -er
ascension, ascent
2. -en,
-ar [un'-
[unddrba^i^], won-
adj.
derful
3. -en,
undergivenhet,
-\-
[un'-
li-
underhandla,
I.
\un'd9rhan'dla].
to negotiate
2. -e?2,
-ar
[wrz'-
adj.
[?/?i'c?arjf6;'u--
subterranean
disic],
underlig, adj.
[^f7^c?9rZ^^'],
won-
drous, strange
underordna,
rfif'aZsa],
-e^,
upphora,
[Kip*^03Va[, to cease
II.
[wp*Z?/"sa'J, to light
upplysa, II.
upplysning,
upprepa,
uppvesa,
[upre^pa], to repeat
I.
[ttjp're'saj, to erect
4. -^, -j- [itp'^e'^Jicfe],
II.
II.
[un'ddrso^ka], to
uppskatta,
I.
[wwcZarvz'sa]
to
uppskjuta,
stir; sensation;
I.
supervision
[w^*sA:a^'a], to value,
to appreciate
,
teach
undervisning,
2. -ew,
postpone
[w7i'c?ar-
uppstd,
III.
IV.
up, to arise
vis'nii)], tuition
IV. [wn'cZArom'a], to
escape
-ar [wwcZsfi'-
relieving
uppstdlla,
II.
[wp*/m'^aj,
[lip-s^o'j, to
to
stand
[up'stel'a],
to
to
relieve (a garrison)
undsdttning,
up
tiveness
[i^n'cZar-
support
undkomma,
uppgora,
uppseende,
II.
lill
to establish
[unddrsto^dja],
understodja,
examine
undervisa,
[w^'/ora], to erect,
sto^d], support
undersoka,
[up'fgl'a], to
-r [t^n*c?9r-
news
5.
II.
II.
3. -n,
underrdttelse,
[up'fa\(f],
[un'ddro^rdna],
to subordinate
under stud,
uppfylla,
niij],
I.
to
range
ddrhan^dliij], negociation
underjordisk,
[up'dnba^ra],
I.
\up'fms^trH\, to
bring np, to educate
uppfriska, I. [up'fris^ka], to refresh, to revive
uppfftfi^
underhandling,
I.
uppfostra,
uppfora,
ddrji'vdnhet], resignation
youth
[up'dia^g],
uppehdlle,4. -t,-\-]up9-hrc)],
[un'ddr], mar-
ddra'vdelnii)], subdivision
712*2;],
[un'danjom'a],
wonder
under avdelning,
te
-et,
mission, task
velihood, living
midangomma,
under,
and down
uppdrag, 5.
III,
umgds,
2. -n,
dandd], appearance
189
Jwedish-English.
3.
upptackt,
-en;
-er [up'tsk't],
discovery
ursdkt,
4.
utarhetande,
-t, -\- [ui'tar'betandd], working out
II.
uthreda,
[m'thre''da\, to spread
utbrista, IV. [m'tbris'ta], to break
out
utforska,
[ut'tfor^ska], to search
I.
utsikt, 3,
-e/i,
i^^sZa, III.
to bloom, to
open
[urtsen^da], to send
II.
utsdnda,
out
utvald,
chosen
utveckla,
mtva'ld],
adj.
select,
[m'^veAr'Za], to
I.
develop
utveckling, 2. -en, -ar [m'ifveA:'Z%], development
utvidga, I. [m'ifufcZ'^aJ, to expand,
to enlarge, to extend
utvisa, I. [m'^fz'sa], to turn out,
to expel; to show, to decide
to carry out
m'J^jce'ra], to
11.
utgora,
make
utgoras, av
sist
[uL'tjoe,'ras\
vacker, adj.
to con-
of
-en
3.
utkomst,
-\- [m'tkom''st\
income, (getting out)
5.
-et
utlopp,
{m'tlop''], mouth,
estuary
I.
utlova,
[m'tlo''va], to promise
utldnning, 2. -n, -ar [la'tlenHy],
foreigner
utmdrka,
\uftmser^ka\, to dis-
II.
tinguish
-r [la'tmasr^-
3. -n,
utmdrkelse,
kdlsd]. distinction
utndmna,
point, to nominate
adv.
utomlands,
[uiHomlands],
abroad
utomordentlig
[m'tomor-
adj.
dsnHlig], extraordinary
utreda, 11. [mtre^da], to
to clear
utsaga,
[if^'^rf^'aj,
1.
-?^,
claration,
deposition
utse, III.
appear
utseende,
to
[ut'tse^],
[va'd'ma''T\,
2.
vaksam,
adj. [?;<2'/csam*],
vakteld,
2.
-en,
-ar
awake
[?;aA:'^eZ'cZ],
watch-fire
val, 5. -eif,
[va/ZJ, choice, election
vail, 2. -en, -ar [val% wall
device
valthorn, 5. -e^,
French-horn
vandra,
[i;ain],
1.
[val'thcjUn],
accustomed
[van'dra% wander
out;
perform
fit
assertion,
to look, to
whereby
(h^)vass, adj. [vas/], sharp
4.
-^,
-/i
[m'tse'dndd],
appearance, look
^)
vagga,
i;a^?z,
-{-
1.
[?;a.'p9n], weapon
vapen, 5. -e^,
rara, 1. -n, -or [t;a"ra*], goods
up
I.
utrdtta,
-en,
coarse stuff
van, adj.
[ui'tnem'na], to ap-
II.
[vak.'dr], pretty
vadmal,
old orthography
190
Vocabulary.
I.
verk, 5. -et,
[vsertk], work
verka, I. \vserka^]y to work
verklig, adj. \vserklig^\ real, virtual
vishet, 3. -en,
3.
-en,
[vser'k-
-|-
samhe't], activity
verkstdllighet, 3. -en, -j- [^?cerA:steVighet], effect
ve^a, I.
[?;eta'], to know
vetenskap, 3. -ew, -er [ve'tdnska'p],
science
vetenskapsman
3.
