Alstom GRID

Transformadores de Tensin
Capacitivo
Andr Fernando da Silva
20/08/2012

Agenda

1st topic

Finalidad de un TPC

Page 3

2nd topic

Circuito equivalente y Clculo de los errores

Page 12

3rd topic

Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes

Page 16

4th topic

Como especificar um TPC (Guia)

Page 50

5th topic

Accesorios y Conclusin

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Page 74

Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Finalidad de un TPC

Definicin
Los Transformadores de Tensin Capacitivos (CVT ) son equipos cuya
finalidad es reproducir en su circuito secundario una seal de tensin
proporcional a la tensin del circuito primario.
Para facturacin de energa y
proteccin en redes de alta tensin;
Aplicaciones de onda portadora
(transmisin de datos utilizando la
red elctrica).

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Histrico
En el pasado, divisores capacitivos eran utilizados para la obtencin
de seales de tensin para sistemas indicativos y de sealizacin y
de comunicacin a travs de la alta tensin.

Divisor de Potencial Capacitivo para

Sistema de Indicao

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Capacitor de Acoplamento
para Comunicao

Histrico
Buscando el aumento de la potencia de la carga y una mejor
precisin, el divisor de tensin capacitivo se desarrolla desde su forma
mas simple hasta el actual transformador de tensin capacitivo (CVT).

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Ventajas
Ejecuta la funcin de dos equipos, un TP y un Condensador de
Acoplamiento, economizando estructuras y consecuentemente
espacio.

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Ventajas
Siendo utilizados para medicin o proteccin son mas econmicos
que el TP para clases de tensin igual o superiores a 170kV,
dependiendo de las caractersticas de precisin y carga.
Son equipados con accesorios de sistemas de ondas portadoras para
seren usados en sistemas de comunicacin. Conocido como sistema
OPLAT (onda portadora en linea de alta tensin), utiliza la liena de
transmissin al invs de cables telefnicos para hacer comunicacin
entre subestaciones.
Con base en el sistema OPLAT, permite la emissin y recepcin de
voz, sinales elctricos para operaren equipamientos de telemetria,
telecomando y proteccin.

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Desventajas
La respuesta del circuito secundario es mas lenta comparada al TP
durante un cortocircuito secundario y cortocircuito primario.
No es aplicable para descarga de lnea en vacio, el TPC no es
capable de disipar la energa, visto que seu primario es un capacitor
y no una bobina de cobre como el TP convencional.
Desempeo en rgimen transitorio y en la ferroresonancia (ambos
solucionados por dispositivos internos).
Si la respuesta transitoria requerida por la norma de fabricacin del
CVT es suficiente para la actuacin correcta de los rels de
proteccin, entonces los costos entre el CVT y el TP deben ser
comparados.

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Diferencia de circuito: TP x TPC

Transformador de
Potencial Inductivo
P1

S1

Transformador de
Potencial Capacitivo
P1

S1

P2

S2

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P2

S2

CVT en el Sistema Elctrico

Deben ser conectados entre los dos puntos del circuito de
transmisin donde har la comunicacin.

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Circuito equivalente y Clculo de los errores

Circuito Equivalente del TPC

CE

Lp

Rp

Ls

Rs

Uo

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Rw

Carga

U2

Circuito Equivalente del TPC

Rp = Resistencia primaria del TPI + resistencia representa pierdas en el hierro y
cobre de la indutancia de ajuste LA + prdidas dielctricas de C1 y C2.
Lp = Inductancia de ajuste LA + Inductancia de fuga del primario del TPI
L = Inductancia equivalente a las perdidas dewattadas del circuito magntico del
TPI
Rw = Resistencia equivalente a las perdidas wattadas del circuito equivalente del
TPI
Ls = Inductancia de fuga del secundario del TPI
Rs = Resistencia del secundario del TPI
Z = Carga conectada en el secundario del TPC

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Clculos de los errores

Error de relacin:

