Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sign In | Register | Text Size
Search
| Home | Analysis | Changemakers | Books & Reports | Features | Agenda | Contact Us | About Us | Submit Content | Network | February 10, 2010
Home > Women > Related Features
The phone call was frantic. “I’ve had enough. Get me out of here,” Meena Tirki told Education
her sister, sobbing desperately.
Environment
The only problem was Meena could not tell her sister where she was. She had
been working in a house in Lakshmi Nagar, Delhi, for 11 months but she did not Governance
know the address or the name of her employer.
Health
The placement agency had told her she could go home when her 11 months were
up. But they had not come for her. And her employer refused to let her go. Meena HIV/AIDS
had barely stepped out of her employer’s house since she first arrived in the city.
She would be lost if she tried to run away. Human Rights
Meena had run away from home with a woman ‘agent’ from her village in Livelihoods
Jharkhand’s Gumla district. Her sister Sangeeta was already in Delhi earning
money as a domestic worker. Meena wanted to work like her. The agent handed Media
Meena over to a placement agency in Punjabi Bagh and they sent her off to her
employer’s house. Microcredit
Meena’s job was to look after two small children while her employer and his wife
Population
went to work. She also had to do the cleaning, washing and other domestic chores.
She did not know how much the agency charged for her services. For 11 months,
Poverty
overworked and lonely, she tried to cope with her new circumstances. Her employer
did not allow her to make telephone calls; she could not keep in touch with her
Right to Information
sister or her family back home.
Several months later, her sister learnt that Meena was in Delhi. Somehow she Trade & Development
managed to get the telephone number of Meena’s employer from the woman agent
and spoke to her sister. But the employer would not reveal his address or let her Technology
meet Meena.
Urban India
Sangeeta, 19, is smart and unlike her uneducated sister she studied up to Class 7.
This is her fourth year of work in Delhi and she knows her way around the city. She Water Resources
wears skirts and high heels, carries a mobile phone, listens to music on it and
chats with her friends while she works in her employer’s kitchen. She was lucky to Women
find work through Nirmala Niketan, a cooperative of tribal domestic workers from
Jharkhand, which tries to organise girls and women like her to fight for their rights.
Microsites
Sangeeta spoke to the staff at Nirmala Niketan about her sister, and together they
decided that it would be best for Meena to finish her 11month term. If she left Toxic Tours
earlier she could lose six months’ wages.
Film Forum
But Meena, desperate to leave, simply stopped working. Her employer called the
placement agency and packed her off. Sangeeta found out, rushed to the agency Defining Development
with people from Nirmala Niketan and, after a heated argument, managed to take
Meena away. She was paid her money a few days later. Kids for Change
For her months of hard work, Meena Tirki was finally paid the grand sum of Rs Globalisation
4,000. The placement agency gave her a full account on a piece of paper. Although
her wages were Rs 1,000 a month, there were a number of deductions: Rs 3,000 MDG 2015
towards agency fees, Rs 2,500 for medical bills that the employer had incurred for
the girl, Rs 1,100 as the cost of going to collect her wages every month! Videos
Cheated and disappointed, Meena decided she could not go home with so little Social Studies
money. Nirmala Niketan has offered to find her a better paying job.
In theory, Meena does have the option of suing the agency and her former employer
but it’s an option she is hardly in a position to exercise. Newsletter
Name
Meena’s sole consolation is the fact that at least she has escaped the clutches of
infochangeindia.org/…/Trafficking-wom… 1/3
2/10/2010 InfoChange India News & Features dev…
the agent and the agency. Most migrant domestic workers are not so lucky. Barely a Email
week passes without the city newspapers reporting incidents of brutal abuse of
domestic workers by employers or placement agencies. Subscribe
The placement agency racket is a lucrative one, with employers willing to hand over
anything from Rs 3,000Rs 10,000 as ‘registration fees’ for a residential domestic
worker. Agencies get a regular supply of workers by sending ‘agents’ out to recruit
girls from impoverished villages in states like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa
and West Bengal. Since they make a commission of a thousand or more rupees Syndicate
per recruit, they are anxious to find girls and lure them with false promises of good
jobs, smart clothes and plenty of money. Many of the girls are minors and are easily
impressed.
Once in the city, the agent hands them over to the placement agency, which is Add this page to your
usually just a room in a cheap locality, with an office table and chairs and a board favorite Social Bookmarking
proclaiming it to be a “registered” establishment. The girls cook in a corner and websites
sleep on the floor until they are found jobs. It is not unusual for agency owners or
agents to harass the girls sexually, even rape them.