[ve'tdnskapsman*],
-nen,
-man
man
of sci-
ence, scholar
extend
[i;rc?^a*], to
I.
viktmdtt, 5. -et,
weight measure
viktig,
adj.
\viktmot%
weigthy,
[vik'tig^'],
important
(h^)vila, I. \vi'la^\ to rest
3.
vildhet,
-en,
-f[vil'dheH],
wildness
vildmark,
adv.
[i?zs*9rZi'^an],
to sojourn
[-yzs'^as*],
vitsord, 5. -ef,
testimony
vittnesbord, 5. -e^,
bce'rd], witness
vrida, IV. [vri'da'],
wrest
vrd,
[viY'sC'>W],
[vit'nds-
to
twist,
to
corner
2. -n, -r [uro/],
vdga,
vdr,
2.
vdrda,
-en,
I.
to nurse,
[uo'^c^a'],
to
take care of
vdris, 2. -en, -ar [vo'ris],
nal ice
ver-
[yo'rvisa],
awake
vdcka,
{vek'a%
vdg, 2. -en, -ar [ctg\ way
to
II.
vdlgorare,
[ffZ'Jce'rara],
-n,
-f-
[?;m'an'^9],
adj.
[yZ'A;o?>?/c>nJ,
-er
3.
-en,
vdllukt,
[^;^//M^*^],
pleasing odour
vdlsignelse, 3. -n, -r [vfZsiV^/sa],
blessing
vdltra, I. [-ufZ'^ra^], to roll (out)
vdn, 3. -nen, -ner [vent], friend
vdnda,
II.
to turn, to
[vrn't^a*],
apply
vintermdnad,
vdlkommen,
welcome
or \vil'a% cottage
vinnande,
winning
surely
vistas, I.
benefactor
wild country
1.
wis-
vuxen,
vidga,
-|- [vrs^e'if],
dom
visserligen,
verksamhet,
viYZa,
whirl
/ra?n
I.
[z;ir'r/a*], to
[visa''], to show;
(h^)virvla,
t'lsa,
[tm'^ar-
mo'nad], winter-month
vippa, J. [vip'a'], to wag
old orthography
vdndpunkt,
3.
-en,
-er
[vm'c^-
Vdnern
[ve'ndd'n], the
Vaner
vdnskap,
2.
friendship
vdnta,
J.
[v?i"^a'J,
to await,
to
191
Swedish-English.
vapna,
I.
[v]p'na'']y
to
arm
1.
dngpanna,
dngskorsten,
i;arr, 5. -et,
dngslup,
[v%r'v], mission,
task
temporal
life
I.
vorda,
vordnad,
veneration
Y
-ar
[^/wZi?;*],
youth
?/pper%,
yta,
ytmdtt,
-n,
5. -e^,
wild
surface
fierce,
[g/s.'^ar],
-or
1.
[y'tmof],
[y'ta'"'],
2.
I.
yttra,
[^/if.'ars^],
[o.'r],
yttre, adj.
[^/^.'ra],
year
drhundrade [o'rhun^dradd],
cen-
tury
drligen, adv. [otZi^^ti'], yearly
drsdag, 2. -e?z, -ar [o'rsda'^],
anniversary
dsikt, 3. -e?2, -er [o'sikH'\, opinion
dterfinna, IV. [o*^9r/i7i'a], to find
again
dterkalla,
[otarZcaZ'aJ, to recall
I.
dterkomma, IV.
return, to
111.
dterse,
fo'^arX'^^m'a],
to
come back
[o'tdrse'],
see
to
again
dterstod, 3. -en, -er [o'tdrstco^d],
remaining, rest
dterstd, III.
[o"i(ars^o'], to remain, to be left
dtertaga, IV. [o'tdTta''ga\ to retake
return, to
II.
dtgdrd,
[o'tdTven''da'\,
to
come back
3.
-e?i,
-er
[o'tj%'jid\y
measure, step
adv.
dtminstone,
[o'ifmm'sfowa],
at least
square
utmost
noble
['ga% to possess, to
5. -ei^,
[eg^], egg
o^Tia, I. [syna'], to devote
to utter
[2/^*ra'],
-ar [oy'slm^p],
-en,
steam-sloop
ar, 5. -et,
measure
ytterst, adj.
-ar [oyskor'-
2. -en,
sten], flue
dtertvdnda,
2. -ew,
yngling,
-or [oypan^ajf
-n,
steam-boiler
ddel, adj.
exterior
a^a,
dgg,
II.
[^/dJaZJ,
own
genuine
dlska, I. [^Z'5A;a'], to love
[fZ's/cara'], lover
dlskare, 5. -rz,
aA;te, adj. [ek'ta],
d, 2.
-ar
-71,
dhorare,
5.
[of],
-?2,
small river
[o'^o'rara],
auditor, listener
dka,
II.
dlksvdrd,
[o'A:a'], to drive
5. -ef,
dkerbruk,
husbandry
dlderdom, 2.
+ [o'kdrbrm'k],
2. -n,
[oZcZ'ard^wm'],
-ar
[o?;*6o'^],
steam-
boat
dngbdtstur,
I.
dmne,
4.
material
-e/i, -[-
age
dnghdt,
dmna,
dndamdl,
5.
-ef,
till
[7^'cZamo'Z],
object
3.
-eri,
-er [oy'bot-
192
Vocabulary.
5.
dppeltrdd,
-et,
[p'9ltre%
omsom,
adv.
alter-
[om'som'],
nately
apple-tree
honour
ara,
1.
-n, -t [^'ra'],
-ar [^'rdtit'dl],
dretitel, 2. -n,
title of honour
1.
aria,
drva,
-or
-n,
II.
[%rla%
[^r'va%
wagtail
to inherit
race, family
[et!],
os^er, 3. -n,
o, 2.
-ar
-92,
[0.'],
island
isle,
[o'dmjm'k], humble
-eri,
[o'dmjm'het], humbleness
oga, 4. -t (ogon) \o'ga'], eye
ogonsten, 2. -en, -ar [0*^D7is^e'?i],
odmjuk,
adj.