100.P
1

% =
.
R
cos

L
+

2
C e
U 2 N

sen

Error de fase:

3438.P
1

min % =
. Rsen L
2
C e
U 2 N

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

cos

Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Tipos constructivos y partes constituyentes

Lnea de Productos
Condensadores de Acoplamiento
72kV hasta 765kV
OCCF

Transformadores de Potencial
Capacitivos 72kV hasta 765kV
OTCF

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Caractersticas generales

Un: 72,5kV hasta 765kV;

Cn de 1750 hasta 37500pF;
Capacidad trmica hasta 1500VA;
Aislamiento en laminas de Al/pelicula de
prolipropileno/papel kraft-aceite de alta calidad;
Excelente respuesta a transitorios;
Capacidad de resistencia ssmica;
Cumplimiento con IEC, ANSI/IEEE, NBR o
normativas equivalentes;
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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tipos Constructivos
Hasta 170kV - 1 mdulo

245kV Un362kV - 2 mdulos

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Tipos Constructivos
420kV Un550kV - 3 mdulos
Los equipos de 765kV presentan 4
mdulos;
La utilizacin de mdulos es para
hacer el transporte, los CVT son
transportados en la posicin
vertical;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tipos Constructivos

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Partes Constituyentes

Columna Capacitiva

TTI Inductivo

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Partes constituyentes

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Partes constituyentes
1- Terminal primario: 4 agujeros NEMA (aluminio fundido);
2- Cubierta del fuelle en aluminio fundido;
3- Fuelle de expansin en acero inoxidable, uno para cada modulo.
Tienen la funcin de controlar la presin del aceite;
4- Resorte de compresin: sirve para dar resistencia mecnica a los
pacotes dentro del aislador, para no alterar la capacitancia;
5- Conexin aislada de voltaje: Conecta el ultimo elemento al
flange;
6- Elementos del capacitor: forman la columna capacitiva

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3- Fuelle de expansin

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6- Elementos del capacitor

Los elementos del capacitor tienen una mezcla
de material dielctrico que consiste en capas
alternadas de pelcula de polipropileno, lminas
de aluminio y papel dielctrico kraft.
Las capas de papel kraft sirven como agente de
succin para asegurar una impregnacin
homognea del aceite sinttico;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

6- Elementos del capacitor

La relacin papel/pelcula/ lmina Al se determina
cuidadosamente a fin de proporcionar una capacitancia
constante para diferentes temperaturas;
Los elementos capacitivos estn conectados con laminillas de
cobre estaado de baja inductancia;

2 eletrodos
dielectrico

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6- Elementos del capacitor

Los elementos son

enrolados con precisin en
mquinas controladas por
microprocesadores.

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6- Elementos del capacitor

Placa para sujetar
Placa de
contacto
Contactos

Elemento
capacitivo

Cinta de
fibra
de vidrio

Elementos capacitivos individuales y

uniformes que estn conectados en serie
atravs de una laminilla de cobre estaado.
Una placa de carton prensado en cada
extremo sujeta todos los elementos
capacitivos. Luego se comprime
hidrulicamente y se unen con cinta de
fibra de vidrio epxica a fin de obtener el
factor de espacio ptimo para los requisitos
de capacitancia y circulacin del aceite.
Una placa de conexin ubicada en cada
extremo se utiliza para mantener la
continuidad entre cada agrupamiento
capacitivo.