Not only do agencies get a fat commission, many also collect the girls’ wages every
month directly from the employer. Some take the money and simply vanish! Both
agency and employer use nonpayment as a method of ensuring that the girls do
not run away and are forced to put up with any ill treatment. Often, the agency takes
the girl away from the employer on some pretext and places her with another house
so that it can pocket the extra registration fee! Or it shifts girls around to better
paying households. The girls themselves are never consulted and their views are
ignored. Often, girls are sent off to distant cities and small towns if the commission
offered is good enough.
The agencies take no responsibility for the girls. They do not check on the girls’
wellbeing or their working conditions; they do not even look after them if they fall ill.
At best, they may arrange to send a girl home if she outright refuses to work any
longer.
Curiously enough, there are no laws that seem to apply to placement agencies.
They are not registered with civic bodies, labour departments or the police. They
have no licence. They exist outside the ambit of the law, and they act like it. Yet the
money involved is massive and the agency racket is growing, with kickbacks to the
police to ensure a troublefree existence. An agency that places 10 girls a month
could make an easy Rs 50,000 in registration fees alone, and Rs 20,000 every
month thereafter (Rs 5,000 per head for registration; Rs 2,000 per head per month
as wages).
Recently, the Kolkatabased Shramjeevi Mahila Samiti tried to track down a number
of missing girls and boys who had been trafficked to Delhi. They discovered that
nearly a hundred of them had been placed by a single agency based in Lado Sarai.
The rich agency owner, only five years ago, had been a vegetable vendor. The
fortunes of this tamatarwala changed when his brother married a woman from West
Bengal and they began trafficking women, girls and boys from her village to the city.
The problems of girls caught in the net of such placement agencies are made
worse by the attitude of many employers who treat them more like domestic slaves.
Many girls report their employers as saying: “We have bought you for a few
thousand rupees. Now you have to do whatever we want.” Employers often treat the
registration fee as license to work the girls round the clock, give them little to eat,
make them sleep in the kitchen, and deny them any form of rest and relaxation.
Alone in an unfamiliar environment, unaccustomed to urban lifestyles, sometimes
unable to speak the local language, migrant domestic workers find it hard to
demand even their basic rights. The women often suffer verbal and physical abuse,
including beatings and sexual abuse, at the hands of their employers and families.
Although the house is a domestic worker’s workplace, there are no laws to regulate
the working conditions in it. The domestic worker is officially not a worker and
cannot have recourse to the labour laws or labour courts, should a dispute arise
with the employer or the agency. There is no prescribed minimum wage for
domestic workers in most parts of India.
The conditions in which many residential domestic workers are forced to work are
akin to trafficking and violate several laws including the Bonded Labour Act. In many
cases the practice also violates the Child Labour Act and the Juvenile Justice Act.
Since the existing laws do not curb the exploitation of those in domestic work,
activists are calling for a specific law to regulate the sector.
The draft law envisages mandatory registration of workers, employers and ‘service
providers’ or placement agencies a step that’s essential to track down missing
girls and missing agencies. The registration authority will be state and districtlevel
boards that will enjoy some of the powers of civil courts and be able to look into
complaints, enter households to rescue workers, order the attendance and cross
examination of any person, call for the production of documents, etc. The draft law
also envisages the setting up of a welfare fund to provide social security to
infochangeindia.org/…/Trafficking-wom… 2/3
2/10/2010 InfoChange India News & Features dev…
domestic workers. It recommends that no one below the age of 18 be employed in
domestic work.
Exhaustive as this section is, it could specifically include the right to freedom of
movement and the right to maintain contact with family and friends. It should be
illegal to confine domestic workers to the house and to refuse them the right to
receive or make telephone calls to their families or to receive and write letters.
The issue of legislation calls for further debate. The NGO draft is exhaustive and its
spirit and valuable suggestions must be incorporated in any official draft law. At the
consultation, NCW member Malini Bhattacharya welcomed the suggestions made
and promised that the draft would be revised before being recommended to the
government.
As it stands, the NCW draft is far from perfect. But it is a significant first step towards
regulation of employment in the hugely exploitative sector of domestic work.
InfoChange News & Features, April 2008
Add this page to your favorite Social Bookmarking websites
Be the first to comment on this article
Please keep your comments relevant to the subject of the article.
Only moderated comments will appear on the site.
Comments should be limited to 250 words. If you wish to submit a longer comment,
it might be better to write an entire article and submit it to us for consideration
Name:
Comment:
Key in the Security
Code:*
Send
< Previous Next >
[ Back ]
About Us | Useful Links | Disclaimer | Acknowledgement | Newsletter | PDF Ebook | Site Map | Navigation Aid | Support Us | Announcement
© 2010 InfoChange India News & Features development news India
Developed By www.tekdi.net
infochangeindia.org/…/Trafficking-wom… 3/3