3.
odm-jukhet,
om,
herb, plant
eastern
[os-'^^rj,
overallt,
adv.
[o'vdrart],
where
5. -e^,
overbefdl,
every-
[o'vdrbdfe^T],
supreme command
overenskommelse, 3.
-?i,
-r [0'ver-
dnskom''9ls9], accord
2.
overgdng,
transition
I. [o'ka^], to increase
adj. [o7?2/], tender
omsesidig,
[oRjitt],
Osifersjon[o6'tar/0'n],theBalticSea
ova, I. [0''ya'], to exercise
ovad, adj. [0''yac?'], exercised
overavdelning, 2. -en, -ar [o'vdra'vdehiiy], over subdivision
archipelage
oka,
adj. [omsdsi^dig],
overmanna,
I.
to
[o'Vdrman^a],
overcome
mu-
tual, reciprocal
English-Swedish.
apple-tree, dppeltrdd,
5.
-et,
[ep'eltrs*]
action,
handling,
[han'dliy*]
to admire,
beundra, I. [ftawn/cZra]
eftermiddag, 2. -en,
-ar Uftdrmida'g]
^
afternoon,
age,
air,
Zw/i(,
take
+
hdmta
3. -en,
air,
[hxmta* frisik
alive,
frisk
to
luft
ibland [iblan!d]
to
ascertain,
pa
Iv/f.'t]
[Zw/'Y];
among,
to
[rum.']
[JKi^ir]
likasd [so/]
utrona, taga reda
[ui'tro'na]
_
asparagus,
5P'
sparris,
2.
-en,
-ar
[spar'is^]
assets,
ass,
aktiva [aktiiva]
dsna,
she-ass,
nm'a']
1.
-n,
-or [^'sna'j:
1. -n, -or [os-
dsninna,
193
English-Swedish.
attachment,
3.
tillgivenhet,
-en,
-\- [tiljiv9nhe't\
II.
to attend, folja,
attic,
[fol'ja^]
2. -n,
-rar
vindskammare,
masugn,
2. -en,
[ma-sup'n]
blind, adj. blind [bUn.^d]
bloom, hlomma, 1. -n, -or
-ar
{hloj-
m'a']
[vin'dskam'ard]
augusti
August,
blast-furnace,
or
[acogustti\
hlomma,
blossom,
1. -n,
-or [hlco-
[ogusiti\
U
back, rvgg, 2. -e?i, -ar [r:?/^.']
bacon, Jtdsk, 5. -et,
[fles'k]
to bake, baka, I. [ba'ka"]
bound,
1. -ti,
kula,
[km'la']
ball,
adj.
fbrpliktad
[fcer-
plikttad]
braces, hdngslen, pi. [^7;/sZ97i[
-et,
breakfast,
/0'n]
2.
basing skdl,
-ar [sko'l],
-en,
3. -en,
bassdng,
-er
[5as2/.'J
bathing-place, badstdlle, 4.
-t,
-n
[fta'Ss^f^'d]
2.
bay, havsvik,
-en,
-ar
[Tia'vs-
^J^'^']
draiga]
[frukos*t]
byggnad,
building,
-er
-en,
[62/^nacZ'J
bull, ^jwr, 2. -en, -ar [^m.V]
but, conj. men {menf\
bakom, bakpd
behind, prep.,
komt]
bast
exchange), vdxel,
2.
-n -ar
[veJdsdl]
2. -n, -ar
[/o/^aZ] ;
~
of passage, jiy\ttfdgel, 2.
n,
n, -ar [flyt'fo^gdl]
\jlytfo'gdl\
bit, bit, 2. -en, -ar [biW]
]
bird,
fdgel,
'_
bitch,
hynda,
1.
-n -or {Jiyn'da^^
blamable,
adj.
tadelvdrd
vee'rd]
to blame, tadla,
cake, A:aA;a, 1.
calf, A:aZi;,
to call,
1.
-n,
cape,
-et,
2. -en,
[ta'dla']
-or [ka'ka^]
-ar [kaHv]
for
\kal'a%
komma
11.,
[bdseika],
att trdffa [tref'a*]
udde,
2.
kap,
-ar,
-en,
5.
[ud'd', ka.'p]
sorglbs [sor'^lo's]
,
carpet,
,
matta, 1. -n, -or [mat'a*'\
.
carriage, vagn, 2. -en, -ar [t;a?;/nj
[varjt
carrot morot, 3. -n, -rotter [mo)'careless, adj.,
rw'Z]
genomfora,
II.
[je'nom-
fb'ra]
cartridge-box,
I.
I.
kalla,
to carry,
[ta'ddl-
-?z,
besoka,
for
[bss.'t]
2,
cabbage, kdl,
[ba-
patronkok,
[patrco'ng0*k]
I3
5.
-eZ,
194
Vocabulary.
3.
kassabok,
cash-book,
-en,
-backer [kas'abco'k]
cashier, kassor, 3. -en, -er [kasd!r]
5.
gjutjdrn,
cast-iron,
-et,
[jm'tjas^rn]
cat, katt, 3. -en, -er [kat]
to csitch, fatta,
[la'gbo/k]
collar,
\bla)m'ko^l]
cavalry, rrjtteri,
to
tdrif\
ceiling, tak, 5. -et,
(i ett
[ry-
rum)
[tatk]
1.
chair,
Idrostol,
2. -en,
[stco.'l],
-ar[l3R'rcostoyi\
kammare,
chamber,
[jm'skroj'na]
I.
prata,
korsbdrstrdd, 5. -et,
[gcerbertrs']
hovding,
2.
-ar
-en,
[ho'odiy']
chin, haka, 1. -ri, -or [ha'ka*]
to chirp, kvittra, I. [&i;iY'ra']
choklad,
chocolate,
5. -e^,
[/0.'q
[un'ddrhia's(dt)]
competitor, medtdvlare, 5. -n,
[me'dtevla'rd]
borgare,
5.
jara']
class-room,
3.