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6- Elementos del capacitor

Los conjuntos de
elementos capacitivos son
presionados
hidraulicamente y
conectados con una fita
de fibra de vidrio y resina
epoxica.
Conectase el pasamuro
fundido en resina epxica:
permite la pasaje de
tensin para alimentar el
transformador
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Partes constituyentes
Columna capacitiva
Es un divisor de tensin que proporciona un voltaje reducido en
el pasamuro del TP intermedio para una determianda voltaje
aplicada en el terminal primario;
Ofrecer un camio para el seal de alta frecuencia;
Es un paquete de unidades (elementos) mltiples de
condensadores;
Cada paquete est alojado en un aislador individual;
Cada columna est hermticamente cerrada: fuelle de expansin;
Estn acopladas mecnicamente mediante un resorte de
compresin en el topo de la columna y la conexin de tensin es
hecha por los flanges;
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Partes constituyentes

7- Aislador: porcelana o compuesto;

8- Conexin de la toma del divisor de tensin: 11/V3kV que
alimenta el transformador dentro del tanque;
9- Pasamuro fundido en resina epoxica: permite la pasaje de
tensin para alimentar el transformador;
10- Conexin de la terminal (HF) de alta frecuencia (caja sec.), en
la parte final de la columna capacitiva;
11- Dispositivo de supresin de ferroresonancia;
12- Terminales secundarios;

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Partes constituyentes
13- Indicador de nivel de aceite ubicado en el tanque => proyecto
standard;
14- Caja de terminales en aluminio;
15- Transformador intermedio;
16- Sellador de resina: aceite/aire;
17- Dispositivos de toma de muestras de aceite;
18- Reactor de compensacin;
19- Placa de cierre del tanque, donde est alojada la unidad
electromagntica (UEM). El tanque est lleno de aceite y
ubicado en la base de la columna capacitiva.

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Partes constituyentes
Aceite Aislante
Los aceites aislantes utilizados presentan propiedades como:
capacidad dielctrica, estabilidad contra el envejecimiento y
absorcin de gases;
Unidades capacitivas: aceite sinttico SAS-60E (excelente
propiedades para llegar a valores de Cn deseables) tiene
propiedades superiores de absorcin de gases, lo que resulta en
bajas descargas parciales con altos niveles de tensin de
aparicin/extincin; Presenta baja viscosidad, mejor
impregnacin; Aumenta Cn sin aumentar la columna cap.
Unidad electromagntica: aceite mineral naftnico Nitro 4000A,
el mismo utilizados en los TCs y TPs.
Los aceites son libres de PCBs.
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Partes constituyentes
Unidad Electromagntica (UEM)
Disminuye el voltaje intermediario proporcionado por el divisor
de tensin a valores apropiados para aplicaciones de proteccin y
medicin;
Se aloja en un tanque-base con tapa, ambos de aluminio
fundido;
El tanque-base se llena con aceite mineral tratado y sellado
hermticamente del aire ambiente y del aceite sinttico de las
unidades del capacitor;
En la base del tanque hay un tapn de purga del aceite;

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Circuito Equivalente del CVT

1. Terminal primario;
2. Reactor de compensacin;
3. Transf. Voltaje intermedio;
4. Terminal de tierra;
5. Dispositivo de supresin de
ferroresonancia;
6. Resistencia de amortiguamiento;
7. Terminal de onda portadora (AF);
8. Dispositivo de prot. sobretensiones;
9. Terminales secundarios;
10. Llave de aterramiento de pot., abrir en
caso de prueba
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Esquema Electrico
1- Coluna Capacitiva
2- Bobina de Drenagem
3- Gap para proteo da bobina
4- Chave de aterramento de Carrier
5- Bobina de Bloqueio
6- Chave de aterramento do Circuito Magntico
7- Transformador de Potencial Indutivo
8- Circuito de Amortecimento
9- Reator de Compensao
10- Gap para atuao do enrolamento auxiliar

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Accesorios para onda portadora (caja de terminales sec.)

Bobina de drenaje (2) hecha con nucleo y arrollamiento de
cobre sirve para orientar el seal AF (sistema carrier);
La bobina es calculada para que junto con Cn del TPC, presente
una atenuacin conforme norma de <=0,5 dB (evitar rudos)
dentro de los valores de frecuencia de carrier estipulados.
El gap de la bobina de drenaje (3) debe protegerla de surtos de
tensin, atuando para sobretensiones > 3500V.
La llave de aterramiento del carrier (4) debe aterrar el sistema
de carrier para manutencin o cuando este no estiver en
operacin.

