Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Panitia Sains
(Kimia)
MELIORA HIC SEQUAMUR
KE ARAH KECEMERLANGAN PENDIDIKAN
Set 1
Graph 1 shows the temperature against time of solid substance X when heated. Substance X is an
organic compound and flammable.
Temperature / 0C
80
36
Time/
s
0 GRAPH 1
(a) Draw a diagram of the set-up of the apparatus used to determine the melting point of substance X.
[ 2 marks]
(b) (i)
(ii)
[ 1 mark]
Set 1
[ 2 marks]
(d) Identify subtance X
.....................................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
2
Diagram 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.V,W,X,Y and Z do not represent the actual
symbol of the elements.
1
18
2
13
14
15
16
17
W
X
V
Z
Y
(a)
DIAGRAM 2
Write the electron arrangement of V ion.
(b)
....................................
.
[1 mark ]
(i)
Which of the element is not chemically reactive.
.
(ii)
(c)
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
Explain your answer in (b)(i).
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
V and Y are located in the same group in the Periodic Table of Elements.
(i)
Which of the element is more reactive?
(ii)
.......................................................................................................................................
[1 mark ]
Explain your answer in (c)(i).
......................................
......................................
(d)
......................................
[3 marks]
Y reacts with iron to form a compound.
(i) State one property of the compound formed.
........................................
[1 mark]
Set 1
[ 2 marks]
3 The table 3 shows melting point, boiling point and electrical conductivity of substance P, Q, R, and T .
Electrical conductivity
\Substance
Solid
Molten
805
1460
No
Yes
1549
2950
Yes
Yes
-210
-153
No
No
-7
59
No
No
Table 3
(a) Which of the substances is a metal ?
.
[1 mark]
(b) (i) state the type of particle in substance P ?
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why substance P cannot conduct electricity in solid but can conduct electricity molten state.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
(c) (i) What is the physical state of R and T at room temperature ?
R : ............................................
T : ......................................
[2 marks]
[ 2 marks ]
Set 1
.
[ 2 marks ]
4
The diagram 4 shows the electron arrangement of compound J. Compound J formed from reaction
between element X and element Y
__
2+
__
Diagram 4
(a)
How are Y ion and X ion formed from their respective atoms?
Y ion: ..
(b)
X ion :
[ 2 marks]
(i)
Write the formula for compound J
........................................................................................................................
(ii)
(iii)
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between element X and element Y to form
compound J.
..............................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c)
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]
(iii)
Set 1
Y can react with carbon to form a compound. Draw the electron arrangement for the
compound formed.
[Given that proton number for carbon is 6]
[2 marks]
5
In an experiment to determine the empirical formula of an oxide of copper , the combustion tube with
the porcelain dish are weighed. Oxide of copper is added into the porcelain dish and the tube is
weighed again. The oxide of copper is heated strongly. After the set of apparatus cools down to room
temperature the combustion tube with its content is weighed again.
The following data is obtained.
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish
Mass of combustion tube + porcelain dish + oxide of copper
Mass of combustion tube +porcelain dish + copper
=
=
=
19.60 g
25.68 g
24.46 g
(a)
(b)
[1 mark]
Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment.
[2 marks]
(c)
(d)
[3 marks]
....................................
[1 mark]
Set 1
Before oxide of copper is heated, hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through the apparatus until
all the air in the combustion tube is completely removed.
Describe the steps that should be taken to ensure that all air in the combustion tube has been
removed.
[3 marks]
(f) (i)
Can the empirical formula of magnesium oxide be determined using the same method as
above? Explain your answer.
.....................................
.....................................
[2 marks]
(ii) Draw a labeled diagram of the set-up of the apparatus for the experiment
[2 marks]
6.
Diagram 6 shows shows the chemical symbols which represent elements R, S and T.
35
17
12
6
23
11
Diagram 6
(a) (i) Write the electron arrangement of atom T
[ 1 mark]
(ii) State the period and the group for element T in the Periodic Table.
Period : ...................................................
Group : ...........................................................
[2 marks]
(b)
[1 mark]
(ii) State one physical property of the compound formed in b(i)
..