-en,
-|-
we.'d]
ftyk'a]
compulsory, tvingande,
[tviij' ande', tvoys-^
conduct,
tvdngsI.
forvalta,
5.
[^Qr*-
-me^,
to clear,
klarna, I. [A:?a'rna']
clerk, kontorist, 3. -en, -e>" [A:an'-
the
ka',
duka,
5. -e^,
I.,
[bdsto:]
constitution, statsforfattning, 2.
-en, -ar [statsfoRrfat'niij]
hoe'rlig]
contribute,
[A:Zz-
\kUdtsdT\
-booker
-f- [^32.
-e?i,
[skri'vboj'k']
corporal,
korpral,
3.
-en,
-er
correspondence,
brevvdxling,
2.
to lay
bordet [dm'-
b(oUd9t]
fp'ar^]
koppar, 2. -en,
copy-book,
skrivbok,
[A:.^rpra.7]
[/cer-
-yaZ/^aj
copper,
[vd'ja^]
-n,
klassrum,
[klasrum']
climate, klimat,
dra'ga\
citizen,
\kd-
to
[pra'ta*]
chieftain,
fhl,
-er
3. -en,
to
chamber-maid, kammarjungfru,
2. -n, -r [kam'arjuy'frm\
chandelier, Ijuskrona, 1. -n, -or
cherry-tree,
koloni,
V'Dnit'\
-mrar
2. -en,
[kam'ard']
to chatter,
std']
colt,
-er
3. -et,
-f,
[A:a/-a']
2. -n, -ar [A;ra"^9'J
overste, 2. -n, -ar [o'vdr-
krage,
colonel,
colony,
[koil\
coffee, A^a^e, 5.
cold,
[fat a']
forkyla, IL, sig [fcergyUa]
cauliflower, blomkdl, 2. -en, -|I.
3.
councillor,
rddsherre,
2. -?i,
-ar
[rod'sha2r'd]
to count, rdkna, II. [rf'A-na^
5.
lander
/an^i,
country,
-et,
[lanJdl ; in the country, pa lan-
195
English-Swedish.
3.
kusin,
cousin,
-er
-en,
\kui-
sitn]
cow, ko,
-n, -r [kco!]
3.
cow-slip, gullviva,
dinner,
1. -n,
or[gul'-
vi'va]
creditor,
3.
borgendr,
-er
-en,
middag,
discipline,
-er \ky-
3. -en,
avvdpna,
I.
-er
[a'v-vfp'na]
3. -e?z, -er
disciplin,
[cZzs'zpZzVn]
discouragement, modloshet,
-f-
kyrass,
2.
[dirsktce^r]
to disarm,
rasi]
-en, -ar
to cross,
fetf]
cuirass,
2.
d.^a^]
[bovjdnas^r]
crop, skord, 2. -en, -ar [fodtdd]
mat sal,
dining-room,
[?na'fsa7]
3. -en,
[mofdlosheH]
[/-'^]
dish, /a^, 5. -eif,
to divide, dela, I. [d^e'Za*]
to do, gora, II.
[ia?-ra*]
jm'r]
damage, skada, 1. -n, -or [ska'da^
damp, adj. fuktig [fuk'tig*]
dark, adj. mork [mcej.'k']
danger, fara, 1. -n, -or [fa'ra']
day, dag, 2. -en, -ar [da.^g]
deaf, adj. cZov [<^0/v]
dear, adj., dyr, dyrhar [dy.'r,
ha^r]
debitor,
dyr-
3.
gdldendr,
-er
-en,
3.
-er
-en,
[kar'afitn]
deep, adj.
defend,
va!ra]
[jui'p]
I.
forsvara,
to deliver, befria,
I.
[foers-
overldmna,
I.
[&a/nVa]
desk, pulpet, 3. -en, -er [pulpe't]
despair, fortvivla, 1. -ti, -f- [/cerif-
to destroy,
II.
11.
avsdnda,
despatch,
forstora,
II.
[a'l;-
tillintet-
[/ce.xsfce'ra]
devotion, hdngivenhet, 3.
-e?i,
[c^a^'tZr^p'a]
to die, do, III.
riksdag,
2.
-w, -<2r
dubbel
[dub.'dl]
3. -en,
dragoon, dragon,
-er [dra-
drawing-master, ritldrare,
5.
[sahyf]
to dress,
-en,
dwelling-place, hemvist, 5.
[he'mvis't]
-r [rik's-
-et,
II.
[^r^'ua*]
E
each, varje [var'jd']
ear, ora, 4. -t oron [o'ra^]
early, adj. adv., tidig(t) [ti'dig^t]
jor^,
Easter,
2.
pdsk,
-en,
2.
-ar [jojUd]
grdva,
-n,
[ri'tU^rard]
earth,
[^Ze.'J
2.
da'g]
to dig,
[so'vrum*^^
double, adj.,
[AfTi'iz-yariAe'^]
dewdrop, daggdroppe,
diet,
[(^cer.^
drift,
djup
to
gora,
-ar
2. -en,
gojin]
[jel'ddnseW]
decanter, karaffin,
to
door, dorr,
eatable, adj.,
dtbar
[e'tba'r]
13*
196
Vocabulary.
2.
education, underinsning ,
-\- [un'ddrvis^niij]
egg, cigg, 5.
-et,
-en,
[egt]
elektrisk [elEkHrisk]
empire, rike, 4. -t, -n [rrkd^]
to
employ, sysselsdtta; II.
[sys'dlsefa]
uppmuntra,
I.
[up'-
mun'tra]
uppmuntran,
1.
~\~
intrdda,
envelope, omslag,
II.