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2- Bobina de drenaje

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Accesorios para onda portadora (interior del tanque)

Bobina de bloqueo (5) debe bloquear el seal de alta
frecuencia para tierra cuando el TP est aterrado y bloquear el
seal de AF para el TP.
La llave de aterramiento del circuito magntico (6) sirve para
aterrar la parte magntica para manuntencin o cuando esta
no est siendo utilizada.
El TP (7) sirve para bajar la tensin intermediaria a valores
normalizados, alimentar el circuito de supressin de
ferroresonancia y aislamiento galvanico.

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8- Dispositivo de supresin de ferroresonancia

La capacitancia inerente y la unidad eletromagnctica con el
ncleo de hierro exigen la supresin de ferroresonancia;
El DSF contiene un reactor saturable que actua como una llave,
que presenta una impedancia muy alta en condiciones normales
pero que activa un resistor de amortiguamiento en el secundario
a un voltaje prescrito y desactiva la carga amortiguadora cuando
el voltaje se ha normalizado;
Un resistor es permanente, el otro es activado solamente cuando
el reactor satura.

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8- Dispositivo de supresin de ferroresonancia

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9- Reactor de compensacin
Reactor de compensacin: reactancia en serie cancela el erro de
fase producida durante la transformacin del voltaje en el divisor
de tensin capacitivo; Tambin sirve para reducir los efectos
transitorios.
Inductancia en fase con capacitancia equivalente del divisor
capacitivo => Z=0
Un juego de tomas internas en el reactor y en el TPI son usados
para los ajustes de precisin y ngulo de defasaje en fbrica.
La proteccin contra sobretensiones se logra mediante un
explosor (gap) de proteccin (10) conectado en paralelo a las
reactancias en serie.

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9- Reactor de compensacin

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Caja de terminales secundarias

Material: Aluminio fundido;

La zona de la caja se calienta por transferencia trmica del
tanque lleno de aceite. Esto evita la condensacin en la caja
terminal y elimina la necesidad de utilizar un calentador;

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Partes constituyentes

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Supresin del efecto corona

Para niveles de tensin iguales o superiores

a 245kV, los TPCs son suministrados con
un eletrodo de aluminio para garantizar la
performance de aislamiento.

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Instalacin de Trampa de Onda en la parte

superior del CVT
Para verificar la posibilidad de instalacin de una Trampa de Onda la
parte superior del CVT deben ser llevados en consideracin:
Las dimensiones de la Trampa de Onda (altura y dimetro);
Cuantas trampas de onda (1,2 o 3) sern instaladas, pues una
presenta interferencia en la otra;
Velocidad del viento en el local de instalacin;
Sismicidad;
Mximo esfuerzo aplicado a los terminales de la Trampa de Onda

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Instalacin de Trampa de Onda en la parte

superior del CVT
Las trampas de onda sirven para
direccionar el seal de un TPC para otro;
Para no dejar que el seal de alta
frecuencia escape de la regin delimitada
de comunicacin;
Es necesario suminsitrar una placa de
adaptacin y retirar el terminal primario;

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Como especificar un TPC (Guia)

Gua de una especificacin

Normas que se aplican
Niveles de aislamiento, frecuencia y Clase de Tensin;
Clase de precisin y Potencia Trmica;
Capacitancia y rango de frecuencia de Carrier (TPC)
Tensin primaria nominal y Factor de Tensin;
Calculo de los errores;
Ferro resonancia;
Respuesta al cortocircuito primario;
Ventajas y desventajas;
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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Normas que se aplican

1. IEC ( International Eletrotechnical Comission)

IEC 61869-1 Requisitos generales
IEC 61869-5 Capacitive Voltage Transformers
Sustitui IEC 60044-5/04 Capacitive Voltage Transformers

