Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The valve is opened until the pressure equilibrium on both sides of the double membrane is restored.
When the valve is opened the supply air flows directly to the outlet with a pressure proportional to the
valve opening.The relationship between the input current and the output air pressure is linear as the
feedback within the relays is 100%and therefore the pneumatic amplification is 1:1
Control valve:
In most of the industrial process control systems control valve is the final control element. The control
valve consists of two major components, 1. Actuator 2.Valve. The actuator is made up of flexible
diaphragm, spring and spring tension adjustments, plate, stem and lock nut, housing. The valve is made
up of body, plug, stem, pressure tight connection.Based on the principle of operation the control valves
can be classified into Linear, Equal percentage and Quick opening.
Linear control valve: Flow is directly proportional to valve lift.
Equal percentage control valve: Flow changes by a constant percentage of its instantaneous value for
each unit of valve lift.
Quick opening control valve: Flow increases rapidly with initial travel reaching near its maximum at a
low lift. The output pressure of I/P converter is given to the control valve which changes the opening of
the control valve and hence changes the flow rate.
Data acquisition system:
This consists of ADC, DAC,I/V,V/I and RS232. This system acquires data from the process station to the
computer and sends the data from the computer to the process loop.
Precautions:
1. Check the air inlet pressure to the process station as 50 100 psi.
2. Check whether I/P converter inlet pressure is 20 psi.
3. Let hand valve HV1 and HV3 be fully opened position.
4. Keep by pass valve HV2 partially opened.
5. Check whether there is any leakage in air and water path.
6. Check whether the water in the reservoir tank is sufficient to fill the process tank.
7. Dont switch on the motor when control valve is fully closed.
8. Switch off the mains before making the connections.
Procedure:
1. Give connections between the process and controller (Computer).
2. Switch on the power supply and the motor.
3. Select a suitable controller.
4. Tune the controller parameters.
5. Observe the response. After reaching the steady state give disturbance by suddenly opening and closing
the hand valve HV2.
6. Let the process to reach the steady state.
7. View the response for different set points and plot the response.
8. Plot the transmitter characteristics, controller characteristics and closed loop response.
Result:
Thus the closed loop response of flow control loop was obtained