SKAA 2513

HYDRAULICS

STUDY ON FLOOD PROBLEM AT SG. PUSU

STUDENT/
MATRIC NO.

MOHD YUSRI BIN MOHAMED YUNUS

SX130576KAWS04
MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN MASRI
SX130588KAWS04
NUR NAZIRAH BINTI MOHD HADZIR
SX130614KAWS04
PUTRI NORSAFIAH BINTI AHMAD HAIRUDIN
SX130619KAWS04
RAHSIDI SABRI BIN MUDA
SX130622KAWS04

SESI - SEM

2013/2014 2

SECTION

02

LECTURER

DR. MOHAMAD HIDAYAT BIN JAMAL

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER
1

TITLE

PAGE

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background

1.2

Flooding and Drainage Issue

1.3

Problem Statement

1.4

Objectives of Study

1.5

Scopes of Study

ANALYSIS AND RESULT

2.1

Existing Site Condition

2.2

Analysis

2.3

Result

RECOMMENDATION

REFERENCES

APPENDICES
Appendix 1 - Work Program
Appendix 2 - Site Plan
Appendix 3 - Calculation Sheet

CHAPTER 1

1.1

INTRODUCTION

Background
The

International

Islamic

University

Malaysia

(Universiti

Islam

Antarabangsa Malaysia), also known as IIUM or UIAM, is one of the Public

Institutions of Higher Education (PIHE) in Malaysia. The main IIUM Campus is
nestled in a valley in the rustic district of Gombak, a suburb of the capital city of
Kuala Lumpur. This Garden of Knowledge and Virtue covers 700 acres, with elegant
Islamic-style buildings surrounded by green-forested limestone hills, attracts avid
photographers from among both locals and tourists.

1.2

Flooding and Drainage Issue

Flood is a nature and recurring event for a river and a stream. Flooding is a

result of heavy or continuous rainfall exceeding the absorptive capasity of soil and
the flow capacity of drainage, river or stream. This causes a water s to overflow onto
adjacent lands or river bank. In general, those land most subject to recurring floods,
situated adjacent to river and streams or drainage system is known as floodplains
area. Table 1.0 shown flood type and their causes.

2
Table 1.1: Flood type and their causes
Flood Type

Causes of Flooding

Extensive Basin Flood

Riverbank Overflow
Backwater effect from tidal influence affecting lower
reaches
Poor drainage from inland flood prone area
Inadequate drainage and storage system to catyer for rapid
urbanization

Inundation Basin Flood

Inland Flood
Urban Flash Flood

Flash floods are caused by the combination of various factors, among others
including the failure of the system due to blocked and silted drainage, insufficient
drainage systems, high rainfall intensities and improper garbage disposal.

1.3

Problem Statement
There are several flood occurrences in the Project area that have been

recorded. However, severe flooding occurred in October 2010, April 2012 and the
recent one in October 2013 (Rekod by Development Department IIUM). Most of the
floods occurred during the inter monsoon period which brought high intensity
rainfall to the relatively small catchment areas. In general, flood occurring at the lowlying areas could be aggravated by the insufficient capacity river, inadequate
capacity of drains and coupled with sediment loading in the river and drainage
system.
Floods occurred in many parts of the Project area and the frequent flooded
locations are listed below:
1.

Low laying area within the vicinity of Kulliyah Architecture

2.

Main Road from gate 1.

During the flood event in October 2013, the depth of flood water reached

almost 0.6m at those area. The recorded flood depth are between 0.3m 0.65 m
during heavy rainfall.

3
1.4

Objectives of Study
The main objectives of this study are as follows:

1.5

1.

To conduct hydraulic analysis to existing Sg. Pusu channel.

2.

Providing a solution to the flooding problem.

Scopes of Study
The study was focused on Sg. Pusu near the gate 1 of IIUM, which was the

location of the recent flood around the area. The scopes of study are:
1.

Survey the site to collect existing hydraulic geometric proporties of

the channel.

2.

To analyse the colected data to determine the cause of the problem.

3.

To design the most optimum channel to solve the flooding problem.

The location of the study site is shown below.

Figure 1.1: Location of study site

CHAPTER 2

2.1

ANALYSIS AND RESULT

Existing Site Condition

The channel is combination of 2 types of channel as listed below:
1.

Channel 1: Trapezoidal earth grass channel located upstream.

2.

Channel 2: Rectangular concrete channel located downstream.

The site plan is attached in Appendix. The geometrical properties of the

channel are tabulated below
Table 2.1: Geometrical properties of existing channel.
Channel ID
Channel 1
Channel 2

2.2

L (m)
280
200

y (m)
2.75
3.2

Geometrical Properties
B (m)
z
2.5
4
6
0

S (%)
0.2
0.32

Analysis
Analysis was made in accordance to MSMA 2nd Edition by JPS. The flow

rate was calculated using rational method and hydraulic anaylisis was made using
Manning equation. Calculation sheet is attached in Appendices.

5
2.3

Result
Exsiting geometrical properties for both channel is sufficient to receive the

calculated flow rate. However the transition between these two channels was proved
to be the cause of the flood problem.
The rectangular channel acted as a expansion for trapezoidal channel. Even
though the bottom width of rectangular channel is wider than trapezoidal channel, the
width is smaller compared to the critical width required by trapezoidal channel
resulting the backwater. Height of backwater is greater than the depth of trapezoidal
channel which caused the flood.

CHAPTER 3

RECOMMENDATION

The solution proposed to solved the problem is to embank the top bank of
trapezoidal channel to increase the depth up to the height of backwater. 300mm
freeboard has also been proposed as required by MSMA.
This is the most suitable solution and selected based on following
justifications:
1.