2. IEEE ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

IEEE C93.1/99 Coulpling Capacitor Voltage
Transformers

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tensin mxima y niveles de aislamiento

La tensin mxima del equipo debe ser como mnimo, la tensin
ms elevada del sistema dnde el CVT ser instalado y de acuerdo
a la norma;
Niveles de aislamiento son valores estndar y deben ser definidos
con base en la clase de tensin de servicio del circuito en el que el
CVT ser instalado, y as representados:
NA: tensin soportable nominal a la frecuencia industrial/ tensin
de choque de rayo/ tensin de impulso de maniobra*
* Establecido para tensin arriba de 245kV

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tensin mxima y niveles de aislamiento

Segn Norma IEC-60044.5, valores en kV

Tensin mxima del equipo ( Um)

Tensin soportable a la frecuencia industrial 1 min

Tensin soportable de choque de rayo

Tensin de impulso de maniobra

72.5

140

325

100

185

450

185

450

230

550

230

550

275

650

275

650

325

750

395

950

460

1050

395

950

750

460

1050

850

460

1050

850

510

1175

950

570

1300

1050

630

1425

1050

630

1425

1050

680

1550

1175

880

1950

1425

975

2100

1550

123

145

170

245

300

362

420

525

765

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tensin mxima y niveles de aislamiento

Segn Norma IEEE C93.1, valores en kV

Tensin mxima del
equipo ( Um)

Tensin soportable a la
frecuencia industrial 1 min

Tensin soportable de
choque de rayo

Tensin de impulso de
maniobra

72.5

140

350

185

450

230

550

145

275

650

170

325

750

395

900

460

1050

575

1300

825

750

1675

1175

800

1800

1175

920

2500

1425

123

245
362
550
800

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Potencia y clase de precisin

Servicio de medicin IEC
30VA, Cl 0,2 - cos =0,8
30VA = Potencia aparente nominal
CL 0,2 = Clase de precisin garantizada con 100% y 25% de la
potencia nominal con 80% y 120% de la Vn.

Servicio da medicin IEEE

0,3WXY - cos =0,9
WXY = Potencia aparente 75VA
0,3 = Clase de precisin garantizada con 90% hasta 110% de la
tensin nominal con carga desde cero ( 0 ) hasta la carga nominal.
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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Potencia y clase de precisin

Servicio de medicin IEC

Defasaje
CLASE DE PRECISI
PRECISIN

Porcentaje del error

Minutos

Centiradianos

0.1

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.2

10

0.3

0.5

0.5

20

0.6

1.0

1.0

40

1.2

3.0

3.0

No especificado

No especificado

El CVT de medicin debe mantener su precisin, con la frecuencia

nominal, para tensiones entre 80% y 120% de la tensin nominal,
con carga secundaria entre 25% y 100% de potencia secundaria
nominal;
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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Potencia y clase de precisin

Servicio de medicin IEEE

C L A S E DE
PREC IS I N

0,3
0,6

E rro re s de C o rrie nte

C on 100% In y 110% Un
Mnimo
0,997
0,994

Mx imo
1.003
1.006

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

C on 10% de Un
Mnimo
0,994
0,988

Mx imo
1.006
1.012

Potencia y clase de precisin

Servicio de la proteccin IEC
30VA, 3P - cos =0,8
El TPC tiene un error de tensin menor que 3% desde 5% hasta
el factor de tensin nominal veces la tensin nominal. Con 2% de
la tensin nominal el error debe ser dos veces el error nominal de
la clase. Los errores deben ser mantenidos con 25% y 100% de la
potencia nominal.