[1 mark]
Set 1
[2 marks]
(ii) Name the force that exist between particles in the compound formed .
........................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark]
(iii) The melting point of the compound formed is 801 C and its boiling points is 1413 C. What is te
state of matter for this compound at 1000 C.
..........................................................................................................................
...................
[ 1 mark]
(d)
[1 mark]
Lactic acid is an acid produced in milk by bacteria that causes the milk to taste sour. Table 7 shows
the percentage of composition by mass of each element in lactic acid.
Element
Percentage
Carbon
40.00
Hydrogen
6.67
Oxygen
53.33
TABLE 7
(a) Based on the information above, calculate the empirical formula of lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16
[3 marks]
(b) Relative molecular mass of lactic acid is 90. Determine the molecular formula of lactic acid.
[2 marks]
(c) Calculate the number of hydrogen atom in 1 mol of lactic acid?
Given that Avogadro number ,NA = 6.02 10 23 mol-1
[2 mark]
(d) Calculate the number of moles of 4.5 g lactic acid.
Given that the relative atomic mass of H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16
[1 mark]
Set 1
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the molecular formula of ethanoic acid.
[2 marks]
8
Silver ion
Zinc ion
Nitrate ion
Chloride ion
Formula of ions
Ag+
Zn2+
NO3-
Cl-
TABLE 8
(a) Write the formula for each compound below :
(i) Silver nitrate
............................................................................................
: .......................................................................................................
: .......................................................................................................
: .......................................................................................................
[4 marks]
(b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, white precipitate, silver chloride and
zinc nitrate solution are formed.
(i)
(ii)
Products : .......................................................................................................................
[2 marks]
Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs in (b).
...........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) The following equation shows the decomposition of silver nitrate by heat.
2AgNO3
2Ag
+ 2NO2
+ O2
If 85.0 g of silver nitrate is heated completely, calculate :
(i) the mass of silver formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of N =14; O = 16; Ag =108
[3 marks]
(ii)
[2 marks]
Set 1
(a) Diagram 9 shows the models of atoms which were developed by Ernest Rutherford and Neils Bohr
and modern atomic model.
Electron moves outside the
nucleus
Electron
Shell
Modern
atomic
structure
Nucleus contains
protons
Bohrs model
DIAGRAM 9
(i)
(ii)
What is the difference in the position of electrons between the Rutherfords model and Bohrs
model
[2 marks]
Draw the electron arrangement of an atom that consist of 13 electrons using the modern atomic
model
[2 marks]
(iii)
[4 marks]
(b) Chlorine has two isotopes which are chlorine-35 and chlorine-37.The proton number of chlorine is 17.
X
(i) Write the symbol for one of the isotope of chlorine in the form of
A
Z
[3 marks]
(ii) Compare the number of sub atomic particles in these two isotopes
[4 marks]
(c) Describe fully the atomic structure for chlorine isotope that you have stated in 1(b)(i)
[5 marks]
ESSAY SECTION C
10
(a)
(b)
(c)
Set 1
(i)
[ 1 mark]
(ii)
10
Proton number
12
17
TABLE 11
(a) Based on electron arrangement, explain the formation of chemical bond between
(i)
element P and element P
[5 marks ]
(ii)
[7 marks ]
(b) Gas P reacts with element Q to produce a white solid.
(iii)
Write a chemical equation for the reaction between gas P and element Q.
(ii)
State three physical properties of the white solid.
[ 4 marks]
]
(c) What is the position of elelment Q in the Periodic Table of the elements?
Explain how do you obtain your answer.
[ 4 marks ]
PAPER 3
12. The diagram below shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to determine the freezing point of
substance X.
thermometer
Substance X
Volumetric flask
The diagram below shows the thermometer reading for the cooling of substance X at certain time
intervals.
95
90
90
90
90
85
85
85
85
80
80
80
2nd Minute
3rd minute
0 Minute
1st minute
90
90
80
75
85
85
75
70
80
70
65
4th minute
Set 1
5th minute
6th minute
11
7th Minute
Record the thermometer readings shown in the diagram above by completing the table below.
time/minute
Temperature/ oC
[3 marks]
(b)
Draw the graph of temperature against time on the graph paper provided.