[om'+ [ekva'-
[in'tre'da\
5. -et,
2.
fjdder,
1.
female, hona,
ba^r]
fictitious,
finger ad
adj.,
-en, -ar
[fel'tmarfaVk]
dkerrdtta, 1. -n -or
[o'kdrrofa]
field-mouse,
grbnskande
hard,
by the
[gron'skan'dd]
allting,
allt
[al'tiy',
[fi'yjet-
rad]
-grar [fiy'dr]
2. -en,
fire-side,
-ar [ha3!d,d] :
vid brasan,
brasan*]
al't]
execution,
I.,
utova,
I.
[e'va',
vi'to'va]
to export,
fleet,
flock,
flotta,
hjord,
1.
2.
-n -or [flot'a*]
-en, -ar [juUd^
fse'rdandd]
to exercise, ova,
I.
-drar
-7i,
2.
felthat, filthatt,
dd],
[fruk'-
utrusta, I. [t^^trws'^a]
European, adj., europeisk [mt'rojpeHsk]
everything,
-\-
[fje'ddr]
February,
3bruary, februari [fe'bruia^ri]
fertile,
1.
that']
encouragement,
fruktan,
tan^]
feather,
electric, adj.,
to encourage,
fear,
golv, 5. -et,
[gol^v]
flower-garden, --blomstertradgdrd,
floor,
utfora,
exporter a,
II.,
[lutfo'ra, ek'sporteira\
[0gonste'n\
3. -en,
ogontand,
der [o'gontan'd]
eye-tooth,
-tdn-
to fly,
.
fiyga,
.
ga, IV. ifilyga']
[fllyga^]
to fold, Idgga tillhopa
[leg' a*]
illhopa \l
pall,
footstool,
forehead,
2. -en,
panna,
1.
-n,
-ar [pal']
-or [pa-
n'a']
skolbdnk,
form,
face, anlete, 4. -t,
faculty,
formdga,
mo!ga]
(pi.
-n [an'le'td]
1. -n, -{- ^fcer-
formogenheter)
2.
-en,
-ar
[skoj Iberfk]
to freeze,
French,
adj.,
fransk
[fran,'sk]
-\-
[fE'denidslan^d]
favourable,
sam']
adj.,
gynnsam
Friday, fredag,
da'g]
-ar [fre-
fo'r]
fruit,
[jyn'-
2. -en,
fruit-tree,
[fimk-ttre*]
197
English-Swedish,
fur,
2.
pals,
fusible, adj.,
smdltbar [smeltba'r]
hair,
hdr,
5. -et,
[hotr]
5.
et,
viltt]
2.
trddgdrd,
garden,
-en,
-ar
[tre'go'dd]
[gar'niscotn]
gay, adj., munter [munitdr]
German, adj., tysk, tyska \tysik,
tys'ka^]
glad, adj.,
to gladden,
glory, dra,
glove,
1.
[glats]
[glrda']
2.
-n,
-ar
[Iian'dskd']
to go, gd. III.
[got]
gold, guld, 5. -et, -{- [gultd]
good-bye,
interj.,
-or
-ar
farvdl [farveil]
I.
[sty'ra^
rajetra]
grammar-school, Idrdomsskola, 1.
-n, -or [Ise'rdcomsskoj^la]
grand-daughter, dotterdotter [do-
morfar
grand-father, far-far ,
[fcirfar^, mojr'far']
grand-mother,
farmor
mormor
sonson,
head
the
spetsen for
of,
[spettsdn]
headmaster, forestdndare,
[fo'rdston'dard]
5.
-n,
[hal'vkWt]
hen, hona, 1.
5.
-w,
-et,
-or [7i0"na*]
hoppas,
I.
[y^^p'as'J
hound, hund,
-ar [huntd]
2. -en,
[far.'mcor, mcortrriMr]
grand-son,
at
hemisphere, halvklot,
[guldjis'k]
to govern, styra, regera^
sdl]
-n, -\-[ce'ra]
handske,
glad [glatd]
glddja [ghd'ja']
[je'gard^]
sondotter
[so'nso'n, so'ndot'dr]
to greet, hdlsa, I. [helsa']
to grieve, smdrta, I., sorja,
[smer'ta']
ground-floor,
I
II.
to illustrate,
jordvdning
[joj'dd-
on the
,
pd nedre
hotten [pot netdrd hottdn]
gun, gevdr, 5. -et,
[jevsetr]
vo'nir)]',
upplysa,
11.
[up'ly'-
sa]
imperishable,
adj.,
oforgdnglig
[ojfoerjsiflig]
to import,
I.
infora,
[m/oVa]
II.,
importera,
198
to
Vocabulary.
I.
improve, fovhdttraj
[/osr-
osmdlt [M'smeVt]
indigested, adj.
indulgent, adj.,
skonsam
[skco'n-
sam']
industrious, adj. flitig [Jii'tig*]
infantry, infanteri, fotfolk \in'fantdri.', foj'tfol'k]
infinite, odndlig [M'en^dlig']
infirmary, sjukhus, 5. -et,
{fwi'khia^s]
inkstand, bldckhom,
[bhk
-et,
2. -en,
-ar
5.
hoj'jin]
invention,
uppfinning,
[upfiniy']
iron,
5. -et,
jdrn,
[jseUn]
2.
jdrnpldt,
iron-plate,
-en,
0,
2.
-n,
-ar
makt [ maktt^
letter,
brev,
3.
lenght, Idngd,
5.
-et,
\bretv]
to lighten, blixtra,
to lighten, Idtta, 1,,
1.
[blik'stra']
I attar e
gora
-ar
Ijxdjiplo't]
island, o, 2. -n, -ar
isle,
[jiufviadbolc]
ben, 5. -et,
\bein^
legislative, adj., lagstiftande [la'gstiftandd]
legislative
power , lagstiftande
leg,
[0.']
[gt]
liver, lever, 2.
long, adj.,
&^
-??,
loss,
-{ [gUdjd']
3.
forlust,
levrar [le'var]
[lov-]
-ar [^^r-'a*]
-er
-ew,
[/cer-
to love, dlska,
to keep,
kind, slag, 5.
-er [sla!g]
kingdom,
-et,
1.
[Z"5A:a*]
sort, 3. -en,
kungarike,
4.