Servicio de la proteccin IEEE

1,2R - WXY - cos =0,85
El TPC tiene un error de tensin menor que 1,2% desde 90% hasta
110% de la tensin nominal con la potencia nominal desde cero ( 0
) hasta 75VA..
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Classe e Carga de Exatido

A Classe e a Carga de Exatido devem ser
garantidas nas seguintes condies:
Variaes da freqncia
Norma

Variaes na
Temperatura
Ambiente

Medio

Proteo

IEC

99 a 101% fN
(59,4 a 60,6 Hz)

96 a 102% fN
(57,6 a 61,2 Hz)

-25 a +40C

ANSI

No possui
variao

58 a 62 Hz

-40 a +45C

ABNT
(Projeto)

99 a 101% fN
59,4 a 60,6 Hz

97 a 103% fN
58,2 a 61,8 Hz

-5 a +40C

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Capacidad mxima
Factores de influencia en la capacidad mxima del equipo y
consecuentemente el costo:

Clase y carga de precisin;

Factor de sobretensin;
Frecuencia;
Nmero de devanados secundarios;
Capacitancia nominal;

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Potencia Trmica
Es la potencia mxima que el TP debe soportar sin exceder el
lmite de elevacin de temperatura de acuerdo a la norma a la
cual ha sido especificado.
La clase de precisin no es garantizada para la potencia trmica.
La norma ABNT (Brasil) menciona como calcular la Pth:

Pth = ( Fst ) 2 * mx. pot.nom.

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de

Carrier
Capacitancia nominal: es el valor nominal de la capacitancia de la
columna.
l responsable por la eleccin de la capacitancia mnima del CVT es
el Ingeniero de comunicaciones, ya que su inters es que la seal de
CARRIER inyectado en el extremo de la lnea llegue con suficiente
intensidad al otro extremo. Adems el rango de frecuencia que de
acuerdo a la norma debe ser entre 30 y 532 kHz.
Capacitancia mnima para que las pierdas no influencien la
comunicacin del sinal;
La perdida de la seal por insercin de la bobina de drenaje debe ser
menor que 0,5dB;

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Capacitancia Nominal y Frecuencia de Carrier

Capacitancia nominal: cuanto > aislador; < capacitancia;
Tipo (Um(kV))
OTCF 72.5
OTCF 123
OTCF 145
OTCF 170
OTCF 245
OTCF 300
OTCF 362
OTCF 420
OTCF 550
OTCF 765

SR,SI,SM
IR,II,IM
Capacitancia (pF)
12500
16700
7500
10000
6250
8300
5250
6700
3750
5000
3150
4150
2650
3350
2100
2770
1750
2250
-

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

ER,EM
37500
22500
18800
16200
11250
9400
8100
6250
5400
4000

Faja de Frecuencia de Comunicacin

Es el rango de frecuencia que ser utilizado para la

comunicacin.

Se no especificado utilizase de 30 hasta 532kHz

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Tensin primaria-secundaria nominal y

factor de tensin
La tensin primaria nominal debe ser la tensin nominal, entre fase
y tierra, del sistema donde el equipo ser instalado.

69.000/3 / 115 3 V

138.000/ 3 / 110/ 3 V

230.000 3 / 115/1153 V

El factor de tensin debe ser especificado de acuerdo a la norma y

las condiciones de puesta a tierra del local de instalacin del CVT.

IEC => 1,2Un continuo y 1,5Un por 30 segundos

IEEE => 1,1Un continuo y 1,4Un por 30 segundos

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Ejemplo de una especificacin

Transformador de Tensin Capacitivo 145kV, f=60Hz
Norma IEC 60044-5
138.000/3 - 115/115/3 (2x)
50VA, Cl 0.2, 50VA, CL 3P
Carga simultanea=100VA
FT - 1,2Un continuo y 1,5Un por 30 segundos
Pth=800VA (total), Cn=6300pF
Nivel de contaminacin: 25 mm/kV
Altitud: < 1000 msnm
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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Rgimen Transitorio
Los CVT estn sometidos a dos condiciones de transitorio:

La Ferro Resonancia que aparece principalmente en la apertura de

un cortocircuito secundario;

Al tiempo de recuperacin o respuesta a un Cortocircuito Primario;

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Rgimen Transitorio
La causa de las oscilaciones es debido al hecho del equipo ser
constituido por elementos capacitivos, inductivos y resistivos.