(c)
[3 marks]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(ii) State the inference for your answer in (c) (i) .
[3 marks]
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(d)
(e)
[3 marks]
What is the freezing point of substance X? Show and label it on the graph how you obtained the
answer.
.............
Based on this experiment, what is meant by freezing point?
[3 marks]
...
...
(f)
[3 marks]
If substance X is heated from room temperature until 100 oC, what is the temperature when
substance X starts to melt? Explain your answer.
.......................
[3 marks]
13
Elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of Elements can be arranged based on the
reactivity of the elements with water.
An experiment is carried out to investigate the statement above.The table below shows the apparatus
set up and the observations for the experiment to determine the reactivity of the Group 1 elements
based on their reactions with water.
Apparatus set-up
Lithium
water
))
Potassium
))
)))) )
Set 1
water
12
)) )
(a)
State the variables that are involved in the experiment.
Name of variables
Action to be taken
(i) Manipulated variable:
(i) The way to manipulate variable:
..
..
..
...
..
..
..
[6 marks]
(b)
[3 marks]
(c)
Based on the observations in the figure above, arrange lithium, potassium and sodium in the
descending order of reactivity of metals towards water.
Solution X was produced from the reaction of sodium with water. Classify the ions that exist in
solution X into positive ions and negative ions.
Positive Ions
Negative Ions
[3 marks]
Set 1
13
Water
Plan an experiment in the laboratory to investigate the reactivity of lithium, sodium and potassium with water
and describe the effect of the solution produced towards a red litmus paper.
The planning of your experiment must consist of the following:
(a) Aim of experiment
(b) Statement of the hypothesis
(c) All the variables
(d) List of substances and apparatus
(e) Procedure of the experiment
(f) Tabulation of data
[17 marks]
Set 1
14
(a)
Thermometer
Boiling tube
water
Substance X
Heat
[Functional diagram ]
[ Labeled]
1
1
80 oC
(ii)
PQ : solid
RS : liquid
1
1
(iii)
1
1
(iv)
(b) (i)
(c)
Temperature / 0C
80
Time/s
[The shape of the graph is correct and 80 C on graph]
[ Both axis are labeled with unit ]
1
1
naphthalene
1
11
(d)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Set 1
2.8.8
(i)
(ii)
Z
Achieve octet electron arrangement // achieve 8
electron in the outermost shell // 8 valence electron
1
1
1
(i)
(ii)
15
1
1
(i)
(ii)
Iron
Y/Chlorine gas
Heat
Functional diagram and heating is shown
Y/Chlorine gas and iron labeled
1
1
10
3 (a)
3(b)(i)
3(b)(ii)
Ion
solid state : Ions are not freely moving// ions are in a fixed position.
molten state : Ion can move freely
R : Gas
T : Liquid
1
1
1
1
3(c)(i)
3(c)(ii)
3(c)(iii)
1
1
Total
(a)
(b)
(c)
1
1
(i)
X2 Y
(ii)
Ionic bond
(iii)
4X
(i)
X : 2.8.2
Y : 2.8.7
1
1
(ii)
(ii)
(d)
10
Y2 2X2Y
Atom X and atom Y have the same number of shells occupy with electrons
The number of proton in the nucleus of atom Y is more than X
Nulcei attraction to the electrons in the shells of atom Y is stronger than X
1
1
1
1
1
Total
5
Set 1
(a)
16
12
(b)
Dry hydrogen gas
Heat
Functional diagram an heating is shown
Dry hydrogen gas and oxide of copper are labelled
(c)
Cu
1
1
/ 0.076
1.22 / 0.076
16
CuO
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Collect the gas in a test tube
Put lighted wooden splinter at the mouth of the test tube
No pop sound
(f) (i) No
Magnesium more reactive than hydrogen //
Hydrogen less reactive than magnesium // hydrogen below
magnesium in reactivity series.