-t,
[kuy'ari'kd]
kitchen-garden, kokstrddgdrd,
-n
{cdB'rleksep^ld] (tomat,
lowland,
Idgland,
2>.)
-lander
-et,
\lo'glan*cl]
2. -en,
2.
-ar [gok'stregoUd]
knife, kniv, 2. -en, -ar [kni'v]
to knock, knacka [knak'a*]
3.
-en,
man-of-war,
lake, sjd, 2. -w, -ar [/of]
lance, Za?is, 2. -en, -ar [lan!s]
lark,
Idrka,
latest, adj.,
lead, ftZy,
leaf,
5.
-ef,
Zov, 5. -e^,
[W-]
[skot'-
[lo^v]
5. -et,
orlogsfartyg,
[oi-rlogsfa'rtgg]
3.
manager, disponent,
-er?,
-er
sifo,
4.
-e^,
master, mdstare,
-ti
5.
[sff(>/]
-w,
[?7?fS'-
tard*]
-en,
3. -en,
-ar
[ey.']
-er [mo'lti'd]
199
English-Swedish.
5. -et,
meat, Wtt,
[Qoti]
-men, -mar
2.
member, medlem,
[me'dhm^]
[gop'man*]
mercury, Tcvicksilver,
5.
-et,
3.
metal, metall,
[taV
[me
-er
-en,
of,
middle, mitt [miti] in the
mitt i [miti it]
mild, adj., mild [milid]
military, militdr-, Tcrigs- [mifi;
t'r-f Tcrik's-]
[tayW]
have a mind
to
1.
hava
lust att
-en,
er [mi-
{nS'td*'\
[neif]
[nek'tdrga^l]
no, nej (icke) \nejt^
noise, Ijud, 5. -et,
-et,
larm,
5.
Ijmtd, lartm]
-f-
3.
minute,
-n
-t,
randd']
to,
minute,
faUt]
navy, fiotta,
[kviTc'sU'vdr]
[sser-
vett]
nmtt]
miss (thre train), Icomma, IV.,
for sent till [kom'a' foe.'r senit
foetr titddn]
tilf]
hlandning,
mixture,
2.
-en,
-ar
[blan'dnip']
modern,
nymodig [nymo/-
adj.,
dig]
mdnad,
3.
[moj'ddr']
mountain, berg,
mouth,
[munt]
mun,
move, flytta,
muddy,
gammal
old, adj.
oldfashioned,
adj.
[gam'aV^
gammalmodig
[gam'almco'digl
nad^]
to
obligatorisk,
adj.
obligatory,
adj.,
opening,
oppning, 2. -en, -ar
[dp niy^]
orchard, frukttrddgdrd, 2. -en,
-ar [fruk'tregoUd]
ordning, 2. -en,
order,
niy^],
5. -et,
[basdtj]
2.
-nen, -nar
I.
[flyt'a']
smutsig [smut'sig']
dra^g],
[o'jud5. -et,
[up'bestdllning, 2. -en, -ar
uppdrag,
[bdstsl'niT)']
orderbook,
orderbok,
-boker [o'rddrbco^k']
ore,
3.
-en,
3. -en, -er
organ, 5. -et,
malm,
organ,
verktyg, 5.
-et,
[mdtalt]
[orgatn],
[v^rkty'g]
nagel,
name,
2.
namii,
-et,
[namtn]
overcoat,
overrock,
[0V9rro]
2.
-en,
-ar
200
Vocabulary.
to
pl)^,
1.
Tcryssa,
polite, adj.
[krys'a']
hovlig [he'vlig-]
fa^]
painter,
mdlare,
5.
-w,
[fcerel^-
pi.
drar]
park, park, 3. -e/i, -er [_par/fc]
parsley, persilja, 1. -w,
[p^^-
sif.^'a]
partridge,
1.
rapphona,
-or
-?2,
[rap'/iO^Tia]
patriotism,
2. -ew,
-ar
[7ia??L-n]
-er [pos.'t]
post-card, hrevkort, 5. -ef r6re*v-e??,
5. -n,
postman, brevbdrare,
[bre'vb^^rard]
post-office, postkontor,
5. -ef,
[pos'tkontco'r]
post-paid, frankerad [frayke^rad]
post-paper, postpapper, 5. -ef, -j[po5"fj3ap'ar]
postage, porto, 4. -f, -ti [por'fw*]
postage-stamp, frimdrke, 4. -f, -ti
[fri'mseju^kd]
3.
fosterlandskdrlek,
peace-establishment,
3.
fredsfot,
[bco'ndd']
pen-knife, pennkniv,
2.
[pm'fcm'v]
pencil, blyertspenna,
[bly'dMspm'a]
w,
-or
professor,
professor,
[projfes'or^]
1.
3. -en,
-er
[fa-
[mol'niy']
piece, sty eke, 4.
-f,
3. -ew,
platina, platinum,
-ar
par']
pheasant, fasan,
sa!n]
-ew,
pistol, pistol,
/lamn,
post, posf, 3.
Tco/jit]
[mo'-
[_29apar']
lard']
port,
-n [styk'9']
profit
and
loss,
3.
-/i,
-er
framstdende
adj.
prominent,
[fram'sto'dndd]
properly, adv. vederborligen {ve'ddrboe'rligdn]
prosperity,
vdlgdng
to protect,
skydda,
[ve'lgoy']
1.
[/yd
a']
-er [pistcoU]
-ar [faZnfc']
platina,
[pla'tina']
to play, Zefca II., speZa
I.
-n,
-|-
I.
[le'ka\
speZa^]
pleasant, adj. behaglig [hdhaiglig]
to please, behaga I. [fta/io-'^a]
pleased, adj. beldten, nojd \bdloitdn]
pleasure, noje, 4. -f, -w [noj'd']
-ar
[vafc'faf']
[kvik'sil'vdr]
quiet, adj. sfi7/a [sfi'/a^j
201
English-Swedish.