Estas oscilaciones son inadmisibles, una vez que pueden ocasionar

sobretensiones elevadas que pueden deteriorar el CVT y los equipos
a l conectados.

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia

Ocurrido un cortocircuito secundario y estando el CVT energizado, el
interruptor de proteccin del secundario acta eliminando este
cortocircuito.
Despus del cambio de cierre del interruptor, toda la energa
almacenada en los elementos capacitivos es bruscamente
descargada, criando una corriente de circulacin en el primario del
TP que se refleja en el secundario.
Esta energa se disipa haciendo el ncleo del TP y del reactor saturar,
para eso sirve el circuito de supresin de Ferro resonancia.

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Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia

El producto de esta corriente por la impedancia primaria causa una
sobretensin en la unidad electromagntica, haciendo con que las
inductancias del TP satrense y el dispositivo de proteccin contra
sobre tensiones acte.
Esto ocasiona oscilaciones en el circuito, que no desaparecen al
menos que el CVT sea desconectado del sistema.
Para suprimir estas oscilaciones se coloca una impedancia de
amortiguamiento de bajo valor, con la finalidad de disipar la energa
almacenada, eliminando las oscilaciones y el efecto de la Ferro
Resonancia.

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Corrente Secundria

Tenso Secundria

Tenso Primaria

Efecto de la Ferro Resonancia

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
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Respuesta al Cortocircuito Primario

Cortocircuito

Tenso Secundria

Tenso Primria

Presenta una respuesta menos rpida que los TPs, siendo importante
hacer un estudio real del tiempo de respuesta necesario para
el sistema de proteccin.

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Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Accesorios

Accesorios
Accesorios ya inclusos (standard)

Accesorios conforme solicitacin

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Accesorios ya incluidos
Indicador del nivel de aceite en la unidad
electromagntica
Vlvula para retirada de muestra de aceite
Membrana metlica par expansin del aceite de la
columna capacitiva (acero inoxidable)
Dispositivo para izamiento
Conector de puesta a la tierra
Terminal primario (4 agujeros NEMA Al)

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Accesorios ya incluidos
Caja de terminales secundarios
Placas de identificacin y diagramtico
Dispositivo contra sobre-tensiones en la unidad
electromagntica
Llave de puesta a la tierra del TP
Dispositivo supresor de ferroresonancia
Bobina de drenaje, llave carrier, terminal HF (se no
solicitados pueden ser sacados)

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Accesorios conforme solicitacin

Mini-interruptores de proteccin del secundario, con o sin
contacto de alarme
Termostato
Caja secundaria bipartida con dispositivo para lacre de la
caja secundaria

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Accesorios conforme solicitacin

Tipo de material del terminal primario
Agujeros para entrada de cables en la caja secundaria
Indicador de nivel de aceite para cada modulo capacitivo

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to change without notice. No representation or warranty is given or to be implied as to the completeness of information or fitness for any particular
purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Accesorios conforme solicitacin

Pintura de las partes metlicas
Conector primario
Rango de cables para el conector de puesta a la tierra
Sub-base con entre-eje de fijacin especial

Adaptador para la Trampa de Onda

(suministrado en sustitucin al terminal
primario)

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Transformadores de Potencial Capacitivo

Conclusin

Aumento del Costo del equipo

Nmero de devanados
Clase e carga de precisin (individual y simultanea)
Capacitancia nominal
Condiciones especiales de instalacin
Accesorios extras

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purpose. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, without express written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Muchas Gracias!
Ing. Andr Fernando da Silva
Sales Specialist - AIS
Tel. 55 35 3629-7094
Fax:(35) 3629-7007
andre-fernando.silva@alstom.com

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