(ii)
1
1
1
1
1
1
(d)
(e)
Magnesium
Heat
Functional diagram and heating is shown
Magnesium is labeled
6
(a)
(b)
1
1
14
2.8.1 // 2,8,1
ii
3
1
1
1
Covalent bond
ii
(c)
(i)
T
R
Set 1
(ii)
Elecrostatic
1
1
1
(iii)
17
S, R,T
1
Total
(a)
Element
40.00
12
Number of moles
(mol)
6.67
1
53.33
16
= 3.33
= 6.67
= 3.33
Ratio of moles
(b)
90
30
(d)
(e)
4.5
90
= 0.05 mol
3 Mr of ethanoic acid = 2 Mr of lactic acid
Mr of ethanoic acid =
1
1
1
2 x 90
3
= 60
(f)
1
1
= 3
(c)
n (30) = 60
n = 2
Molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 / CH3COOH
1
1
11
(a) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
AgNO3
ZnCl2
AgCl
Zn(NO3)2
1
1
1
1
(b) (i)
(ii)
(c) (i)
2AgNO3
+ ZnCl2
2AgCl
= 0.5 mol
(ii)
SECTION B
9 (a) (i) 1. Atom consist proton and electron
2. Electrons in the shell
Set 1
Zn(NO3)2
85
=
170
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
1
18
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
any 5
Total: 20
SECTION C
2.2
=
0.05 mol
44
2.2
=
= 1.1 mol
2
1
1
The number of mole of carbon dioxide is smaller; therefore, its volume is smaller than
the volume of hydrogen
1
(b) (i)
The empirical formula of a compound is the formula that shows the simplest
whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in the compound.
1
(ii)
[Material and apparatus ]
[Magnesium ribbon, sand paper, crucible with lid, tongs, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, pipe-clay
triangle and balamce.] or [diagram]
2
[Procedure]
A crucible and its lid is weighed and its weight is recorded.
1
A 10 cm length of magnesium ribbon is coiled loosely and is placed in the crucible. 1
The crucible with its lid and content are weighed again and the weight is recorded . 1
The crucible is heated strongly without its lid.
1
When the magnesium starts to burn, the crucible is covered with its lid.
Using a pair of tongs, the lid is lifted at intervals.
1
When the burning is completed, the lid is removed and
the crucible is heated strongly for 2 minutes.
1
The rucible is allowed to cool to room temperature.
1
The crucible and its lid and content are weighed again and its weight is recorded.
1
max 5
[Precautions taken]
Set 1
19
The magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sand paper to remove the layer of
magnesium oxide on the surface.
The crucible must cover with its lid to prevent the white fumes of
magnesium oxide of escaping.
The processes of heating, cooling and weighing are repeated until
a constant mass is obtained.
[any two of the above]
[ Results ]
Crucible + lid
Crucible + lid + magnesium
Crucible + lid + magnesium oxide
[ Calculation ]
Element
Mass(g)
Number of moles of atoms
Simplest ratio of moles
Magnesium
b-a
b-a/24
X
= a g
= b g
= c g
Oxygen
c-b
c-b/16
y
2
1
11
(c)
1
2
3
(a)(i)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1
1
1
20
Two atoms of P combine through covalent bond.
1
Each atom of P needs two more electrons to achieve octet electron arrangement.
Each atom of P contributes two electrons to each other for sharing.
1
Two atoms of P share two pairs of electrons.
1
A double covalent bond is formed.
2
(ii)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
2+
2
(b)(i) 2Q + P2
(ii)
Set 1
1.
2.
3.
2QP
20
1
1
1
12 (b)
95.0
89.0
84.5
83.0
83.0
83.0
77.0
70.0
Melting point
Set 1
1
1
1
1
20
21
Question
12 (c) (i)
12 (c) (ii)
12 (d)
12
Que
stion
13 (a)
12 (e)
(f)
Rubric
Suggested answer:
Manipulated variable : metals of
Group 1 elements // sodium,
lithium, potassium.
13 (b)
13 (c)
Set 1
Suggested answer:
Repeat the experiment by using the metals
of sodium, lithium and potassium
Able to state the relationship between the manipulated variable and the
responding variable correctly..
Suggested answer: The reactivity of Group 1 elements increases going down
the group.
Able to arrange correctly the reactivity series of the metals according to
22
14(e)
14(f)
Set 1
Observations
23