-or
1. -n,
radish, rddisa,
\re'di''-
to rage,
I.
rasa,
[ra'sa,^]
jdrnvdg, 2. -en,
rail-way,
-ar
rund
round, adj.,
Russia,
sa\
Ryssland
[run'd]
[rys'lan^d]
ros%
[je'j,nv^g'\
\rey ndrop^d]
rake, rdfsa, 1. -n, or [ref-sa^]
rancid, adj. hdrsken \J^8eJ:sk^n'^']
reading-book, ldseboTc,2.-n, -bocker
[Itsdho/lcl
reasonable, fornuftig [fcernuf.tig^
receipt, Tcvitto, 4. -t, -n \hvit'a)^)^
to receive, (ejmottaga, IV. [mco't-
ffriskna']
ta^ga]
to recover,
I.
recruit,
-er
[rd-
-en,
-ar
-n
[re'-
tillfriskna,
rekryt, 3. -en,
krytt]
reform, forhdttring,
2.
[foerbd^riy]
regiment, regemente,
4. -t,
[til'-
register,
rekommendera,
[re'komendeira']
to regret, beklaga,
regular, adj.
I.
I.
[bdklatga]
regelmdssig
[re'gdl-
mssHg]
to reign,
r eg era,
hdrska,
I.,
I.
[rdjetra, hse'dska^]
-ar
[rdje.'-
riy];
stsVa],
framstdlla,
II.
[fram'-
steVa]
to require,
II.,
rich
adj.,
ripe, adj.,
fordra,
I.
[se'^Zara']
-nen,
-man
[sa:tlisk]
sea,
ha.'vdt]
ansvarig
kvickna,
W/c [nVA;]
I.
mogen
[an's-
[A:!;{A:*wa']
[morgdn^']
room, rwm,
root, rof, 3.
to root out,
1.
5.
synas,
II.,
tyckas,
II.
[hogak'ta]
river,
rose, ros,
salt,
to seem,
I.
hogakta,
responsible, adj.,
va^rig]
to revive,
[/0"man']
salic, adj., salisk
-en [sor'j-
3.
3.
sjoman,
-ar
-en,
A:wn.'c?]
begdra,
[69J.V3, foj'rdra^]
to respect,
sailor,
2.
uppoffring,
[up'ofriy']
sadness, sorgsenhet,
Sdnhe^t]
sailer, seglare, 4. -n,
[lce.'rdag]
jdmenitd]
to
sacrifice,
-we^,
[rumt]
-en, -rotter [rojtt]
utrota, I. [la'trco^ta]
-en, -or [r(i>/s]
utsdnda,
II.
[m*^s?i'<^a]
September,
bdr]
sergeant,
September [septemi-
sergeant,
3.
-en,
-er
[s^er/an.^^]
hoUd\
13**
202
Vocabularj^
shoe, sko,
3.
-n, -r [skojt]
ga,
ga];
kort [kD!d,tli
the
sjuk [fmfk]',
de sjuka [det fm'ka']
short, adj.
sick, adj.
sick,
ever
from
speech
5.
trontal,
-et,
the
throne,
[troj'nta^l];
to deliver a speech,
hdlla
(ett)
tal [hoVa^]
to
[tektdn]
1.
II.
[tiVhrirj^a]
tig]
[ytmot^']
stamp, frimdrke, 4.
[sov'fo'gdl]
5. -eZ,
-n [fri'-
-t,
[so'0'l9e''rard\
siskin,
1.
gronsiska,
[gre'nsis'ka]
syster,
sister,
-or
-n,
-n,
-ar
[sys'-
ko/]
skilful, skicklig, adj. [fik'lig']
sky, himmel, 2. -n, -ar [him'dV]
smdle,
snipe, beckasin,
III.
[smo'Ze/]
3. -en, -er [&f-
-en,
-ar
[&a'n^o'.7.cZJ
to stay,
tdr']
2.
hangdrd,
station,
2,
stanna,
I.
[sZan'a'J
-n,
[^?;'a-
1.
steamer, dngare,
lagerbok,
-hooker [la'gdrho/k^
stockbook,
stocking,
1.
strumpa,
-n,
-e?i,
-or
[strum'pa^]
snout, nos, 2. -en, -ar [nco>/s]
snow, sno, 2. -n,
[sn0/]
sock, halvstrumpa, 1. -n, -or
[hal'vstru7n^pa]
sofa,
soft,
syra,
1.
-n,
-or [syra'^
sorgsen [sor\jsdn^];
sorry, tZeZ gor mig ant
[det: joe!r miig ojntt]
sorry,
I
adj.
am
5.
-cZ,
straw-hat, halmhatt,
[y^aZ'wAaZ']
stream,
street,
./ZocZ,
gata,
strict, adj.
3.
1.
[suntd]
-en, -ar
2.
-en, -er
-n,
strdng
-or
[.^co.'cZ]
[aa'Zri'j
[strey.]
siuderkammare, 2.
-kamrar [stut'ddrkarn'ard]
study,
-n,
203
Swedish-English.
under sate,
subject,
2.
-ar
-n,
5. -et,
sugar, socker,
to
passa,
suit,
[sok!9r}
-{-
III.
anstd,
I.,
an'sto']
[pas'a,',
summer, sommar,
o.
fe?27i,
[som'rar^]
dag]
2.
soluppgdng,
-en,
-\-
sprdk,
5. -et,
ji'va]
-et,
[svaUd]
redskap,
ka^p]
tooth, tand,
[red's-
5.
-et,
3. -en,
table,
5. -et,
bord,
-tdnder[tan!d]
[bojUd]
-en, -ar
[b(o\iddui'k]
skrdddare,
tailor,
5. -n,
[skre-
d'avd^]
to take, taga, IV. [fa'^a']
taste,
tea,
sma^,
te,
3.
2.
-en,
-er
-ef,
[^an'6?/an'c?9]
train, ^a^, 5. -e^ [^o/^]
transatlantisk
adj.
