-azosin

vin-

-dopa

-ine

-pam

-lol

-mycin
(micin)

ceph (cef)

Vinca-alkyloid antineoplastic. derived

from periwinkle. interferes with cell
division ex: vinblastine use: CA- affects
every rapid producing cell in body adfx:
CNA Depression, stomatitis, alopecia,
bone marrow suppression check reflexes,
give with Zyloprim to reduce uric acid and
adfx risk of extravasation. check IV

antihypertensive alpha
1-adrenergic blockers in
peripheral vasculature use: HTN,
BPH adfx: orthostatic hypo tn,
reflex tachycardia, Nasal
Congestion, periph edema first
dose at HS-causes fainting
initially

beta-adrenergic agonists
(bronchodilator, increase vasc
resist) ex: norepinephrine
(Levophed ), dopamine
(Inotropin) used cardiac arrest,
COPD adfx: anticholinergic,
dysrhythmias

antiparkinson. essentially
replace dopamine (also
parlodel) adfx: ataxia,
anticholinergic, dizziness B6
can reverse effects, avoid
CNS depressants

beta blocker
adfx:
bronchospasm

benzodiazepine adfx:
depression, CNS depression,
addictive. d/c slowly caffeine
and nicotine decreases
effectiveness

cephalosporin-tonsillitis,
prophylaxis, meningitis-bacterial
wall inhibitor adfx: bone marrow
depression, GI upset, cross
allergy w/pcn, protein/glucose in
urine do not drink etoh, take
with food

aminoglycosides-inhibit
protein synthesis gram
neg adfx:oto and
nephrotoxic check cranial
nerve 8 (ear)

-floaxcin

-thromycin

-cillin

sulf, zulf,
bactrim

-cycline

-azine

-cyclovir -dronate

macrolide-cell membrane
binder used in pcn allergy. used
for dental prophylaxis in valve
disorders adfx: confusion,
increases effects of coumadin,
theophylline take without food

fluoroquinalones- dna inhibitor

anthrax tx, e. coli adfx:
decreased WBC, hct.
elevated liver enzymes don't
take with food

sulfonamide-antagonizes folic
acid synth UC, crohn's, uri adfx:
peripheral neuropathy,
photosensitive, crystalluria,
stomatitis take with food,
encourage fluids, mouth care

penicillin-inhibits synthesis
of cell wall severe
infx-syphillis, lyme disease...
adfx: stomatitis, allergy take
without food

antipsychotic-block dopamine
receptors adfx: akathisia,
dyskinesia, dystonia,
parkinsonian, tardive
dyskinesia, leukopenia, can
stunt growth in kids avoid etoh
and caffeine

tetracycline-prevents protein
synthesis baby eye drops, acne
adfx: discoloration of primary
teeth in utero or in early
childhood, phototoxic, toxic
when expired take without food

biophosphenatesantiosteoporosis inhibit
bone resorption adfx:
esophagitis, arthralgia

antiviral, inhibits DNA and

RNA (includes non
-cyclovirs too) use in herpes,
HIV adfx: HA, dizziness, GI
doesn't cure.

-tropium, -ol,
-phylline

-zolamide

-oxin

-fate

-sone

-arin

-etine, -aline

-ase

anti-glaucoma, decreases
production of aqueous humor
adfx: blurred vision, lethargy,
depression, anorexia,
decrease potassium

bronchodilators uses:COPD,
asthma (terbutaline for
preterm labor) adfx:
tachycardia, dysrhythmias,
palpitations, anticholinergic
take bronchodilator first

cytoprotective agents form

barrier on duodenal ulcers
adfx: constipation, vertigo,
flatulence take without food

cardiac glycoside-increase force of myocardial

contraction, slow HR Left heart failure adfx:
bradycardias, N/V, visual disturbance hold if
pulse <60 in adult, <70 in older kids, <90 in
infants, young kids check K+ levels- low
potassium increases risk of toxicity. eat plenty of
potassium loading doses--- 0.5, then 0.25, then
0.125 for daily dose antidote: digibind

anticoagulant adfx: bleeding, hematuria heparin blocks

conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, used in PE, venous
thrombosis, after acute MI. PTT: 30-75? antidote for heparin:
protamine sulfate warfarin interferes with vit k clotting
factors. used in PE, vt, prophylaxis after acute MI. adtl adfx:
alopecia. takes 5 days for therapy to work PT: 14-35 INR:
2-3 vit c decreases effectiveness antidote for warfarin: vit k.
avoid vit k while taking it. AVOID GARLIC, GINKO,
GINGER w/ anticoags

antidiabetic (also Dymelor) for

type II only adfx: skin reaction,
hypoglycemia take prior to
eating- EAT. alcohol, aspirin,
sulfonamides, oral birth control,
maois affect action

glucocorticoids uses: asthma,

COPD, some leukemias,
Addison's, Crohn's adfx: infxn,
mask s/s of infxn, insomnia,
hypoglycemia, hypokalemia,
psychosis, depression, stunted
growth wean over time

SSRI antidepressant- 4 weeks

for effect adfx: anxiety,
urinary/bowel retention,
insomnia at hs, pink urine
suicide risk on upswing

-ylate

anti-gout

-statin

-pril

-lol

-ipine

-artan

cholsalide (Colchicine), benemid

(Probenecid), Zyloprim (Allopurinol)
decreases uric acid Probenecid increases
action of Cipro Colchicine used only in
acute gout syndrome Probenecid for
chronic adfx: agranulocytosis, renal
calculi-flush kidneys at treatment may
take with food/milk/antacids

antidiarrheals (also
imodium) adfx:
anticholinergic,
constipation cxn in
unknown abd pain

antihypertensives ACE
Inhibitors-affect
arteries-vasodilation in whole
body use for HTN and CHF
adfx: lethargy initially,
orthostatic hypotension take
without food

antihyperlipidemia- statins block

synthesis of cholesterol and
triglycerides
(sequestrans-Questran-blocks
absorption) adfx: constipation,
fat-soluble vitamin deficiency take
hs or at least 30 minutes before
meals. assess diet cannot take with
other meds

antihypertensives also diltiazem,

verapamil calcium channel
blocker-inhibit calcium influx across
cell membrane to slow conduction and
dilate coronary vessels and decrease
HR uses: angina, HTN, interstitial
cystitis adfx: hypo tn, GI upset SR-do
not chew, crush, open

antihypertensives beta adrenergic

blockers- decreases excitability of
heart, decreases oxygen
consumption use: angina, SVT,
HTN adfx: bronchospasm, HR
changes take with food, taper off to
avoid rebound HTN

antihypertensives angiotensin
II-receptors uses: HTN, heart
failure, MI, neuropathy, stroke
prophylaxis adfx: dizziness,
GI distress SR-do not chew,
crush, open