The least cost and time for contruction

2.

No interuption to existing channel

3.

No channel protection or diversion required

REFERENCES

Amat Sairin Demun (2010). Lecture Module for SKAA 2513 Hydraulics.
Unpublished, UTM.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia, JPS (2012). Urban Stormwater
Management Manual for Malaysia (MSMA 2nd Edition). Retrieved from
http://www.water.gov.my on January 22, 2013.

APPENDIX 1
Work Program

STUDY ON FLOOD PROBLEM AT SG. PUSU

Work Program

March
No.

Works Description

Action by

Site Survey

Yusri/Rashidi

Survey Data Processing

Yusri/Rashidi

Plan Drawing

Nazirah

Calculation

Asyraf

Report Preparation

Putri

Submission

Week
5

Week
6

April
Week
7

Week
8

Week
9

May
Week
10

Week
11

Week
12

Week
13

APPENDIX 2
Site Plan

UTMSPACE
E S T D

1 9 9 3

TM

APPENDIX 3
Calculation Sheet

Project:

Calculate by:

Group Assignment
Section:

Asyraf
Date:

Sg. Pusu
Reference

Sheet. No:

9/5/2014
Calculation

1/3
Output

Determine the flow rate:

Equation 2.2

T K

Where:
i = average rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
T = average recurrence interval, ARI (years)
d = storm duration (hours)

, K , , = constants based on location

Table 1.1

Select Major system for Institutional building/complex

Assumed 2 hours storm duration

Appendix 2.B
Table 2.B1

d=2

Select Station ID 3217001, Km 16 Gombak

66.328, K 0.144, 0.230, 0.859

Equation 2.3

ARI = 100years

T K
66.328 1000.144

64.64

0.859
d
2 0.23

i = 64.64mm/hr

CiA
360

Where:
Q = flow rate (m3/s)
C = runoff coefficient
i = average rainfall intensity
A = catchment area (ha.)
Table 2.5

Select highest coefficient for major system

Measured catchment area

CiA 0.95 64.64 450

77
360
360

C = 0.95
A = 450ha.

Q 77 m3 s

Project:

Calculate by:

Group Assignment

Asyraf

Section:

Date:

Sg. Pusu

Sheet. No:

9/5/2014

Reference

Calculation

2/3
Output

Check Existing Channel

Channel 1 (trapezoidal grass channel):

d 2.75m
B 2.5m
z4
Table 2.3

n 0.035
L 280m
S

69.7 68.8
0.0032
280
AR

2.5 y 4 y
2

2.5 2 y

1 4

yo yc

A
P

5
2

By zy
2

Qn

77 0.035
0.0032

B 2y

1 z2

Qn
S

y 2.74m

yo 2.74m

subcritical

subcritical

yo d OK

Channel 2 (rectangular concrete channel):

Table 2.3

d 3.2m
B 6m
n 0.015
L 200m
68.8 68.4
S
0.002
200
A
P

5
2

Qn
S

6 y

6 2 y

yo yc

By

B 2y

77 0.015
0.002

Qn
S
y 3.21m

subcritical

yo 3.21m

subcritical
yo d OK

Check transition from channel 1 to channel 2:

Eo yo

2.5 2.74 2 2.742

A
By zy 2
yo
2.74
3.49m
2T
2 B 2 zy
2 2.74 4 4 2.74

Eo 3.49m

Emin Eo h Eo 0 Eo 3.49m

yc 2 3Emin 3.49 2 3 2.33m

qc gyc3 9.81 2.333 11.12 m3 ms
Bc Q qc 77 11.12 6.93m
B2 6m Bc

Bc 6m
B2 control

Project:

Calculate by:

Group Assignment

Asyraf

Section:

Date:

Sg. Pusu

Sheet. No:

9/5/2014

Reference

Calculation

3/3
Output

q2 Q B2 77 6 12.83 m3 ms
yc 2 2.56m

yc 3 q 2 g 3 12.832 9.81 2.56m

Emin 1.5 yc 1.5 2.56 3.84m

Emin 2 3.84m

y2 yc 2 2.56m

y2 2.56m

E1,3 3.84m

E1,3 Emin h Emin 0 Emin 3.84m

2

y3

q
12.83
y3
3.84m
2 gy32
19.62 y32

y1

A
By1 zy12
2.5 y1 4 y12
y1
y1
3.84m
2T
2 B 2 zy1
2 2.5 8 y1

y3 2.56m

y3 2.56m

y1 3.02m d1
overflow

y1 3.02m

Determine length of backwater:

Calculated at 5 depth intervals

Q 2T
1

y
gA3
x
S K 2
1
K

y 3.02 2.74

17.5
S
5 0.0032
Let 1

Q 2T
K
and 1
gA3
K

x 17.5

3.020

2.964
2.908

2.992
2.936

26.436
25.988

2.852
2.796

2.880
2.824

25.540
25.092

2.740

2.768

24.644

R
A

43.288 1.593
41.820 1.566
40.378 1.538
38.960 1.511
37.567 1.483
Total Length

475.36 280
Backwater length channel length

x m

1687.047
1611.090

0.803
0.785

0.352
0.289

39.935
47.493

1537.293
1465.631

0.766
0.744

0.219
0.141

61.037
92.098

1396.078

0.719

0.054

234.799
475.36

overflow the whole channel

Proposed Channel
Proposed to increase top bank along channel 1.
Depth to be provided = 3.1m
16.3.3

Freeboard = 0.3m

Proposed
geometric:

B 2.5m

Proposed new depth = 3.4m

y 3.4m

Additional bank height = 3.4 2.75 = 0.65m

z4