[s??^.^A:]
I.,
traveller,
saga,
II. [&9-
resande,
san^dd]
tree, ^ra5,
I.
[/cer-
5.
-e^,
3.
-e/i,
[tre!]
adj. (river),
bekymmer,
5.
-et,
[bdgymidr]
trunk, 6dZ, 2. -en, -ar [6o.7]
to try, forsoka, II. [/cers6VZ:a]
tulip, tulpan, 3. -e?i, -er [^wi'_pa/n]
Tuesday, tisdag,
temperature, vdrmegrad,
-or [re'sa'j
5. -n,
[re'-
biflod, 3.
-en, -er [bi'flco'd]
troop, trupp, 3. -en, -er [^rt/p.'j
trouble,
tributary,
[fe.']
to teach,
[s!(reA:*a^]
5. -n,
^2/^.^a]
2.
bordduk,
\ls'-
-et,
[tran'satlanttisk]
to transplant, forflytta,
table-cloth,
transatlantic,
-ef,
[sprotk]
5.
tdta'l]
tool,
[soj'lup^gorj]
sword, svcird,
5.
tonnage, Idstetal,
sunrise,
[^en/]
-|-
-et,
jdrnbleck,
[j*./-ri6Zeit']
-somrar
2. -en,
[^ro??']
3. -e?i, -er [ti'd-
puy^kt]
tin,
tin-plate,
kvav [kva'v]
sultry, adj.
fran^
tight, adj.
time, tidpunkt,
\un'ddrsoHd\
2. -en,
-ar
[^zV.s--
dag]
-er [v^-rmdgra^d]
to thank, tocA^a, I. [tak'a^]
to thaw, smdlta, II. [sm^Z'ifa']
therefore,
ddrfor [dmrfdir]
thirst, ^ors^,
2.
-e?i,
[^cex^s^]
Thursday,
[toMi
torsdag,
2.
-en,
-ar
to unite,
universal, adj.
allmdn
[^al'ms^n]
204
Vocabulary.
5.
water, vatten,
water-lily,
-et,
ndckros,
[i-at:dn\
1.
-en,
-or
[nek'rco^s]
got']
vegetables,
gronsaker,
[gro'n-
pi.
sa'kdr]
vessel,
fartyg,
victory, seger,
[fa'rty'g]
b.-et,
2.
-n,
-ar [setgdv]
5. -et,
vineyard, vinberg,
[vi'n-
ba^rtj]
1.
vinegar, dttika,
violblomma,
violet,
1.
-or
-n,
besok, 5. -et,
to visit, besoka, II.
visit,
[bsso^kl
[&as0.^A;a]
wall,
vdgg,
walnut,
2.
[?;o'^t'f^c:?arJ
der, 5. -ef,
wide, adj. vid [vi!d]
window, fonster, 5. -et,
[fon:-
stdr]
wine, vin, 3. -e^, -er [vi!n]
wine-bottle, vinbutelj, 3. -en, -er
[vi'nbm'telj]
wire,
telegram,
3.
-en,
-me^,
[skri'vU^rard']
[ta'ga'
-notter
[va'lno't]
Printed by
J.
[^e'-
valnot,
5.
Z^^raw.']
wise, adj. vis [viis]
to wish, onska, I. [on'sfca']
[w??.'c?9r]
wonder, under, 5. -ef,
to wonder, undra, 1. [wn'c?ra']
2.
wool, ull,
-671,
[uU]
promenad
Wednesday, onsdag,
ka!n]
volunteer, friviUig [fri'vilHg]
taga sig en
weather, vdder,
HOrning,
Heidelberg.
[tV
[o!r]
gotr]
^^s
Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer
FOR THE STUDY OP MODERN LANGUAGES.
PUBLISHED BY JuLIUS GrOOS, HeIDELBERG.
passed by any other German publisher. The series consists of 290 volumes
of different sizes which are all arranged on the same system, as is easily
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that an acquaintance with one greatly facilitates the study of the others.
This is no small advantage in these exacting times when the knowledge of
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The textbooks of the Gaspey - Otto - Sauer method have, within the
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The chief advantages, by which they coinpare favorably with thousands
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The grammars are all divided into tivo parts., commencing ivith a
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in succession, the first giving a rapid sketch of the fundamental rules, which
are explained more fully in the second.
The rules appear to us to be clearly givefi, they are explained by examples,
and the exercises are quite sufficient.
To this method is entirely due the enormous success with which the
Gaspey -Otto -Salter textbooks have met; most other grammars either
content themselves with giving the theoretical exposition of the grammatical
forms and trouble the pupil with a confused mass of the most far-fetched
irregularities and exceptions ivithout ever applying them, or go
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to distinguish
them
them from other wvrks of a similar kind
Conversational Grammars,
The first series comprises manuuls for the use of Englishmen and
consists of 54 volumes.
Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer
for the study of
modern languages.
Our admiration for this rich collection of loorUs, for the method displayed and tlve fertile genius of certain of the authors, is increased whe}i ive
examine the other series, ivhich are intended for the use of foreigners.
In these iwrJcs the chief difficulty under ivhich several of the authors
have laboured, has been the necessity of teaching a language in a foreign
idiom; not to mentio7i the peculiar difficulties ivhich the German idiom offers
in ivriting school-booJcs for the study of that language.
We must confess that for those persons who, from a prdctical point
of view, wish to learn a foreign language sufficiently well to enable them to
ivrite and speak it with ease, the authors have set down the grammatical
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Moreover, we cannot but commend the elegance and neatness of the type
and binding of the booJcs. It is doubtless on this account too that these
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We
willingly testify that the whole collection gives proof of much care
to the aims it has in view and the way. i7i
which these have bee^i carried out, and, moreover, reflects great credit on the
editor, this collection being in reality quite an exceptional thing of its Jcind."
t.
Elementary
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Modern Armenian Grrammar by
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Dntcli
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Method Gaspey-Otto-Sauer
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Kleine
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A-rnienian Edition.
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Schliissel
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LDnala
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